The pollution of freshwater ecosystems is threatening freshwater plant species diversity worldwide. Freshwater plants, such as the common duckweed (Lemna minor), are potentially sensitive to novel stressful environments. To test if ecotype diversity could increase resistance to stressful environments, I used seven L. minor populations and measured their growth rates with and without moderate salt stress across an ecotype diversity gradient. The L. minor populations were grown over five months in 92 experimental mesocosms, either in ecotype monocultures or in polyculture with either one or three conspecific ecotypes (23 unique compositions). After growing the duckweed in unperturbed conditions (phase 1), the cultures were subjected to moderate salt stress (50mM NaCl) for several weeks (phase 2). The experiment was conducted in the presence of the natural epimicrobial community associated with the different ecotypes. In phase 2, a subset of these algae added an unintentional second stressor to the experiment. The ecotypes differed in their growth rates, the fastest growing at twice the rate of others. The diversity context further shaped the ecotype growth rates. Ecotype polycultures showed higher abundances towards the end of the experiment, thus over time, as the environment deteriorated, ecotype diversity gained in importance. These findings show that within-species variation in growth rates can translate to a positive effect of ecotype diversity on population abundance. Exposure of L. minor to moderate salt levels did not significantly impact growth rates, although the effect may have been masked by reduced algal stress in the saline environments.
{"title":"The importance of ecotype diversity on duckweed growth with and without salt stress","authors":"Sofia J. van Moorsel","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The pollution of freshwater ecosystems is threatening freshwater plant species diversity worldwide. Freshwater plants, such as the common duckweed (Lemna minor), are potentially sensitive to novel stressful environments. To test if ecotype diversity could increase resistance to stressful environments, I used seven L. minor populations and measured their growth rates with and without moderate salt stress across an ecotype diversity gradient. The L. minor populations were grown over five months in 92 experimental mesocosms, either in ecotype monocultures or in polyculture with either one or three conspecific ecotypes (23 unique compositions). After growing the duckweed in unperturbed conditions (phase 1), the cultures were subjected to moderate salt stress (50mM NaCl) for several weeks (phase 2). The experiment was conducted in the presence of the natural epimicrobial community associated with the different ecotypes. In phase 2, a subset of these algae added an unintentional second stressor to the experiment. The ecotypes differed in their growth rates, the fastest growing at twice the rate of others. The diversity context further shaped the ecotype growth rates. Ecotype polycultures showed higher abundances towards the end of the experiment, thus over time, as the environment deteriorated, ecotype diversity gained in importance. These findings show that within-species variation in growth rates can translate to a positive effect of ecotype diversity on population abundance. Exposure of L. minor to moderate salt levels did not significantly impact growth rates, although the effect may have been masked by reduced algal stress in the saline environments.","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49225053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. M. Tiwari, Jinliang Liu, Yuchu Xie, Shenhao Yao, Shenglong Liu, Su-Chuan Wu, Julian Liu, Haiyuan Qian, Zupei Lei, Hongwei Zhang, Lei Zhong, Boliang Wei, Mingjian Yu
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has become a central issue in any forest ecosystem. However, there are few studies on the interaction of environmental factors based on the history of subtropical forest disturbance. In this study, we intended to disentangle the relationship between different aspects of biodiversity and biomass or biomass change when considering the environmental factors of 34 subtropical forest plots in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. We used linear models to analyze the effects of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity on the plot level of tree biomass and its growth with or without environmental factors. Taxonomic diversity and functional diversity, rather than phylogenetic diversity, showed significant correlations with biomass and biomass growth. We further found that there was a positive linear relationship between biomass or biomass growth and mean annual temperature and altitude. In addition, the relationship between biomass growth and functional diversity was significantly stronger than the relationship between biomass growth and phylogenetic diversity or taxonomic diversity when considering environmental factors and stand developmental stage. Our results suggested that the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning depended on the selection of diversity index and environmental conditions.
