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Financial reporting comparability in US firms issuing debt in the US primary market 在美国一级市场发行债券的美国公司的财务报告可比性
Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101743
Paula Hill, Gerald J. Lobo, Shuo Wang
We propose a method of measuring the comparability of reported accounting numbers from the perspective of creditors. Our measure reflects the relationship between market variables related to default probabilities and key accounting numbers of interest to lenders. We demonstrate that our measure captures the mapping between the market variables and the accounting system and that the values are consistent with expected differences in comparability in a range of tests and settings. We employ this measure to determine the impact of comparability in the US primary bond market and find that it has a negative and significant relationship with the spread of credit rating assessments of new bond issues. We also show that new bond issues of firms with superior comparability have better credit ratings and reduced bond yields, ceteris paribus. We find that the benefits of our lender-focused, balance-sheet-based comparability measure to the public bond market are robust to controlling for the earnings-based financial statement comparability measure of De Franco et al. (2011), and independent of economic similarities between firm pairs. Our findings are commensurate with comparability reducing the information uncertainty surrounding credit risk assessments derived from a firm's financial information.
我们提出了一种从债权人角度衡量报告会计数字可比性的方法。我们的测量反映了与违约概率相关的市场变量与贷方利息的关键会计数字之间的关系。我们证明,我们的措施捕捉到市场变量和会计系统之间的映射,并且在一系列测试和设置中,这些值与可比性的预期差异是一致的。我们利用这一度量来确定可比性在美国一级债券市场的影响,发现它与新债券发行的信用评级评估的传播具有负向且显著的关系。我们还表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,具有较强可比性的公司发行的新债券具有更好的信用评级和更低的债券收益率。我们发现,我们以贷款人为中心的、基于资产负债表的可比性指标对公共债券市场的好处是稳健的,可以控制De Franco等人(2011)基于盈利的财务报表可比性指标,并且独立于公司对之间的经济相似性。我们的研究结果与可比性是相称的,减少了来自公司财务信息的信用风险评估的信息不确定性。
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引用次数: 0
Riding the storm: How natural disasters shape financial advisor misconduct? 乘风破浪:自然灾害如何影响财务顾问的不当行为?
Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101733
Zuben Jin
This study addresses the pressing issue of widespread unethical conduct among financial advisors, impacting both households and the broader economy. Utilizing a panel dataset of U.S. investment advisors and natural disaster occurrences, this research underscores a significant positive link between experiences of natural disasters and the likelihood of financial advisor misconduct. Notably, experiences with less severe disasters appear to drive the increase in misconduct. These experiences may boost advisors’ perceived confidence in handling risk, which in turn amplifies their risk-taking tendencies and leads to unethical behavior. Furthermore, instrumental variable and Difference-in-Differences analysis mitigates endogeneity concerns, and robustness tests and placebo analyses reinforce the credibility of the findings. Additionally, at the aggregate firm-branch level, our study demonstrates that advisors with more disaster experiences correlate with higher branch misconduct rates. Overall, this study offers insights into the intricate interplay of external shocks, risk appetite, and misconduct tendencies in the realm of financial advisory services.
这项研究解决了财务顾问中普遍存在的不道德行为这一紧迫问题,它影响着家庭和更广泛的经济。利用美国投资顾问和自然灾害发生的面板数据集,本研究强调了自然灾害经历与财务顾问不当行为可能性之间的显著正相关。值得注意的是,不太严重的灾难经历似乎推动了不当行为的增加。这些经历可能会增强顾问在处理风险方面的自信,这反过来又放大了他们的冒险倾向,导致不道德的行为。此外,工具变量和差异中的差异分析减轻了内生性问题,鲁棒性检验和安慰剂分析增强了研究结果的可信度。此外,在公司-分支机构的总体水平上,我们的研究表明,拥有更多灾难经验的顾问与更高的分支机构不当行为率相关。总体而言,本研究提供了对金融咨询服务领域外部冲击、风险偏好和不当行为倾向之间错综复杂的相互作用的见解。
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引用次数: 0
What happens at the interface of digitalisation and accounting? 在数字化和会计的界面上会发生什么?
Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101742
Alnoor Bhimani, Lino Cinquini, Teemu Malmi
Organisations adopting digital technologies are seeing alterations in the structure and nature of data they track and process. Within this landscape of change, accounting systems tend to focus on the collection and aggregation of financial transaction data and the provision of quantitative and non-financial information to support decision-making processes. Evidence is, however, emerging that accounting controls and financial reporting are being reshaped in digitalising environments. We consider a number of accounting issues tied to the intersection of digitalisation and organisational processes highlighting the control implications of these changes. We identify related research possibilities and discuss the value of methodological pluralism in studying accounting in digitalising contexts.
