Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.24302417
Yashuang Li, Lin Yang, Dongmei Hao, Yu Chen, Bao Li, Youjun Liu, Yiyao Ye-Lin, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Guangfei Li
Background Alcohol misuse is associated with altered punishment and reward processing. Here, we investigated neural network responses to reward and punishment and the molecular profiles of the connectivity features predicting alcohol use severity in young adults.
{"title":"Functional networks of reward and punishment processing and their molecular profiles predicting the severity of young adult drinking","authors":"Yashuang Li, Lin Yang, Dongmei Hao, Yu Chen, Bao Li, Youjun Liu, Yiyao Ye-Lin, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Guangfei Li","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.06.24302417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.06.24302417","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Alcohol misuse is associated with altered punishment and reward processing. Here, we investigated neural network responses to reward and punishment and the molecular profiles of the connectivity features predicting alcohol use severity in young adults.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.24302075
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Wafa A Aldhaleei, Seongjin Kim
Background: Xylazine is an animal tranquilizer without approved medical use in humans that is increasingly being misused as an adulterant in illicit drugs. This study aimed to characterize national trends and adverse outcomes associated with the emerging misuse of xylazine using digital surveillance data. Methods: We examined online search trends and social media discussions related to xylazine misuse in the U.S. from 2019 to 2023 using Google Searches data and conducted Joinpoint regression to assess trends. We also examined social media attention using Almetric attention score and analyzed reports on xylazine in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) through September 2023 using logistic regression. Results: Our analysis revealed an overall increasing trend in online searches for XYLAZINE nationally, with an average monthly percentage change of 4.6% (95% CI: 3.9 to 5.1, P trend <0.001), indicating growing awareness. On social media, mentions of xylazine rose exponentially starting in late 2021. Analysis of the FAERS data identified 94 reports of adverse events related to xylazine, most of which involved men (70.2%), with a mean age of 36.5 (SD: 14.3) years. Alarmingly, these xylazine-linked adverse events had an 87.2% fatality rate, which increased over 40-fold with concurrent fentanyl use (reported OR: 40.5, 95% CI: 4.0 to 407.4, P = 0.002). Conclusions: These findings underscore the urgent need for greater public health awareness, harm reduction strategies, and enhanced surveillance targeting the worsening xylazine addiction and overdose crisis.
{"title":"Trends and Adverse Outcomes of Xylazine Misuse: A Digital Surveillance Study","authors":"Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Wafa A Aldhaleei, Seongjin Kim","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.31.24302075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.31.24302075","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Xylazine is an animal tranquilizer without approved medical use in humans that is increasingly being misused as an adulterant in illicit drugs. This study aimed to characterize national trends and adverse outcomes associated with the emerging misuse of xylazine using digital surveillance data.\u0000Methods: We examined online search trends and social media discussions related to xylazine misuse in the U.S. from 2019 to 2023 using Google Searches data and conducted Joinpoint regression to assess trends. We also examined social media attention using Almetric attention score and analyzed reports on xylazine in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) through September 2023 using logistic regression.\u0000Results: Our analysis revealed an overall increasing trend in online searches for XYLAZINE nationally, with an average monthly percentage change of 4.6% (95% CI: 3.9 to 5.1, P trend <0.001), indicating growing awareness. On social media, mentions of xylazine rose exponentially starting in late 2021. Analysis of the FAERS data identified 94 reports of adverse events related to xylazine, most of which involved men (70.2%), with a mean age of 36.5 (SD: 14.3) years. Alarmingly, these xylazine-linked adverse events had an 87.2% fatality rate, which increased over 40-fold with concurrent fentanyl use (reported OR: 40.5, 95% CI: 4.0 to 407.4, P = 0.002).\u0000Conclusions: These findings underscore the urgent need for greater public health awareness, harm reduction strategies, and enhanced surveillance targeting the worsening xylazine addiction and overdose crisis.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.24301555
Rachael K Ross, Edward V Nunes, Mark Olfson, Matisyahu Shulman, Noa Krawczyk, Elizabeth Stuart, Kara Rudolph
