Carlo Scarcia, Giuseppe Bregliozzi, Paolo Chiggiato, Alice Ingrid Michet, Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla, Martino Rimoldi, Mauro Taborelli, Ivo Wevers
Next-generation gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) like the Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope require extensive vacuum tubing, necessitating cost-effective materials. This study explores the viability of mild steel as an alternative to austenitic stainless steel for UHV beampipes, focusing on outgassing rates and surface chemistry after low-temperature bakeouts. Mild steels exhibit significantly lower hydrogen outgassing rates, below 10$^{-14}$ mbar l s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ after bakeouts at 80{deg}C for 48 hours. While water vapor is the primary residual gas after such low-temperature bakeouts, repeated treatments reduce its outgassing rate and modify surface conditions so that such benefit is preserved after at least six months of exposure to laboratory air. These findings position mild steel as an economical and efficient material for future GWD beampipes.
{"title":"Study of selected mild steels for application in vacuum systems of future gravitational wave detectors","authors":"Carlo Scarcia, Giuseppe Bregliozzi, Paolo Chiggiato, Alice Ingrid Michet, Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla, Martino Rimoldi, Mauro Taborelli, Ivo Wevers","doi":"arxiv-2406.07123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.07123","url":null,"abstract":"Next-generation gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) like the Cosmic Explorer\u0000and Einstein Telescope require extensive vacuum tubing, necessitating\u0000cost-effective materials. This study explores the viability of mild steel as an\u0000alternative to austenitic stainless steel for UHV beampipes, focusing on\u0000outgassing rates and surface chemistry after low-temperature bakeouts. Mild\u0000steels exhibit significantly lower hydrogen outgassing rates, below 10$^{-14}$\u0000mbar l s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ after bakeouts at 80{deg}C for 48 hours. While water\u0000vapor is the primary residual gas after such low-temperature bakeouts, repeated\u0000treatments reduce its outgassing rate and modify surface conditions so that\u0000such benefit is preserved after at least six months of exposure to laboratory\u0000air. These findings position mild steel as an economical and efficient material\u0000for future GWD beampipes.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingxi Ye, Peng Sha, Zhenghui Mi, Feisi He, Jiyuan Zhai
Hundreds of 650 MHz superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities with high intrinsic quality factor (Q0) and accelerating gradient (Eacc) will be adopted for Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). The values of Q0 and Eacc are obtained during vertical test at 2.0 K. Hence, high accuracy of vertical test is essential for evaluating the performance of SRF cavity. The 650 MHz SRF cavities achieved very high Q0 (6E10) and Eacc (40 MV/m) during the vertical test. In our study, the error analysis of vertical test was conducted in the scalar case, in order to achieve high accuracy. The uncertainties of vertical test were obtained through calculation, which was approximately 3% for Eacc and less than 5% for Q0. This result was reasonable and acceptable.
{"title":"Error analysis of vertical test for CEPC 650 MHz superconducting radio-frequency cavity","authors":"Lingxi Ye, Peng Sha, Zhenghui Mi, Feisi He, Jiyuan Zhai","doi":"arxiv-2406.05715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.05715","url":null,"abstract":"Hundreds of 650 MHz superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities with high\u0000intrinsic quality factor (Q0) and accelerating gradient (Eacc) will be adopted\u0000for Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). The values of Q0 and Eacc are\u0000obtained during vertical test at 2.0 K. Hence, high accuracy of vertical test\u0000is essential for evaluating the performance of SRF cavity. The 650 MHz SRF\u0000cavities achieved very high Q0 (6E10) and Eacc (40 MV/m) during the vertical\u0000test. In our study, the error analysis of vertical test was conducted in the\u0000scalar case, in order to achieve high accuracy. The uncertainties of vertical\u0000test were obtained through calculation, which was approximately 3% for Eacc and\u0000less than 5% for Q0. This result was reasonable and acceptable.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141526856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Antipov, I. Agapov, R. Brinkmann, Á. Ferran Pousa, A. Martinez de la Ossa, E. A. Schneidmiller, M. Thévenet
Active energy compression scheme is presently being investigated for future laser-plasma accelerators. This method enables generating laser-plasma accelerator electron beams with a small, $sim 10^{-5}$, relative slice energy spread. When modulated by a laser pulse, such beams can produce coherent radiation at very high, $sim 100$-th harmonics of the modulation laser wavelength, which are hard to access by conventional techniques. The scheme has a potential of providing additional capabilities for future plasma-based facilities by generating stable, tunable, narrow-band radiation.
