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Krylov Expressivity in Quantum Reservoir Computing and Quantum Extreme Learning 量子存储计算和量子极限学习中的克雷洛夫表达式
Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: arxiv-2409.12079
Saud Čindrak, Lina Jaurigue, Kathy Lüdge
Quantum machine learning utilizes the high-dimensional space of quantumsystems, attracting significant research interest. This study employs Krylovcomplexity to analyze task performance in quantum machine learning. Wecalculate the spread complexity and effective dimension of the Krylov space,introducing the effective dimension as an easy-to-compute, measurable, andupper-bounded expressivity measure. Our analysis covers quantum reservoircomputers and quantum extreme learning machines, showing that increasingeffective dimension correlates with improved performance. We validate this withthe Lorenz cross-prediction task, observing reduced error with higher effectivedimensions. Lastly, we compare the spread complexity, the effective dimension,and the fidelity as expressivity measures and show that fidelity is notsuitable, while spread complexity can qualitatively explain task performance.Only the effective dimension captures the phase space accurately and exhibitsthe same saturation as task performance for similar evolution times.
量子机器学习利用量子系统的高维空间,吸引了大量研究兴趣。本研究利用克雷洛夫复杂性分析量子机器学习中的任务性能。我们计算了克雷洛夫空间的扩散复杂度和有效维度,并引入有效维度作为一种易于计算、可测量和上界表达度量。我们的分析涵盖了量子储备计算机和量子极端学习机,表明有效维度的增加与性能的提高相关。我们用洛伦兹交叉预测任务验证了这一点,发现有效维度越高,错误越少。最后,我们比较了作为表达度量的扩展复杂度、有效维度和保真度,结果表明保真度并不合适,而扩展复杂度可以定性地解释任务性能。
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引用次数: 0
Quantum jumps in amplitude bistability: tracking a coherent and invertible state localization 振幅双稳态中的量子跃迁:追踪相干和可逆的状态定位
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.11260
Th. K. Mavrogordatos
We investigate the nature of quantum jumps occurring between macroscopicmetastable states of light in the open driven Jaynes-Cummings model. We findthat, in the limit of zero spontaneous emission considered in [H. J.Carmichael, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031028 (2015)], the jumps from a high-photon stateto the vacuum state entail two stages. The first part is coherent and modelledby the localization of a state superposition, in the example of anull-measurement record predicted by quantum trajectory theory. The underlyingevolution is mediated by an unstable state (which often splits to a complex ofstates), identified by the conditioned density matrix and the correspondingquasiprobability distribution of the cavity field. The unstable statesubsequently decays to the vacuum to complete the jump. Coherence in thelocalization allows for inverting the null-measurement photon average about itsinitial value, to account for the full switch which typically lasts a smallfraction of the cavity lifetime. This mechanism is contrasted to the jumpsleading from the vacuum to the high-photon state in the bistable signal.Spontaneous emission degrades coherence in the localization, and prolongs thejumps.
我们研究了开放驱动杰恩斯-康明斯模型中光的宏观可变态之间发生的量子跃迁的性质。我们发现,在[H. J. Carmichael, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031028 (2015)]中考虑的零自发辐射极限下,从高光子态到真空态的跃迁包含两个阶段。第一部分是相干的,以量子轨迹理论预测的空测量记录为例,以状态叠加的局部化为模型。底层演化由不稳定态(通常分裂为复合态)介导,不稳定态由条件密度矩阵和相应的空腔场等概率分布确定。不稳定态随后衰减到真空,完成跃迁。定位中的相干性允许将空测量光子平均值反转为初始值,以解释通常只占空腔寿命一小部分的完全切换。这种机制与双稳态信号中从真空到高光子态的跃迁形成鲜明对比。
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引用次数: 0
Crosscap states and duality of Ising field theory in two dimensions 二维伊辛场论的交叉态和对偶性
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.11046
Yueshui Zhang, Ying-Hai Wu, Lei Wang, Hong-Hao Tu
We propose two distinct crosscap states for the two-dimensional (2D) Isingfield theory. These two crosscap states, identifying Ising spins or dual spins(domain walls) at antipodal points, are shown to be related via theKramers-Wannier duality transformation. We derive their Majorana free fieldrepresentations and extend bosonization techniques to calculate correlationfunctions of the 2D Ising conformal field theory (CFT) with different crosscapboundaries. We further develop a conformal perturbation theory to calculate theKlein bottle entropy as a universal scaling function [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130,151602 (2023)] in the 2D Ising field theory. The formalism developed in thiswork is applicable to many other 2D CFTs perturbed by relevant operators.
