This research introduces a novel anomaly detection method designed to enhance the operational reliability of particle accelerators - complex machines that accelerate elementary particles to high speeds for various scientific applications. Our approach utilizes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to predict the temperature of key components within the magnet power supplies (PSs) of these accelerators, such as heatsinks, capacitors, and resistors, based on the electrical current flowing through the PS. Anomalies are declared when there is a significant discrepancy between the LSTM-predicted temperatures and actual observations. Leveraging a custom-built test stand, we conducted comprehensive performance comparisons with a less sophisticated method, while also fine-tuning hyperparameters of both methods. This process not only optimized the LSTM model but also unequivocally demonstrated the superior efficacy of this new proposed method. The dedicated test stand also facilitated exploratory work on more advanced strategies for monitoring interior PS temperatures using infrared cameras. A proof-of-concept example is provided.
{"title":"Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Anomaly Detection in Magnet Power Supplies of Particle Accelerators","authors":"Ihar Lobach, Michael Borland","doi":"arxiv-2405.18321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.18321","url":null,"abstract":"This research introduces a novel anomaly detection method designed to enhance\u0000the operational reliability of particle accelerators - complex machines that\u0000accelerate elementary particles to high speeds for various scientific\u0000applications. Our approach utilizes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural\u0000network to predict the temperature of key components within the magnet power\u0000supplies (PSs) of these accelerators, such as heatsinks, capacitors, and\u0000resistors, based on the electrical current flowing through the PS. Anomalies\u0000are declared when there is a significant discrepancy between the LSTM-predicted\u0000temperatures and actual observations. Leveraging a custom-built test stand, we\u0000conducted comprehensive performance comparisons with a less sophisticated\u0000method, while also fine-tuning hyperparameters of both methods. This process\u0000not only optimized the LSTM model but also unequivocally demonstrated the\u0000superior efficacy of this new proposed method. The dedicated test stand also\u0000facilitated exploratory work on more advanced strategies for monitoring\u0000interior PS temperatures using infrared cameras. A proof-of-concept example is\u0000provided.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonin Sulc, Alex Bien, Annika Eichler, Daniel Ratner, Florian Rehm, Frank Mayet, Gregor Hartmann, Hayden Hoschouer, Henrik Tuennermann, Jan Kaiser, Jason St. John, Jennefer Maldonado, Kyle Hazelwood, Raimund Kammering, Thorsten Hellert, Tim Wilksen, Verena Kain, Wan-Lin Hu
Electronic logbooks contain valuable information about activities and events concerning their associated particle accelerator facilities. However, the highly technical nature of logbook entries can hinder their usability and automation. As natural language processing (NLP) continues advancing, it offers opportunities to address various challenges that logbooks present. This work explores jointly testing a tailored Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) model for enhancing the usability of particle accelerator logbooks at institutes like DESY, BESSY, Fermilab, BNL, SLAC, LBNL, and CERN. The RAG model uses a corpus built on logbook contributions and aims to unlock insights from these logbooks by leveraging retrieval over facility datasets, including discussion about potential multimodal sources. Our goals are to increase the FAIR-ness (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) of logbooks by exploiting their information content to streamline everyday use, enable macro-analysis for root cause analysis, and facilitate problem-solving automation.
{"title":"Towards Unlocking Insights from Logbooks Using AI","authors":"Antonin Sulc, Alex Bien, Annika Eichler, Daniel Ratner, Florian Rehm, Frank Mayet, Gregor Hartmann, Hayden Hoschouer, Henrik Tuennermann, Jan Kaiser, Jason St. John, Jennefer Maldonado, Kyle Hazelwood, Raimund Kammering, Thorsten Hellert, Tim Wilksen, Verena Kain, Wan-Lin Hu","doi":"arxiv-2406.12881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.12881","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic logbooks contain valuable information about activities and events\u0000concerning their associated particle accelerator facilities. However, the\u0000highly technical nature of logbook entries can hinder their usability and\u0000automation. As natural language processing (NLP) continues advancing, it offers\u0000opportunities to address various challenges that logbooks present. This work\u0000explores jointly testing a tailored Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) model\u0000for enhancing the usability of particle accelerator logbooks at institutes like\u0000DESY, BESSY, Fermilab, BNL, SLAC, LBNL, and CERN. The RAG model uses a corpus\u0000built on logbook contributions and aims to unlock insights from these logbooks\u0000by leveraging retrieval over facility datasets, including discussion about\u0000potential multimodal sources. Our goals are to increase the FAIR-ness\u0000(findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) of logbooks by\u0000exploiting their information content to streamline everyday use, enable\u0000macro-analysis for root cause analysis, and facilitate problem-solving\u0000automation.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141526860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Romagnoni, Vincenzo Guidi, Laura Bandiera, Davide De Salvador, Andrea Mazzolari, Francesco Sgarbossa, Mattia Soldani, Alexei Sytov, Melissa Tamisari
Bent crystal are widely used as optics for X-rays, but via the phenomenon of planar channeling they may act as waveguide for relativistic charged particles beam as well, outperforming some of the traditional technologies currently employed. A physical description of the phenomenon and the resulting potential for applications in a particle accelerator is reported. The elastic properties of the anisotropic crystal lattice medium are discussed, introducing different types of curvature which can enable a wide array of bending schemes optimized for each different case features. The technological development of machining strategy and bending solutions useful for the fabrication of crystals suitable in high energy particle manipulations are described. As well as the high precision characterization processes developed in order to satisfy the strict requirements for installation in an accelerator. Finally, the characterization of channeling phenomenon in bent crystal is described, pointing out several experimental setups suitable to comply each specific case constrains.