{"title":"Decoupling the impact of biodiversity and environmental factors on the biomass and biomass growth of trees in subtropical forests","authors":"R. M. Tiwari, Jinliang Liu, Yuchu Xie, Shenhao Yao, Shenglong Liu, Su-Chuan Wu, Julian Liu, Haiyuan Qian, Zupei Lei, Hongwei Zhang, Lei Zhong, Boliang Wei, Mingjian Yu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has become a central issue in any forest ecosystem. However, there are few studies on the interaction of environmental factors based on the history of subtropical forest disturbance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, we intended to disentangle the relationship between different aspects of biodiversity and biomass or biomass change when considering the environmental factors of 34 subtropical forest plots in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. We used linear models to analyze the effects of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity on the plot level of tree biomass and its growth with or without environmental factors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Taxonomic diversity and functional diversity, rather than phylogenetic diversity, showed significant correlations with biomass and biomass growth. We further found that there was a positive linear relationship between biomass or biomass growth and mean annual temperature and altitude. In addition, the relationship between biomass growth and functional diversity was significantly stronger than the relationship between biomass growth and phylogenetic diversity or taxonomic diversity when considering environmental factors and stand developmental stage. Our results suggested that the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning depended on the selection of diversity index and environmental conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47521327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of nestedness originated from the field of biogeography decades ago and has been widely used in metacommunities and biological interaction networks, but there is still a lack of research within local communities. Moreover, studies about nestedness usually rarely incorporate the functional traits of the species and the environmental characteristics of the sites. In this study, we constructed a species presence-absence matrix of a 50-ha forest plot, used the simulated annealing algorithm to reveal the maximum nested structure, and further tested the significance of nestedness patterns by constructing null ensembles. The nested ranks were used to represent the orders of species and quadrats in the maximum nestedness matrix. The regression tree analysis was used to reveal the relationships of nested ranks with environmental factors and functional traits. We found that the co-occurrence pattern of local plant communities was significantly nested. The regression tree results showed that the nested ranks of quadrats were determined by soil available phosphorus, soil water content, soil organic carbon, and soil pH. Intraspecific variation of functional traits, including leaf C, leaf pH, leaf dry matter content, and maximum photosynthetic rate rather than means of functional traits, provided a better explanation for the formation of species' nested ranks. Understanding the causes of species and quadrats nested ranks provides novel lens and useful insights into ecological processes underlying nestedness, and further improves our knowledge of how local plant communities are assembled.
{"title":"Using intraspecific variation of functional traits and environmental factors to understand the formation of nestedness patterns of a local forest community","authors":"Weitao Wang, Yun Jiang, Yongfa Chen, Wenqi Luo, Dong He, Youshi Wang, Chengjin Chu, Buhang Li","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The concept of nestedness originated from the field of biogeography decades ago and has been widely used in metacommunities and biological interaction networks, but there is still a lack of research within local communities. Moreover, studies about nestedness usually rarely incorporate the functional traits of the species and the environmental characteristics of the sites.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, we constructed a species presence-absence matrix of a 50-ha forest plot, used the simulated annealing algorithm to reveal the maximum nested structure, and further tested the significance of nestedness patterns by constructing null ensembles. The nested ranks were used to represent the orders of species and quadrats in the maximum nestedness matrix. The regression tree analysis was used to reveal the relationships of nested ranks with environmental factors and functional traits.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found that the co-occurrence pattern of local plant communities was significantly nested. The regression tree results showed that the nested ranks of quadrats were determined by soil available phosphorus, soil water content, soil organic carbon, and soil pH. Intraspecific variation of functional traits, including leaf C, leaf pH, leaf dry matter content, and maximum photosynthetic rate rather than means of functional traits, provided a better explanation for the formation of species' nested ranks. Understanding the causes of species and quadrats nested ranks provides novel lens and useful insights into ecological processes underlying nestedness, and further improves our knowledge of how local plant communities are assembled.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Asghar, B. Ahmad, A. Raza, B. Adil, Hafiz Hassan Javed, M. Farooq, A. Ghafoor, M. Hussain, I. Shafiq, H. Karim, Xin Sun, Wenyu Yang, G. Kocsy, Junbo Du
Plants are exposed to several adverse environmental effects during their life span. Among them drought stress is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity. In order to survive in such unstable environment, plants have developed mechanisms through which they recognize the severity of the stress based on the incoming environmental stimuli. To combat the detrimental effects of drought, the plants use various strategies to modulate their physio-hormonal attributes. They can be modulated by shade and microbes, which process can enhances drought tolerance and reduce yield loss. Plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin and ethylene have a major role in the shade- and microbe-associated improvement of drought tolerance through their effects on various metabolic pathways. In this process, the CLAVATA3/EMBRYOSURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 25 peptide has a major role due to its effect on ABA synthesis as shown in our regulatory model.