{"title":"Coherent High-Harmonic Generation with Laser-Plasma Beams","authors":"S. A. Antipov, I. Agapov, R. Brinkmann, Á. Ferran Pousa, A. Martinez de la Ossa, E. A. Schneidmiller, M. Thévenet","doi":"arxiv-2406.04468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.04468","url":null,"abstract":"Active energy compression scheme is presently being investigated for future\u0000laser-plasma accelerators. This method enables generating laser-plasma\u0000accelerator electron beams with a small, $sim 10^{-5}$, relative slice energy\u0000spread. When modulated by a laser pulse, such beams can produce coherent\u0000radiation at very high, $sim 100$-th harmonics of the modulation laser\u0000wavelength, which are hard to access by conventional techniques. The scheme has\u0000a potential of providing additional capabilities for future plasma-based\u0000facilities by generating stable, tunable, narrow-band radiation.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuemei Peng, Daheng Ji, Hongfei Ji, Nan Li, Xiaohan Lu, Saike Tian, Yuanyuan Wei, Haisheng Xu, Yaliang Zhao, Yi Jiao, Jingyi Li
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), is the first fourth-generation storage ring light source being built in the suburb of Beijing, China. The storage ring was designed with the emittance lower than 60 pm.rad with a circumference of 1.36 km and beam energy of 6 GeV. Its injector contains a 500 MeV S-band Linac and a 454 m booster which was designed as an accumulator at the extraction energy. In the energy ramping control design of HEPS booster, the ramping process was programed to be able to stop and stay at any energy between the injection energy and the extraction energy. This feature enables us to conduct energy-dependent machine studies and ramping curve optimization. The beam commissioning of HEPS Linac finished in June, 2023. And the beam commissioning of booster started in the end of July, 2023. In November 17, main target values proposed in the preliminary design report has been reached. The high-level applications (HLAs) are essential tools for beam commissioning. The development of HLAs, which are based on the framework named Python accelerator physics application set (Pyapas), started in the end of 2021. The HEPS physics team spent more than one year to develop and test the HLAs to meet the requirements of beam commissioning of the booster. Thanks to the modular design, the principle based on physical quantities, and the ability of running simulation models online from the Pyapas, the development efficiency and reliability of the HLAs have been greatly improved. In particular, the principle based on physical quantities allows us to control the beam more intuitively.
{"title":"Development of high-level applications for High Energy Photon Source booster","authors":"Yuemei Peng, Daheng Ji, Hongfei Ji, Nan Li, Xiaohan Lu, Saike Tian, Yuanyuan Wei, Haisheng Xu, Yaliang Zhao, Yi Jiao, Jingyi Li","doi":"arxiv-2406.03871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.03871","url":null,"abstract":"The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), is the first fourth-generation storage\u0000ring light source being built in the suburb of Beijing, China. The storage ring\u0000was designed with the emittance lower than 60 pm.rad with a circumference of\u00001.36 km and beam energy of 6 GeV. Its injector contains a 500 MeV S-band Linac\u0000and a 454 m booster which was designed as an accumulator at the extraction\u0000energy. In the energy ramping control design of HEPS booster, the ramping\u0000process was programed to be able to stop and stay at any energy between the\u0000injection energy and the extraction energy. This feature enables us to conduct\u0000energy-dependent machine studies and ramping curve optimization. The beam\u0000commissioning