我们为二维(2D)伊辛场理论提出了两种不同的交叉盖状态。通过克拉默-万尼尔对偶变换,我们证明了这两种交叉盖态通过对偶点识别伊辛自旋或双自旋(域壁)的关系。我们推导出它们的马约拉纳自由场表示,并扩展玻色子化技术来计算具有不同交叉帽边界的二维伊辛共形场论(CFT)的相关函数。我们进一步发展了共形扰动理论,以计算二维伊辛场论中作为普遍缩放函数的克莱因瓶熵[Phys.这项工作所建立的形式主义适用于许多其他被相关算子扰动的二维 CFT。
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引用次数: 0
A short trajectory is all you need: A transformer-based model for long-time dissipative quantum dynamics 短轨迹就是你所需要的:基于变压器的长时耗散量子动力学模型
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.11320
Luis E. Herrera Rodríguez, Alexei A. Kananenka
In this communication we demonstrate that a deep artificial neural networkbased on a transformer architecture with self-attention layers can predict thelong-time population dynamics of a quantum system coupled to a dissipativeenvironment provided that the short-time population dynamics of the system isknown. The transformer neural network model developed in this work predicts thelong-time dynamics of spin-boson model efficiently and very accurately acrossdifferent regimes, from weak system-bath coupling to strong couplingnon-Markovian regimes. Our model is more accurate than classical forecastingmodels, such as recurrent neural networks and is comparable to thestate-of-the-art models for simulating the dynamics of quantum dissipativesystems, based on kernel ridge regression.
在这篇论文中,我们证明了基于具有自注意层的变压器架构的深度人工神经网络可以预测与耗散环境耦合的量子系统的长时种群动态,前提是系统的短时种群动态是已知的。从弱系统-水浴耦合到强耦合-非马尔科夫状态,这项研究开发的变压器神经网络模型可以高效、准确地预测自旋玻色子模型的长时动态。我们的模型比经典预测模型(如递归神经网络)更精确,可与基于核岭回归的量子耗散系统动力学模拟的最新模型相媲美。
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引用次数: 0
A quantum protocol for applying arbitrary phase transformations 应用任意相变的量子协议
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.11020
Siavash Davani, Falk Eilenberger
Given an operator that produces the state$|phirangle=sumphi(x),|xrangle$, we propose a quantum protocol thattransforms any input state of the form $|psirangle=sumpsi(x),|xrangle$ to$|psi'rangle=sumpsi(x),e^{ialpha|phi(x)|^2},|xrangle$. This protocolis thus programmable in the sense that one can use it to apply different phaseprofiles $e^{ialpha|phi(x)|^2}$ by choosing different $|phirangle$ statesas the input parameter at each run. Therefore, the problem of applying phasesto a signal via a quantum computer is reduced to the problem of initializing astate $|phirangle$ that corresponds to the desired phase profile.Furthermore, we discuss possible applications of this protocol, mostimportantly in Hamiltonian simulation.
给定一个产生状态$|phirangle=sumphi(x),|xrangle$的算子、我们提出了一个量子协议,它可以将任何输入状态的形式$||psi/rangle=/sum/psi(x),|x/rangle$转换为$||psi'/rangle=/sum/psi(x),e^{i/alpha|/phi(x)|^2},|x/rangle$。因此,这个协议是可编程的,人们可以通过在每次运行时选择不同的 $|phirangle$ 状态作为输入参数,来应用不同的相位文件 $e^{ialpha|phi(x)|^2}$。因此,通过量子计算机将相位应用于信号的问题被简化为初始化与所需相位轮廓相对应的状态 $|phirangle$的问题。此外,我们还讨论了这一协议的可能应用,其中最重要的是在哈密尔顿模拟中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Harvesting magic from the vacuum 从真空中获取魔力
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.11473
Ron Nyström, Nicola Pranzini, Esko Keski-Vakkuri
Magic is the quantum resource allowing a quantum computer to performoperations that cannot be simulated efficiently by classical computation. Assuch, generating magic in a quantum system is crucial for achieving quantumadvantage. This letter shows that magic can be harvested by a three-levelUnruh-DeWitt detector (a qutrit) interacting with a quantum field in an initialvacuum state. While the idea of extracting resources from Quantum FieldTheories (QFT) was born from the harvesting of entanglement, our result extendsthe protocol to evolve a qutrit from a non-magical state to a magical one,making it possible to generate magic from QFT.