{"title":"Shade and microbes enhance drought stress tolerance in plants by inducing phytohormones at molecular levels: A review","authors":"M. Asghar, B. Ahmad, A. Raza, B. Adil, Hafiz Hassan Javed, M. Farooq, A. Ghafoor, M. Hussain, I. Shafiq, H. Karim, Xin Sun, Wenyu Yang, G. Kocsy, Junbo Du","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Plants are exposed to several adverse environmental effects during their life span. Among them drought stress is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity. In order to survive in such unstable environment, plants have developed mechanisms through which they recognize the severity of the stress based on the incoming environmental stimuli. To combat the detrimental effects of drought, the plants use various strategies to modulate their physio-hormonal attributes. They can be modulated by shade and microbes, which process can enhances drought tolerance and reduce yield loss. Plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin and ethylene have a major role in the shade- and microbe-associated improvement of drought tolerance through their effects on various metabolic pathways. In this process, the CLAVATA3/EMBRYOSURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 25 peptide has a major role due to its effect on ABA synthesis as shown in our regulatory model.","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Zhou, Wangwang Lv, Shi-ping Wang, Li-rong Zhang, Jian Sun, Li-li Jiang, Peipei Liu, Qi Wang, Bowen Li, Wang A, Huan Hong, Su-Ren Zhang, Lu Xia, J. Nan, Zhenghua Xie, C. Luo, Zhenhua Zhang, Changshun Wang, Jin-Zhi Wang, Ci Yang, T. Dorji
Fine root decomposition is a critical process regulating ecosystem carbon cycles and affecting nutrient cycling and soil fertility. However, whether interaction between warming and grazing affects fine root decomposition is still under-researched in natural grasslands. A two-factorial experiment with asymmetric warming (i.e., daytime vs nighttime and growing season vs non-growing season) and moderate grazing (i.e., about average 50% forage utilization rate) was conducted to explore whether warming and grazing affect fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients during a two-year decomposition period in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Both warming and grazing facilitated carbon cycling through increase in fine root decomposition, and also influenced element cycling which varies among elements. The effects of warming and grazing on fine root decomposition and loss of nutrients were additive. Both warming and grazing significantly increased cumulative percentage mass loss and total organic carbon loss of fine-roots during the 2-year experiment. Only warming with grazing treatment reduced percentage nitrogen loss, whereas warming, regardless of grazing, decreased percentage phosphorus loss. Warming and grazing alone increased percentage loss of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium compared with control. There were no interactions between warming and grazing on fine root decomposition and loss of nutrients. There was greater temperature sensitivity of decreased phosphorus loss than that of decreased nitrogen loss. Different temperature sensitivities of percentage loss of nutrients from fine-root decomposition would alter ratios of the available nutrients in soils, and may further affect ecosystem structure and functions in future warming.