弯曲晶体被广泛用作 X 射线的光学器件，但通过平面沟道现象，它们也可用作相对论带电粒子束的波导，其性能优于目前使用的一些传统技术。本文报告了对这一现象的物理描述以及由此产生的在粒子加速器中的应用潜力。对各向异性晶格介质的弹性特性进行了讨论，引入了不同类型的曲率，从而可以针对每种不同的情况特征优化各种弯曲方案。此外，还介绍了适用于高能粒子操作的晶体制造的加工策略和弯曲方案的技术发展。此外，还介绍了为满足安装在加速器中的严格要求而开发的高精度表征过程。最后，介绍了弯曲晶体中沟道现象的表征，并指出了适用于各种特定情况限制的多个实验装置。
{"title":"Bent Crystal Design and Characterization for High-Energy Physics Experiments","authors":"Marco Romagnoni, Vincenzo Guidi, Laura Bandiera, Davide De Salvador, Andrea Mazzolari, Francesco Sgarbossa, Mattia Soldani, Alexei Sytov, Melissa Tamisari","doi":"arxiv-2405.13790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.13790","url":null,"abstract":"Bent crystal are widely used as optics for X-rays, but via the phenomenon of\u0000planar channeling they may act as waveguide for relativistic charged particles\u0000beam as well, outperforming some of the traditional technologies currently\u0000employed. A physical description of the phenomenon and the resulting potential\u0000for applications in a particle accelerator is reported. The elastic properties\u0000of the anisotropic crystal lattice medium are discussed, introducing different\u0000types of curvature which can enable a wide array of bending schemes optimized\u0000for each different case features. The technological development of machining\u0000strategy and bending solutions useful for the fabrication of crystals suitable\u0000in high energy particle manipulations are described. As well as the high\u0000precision characterization processes developed in order to satisfy the strict\u0000requirements for installation in an accelerator. Finally, the characterization\u0000of channeling phenomenon in bent crystal is described, pointing out several\u0000experimental setups suitable to comply each specific case constrains.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Zhang, Na Wang, Chuntao Lin, Kazuhito Ohmi, Liwei Pan
Both horizontal and vertical coherent beam-beam instability are important issues at CEPC. The horizontal instability (X-Z instability) could be induced by beam-beam itself. In this paper we try to study the effect of chromaticity and resistive feedback by analysis and simulation. The vertical instability may be induced due to the combined effect of beam-beam interaction and vacuum impedance. Finite chromaticity and asymmetrical tunes have been proposed to suppress the vertical instability. Due to the further increase of impedance budget, we need to find more measures to mitigate the instability. The effect of resistive feedback and hourglass effect are evaluated by simulation.