采用数字技术的组织正在看到他们跟踪和处理的数据的结构和性质的变化。在这种变化的情况下,会计系统往往侧重于收集和汇总金融交易数据,并提供定量和非财务信息,以支持决策过程。然而,越来越多的证据表明,会计控制和财务报告正在数字化环境中重塑。我们考虑了与数字化和组织流程交叉相关的一些会计问题,强调了这些变化对控制的影响。我们确定了相关的研究可能性,并讨论了方法多元化在研究数字化背景下的会计方面的价值。
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引用次数: 0
A networked perspective on NGO accountability in the digital realm 数字领域中非政府组织问责的网络化视角
Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101740
Amanda Acintya, Galina Goncharenko, Susan Smith, Sumohon Matilal
Drawing on Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and the concept of translation (Callon, 1984), this study examines the construction of accountability, which revolves around the interactions between a non-governmental organisation (NGO) and its stakeholder groups. As NGOs were forced to alter their modus operandi to survive the COVID-19 pandemic while maintaining accountability, we set an ethnographic field study in an Indonesian NGO to follow its digitalisation journey. Our findings offer an insight into heterogeneous and intricate processes of NGO accountability construction, supported by digitalisation, predicated upon the various organisational actors in the NGO network. Our findings reveal how each actor rationalises distinct mechanisms, driven by the urgency and unpredictability of evolving conditions, and these actions together collectively shape the construction of the NGO's accountability. Our study demonstrates that the construction of NGO accountability extends beyond the traditional view of a dyadic and closed relationship between an NGO and its stakeholder groups but emerges from the networked interactions and relationships among a diverse array of stakeholders; thus, it underscores the layered and interconnected nature of accountability. Furthermore, by uncovering the social dynamics underpinning technology use, this study offers valuable insights into accountability technologies, particularly in response to extraordinary situations.
利用行动者网络理论(ANT)和翻译的概念(Callon, 1984),本研究探讨了问责制的构建,它围绕非政府组织(NGO)与其利益相关者群体之间的互动展开。由于非政府组织被迫改变其运作方式,以在COVID-19大流行中生存下来,同时保持问责制,我们在印度尼西亚的一家非政府组织开展了一项民族志实地研究,以跟踪其数字化之旅。我们的研究结果提供了对基于非政府组织网络中各种组织参与者的数字化支持下的非政府组织问责制构建的异质和复杂过程的洞察。我们的研究结果揭示了在不断变化的环境的紧迫性和不可预测性的驱动下,每个参与者如何使不同的机制合理化,这些行动共同塑造了非政府组织问责制的构建。我们的研究表明,非政府组织问责制的构建超越了非政府组织与其利益相关者群体之间二元和密切关系的传统观点,而是从各种利益相关者之间的网络互动和关系中浮现出来的;因此,它强调了问责制的分层和相互联系的性质。此外,通过揭示支持技术使用的社会动态,本研究为问责技术提供了有价值的见解,特别是在应对特殊情况时。
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引用次数: 0
Management Control for Nature: Beyond Net-Zero and Nature-Positive 对自然的管理控制:超越净零和自然积极
Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101739
Elena Giovannoni, Christian Huber
‘Net-Zero’ and ‘Nature-Positive’ are two compelling global goals for Nature. But what is the nature of Nature, and what should a Management Control system for Nature look like? We discuss these questions by commenting on the extant accounting literature on global goals for Nature and accounting's contribution to achieving them. We start with a reflection on the idea of ‘Zero’ both as a number and an abstraction offering infinite possible combinations in a simultaneously negative and positive world, and we comment on the role of accounting numbers and calculations in relation to Nature – not only as an ecosystem of interconnected elements, ultimately leading to Net-Zero or Nature-Positive outcomes, but also in its more mysterious and enchanting traits, as part of a ‘more than human’ world. We outline four possible areas of enquiry for Management Control scholars, looking into the tensions between measurement precision and intervention; micro and macro objects or spaces of intervention; positive and negative interventions ultimately leading to Net-Zero and Nature-Positive; rigorously estimated projections and imaginative Management Control. We call for accounting scholars to start new enquiries into these areas, moving beyond a concern about how to calculate, and instead shifting the focus towards embracing a more Nature-based, future-oriented, maybe even imaginative and ‘more than human’, approach to Management Control for Nature.