{"title":"Additive effects of warming and grazing on fine root decomposition and loss of nutrients in an alpine meadow","authors":"Yang Zhou, Wangwang Lv, Shi-ping Wang, Li-rong Zhang, Jian Sun, Li-li Jiang, Peipei Liu, Qi Wang, Bowen Li, Wang A, Huan Hong, Su-Ren Zhang, Lu Xia, J. Nan, Zhenghua Xie, C. Luo, Zhenhua Zhang, Changshun Wang, Jin-Zhi Wang, Ci Yang, T. Dorji","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fine root decomposition is a critical process regulating ecosystem carbon cycles and affecting nutrient cycling and soil fertility. However, whether interaction between warming and grazing affects fine root decomposition is still under-researched in natural grasslands.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A two-factorial experiment with asymmetric warming (i.e., daytime vs nighttime and growing season vs non-growing season) and moderate grazing (i.e., about average 50% forage utilization rate) was conducted to explore whether warming and grazing affect fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients during a two-year decomposition period in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Both warming and grazing facilitated carbon cycling through increase in fine root decomposition, and also influenced element cycling which varies among elements. The effects of warming and grazing on fine root decomposition and loss of nutrients were additive. Both warming and grazing significantly increased cumulative percentage mass loss and total organic carbon loss of fine-roots during the 2-year experiment. Only warming with grazing treatment reduced percentage nitrogen loss, whereas warming, regardless of grazing, decreased percentage phosphorus loss. Warming and grazing alone increased percentage loss of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium compared with control. There were no interactions between warming and grazing on fine root decomposition and loss of nutrients. There was greater temperature sensitivity of decreased phosphorus loss than that of decreased nitrogen loss. Different temperature sensitivities of percentage loss of nutrients from fine-root decomposition would alter ratios of the available nutrients in soils, and may further affect ecosystem structure and functions in future warming.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43011667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple elements are critical for plant growth and survival, community structure, and vegetation function. Chemical diversity, defined as the ranges in element concentrations of plant species within communities, could provide essential insights into plant nutrient strategies and community assembly rules. However, little is known about the chemical diversity of multi-elements besides N and P, and current understanding of chemical diversity is largely based on aboveground plant traits. We investigated understory plant communities in forest swamps along a local soil chemical gradient and determined 11 major and trace elements in leaves and roots of dominant and subordinate plants. Using n-dimensional hypervolume, we examined the changes in leaf and root chemical diversity and their linkages with soil properties. Plant chemical diversity decreased significantly with soil Al, Mn, Mg, and Zn concentrations, but showed no relationships with soil N, P, K, Na, and Fe concentrations, soil pH and C:N. These patterns also held after controlling for species richness and soil moisture. Furthermore, leaf and root chemical diversity were positively correlated and showed similar relationships with soil factors. Root chemical diversity was not significantly higher than leaf chemical diversity. Our results emphasized the important role of soil trace elements for plant chemical diversity along the local soil chemical gradient. Similar patterns and extent of leaf and root chemical diversity may indicate similar local-scale environmental constraint on above- and belowground plant chemical diversity. These findings have important implications for plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning influenced by soil nutrient changes.