Aims: To compare the real-world effectiveness of extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine (SL-BUP) for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) Design: An observational active comparator, new user cohort study Setting: Medicaid claims records for patients in New Jersey and California, 2016-2019 Participants/Cases: Adult Medicaid patients aged 18-64 years who initiated XR-NTX or SL-BUP for maintenance treatment of OUD and did not use medications for OUD in the 90-days before initiation Comparators: New initiation with XR-NTX versus SL-BUP for the treatment of OUD Measurements: We examined two outcomes up to 180 days after medication initiation, 1) composite of medication discontinuation and death, and 2) composite of overdose and death Findings: Our cohort included 1,755 XR-NTX and 9,886 SL-BUP patients. In adjusted analyses, treatment with XR-NTX was more likely to result in discontinuation or death by the end of follow-up than treatment with SL-BUP: cumulative risk 76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75%, 78%) versus 62% (95% CI 61%, 63%), respectively (risk difference 14 percentage points, 95% CI 13, 16). There was minimal difference in the cumulative risk of overdose or death by the end of follow-up: XR-NTX 3.8% (95% CI 2.9%, 4.7%) versus SL-BUP 3.3% (95% 2.9%, 3.7%); risk difference 0.5 percentage points, 95% CI -0.5, 1.5. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Longer medication retention is important because risks of negative outcomes are elevated after discontinuation. Our results support selection of SL-BUP over XR-NTX. However, most patients discontinued medication by 6 months indicating that more effective tools are needed to improve medication retention, particularly after initiation with XR-NTX, and to identify which patients do best on which medication.
{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of extended release naltrexone and sublingual buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder among Medicaid patients","authors":"Rachael K Ross, Edward V Nunes, Mark Olfson, Matisyahu Shulman, Noa Krawczyk, Elizabeth Stuart, Kara Rudolph","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.24.24301555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.24.24301555","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To compare the real-world effectiveness of extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine (SL-BUP) for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) Design: An observational active comparator, new user cohort study Setting: Medicaid claims records for patients in New Jersey and California, 2016-2019 Participants/Cases: Adult Medicaid patients aged 18-64 years who initiated XR-NTX or SL-BUP for maintenance treatment of OUD and did not use medications for OUD in the 90-days before initiation Comparators: New initiation with XR-NTX versus SL-BUP for the treatment of OUD Measurements: We examined two outcomes up to 180 days after medication initiation, 1) composite of medication discontinuation and death, and 2) composite of overdose and death Findings: Our cohort included 1,755 XR-NTX and 9,886 SL-BUP patients. In adjusted analyses, treatment with XR-NTX was more likely to result in discontinuation or death by the end of follow-up than treatment with SL-BUP: cumulative risk 76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75%, 78%) versus 62% (95% CI 61%, 63%), respectively (risk difference 14 percentage points, 95% CI 13, 16). There was minimal difference in the cumulative risk of overdose or death by the end of follow-up: XR-NTX 3.8% (95% CI 2.9%, 4.7%) versus SL-BUP 3.3% (95% 2.9%, 3.7%); risk difference 0.5 percentage points, 95% CI -0.5, 1.5. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Longer medication retention is important because risks of negative outcomes are elevated after discontinuation. Our results support selection of SL-BUP over XR-NTX. However, most patients discontinued medication by 6 months indicating that more effective tools are needed to improve medication retention, particularly after initiation with XR-NTX, and to identify which patients do best on which medication.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139551653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.23300238
Julie D. White, Melyssa S. Minto, Caryn Willis, Bryan C. Quach, Shizhong Han, Ran Tao, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Lea Zillich, Shaunna L. Clark, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord, Thomas M. Hyde, R. Dayne Mayfield, Bradley T. Webb, Eric O. Johnson, Joel E. Kleinman, Laura J. Bierut, Dana B. Hancock
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a profound public health impact. However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of AUD remain limited. Here, we interrogate AUD-associated DNA methylation (DNAm) changes within and across addiction-relevant brain regions: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
背景 酒精使用障碍（AUD）对公共健康有着深远的影响。然而，人们对 AUD 发生和发展的分子机制的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们研究了成瘾相关脑区（即伏隔核（NAc）和背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC））内和之间与 AUD 相关的 DNA 甲基化（DNAm）变化。
{"title":"Alcohol Use Disorder-Associated DNA Methylation in the Nucleus Accumbens and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex","authors":"Julie D. White, Melyssa S. Minto, Caryn Willis, Bryan C. Quach, Shizhong Han, Ran Tao, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Lea Zillich, Shaunna L. Clark, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord, Thomas M. Hyde, R. Dayne Mayfield, Bradley T. Webb, Eric O. Johnson, Joel E. Kleinman, Laura J. Bierut, Dana B. Hancock","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.17.23300238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.17.23300238","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a profound public health impact. However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of AUD remain limited. Here, we interrogate AUD-associated DNA methylation (DNAm) changes within and across addiction-relevant brain regions: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The use of psychoactive substances is a major global public health problem. People aged 15-24 years are more likely to abuse psychoactive substances than the general population. Substances use among youth, especially students in higher education is increasing rapidly worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of