{"title":"Measures to mitigate the coherent beam-beam instability at CEPC","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Na Wang, Chuntao Lin, Kazuhito Ohmi, Liwei Pan","doi":"arxiv-2405.13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.13306","url":null,"abstract":"Both horizontal and vertical coherent beam-beam instability are important\u0000issues at CEPC. The horizontal instability (X-Z instability) could be induced\u0000by beam-beam itself. In this paper we try to study the effect of chromaticity\u0000and resistive feedback by analysis and simulation. The vertical instability may\u0000be induced due to the combined effect of beam-beam interaction and vacuum\u0000impedance. Finite chromaticity and asymmetrical tunes have been proposed to\u0000suppress the vertical instability. Due to the further increase of impedance\u0000budget, we need to find more measures to mitigate the instability. The effect\u0000of resistive feedback and hourglass effect are evaluated by simulation.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-power multi-beam klystrons represent a key component to amplify RF to generate the accelerating field of the superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities at European XFEL. Exchanging these high-power components takes time and effort, thus it is necessary to minimize maintenance and downtime and at the same time maximize the device's operation. In an attempt to explore the behavior of klystrons using machine learning, we completed a series of experiments on our klystrons to determine various operational modes and conduct feature extraction and dimensionality reduction to extract the most valuable information about a normal operation. To analyze recorded data we used state-of-the-art data-driven learning techniques and recognized the most promising components that might help us better understand klystron operational states and identify early on possible faults or anomalies.
{"title":"Automated Anomaly Detection on European XFEL Klystrons","authors":"Antonin Sulc, Annika Eichler, Tim Wilksen","doi":"arxiv-2405.12391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.12391","url":null,"abstract":"High-power multi-beam klystrons represent a key component to amplify RF to\u0000generate the accelerating field of the superconducting radio frequency (SRF)\u0000cavities at European XFEL. Exchanging these high-power components takes time\u0000and effort, thus it is necessary to minimize maintenance and downtime and at\u0000the same time maximize the device's operation. In an attempt to explore the\u0000behavior of klystrons using machine learning, we completed a series of\u0000experiments on our klystrons to determine various operational modes and conduct\u0000feature extraction and dimensionality reduction to extract the most valuable\u0000information about a normal operation. To analyze recorded data we used\u0000state-of-the-art data-driven learning techniques and recognized the most\u0000promising components that might help us better understand klystron operational\u0000states and identify early on possible faults or anomalies.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weihang Liu, Yu Zhao, Yi Jiao, Sheng Wang, Chao Feng
The pursuit of coherent radiation generation remains a central focus in advancing storage ring light sources. Despite the promise of laser modulation in achieving this goal, it brings about a noticeable decline in beam quality. Efforts to mitigate this decline have resulted in the proposal of demodulation schemes. However, implementing modulation and demodulation within the storage ring presents significant challenges due to dynamical and spatial constraints within straight sections. In this study, we propose a straightforward and easily implementable method for achieving reversible laser modulation in a storage ring. Notably, our approach circumvents the need for special storage ring requirements, such as lengthy straight sections or bypass section. Simulation results demonstrate a substantial restoration of beam quality following demodulation. This innovative scheme holds great promise for the realization of high repetition rate coherent storage ring light sources.
{"title":"A method for reversing the laser modulation in a Storage ring","authors":"Weihang Liu, Yu Zhao, Yi Jiao, Sheng Wang, Chao Feng","doi":"arxiv-2405.10573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.10573","url":null,"abstract":"The pursuit of coherent radiation generation remains a central focus in\u0000advancing storage ring light sources. Despite the promise of laser modulation\u0000in achieving this goal, it brings about a noticeable decline in beam quality.\u0000Efforts to mitigate this decline have resulted in the proposal of demodulation\u0000schemes. However, implementing modulation and demodulation within the storage\u0000ring presents significant challenges due to dynamical and spatial constraints\u0000within straight sections. In this study, we propose a straightforward and\u0000easily implementable method for achieving reversible laser modulation in a\u0000storage ring. Notably, our approach circumvents the need for special storage\u0000ring requirements, such as lengthy straight sections or bypass section.\u0000Simulation results demonstrate a substantial restoration of beam quality\u0000following demodulation. This innovative scheme holds great promise for the\u0000realization of high repetition rate coherent storage ring light sources.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrzej Wolski, Diego Botelho, David Dunning, Amelia E. Pollard
We describe a technique for reconstruction of the four-dimensional transverse phase space of a beam in an accelerator beamline, taking into account the presence of unknown errors on the strengths of magnets used in the data collection. Use of machine learning allows rapid reconstruction of the phase-space distribution while at the same time providing estimates of the magnet errors. The technique is demonstrated using experimental data from CLARA, an accelerator test facility at Daresbury Laboratory.