{"title":"Changes in plant multidimensional chemical diversity along a local soil chemical gradient in temperate forest swamps","authors":"Xu-Yan Liu, Yu‐Kun Hu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Multiple elements are critical for plant growth and survival, community structure, and vegetation function. Chemical diversity, defined as the ranges in element concentrations of plant species within communities, could provide essential insights into plant nutrient strategies and community assembly rules. However, little is known about the chemical diversity of multi-elements besides N and P, and current understanding of chemical diversity is largely based on aboveground plant traits.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We investigated understory plant communities in forest swamps along a local soil chemical gradient and determined 11 major and trace elements in leaves and roots of dominant and subordinate plants. Using n-dimensional hypervolume, we examined the changes in leaf and root chemical diversity and their linkages with soil properties.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Plant chemical diversity decreased significantly with soil Al, Mn, Mg, and Zn concentrations, but showed no relationships with soil N, P, K, Na, and Fe concentrations, soil pH and C:N. These patterns also held after controlling for species richness and soil moisture. Furthermore, leaf and root chemical diversity were positively correlated and showed similar relationships with soil factors. Root chemical diversity was not significantly higher than leaf chemical diversity. Our results emphasized the important role of soil trace elements for plant chemical diversity along the local soil chemical gradient. Similar patterns and extent of leaf and root chemical diversity may indicate similar local-scale environmental constraint on above- and belowground plant chemical diversity. These findings have important implications for plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning influenced by soil nutrient changes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46438661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transgenerational effects in plants incur opposing effects on the adaptation to predictable vs. unpredictable environments. While seed-dimorphic plants can produce dimorphic offspring with different adaptive strategies, it remains unclear whether the transgenerational effects and seed dimorphism may interact to dictate offspring adaptation. This study aimed to explore whether and how seed-dimorphic maternal plants impart different transgenerational effects to dimorphic offspring. Synedrella nodiflora was chosen as a study species, which is adaptive to a wide soil water gradient and produces two distinctive types of seeds (light disc vs. heavy ray seeds). In a greenhouse, S. nodiflora was grown for two generations under drought stress to test whether the transgenerational effects on offspring performance and mortality depend on maternal or offspring seed morph. The potential regulatory mechanisms were explored by measuring seed provisioning and chemical regulators of maternal plants and related reproductive processes. The transgenerational effects depended on both maternal and offspring seed morphs. Drought stress induced the maternal plants originated from ray seeds to increase the relative proportion of ray- vs. disc-seed offspring and transmit stronger adaptive transgenerational effects to the former, whereas its effects on the maternal plants originated from disc seeds were exactly opposite. These different effects on offspring corresponded with different seed abscisic acid and soluble sugar contents but not seed provisioning. Dimorphism-dependent transgenerational effects allow large divergence of drought tolerance among offspring, which may be an important but under-explored mechanism to balance the needs of population maintenance and range expansion in seed-dimorphic species.
{"title":"Dimorphism-dependent transgenerational effects facilitate divergence of drought tolerance in Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn","authors":"Qian Gan, Jingyu Liu, H. Liao, S. Peng","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Transgenerational effects in plants incur opposing effects on the adaptation to predictable vs. unpredictable environments. While seed-dimorphic plants can produce dimorphic offspring with different adaptive strategies, it remains unclear whether the transgenerational effects and seed dimorphism may interact to dictate offspring adaptation. This study aimed to explore whether and how seed-dimorphic maternal plants impart different transgenerational effects to dimorphic offspring.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Synedrella nodiflora was chosen as a study species, which is adaptive to a wide soil water gradient and produces two distinctive types of seeds (light disc vs. heavy ray seeds). In a greenhouse, S. nodiflora was grown for two generations under drought stress to test whether the transgenerational effects on offspring performance and mortality depend on maternal or offspring seed morph. The potential regulatory mechanisms were explored by measuring seed provisioning and chemical regulators of maternal plants and related reproductive processes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The transgenerational effects depended on both maternal and offspring seed morphs. Drought stress induced the maternal plants originated from ray seeds to increase the relative proportion of ray- vs. disc-seed offspring and transmit stronger adaptive transgenerational effects to the former, whereas its effects on the maternal plants originated from disc seeds were exactly opposite. These different effects on offspring corresponded with different seed abscisic acid and soluble sugar contents but not seed provisioning. Dimorphism-dependent transgenerational effects allow large divergence of drought tolerance among offspring, which may be an important but under-explored mechanism to balance the needs of population maintenance and range expansion in seed-dimorphic species.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43836395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
River deltas are hot spots of biogeochemical cycling. Understanding sources and driving factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river deltas is important for evaluating the role of river deltas in regulating global carbon flux. In this study, spectroscopic properties of soil DOM were analyzed in both freshwater and tidal areas of the Yellow River Delta. Five fluorescent components of soil DOM (two humic-like DOM, two protein-like DOM, and one possible contaminant) were identified by parallel factor analysis and further confirmed by comparison with an online database. Concentration, spectroscopic properties, and sources of soil DOM and its components differed between freshwater and tidal areas. DOM concentration was much higher in freshwater areas than in tidal areas. In freshwater areas, soil DOM was mainly derived from phytoplankton and microorganisms, while in tidal areas, it was mainly derived from microorganisms and human activities. These differences in DOM between both areas were strongly driven by environmental factors, especially soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and its stoichiometric ratio C/N. These explained 80.7% and 69.6% of variations in DOM and CDOM, respectively. In addition, phytoplankton also contributed to soil DOM, CDOM, and fluorescent components C1–C4 as identified by significant positive correlations between them. The results imply that in the Yellow River Delta, both the concentration and composition of soil DOM are strongly driven by soil properties and phytoplankton density.