substances use among university students and to describe their behavioral profiles. Methods: An institutional-based descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2023 at the Yaounde 1 University in Cameroon. A convenience non probabilistic sampling method were used to recruit consenting students. The data collectors were medical students who were trained for 2 days and given appropriate instructions before the survey. The data collected were reviewed and checked for completeness before being entered. All data were coded and entered into Microsoft Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics were performed using R Statistics 4.3.1. Qualitative data were collected from all participants through interviews. Results: A total of 191 university students were enrolled in the study. The median age was 20 years. They were predominantly male (66.5%) and aged between 20-25. The prevalence of substance use was 66% for alcohol consumption, 33.5% for smoking habits and 26.7% for drug use. The main motivations for substance use were companionship, thrill-seeking and curiosity. More than a third of students were polysubstance users (35.1%). Most participants were aware of the academic consequence (85.9%) and almost all (93.7%) acknowledged the physical and psycho-social consequences of substance use. Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychoactive substance use among university students. Therefore, effective campus-based counseling, peer education, and national surveillance systems that can monitor risky behaviors among university students should be implemented.
{"title":"Prevalence of Substance Use and related Behaviors among Tertiary Students: A Cross-sectional Survey in Yaounde, Cameroon","authors":"Michel Franck Edzamba, Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo Cheuyem, Adidja Amani, Tatiana Mossus","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.09.24301042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.09.24301042","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of psychoactive substances is a major global public health problem. People aged 15-24 years are more likely to abuse psychoactive substances than the general population. Substances use among youth, especially students in higher education is increasing rapidly worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of substances use among university students and to describe their behavioral profiles.\u0000Methods: An institutional-based descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2023 at the Yaounde 1 University in Cameroon. A convenience non probabilistic sampling method were used to recruit consenting students. The data collectors were medical students who were trained for 2 days and given appropriate instructions before the survey. The data collected were reviewed and checked for completeness before being entered. All data were coded and entered into Microsoft Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics were performed using R Statistics 4.3.1. Qualitative data were collected from all participants through interviews.\u0000Results: A total of 191 university students were enrolled in the study. The median age was 20 years. They were predominantly male (66.5%) and aged between 20-25. The prevalence of substance use was 66% for alcohol consumption, 33.5% for smoking habits and 26.7% for drug use. The main motivations for substance use were companionship, thrill-seeking and curiosity. More than a third of students were polysubstance users (35.1%). Most participants were aware of the academic consequence (85.9%) and almost all (93.7%) acknowledged the physical and psycho-social consequences of substance use.\u0000Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychoactive substance use among university students. Therefore, effective campus-based counseling, peer education, and national surveillance systems that can monitor risky behaviors among university students should be implemented.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139423928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.23300217
Rami Jabakhanji, Freesia Tokunaga, Gaelle Rached, Andrew David Vigotsky, James W Griffith, Thomas Schnitzer, A Vania Apkarian
The chronic pain and opioid addiction epidemics interact with each other, potentially exacerbating each respective condition. Despite having modest efficacy, millions of chronic pain patients in the USA continue to use opioids as their primary source of pain management. The Centers for Disease Control recommends opioid tapering to diminish the risk of opioid dependence in chronic pain patients. However, tapering, even with physician oversight, can introduce additional harm. Thus, many pain clinicians remain ambivalent about undertaking opioid tapering. Here, we surveyed attitudes on the topic from the viewpoint of chronic pain patients who have been consuming opioids over long duration. We queried 127 chronic pain patients (pain duration = 13.5 +/- 9.6 years) on long-term opioids (10.3 +/- 8.2 years), primarily consuming hydrocodone or oxycodone. Sixty-six percent of participants were ″very″ or ″extremely″ interested in participating in an opioid tapering study. Patients emphasized the importance of controlling their pain during opioid tapering, and over 50% were also worried about craving symptoms. Both the desire for tapering and the worry of pain control were more pronounced in participants with a higher magnitude of ongoing back pain. The study demonstrates that most chronic pain patients using opioids are interested in decreasing opioid consumption. Yet, they worry about losing control of their chronic pain. These results imply patient-physician strategies that may aid the engagement of both parties in opioid tapering.