of HEPS Linac finished in June, 2023. And the beam commissioning\u0000of booster started in the end of July, 2023. In November 17, main target values\u0000proposed in the preliminary design report has been reached. The high-level\u0000applications (HLAs) are essential tools for beam commissioning. The development\u0000of HLAs, which are based on the framework named Python accelerator physics\u0000application set (Pyapas), started in the end of 2021. The HEPS physics team\u0000spent more than one year to develop and test the HLAs to meet the requirements\u0000of beam commissioning of the booster. Thanks to the modular design, the\u0000principle based on physical quantities, and the ability of running simulation\u0000models online from the Pyapas, the development efficiency and reliability of\u0000the HLAs have been greatly improved. In particular, the principle based on\u0000physical quantities allows us to control the beam more intuitively.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dilara Akturk, Burak Dagli, Bora Ketenoglu, Arif Ozturk, Saleh Sultansoy
Recently, the construction of {mu^+}{e^-} and {mu^+}{mu^+} colliders, {mu}TRISTAN, at KEK has been proposed. We argue that the construction of a similar {mu^+} ring tangential to LHC/Tevatron/FCC/SppC will give an opportunity to realize {mu^+}p and {mu^+}A collisions at multi-TeV scale center-of-mass energies. In this paper the main parameters of proposed colliders have been studied. It is shown that sufficiently high luminosities can be achieved for all proposals under consideration: L exceeds {10^{33} cm^{-2}s^{-1}} for {mu^+}p colliders and {10^{30} cm^{-2}s^{-1}} for {mu^+}A colliders. Certainly, proposed colliders will provide huge potential for both SM (especially QCD basics) and BSM physics searches.
{"title":"μTRISTAN and LHC/Tevatron/FCC/SppC Based Antimuon-Hadron Colliders","authors":"Dilara Akturk, Burak Dagli, Bora Ketenoglu, Arif Ozturk, Saleh Sultansoy","doi":"arxiv-2406.02647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.02647","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the construction of {mu^+}{e^-} and {mu^+}{mu^+} colliders,\u0000{mu}TRISTAN, at KEK has been proposed. We argue that the construction of a\u0000similar {mu^+} ring tangential to LHC/Tevatron/FCC/SppC will give an\u0000opportunity to realize {mu^+}p and {mu^+}A collisions at multi-TeV scale\u0000center-of-mass energies. In this paper the main parameters of proposed\u0000colliders have been studied. It is shown that sufficiently high luminosities\u0000can be achieved for all proposals under consideration: L exceeds {10^{33}\u0000cm^{-2}s^{-1}} for {mu^+}p colliders and {10^{30} cm^{-2}s^{-1}} for {mu^+}A\u0000colliders. Certainly, proposed colliders will provide huge potential for both\u0000SM (especially QCD basics) and BSM physics searches.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141526858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As superconducting magnet technology is pushed towards higher performance, energy density and total stored energy follow exponentially. Protecting magnets becomes substantially more challenging with traditional methods being stretched to their limits. New technologies such as CLIQ (Coupling Loss Induced Quench) promise to provide a robust method to protect advanced magnets, however they become inductance limited in large magnet strings or at low field, leading to more complex configurations. A technique to substantially reduce this limitation and improve response time is presented, by winding coils in a bifilar fashion and connecting them in series for typical operation, while providing an anti-parallel connection for quasi-zero-inductance in a protection case. This allows for extremely high di/dt. The concept is then demonstrated on a small REBCO coil.