{"title":"Spectroscopic properties and driving factors of dissolved organic matter in the Yellow River Delta","authors":"Yuan Cui, Fang-Li Luo, Ming-xiang Zhang, Fei-Hai Yu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 River deltas are hot spots of biogeochemical cycling. Understanding sources and driving factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river deltas is important for evaluating the role of river deltas in regulating global carbon flux. In this study, spectroscopic properties of soil DOM were analyzed in both freshwater and tidal areas of the Yellow River Delta. Five fluorescent components of soil DOM (two humic-like DOM, two protein-like DOM, and one possible contaminant) were identified by parallel factor analysis and further confirmed by comparison with an online database. Concentration, spectroscopic properties, and sources of soil DOM and its components differed between freshwater and tidal areas. DOM concentration was much higher in freshwater areas than in tidal areas. In freshwater areas, soil DOM was mainly derived from phytoplankton and microorganisms, while in tidal areas, it was mainly derived from microorganisms and human activities. These differences in DOM between both areas were strongly driven by environmental factors, especially soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and its stoichiometric ratio C/N. These explained 80.7% and 69.6% of variations in DOM and CDOM, respectively. In addition, phytoplankton also contributed to soil DOM, CDOM, and fluorescent components C1–C4 as identified by significant positive correlations between them. The results imply that in the Yellow River Delta, both the concentration and composition of soil DOM are strongly driven by soil properties and phytoplankton density.","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46596390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutrient resorption is a crucial mechanism for plant nutrient conservation, but most previous studies didn’t consider the leaf-mass loss during senescence for lack of measured data, leading to an underestimation of nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE), or had to calculate NuRE of various species based on the average mass loss at plant-functional-group level in the literature, which affected its accuracy. We here measured the leaf-mass loss to correct NuRE with the species-specific mass loss correction factor (MLCF), so as to foster a more accurate calculation of the nutrient fluxes within and between plants and the soil. Green leaves and senesced leaves were collected from 35 dominant woody plants in northern China. Mass of green and senesced leaves were measured to calculate the MLCF at species level. The MLCF was reported for each of the 35 dominant woody plants in northern China. These species averagely lost 17% of the green-leaf mass during leaf senescence, but varied greatly from 1.3%~36.8% mass loss across the 35 species, or 11.7%~19.6% loss across the functional types. Accordingly, the MLCF varied from 0.632~0.987 across the 35 species with an average value 0.832. The NuRE corrected with MLCF was remarkably increased on the whole (e.g., both the average nitrogen and phosphorus NuRE became about 9% higher, or more accurate), compared with the uncorrected ones, especially in the case of low resorption efficiencies. Our field data provides reliable references for the MLCF of plants in related regions at both species and functional-type levels, and is expected to promote more accurate calculations of NuRE.