{"title":"Attitudes of chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy toward opioid tapering.","authors":"Rami Jabakhanji, Freesia Tokunaga, Gaelle Rached, Andrew David Vigotsky, James W Griffith, Thomas Schnitzer, A Vania Apkarian","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.19.23300217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.19.23300217","url":null,"abstract":"The chronic pain and opioid addiction epidemics interact with each other, potentially exacerbating each respective condition. Despite having modest efficacy, millions of chronic pain patients in the USA continue to use opioids as their primary source of pain management. The Centers for Disease Control recommends opioid tapering to diminish the risk of opioid dependence in chronic pain patients. However, tapering, even with physician oversight, can introduce additional harm. Thus, many pain clinicians remain ambivalent about undertaking opioid tapering. Here, we surveyed attitudes on the topic from the viewpoint of chronic pain patients who have been consuming opioids over long duration. We queried 127 chronic pain patients (pain duration = 13.5 +/- 9.6 years) on long-term opioids (10.3 +/- 8.2 years), primarily consuming hydrocodone or oxycodone. Sixty-six percent of participants were ″very″ or ″extremely″ interested in participating in an opioid tapering study. Patients emphasized the importance of controlling their pain during opioid tapering, and over 50% were also worried about craving symptoms. Both the desire for tapering and the worry of pain control were more pronounced in participants with a higher magnitude of ongoing back pain. The study demonstrates that most chronic pain patients using opioids are interested in decreasing opioid consumption. Yet, they worry about losing control of their chronic pain. These results imply patient-physician strategies that may aid the engagement of both parties in opioid tapering.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-17DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.23300034
Wei Li, Ying Xia, Jing Yang, Arun J. Sanyal, Vijay H. Shah, Naga P. Chalasani, Qigui Yu
Background Chronic excessive alcohol consumption leads to a spectrum of alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALD), including alcoholic hepatitis (AH). AH is characterized by intense systemic and liver inflammation, posing significant risks of health complications and mortality. While inflammation is a crucial defense mechanism against injury and infection, its timely resolution is essential to prevent tissue damage and restore tissue homeostasis. The resolution of inflammation is an actively regulated process, primarily governed by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), lipid metabolites derived from ω-6 and ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We investigated the balance between pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PLMs) and SPMs in the ω-6 and ω-3 PUFA metabolic pathways and examined the impact of alcohol abstinence on rectifying the dysregulated biosynthesis of PLMs and SPMs in AH patients.
{"title":"Disrupted balance between pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and anti-inflammatory specialized pro-resolving mediators is linked to hyperinflammation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","authors":"Wei Li, Ying Xia, Jing Yang, Arun J. Sanyal, Vijay H. Shah, Naga P. Chalasani, Qigui Yu","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.15.23300034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.15.23300034","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Chronic excessive alcohol consumption leads to a spectrum of alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALD), including alcoholic hepatitis (AH). AH is characterized by intense systemic and liver inflammation, posing significant risks of health complications and mortality. While inflammation is a crucial defense mechanism against injury and infection, its timely resolution is essential to prevent tissue damage and restore tissue homeostasis. The resolution of inflammation is an actively regulated process, primarily governed by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), lipid metabolites derived from ω-6 and ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We investigated the balance between pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PLMs) and SPMs in the ω-6 and ω-3 PUFA metabolic pathways and examined the impact of alcohol abstinence on rectifying the dysregulated biosynthesis of PLMs and SPMs in AH patients.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-17DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.23300036
Andrew S Hyatt, Michael William Flores, Benjamin Lê Cooke
Aims Estimate trends in levels of cannabis use among adults with and without serious psychological distress (SPD) in the United States from 2009-2019, and to ascertain whether cannabis use among individuals with SPD was associated with inpatient psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient mental health care.