{"title":"Bi-Filar Coil Winding for Fast Quench Protection","authors":"Steven T. Krave, Vittorio Marinozzi","doi":"arxiv-2406.02467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.02467","url":null,"abstract":"As superconducting magnet technology is pushed towards higher performance,\u0000energy density and total stored energy follow exponentially. Protecting magnets\u0000becomes substantially more challenging with traditional methods being stretched\u0000to their limits. New technologies such as CLIQ (Coupling Loss Induced Quench)\u0000promise to provide a robust method to protect advanced magnets, however they\u0000become inductance limited in large magnet strings or at low field, leading to\u0000more complex configurations. A technique to substantially reduce this\u0000limitation and improve response time is presented, by winding coils in a\u0000bifilar fashion and connecting them in series for typical operation, while\u0000providing an anti-parallel connection for quasi-zero-inductance in a protection\u0000case. This allows for extremely high di/dt. The concept is then demonstrated on\u0000a small REBCO coil.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Jia, T. Li, T. Wang, Y. Zhao, X. Zhang, H. Xu, Z. Liu, J. Liu, L. Lin, H. Xie, L. Feng, F. Wang, F. Zhu, J. Hao, S. Quan, K. Liu, S. Huang
Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) guns are promising candidates to deliver high brightness continuous-wave (CW) electron beams for new generations of coherent linac light sources, ultrafast electron diffractions, MeV pulsed beam applications, etc. To solve the compatibility problem of semiconductor photocathodes, a hybrid gun combining a direct-current gap and an SRF cavity has been developed. The gun, employing K2CsSb photocathodes driven by a green laser, has been brought into stable CW operation with a dark current below 100 pA, delivering electron beams at an energy gain of 2.4 MeV, an electron bunch charge of 100 pC, and a repetition rate of 1 MHz. A normalized beam emittance of 0.54 mm-mrad has been achieved at the bunch charge of 100 pC and peak current of about 6 A. CW operation at 81.25 MHz repetition rate has also been tested with the maximum average beam current reaching 3 mA.
{"title":"High Performance Operation of a Direct-Current and Superconducting Radio-Frequency Combined Photocathode Gun","authors":"H. Jia, T. Li, T. Wang, Y. Zhao, X. Zhang, H. Xu, Z. Liu, J. Liu, L. Lin, H. Xie, L. Feng, F. Wang, F. Zhu, J. Hao, S. Quan, K. Liu, S. Huang","doi":"arxiv-2406.00659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.00659","url":null,"abstract":"Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) guns are promising candidates to\u0000deliver high brightness continuous-wave (CW) electron beams for new generations\u0000of coherent linac light sources, ultrafast electron diffractions, MeV pulsed\u0000beam applications, etc. To solve the compatibility problem of semiconductor\u0000photocathodes, a hybrid gun combining a direct-current gap and an SRF cavity\u0000has been developed. The gun, employing K2CsSb photocathodes driven by a green\u0000laser, has been brought into stable CW operation with a dark current below 100\u0000pA, delivering electron beams at an energy gain of 2.4 MeV, an electron bunch\u0000charge of 100 pC, and a repetition rate of 1 MHz. A normalized beam emittance\u0000of 0.54 mm-mrad has been achieved at the bunch charge of 100 pC and peak\u0000current of about 6 A. CW operation at 81.25 MHz repetition rate has also been\u0000tested with the maximum average beam current reaching 3 mA.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Particle accelerators generate charged particle beams with tailored distributions in six-dimensional (6D) position-momentum space (phase space). Knowledge of the phase space distribution enables model-based beam optimization and control. In the absence of direct measurements, the distribution must be tomographically reconstructed from its projections. In this paper, we highlight that such problems can be severely underdetermined and that entropy maximization is the most conservative solution strategy. We leverage textit{normalizing flows} -- invertible generative models -- to extend maximum-entropy tomography to 6D phase space and perform numerical experiments to validate the model performance. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that flow-based entropy estimates are consistent with 2D maximum-entropy solutions and that normalizing flows can fit complex 6D phase space distributions to large measurement sets in reasonable time.