“净零”和“自然积极”是大自然的两个引人注目的全球目标。但是,自然的本质是什么?自然的管理控制系统应该是什么样的?我们通过评论现有的关于自然全球目标的会计文献和会计对实现这些目标的贡献来讨论这些问题。我们首先反思“零”既是一个数字,也是一个抽象概念,在同时消极和积极的世界中提供无限可能的组合,我们评论了与自然相关的会计数字和计算的作用-不仅作为相互关联的元素的生态系统,最终导致净零或自然积极的结果,而且在其更神秘和迷人的特征中,作为“超越人类”世界的一部分。我们为管理控制学者概述了四个可能的调查领域,研究测量精度和干预之间的紧张关系;微观和宏观对象或干预空间;积极和消极干预最终导致净零和自然积极;严格估计的预测和富有想象力的管理控制。我们呼吁会计学者开始对这些领域进行新的研究,超越对如何计算的关注,转而将重点转向拥抱一种更基于自然、面向未来、甚至可能更具想象力和“超越人类”的自然管理控制方法。
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引用次数: 0
Urban social housing in Brazil, forced removals at Campos Elíseos, and Accounting: A framing through Milton Santos 巴西的城市社会住房,坎波斯Elíseos的强制拆迁,以及会计:通过米尔顿·桑托斯的框架
Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101737
Thauan Carvalho, Fernanda Sauerbronn, Jim Haslam, Mercy Denedo
This study explores the financialisation of housing policy in Brazil with focus on how accounting practices facilitated this, including forced removals in Campos Elíseos, São Paulo, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Santos’ Two Circuits Theory, the study explores how financialisation reinforces socio-spatial inequalities by displacing marginalised communities under the guise of urban development. Drawing from archival records, policy documents, and social movement reports, the study employs Situational Analysis to map out the complex dynamics of urban interventions and forced removals. The study reveals that under the guise of urban revitalisation, local elites and financial actors exploited the pandemic to accelerate forced evictions, disregarding court injunctions and legal protections. Accounting practices were utilised in legitimising neoliberal policies, which framed access to housing as a commodity rather than as a right. The findings indicate that financialisation benefits the upper urban circuit and exacerbates inequality in the lower circuit, displacing vulnerable residents without adequate housing provisions. Nascent counter accounting is indicated. The study calls for re-evaluation of housing policies, prioritising public accountability and social justice, and advocates for more counter accounting challenging the neoliberal housing model.
本研究探讨了巴西住房政策的金融化,重点关注会计实践如何促进这一进程,包括在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,圣保罗州坎波斯Elíseos的强制拆迁。利用桑托斯的“两个循环理论”,该研究探讨了金融化如何在城市发展的幌子下取代边缘化社区,从而加剧了社会空间不平等。根据档案记录、政策文件和社会运动报告,本研究采用情境分析的方法,描绘出城市干预和强迫搬迁的复杂动态。该研究表明,在城市振兴的幌子下,地方精英和金融行为者利用疫情加速强制驱逐,无视法院禁令和法律保护。会计实践被用来使新自由主义政策合法化,这些政策将获得住房视为一种商品,而不是一种权利。研究结果表明,金融化有利于上层城市,加剧了下层城市的不平等,使没有足够住房供应的弱势居民流离失所。指出了新兴的柜台会计。该研究呼吁重新评估住房政策,优先考虑公共责任和社会正义,并倡导更多的反会计挑战新自由主义住房模式。
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引用次数: 0
Auditor Distraction: An Unintended Consequence of M&As* 审计师分心:并购的意外后果*
Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101703
Ying Dou, Emma Jincheng Zhang
We find that Mergers and Acquisitions (hereafter M&As) can cause severe distractions for audit teams of the acquirers. Distracted audit teams cause delays in the filings of annual financial reports by their other clients and are 4% more likely to lose those clients. Clients of distracted auditors exhibit lower audit quality, evidenced by higher chances of financial misstatements and shareholder class action lawsuits due to misstatement or misrepresentation of material information. The market reacts negatively to auditor distractions, suggesting a significant shareholder wealth impact. Our paper identifies a channel for M&As to create an adverse impact on firms that merely share the same auditor with the acquirer firms.