{"title":"Disproportionate increase in cannabis use among individuals with serious psychological distress and association with psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient service use in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2009-2019","authors":"Andrew S Hyatt, Michael William Flores, Benjamin Lê Cooke","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.15.23300036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.15.23300036","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Aims</strong> Estimate trends in levels of cannabis use among adults with and without serious psychological distress (SPD) in the United States from 2009-2019, and to ascertain whether cannabis use among individuals with SPD was associated with inpatient psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient mental health care.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.23299824
Evan J. Kyzar, Melissa Arbuckle, Adam Abba-Aji, Krishna Balachandra, Joseph Cooper, Adriane Dela Cruz, Ellen Edens, Brady Heward, Michael Jibson, Ayana Jordan, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Hannah Pazderka, Mohit Singh, Jeremy Weleff, Bernice Yau, Justin Young, David A. Ross, National Neuroscience Curriculum Initiative (NNCI)
Opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose deaths are a public health crisis. One contributing factor is stigma towards people who use opioids. We developed and conducted a public-facing, half-day educational event designed to challenge misperceptions about OUD from a contemporary neuroscience perspective. Participants engaged with three different resources on the neurobiology of addiction; at the end of the event, they rated its effectiveness. We also collected and compared pre- and post-event composite OUD stigma scales. Participants rated our approach and the overall event as highly effective. Additionally, OUD stigma scores were lower immediately following the event, and this decrease was primarily driven by decreased internalized stigma. Here, we demonstrate an effective proof-of-concept that an accessible, public-facing, neuroscience education event may reduce OUD stigma in the community.
{"title":"Leveraging neuroscience education to address stigma related to opioid use disorder (OUD) in the community: A pilot study","authors":"Evan J. Kyzar, Melissa Arbuckle, Adam Abba-Aji, Krishna Balachandra, Joseph Cooper, Adriane Dela Cruz, Ellen Edens, Brady Heward, Michael Jibson, Ayana Jordan, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Hannah Pazderka, Mohit Singh, Jeremy Weleff, Bernice Yau, Justin Young, David A. Ross, National Neuroscience Curriculum Initiative (NNCI)","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.11.23299824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.11.23299824","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose deaths are a public health crisis. One contributing factor is stigma towards people who use opioids. We developed and conducted a public-facing, half-day educational event designed to challenge misperceptions about OUD from a contemporary neuroscience perspective. Participants engaged with three different resources on the neurobiology of addiction; at the end of the event, they rated its effectiveness. We also collected and compared pre- and post-event composite OUD stigma scales. Participants rated our approach and the overall event as highly effective. Additionally, OUD stigma scores were lower immediately following the event, and this decrease was primarily driven by decreased internalized stigma. Here, we demonstrate an effective proof-of-concept that an accessible, public-facing, neuroscience education event may reduce OUD stigma in the community.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives Substance use disorder has been associated with increased morbidity in COVID-19 infection. However, less is known about the impact of active substance use and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on COVID-19 outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of substance use, namely cannabis, cocaine, alcohol, sedative and opioid use as well as buprenorphine or methadone = on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Effects of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Substance-Use on COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality","authors":"Nicholaus Christian, Xin Zhou, Rajiv Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1101/2023.11.24.23298995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23298995","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objectives</strong> Substance use disorder has been associated with increased morbidity in COVID-19 infection. However, less is known about the impact of active substance use and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on COVID-19 outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of substance use, namely cannabis, cocaine, alcohol, sedative and opioid use as well as buprenorphine or methadone = on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":501282,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Addiction Medicine","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138522288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：