魔力是一种量子资源,它允许量子计算机执行经典计算无法有效模拟的操作。因此,在量子系统中产生魔力对于实现量子优势至关重要。这封信展示了可以通过一个与初始真空态量子场相互作用的三电平尤鲁-德维特探测器(量子场)来获取魔力。从量子场论(QFT)中提取资源的想法源于纠缠的收获,而我们的成果则扩展了协议,使量子场论从非魔法状态进化到魔法状态,从而有可能从量子场论中产生魔法。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamical topological phase transition in cold Rydberg quantum gases 冷雷德堡量子气体中的动态拓扑相变
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.11035
Jun Zhang, Ya-Jun Wang, Bang Liu, Li-Hua Zhang, Zheng-Yuan Zhang, Shi-Yao Shao, Qing Li, Han-Chao Chen, Yu Ma, Tian-Yu Han, Qi-Feng Wang, Jia-Dou Nan, Yi-Ming Yin, Dong-Yang Zhu, Bao-Sen Shi, Dong-Sheng Ding
Study of phase transitions provide insights into how a many-body systembehaves under different conditions, enabling us to understand the symmetrybreaking, critical phenomena, and topological properties. Strong long-rangeinteractions in highly excited Rydberg atoms create a versatile platform forexploring exotic emergent topological phases. Here, we report the experimentalobservation of dynamical topological phase transitions in cold Rydberg atomicgases under a microwave field driving. By measuring the system transmissioncurves while varying the probe intensity, we observe complex hysteresistrajectories characterized by distinct winding numbers as they cross thecritical point. At the transition state, where the winding number flips, thetopology of these hysteresis trajectories evolves into more non-trivialstructures. The topological trajectories are shown to be robust against noise,confirming their rigidity in dynamic conditions. These findings contribute tothe insights of emergence of complex dynamical topological phases in many-bodysystems.
对相变的研究能让我们深入了解多体系统在不同条件下的表现,使我们能够理解对称性破坏、临界现象和拓扑特性。高度激发的雷德贝格原子中的强长程相互作用为探索奇异的新兴拓扑相提供了一个多功能平台。在这里,我们报告了在微波场驱动下对冷雷德贝格原子气体中动态拓扑相变的实验观测。通过在改变探针强度的同时测量系统的传输曲线,我们观察到了复杂的滞后轨迹,这些轨迹在跨越临界点时具有不同的绕组数。在绕组数翻转的过渡状态,这些滞后轨迹的拓扑结构演变成更多的非三维结构。拓扑轨迹对噪声具有鲁棒性,证实了它们在动态条件下的刚性。这些发现有助于深入了解多体系统中复杂动态拓扑阶段的出现。
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引用次数: 0
Multipartite entanglement vs nonlocality for two families of $N$-qubit states N$ 量子比特两族的多方纠缠与非局域性
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.10888
Sanchit Srivastava, Shohini Ghose
Quantum states of multiple qubits can violate Bell-type inequalities whenthere is entanglement present between the qubits, indicating nonlocal behaviourof correlations. We analyze the relation between multipartite entanglement andgenuine multipartite nonlocality, characterized by Svetlichny inequalityviolations, for two families of $N-$qubit states. We show that for thegeneralized GHZ family of states, Svetlichny inequality is not violated whenthe $n-$tangle is less than $1/2$ for any number of qubits. On the other hand,the maximal slice states always violate the Svetlichny inequality when$n-$tangle is nonzero, and the violation increases monotonically with tanglewhen the number of qubits is even. Our work generalizes the relations betweentangle and Svetlichny inequality violation previously derived for three qubits.