{"title":"Correction of leaf nutrient resorption efficiency on the mass basis","authors":"Meixia Zhang, Yan Luo, Q. Meng, W. Han","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Nutrient resorption is a crucial mechanism for plant nutrient conservation, but most previous studies didn’t consider the leaf-mass loss during senescence for lack of measured data, leading to an underestimation of nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE), or had to calculate NuRE of various species based on the average mass loss at plant-functional-group level in the literature, which affected its accuracy. We here measured the leaf-mass loss to correct NuRE with the species-specific mass loss correction factor (MLCF), so as to foster a more accurate calculation of the nutrient fluxes within and between plants and the soil.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Green leaves and senesced leaves were collected from 35 dominant woody plants in northern China. Mass of green and senesced leaves were measured to calculate the MLCF at species level.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The MLCF was reported for each of the 35 dominant woody plants in northern China. These species averagely lost 17% of the green-leaf mass during leaf senescence, but varied greatly from 1.3%~36.8% mass loss across the 35 species, or 11.7%~19.6% loss across the functional types. Accordingly, the MLCF varied from 0.632~0.987 across the 35 species with an average value 0.832. The NuRE corrected with MLCF was remarkably increased on the whole (e.g., both the average nitrogen and phosphorus NuRE became about 9% higher, or more accurate), compared with the uncorrected ones, especially in the case of low resorption efficiencies. Our field data provides reliable references for the MLCF of plants in related regions at both species and functional-type levels, and is expected to promote more accurate calculations of NuRE.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49237892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingjie Xu, Tingting An, Zhoutao Zheng, Tao Zhang, Yang-jian Zhang, Guirui Yu
The Tibetan Plateau is generally referred to as the Chinese water tower, and evapotranspiration (ET) affects the water budget and stability of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. However, its variability and controlling mechanisms have not been well documented under the drier conditions induced by global warming. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether meteorological or biological factors primarily affected the variability in ET under contrasting water conditions in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 6-year (2013–2018) eddy covariance observations and the corresponding meteorological and biological data, linear perturbation analyses were employed to isolate the contributions of meteorological and biological factors to the variability in evapotranspiration (δET). The results indicated that δET was mainly driven by meteorological factors in wet peak seasons (July and August) and was dominated by net radiation (Rn) and air temperature (Ta), indicating that the inadequate available energy was the factor limiting ET. However, the dominant factors affecting δET shifted from meteorological to biological in dry peak seasons when the canopy stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf area index (LAI) were dominant. At this point, the ecosystem was limited by the water conditions. This study provides empirical insights into how meteorological and biological factors regulate variability in ET under contrasting water conditions. This study can further improve our understanding of water cycle processes and can help effectively manage water resources in alpine meadow ecosystems under future climate change conditions.
{"title":"Variability in evapotranspiration shifts from meteorological to biological control under wet versus drought conditions in an alpine meadow","authors":"Mingjie Xu, Tingting An, Zhoutao Zheng, Tao Zhang, Yang-jian Zhang, Guirui Yu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Tibetan Plateau is generally referred to as the Chinese water tower, and evapotranspiration (ET) affects the water budget and stability of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. However, its variability and controlling mechanisms have not been well documented under the drier conditions induced by global warming. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether meteorological or biological factors primarily affected the variability in ET under contrasting water conditions in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Based on 6-year (2013–2018) eddy covariance observations and the corresponding meteorological and biological data, linear perturbation analyses were employed to isolate the contributions of meteorological and biological factors to the variability in evapotranspiration (δET).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicated that δET was mainly driven by meteorological factors in wet peak seasons (July and August) and was dominated by net radiation (Rn) and air temperature (Ta), indicating that the inadequate available energy was the factor limiting ET. However, the dominant factors affecting δET shifted from meteorological to biological in dry peak seasons when the canopy stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf area index (LAI) were dominant. At this point, the ecosystem was limited by the water conditions. This study provides empirical insights into how meteorological and biological factors regulate variability in ET under contrasting water conditions. This study can further improve our understanding of water cycle processes and can help effectively manage water resources in alpine meadow ecosystems under future climate change conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45670882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：