{"title":"High-dimensional maximum-entropy phase space tomography using normalizing flows","authors":"Austin Hoover, Jonathan C. Wong","doi":"arxiv-2406.00236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.00236","url":null,"abstract":"Particle accelerators generate charged particle beams with tailored\u0000distributions in six-dimensional (6D) position-momentum space (phase space).\u0000Knowledge of the phase space distribution enables model-based beam optimization\u0000and control. In the absence of direct measurements, the distribution must be\u0000tomographically reconstructed from its projections. In this paper, we highlight\u0000that such problems can be severely underdetermined and that entropy\u0000maximization is the most conservative solution strategy. We leverage\u0000textit{normalizing flows} -- invertible generative models -- to extend\u0000maximum-entropy tomography to 6D phase space and perform numerical experiments\u0000to validate the model performance. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that\u0000flow-based entropy estimates are consistent with 2D maximum-entropy solutions\u0000and that normalizing flows can fit complex 6D phase space distributions to\u0000large measurement sets in reasonable time.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. -F. OstiguyFermilab, Batavia, IL, USA, C. M. BhatFermilab, Batavia, IL, USA
The Proton Improvement Plan phase II (PIP-II) project currently under construction at FNAL will replace the existing 400 MeV normal conducting linac with a new 800 MeV superconducting linac. The beam power in the downstream rapid-cycling Booster synchrotron will be doubled by raising the machine cycle frequency from 15 to 20 Hz and by increasing the injected beam intensity by a factor 1.5. This has to be accomplished without raising uncontrolled losses beyond the administrative limit of 500 W. In addition, slip-stacking efficiency in the Recycler, the next machine in the accelerator chain, sets an upper limit on the longitudinal emittance of the beam delivered by the Booster. As part of an effort to better understand potential losses and emittance blow-up in the Booster, we have been conducting full cycle 6D simulations using the code PyORBIT. The simulations include space charge, wall impedance effects and transition crossing. In this paper, we discuss our experience with the code and present representative results for possible operational scenarios.
{"title":"Full-Cycle Simulations of the Fermilab Booster","authors":"J. -F. OstiguyFermilab, Batavia, IL, USA, C. M. BhatFermilab, Batavia, IL, USA","doi":"arxiv-2405.20998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.20998","url":null,"abstract":"The Proton Improvement Plan phase II (PIP-II) project currently under\u0000construction at FNAL will replace the existing 400 MeV normal conducting linac\u0000with a new 800 MeV superconducting linac. The beam power in the downstream\u0000rapid-cycling Booster synchrotron will be doubled by raising the machine cycle\u0000frequency from 15 to 20 Hz and by increasing the injected beam intensity by a\u0000factor 1.5. This has to be accomplished without raising uncontrolled losses\u0000beyond the administrative limit of 500 W. In addition, slip-stacking efficiency\u0000in the Recycler, the next machine in the accelerator chain, sets an upper limit\u0000on the longitudinal emittance of the beam delivered by the Booster. As part of\u0000an effort to better understand potential losses and emittance blow-up in the\u0000Booster, we have been conducting full cycle 6D simulations using the code\u0000PyORBIT. The simulations include space charge, wall impedance effects and\u0000transition crossing. In this paper, we discuss our experience with the code and\u0000present representative results for possible operational scenarios.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the final physics design of the Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) at Fermilab, focusing on the linear accelerator (Linac) and its beam transfer line. We address the challenges in longitudinal and transverse lattice design, specifically targeting collective effects, parametric resonances, and space charge nonlinearities that impact beam stability and emittance control. The strategies implemented effectively mitigate space charge complexities, resulting in significant improvements in beam quality -- evidenced by reduced emittance growth, lower beam halo, decreased loss, and better energy spread management. This comprehensive study is pivotal for the PIP-II project's success, providing valuable insights and approaches for future accelerator designs, especially in managing nonlinearities and enhancing beam dynamics.
{"title":"Final Physics Design of Proton Improvement Plan-II At Fermilab","authors":"Abhishek Pathak, Arun Saini, Eduard Pozdeyev","doi":"arxiv-2405.20953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.20953","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the final physics design of the Proton Improvement\u0000Plan-II (PIP-II) at Fermilab, focusing on the linear accelerator (Linac) and\u0000its beam transfer line. We address the challenges in longitudinal and\u0000transverse lattice design, specifically targeting collective effects,\u0000parametric resonances, and space charge nonlinearities that impact beam\u0000stability and emittance control. The strategies implemented effectively\u0000mitigate space charge complexities, resulting in significant improvements in\u0000beam quality -- evidenced by reduced emittance growth, lower beam halo,\u0000decreased loss, and better energy spread management. This comprehensive study\u0000is pivotal for the PIP-II project's success, providing valuable insights and\u0000approaches for future accelerator designs, especially in managing\u0000nonlinearities and enhancing beam dynamics.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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