当量子比特之间存在纠缠时,多个量子比特的量子态可能违反贝尔式不等式,这表明相关性的非局域行为。我们分析了两个 $N-$ 量子比特态系列的多比特纠缠与真正的多比特非局域性(以违反斯韦特里奇尼不等式为特征)之间的关系。我们的研究表明,对于广义 GHZ 状态族,当任何量子比特数的 $n-$tangle 小于 1/2$ 时,都不会违反斯维特里奇尼不等式。另一方面,当 n-$tangle 非零时,最大切片态总是违反斯维特里奇尼不等式,而且当量子比特数为偶数时,违反情况随 tangle 的增大而单调增加。我们的研究概括了之前针对三个量子比特得出的三角形与斯维特利希尼不等式违反之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Pauli spin blockade at room temperature in S/Zn-codoped silicon tunnel field effect transistors 室温下 S/Zn 掺杂硅隧道场效应晶体管中的保利自旋封锁
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.10881
Yoshisuke Ban, Kimihiko Kato, Shota Iizuka, Hiroshi Oka, Shigenori Murakami, Koji Ishibashi, Satoshi Moriyama, Takahiro Mori, Keiji Ono
Pauli spin blockade (PSB) has been used in fundamental studies on spins inquantum dots (QDs) and qubit readouts. The operating temperature of PSB islimited by that of QDs and remains below 10 K, limiting wide applicationdevelopment. Herein, we confirm that a single deep dopant in the channel of afield effect transistor functions as a room-temperature QD; consequently,transport through two different deep dopants exhibits PSB up to roomtemperature. The characteristic magnetoconductance provides a means to identifyPSB and enables the PSB device to function as a magnetic sensor with asensitivity of <20 uT. Liftings of PSB by magnetic resonance are also observedat low temperatures. This unique system is expected to realize room-temperaturequantum technologies based on silicon technology.
保利自旋封锁(PSB)已被用于量子点(QDs)和量子位读出中的自旋基础研究。保利自旋封锁的工作温度受限于量子点的工作温度,一直低于 10 K,限制了其广泛应用。在此,我们证实场效应晶体管沟道中的单个深掺杂剂具有室温 QD 的功能;因此,通过两种不同深掺杂剂的传输可在室温下显示 PSB。特征磁导提供了一种识别 PSB 的方法,并使 PSB 器件能够用作磁传感器,灵敏度小于 20 uT。在低温下也能通过磁共振观察到 PSB 的升降。这一独特的系统有望在硅技术的基础上实现室温量子技术。
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引用次数: 0
Several families of entanglement criteria for multipartite quantum systems based on generalized Wigner-Yanase skew information and variance 基于广义 Wigner-Yanase 偏斜信息和方差的多方量子系统纠缠标准的几个系列
Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: arxiv-2409.11273
Yan Hong, Xinlan Hao, Limin Gao
Quantum entanglement plays a critical role in many quantum applications, butdetecting entanglement, especially in multipartite or high-dimensional quantumsystems, remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose several families ofentanglement criteria for detecting entanglement in multipartite orhigh-dimensional quantum states using generalized Wigner-Yanase skewinformation and variance. We also reveal a complementary character between thecriteria based on generalized Wigner-Yanase skew information and an alternativeone based on variance through specific examples. We illustrate the merits ofthese criteria and show that the combination of the entanglement criteria has astronger detection capability, as it is capable of detecting entangled statesthat remain unrecognized by other criteria.
量子纠缠在许多量子应用中起着至关重要的作用,但检测纠缠,尤其是多方或高维量子系统中的纠缠,仍然是一项挑战。在本文中,我们提出了几组纠缠判据,利用广义维格纳-扬那斯偏态和方差来检测多方或高维量子态中的纠缠。我们还通过具体实例揭示了基于广义维格纳-延纳斯偏斜信息的标准与基于方差的标准之间的互补性。我们说明了这些标准的优点,并表明纠缠标准的组合具有更强的检测能力,因为它能够检测出其他标准无法识别的纠缠状态。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics
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