我们发现并购(以下简称并购)会给并购方的审计团队带来严重的干扰。分散注意力的审计团队会导致其他客户在提交年度财务报告时出现延误,因此失去这些客户的可能性要高出4%。分心的审计师的客户表现出较低的审计质量,这可以从更高的财务错报和股东集体诉讼的可能性中得到证明,这是由于重大信息的错报或虚假陈述。市场对审计师的分心反应消极,表明股东财富受到重大影响。我们的论文确定了并购对仅与收购方共用同一家审计师的公司产生不利影响的渠道。
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引用次数: 0
Mandatory ESG Reporting and Cross-Listing Activities: Worldwide Evidence 强制性ESG报告和交叉上市活动:全球证据
Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101706
Xiaoqi Chen, Zhifang Chen, Wouter Torsin, Albert Tsang, Xiao Zeng
Using a large international dataset, this study documents that the country-level adoption of mandatory ESG reporting requirement facilitates domestic firms’ cross-listing activities. Cross-sectional analyses reveal that this effect is more pronounced for opaque firms, those with a higher dependence on external financing, those with higher ex-ante agency costs, and for firms headquartered in home countries with a weak legal environment. Results of additional analyses reveal that firms are more likely to cross-list to countries that also have an active ESG mandate in place, countries where domestic firms have a higher ESG performance, and in developed capital markets. We further find that cross-listing firms are likely to attract a greater number of institutional investors and reduce their cost of debt after post-ESG mandate cross-listing. Finally, we document a heightened response for firms with pre-mandate voluntary ESG disclosures and a weaker response when the mandate is non-government issued.
本研究使用大型国际数据集,证明国家层面采用强制性ESG报告要求促进了国内公司的交叉上市活动。横断面分析显示,对于不透明的公司、对外部融资依赖程度较高的公司、事前代理成本较高的公司以及总部设在本国法律环境薄弱的公司,这种影响更为明显。进一步分析的结果显示,企业更有可能在具有积极ESG授权的国家、国内企业ESG绩效较高的国家以及发达资本市场的国家交叉上市。我们进一步发现,在esg授权后交叉上市的公司可能会吸引更多的机构投资者,并降低其债务成本。最后,我们发现,授权前自愿披露ESG信息的公司反应强烈,而授权由非政府机构发布的公司反应较弱。
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引用次数: 0
ESG CONTROVERSIES AND EXTERNAL ASSURANCE: EXAMINING THEIR IMPACT ON FIRM VALUE AND IMAGE Esg争议与外部鉴证:考察它们对公司价值和形象的影响
Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101704
Isabel-María García-Sánchez, Nazim Hussain, Cristina Aibar-Guzmán, Beatriz Aibar-Guzmán
Controversies, news about inappropriate corporate behaviour from an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) perspective, published in the media, put companies in a delicate situation and represent a reputational risk that can have a negative impact on firm value. In this paper, we analyse whether and under what conditions this type of negative news leads to business decisions aimed at ensuring stakeholder confidence, such as engaging assurance services for ESG information, and we determine the impact that this decision may have on the image and value of publicly questioned companies. The results obtained for a sample of 1,149 multinational companies, of which 888 have engaged external assurance, show that controversies have favoured this decision, which improves the reputation, stakeholder engagement and market value of companies, being slightly affected by negative news about corporate actions related to customers, shareholders and investors, and employees.
从环境、社会和治理(ESG)的角度来看,媒体发表的关于企业不当行为的争议性新闻,使企业处于微妙的境地,并代表着可能对企业价值产生负面影响的声誉风险。在本文中,我们分析了这种类型的负面新闻是否以及在什么条件下导致旨在确保利益相关者信心的商业决策,例如为ESG信息提供保证服务,我们确定了这一决策可能对公众质疑公司的形象和价值产生的影响。对1149家跨国公司样本(其中888家从事外部鉴证)的结果表明,争议有利于这一决定,这提高了公司的声誉、利益相关者的参与和市场价值,受到与客户、股东和投资者以及员工相关的企业行为的负面新闻的轻微影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Interconnection between Net Buying Pressures in Derivatives and Spot Markets 衍生品和现货市场净购买压力之间的相互关系
Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101702
Bao Doan, Duc Hong Vo
We investigate the interconnection between net buying pressure, proxied by the order imbalance, in derivatives, including futures and options, and spot markets. This study focuses on two main types of cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and Ethereum, using the hourly data from January 2019 to December 2022. We find that the order imbalance in the spot or futures market improves the return and volatility predictive powers of order imbalance in the options market and vice versa, depending on option moneyness and cryptocurrency. The cross-market impact results are consistent with the intraday pattern of high liquidity-more informative price in underlying market and driven by the market sentiments.
我们研究了净买入压力之间的相互关系,以订单不平衡为代表,在衍生品,包括期货和期权,和现货市场。本研究重点关注两种主要类型的加密货币,比特币和以太坊,使用2019年1月至2022年12月的每小时数据。我们发现现货或期货市场的订单不平衡提高了期权市场订单不平衡的收益和波动率预测能力,反之亦然,这取决于期权的货币性和加密货币。跨市场影响结果与高流动性的盘中模式一致-基础市场价格更具信息性并受市场情绪驱动。
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引用次数: 0
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The British Accounting Review
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