{"title":"Accelerator beam phase space tomography using machine learning to account for variations in beamline components","authors":"Andrzej Wolski, Diego Botelho, David Dunning, Amelia E. Pollard","doi":"arxiv-2405.10028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.10028","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a technique for reconstruction of the four-dimensional transverse\u0000phase space of a beam in an accelerator beamline, taking into account the\u0000presence of unknown errors on the strengths of magnets used in the data\u0000collection. Use of machine learning allows rapid reconstruction of the\u0000phase-space distribution while at the same time providing estimates of the\u0000magnet errors. The technique is demonstrated using experimental data from\u0000CLARA, an accelerator test facility at Daresbury Laboratory.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. F. Zhu, H. L. Ding, H. K. Li, Y. Li, X. W. Dai, J. W. Han, W. Q. Zhang
S-band deflectors are generally operated on pulsed mode for beam diagnosis. We plan to deploy 5 S-band (2997 MHz) deflectors to accurately measure the longitudinal time distribution of ultra-short electron beam pulses in Shenzhen Superconducting Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (S3FEL). A microwave system of one deflector consists of a low-level RF system (LLRF), a solid-state amplifier, waveguide couplers, and a klystron, operated in pulse mode with a maximum repetition frequency of 50 Hz. Its microwave amplitude and phase stability must be better than 0.06%/0.08{deg} (RMS). This article will introduce the prototype design of the hardware, firmware, and software of the digital LLRF system. We use homemade Local Oscillators (LOs) and commercial cards based on the MicroTCA standard in hardware design. The firmware design will use a Non-IQ demodulation and a pulse feedforward algorithm to suppress noise from high voltage of klystron. The software design is based on the EPICS control system architecture, achieving slow control and interface display functions. This report will also show some preliminary test results.
我们计划部署 5 个 S 波段（2997 MHz）偏转器，以精确测量深圳超导软 X 射线自由电子激光器（S3FEL）中超短电子束脉冲的纵向时间分布。一个偏转器的微波系统由一个低电平射频系统（LLRF）、一个固态放大器、波导耦合器和一个速调管组成。其微波振幅和相位稳定性必须优于 0.06%/0.08{deg}（有效值）。本文将介绍数字 LLRF 系统的硬件、固件和软件的原型设计。在硬件设计中，我们使用自制的本地振荡器（LO）和基于 MicroTCA 标准的商用卡。固件设计将使用非 IQ 解调和脉冲前馈算法来抑制来自高电压速调管的噪声。软件设计基于 EPICS 控制系统架构，可实现慢速控制和界面显示功能。本报告还将展示一些初步测试结果。
{"title":"Prototype Design of a Digital Low-level RF System for S-band Deflectors","authors":"J. F. Zhu, H. L. Ding, H. K. Li, Y. Li, X. W. Dai, J. W. Han, W. Q. Zhang","doi":"arxiv-2405.09796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.09796","url":null,"abstract":"S-band deflectors are generally operated on pulsed mode for beam diagnosis.\u0000We plan to deploy 5 S-band (2997 MHz) deflectors to accurately measure the\u0000longitudinal time distribution of ultra-short electron beam pulses in Shenzhen\u0000Superconducting Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (S3FEL). A microwave system of\u0000one deflector consists of a low-level RF system (LLRF), a solid-state\u0000amplifier, waveguide couplers, and a klystron, operated in pulse mode with a\u0000maximum repetition frequency of 50 Hz. Its microwave amplitude and phase\u0000stability must be better than 0.06%/0.08{deg} (RMS). This article will\u0000introduce the prototype design of the hardware, firmware, and software of the\u0000digital LLRF system. We use homemade Local Oscillators (LOs) and commercial\u0000cards based on the MicroTCA standard in hardware design. The firmware design\u0000will use a Non-IQ demodulation and a pulse feedforward algorithm to suppress\u0000noise from high voltage of klystron. The software design is based on the EPICS\u0000control system architecture, achieving slow control and interface display\u0000functions. This report will also show some preliminary test results.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pashupati Dhakal, Bashu Dev Khanal, Eric Lechner, Gianluigi Ciovati
The effect of mid-T heat treatment on flux trapping sensitivity was measured on several 1.3 GHz single cell cavities subjected to vacuum annealing at temperature of 150 - 400 $^circ$C for a duration of 3 hours. The cavity was cooldown with residual magnetic field $sim$0 and $sim$20 mG in the Dewar with cooldown condition of full flux trapping. The quality factor as a function of accelerating gradient was measured. The results show the correlation between the treatment temperature, quality factor, and sensitivity to flux trapping. Sensitivity increases with increasing heat treatment temperatures within the range of (200 - 325 $^circ$C/3h). Moreover, variations in the effective penetration depth of the magnetic field and the density of quasi-particles can occur, influencing alterations in the cavity's electromagnetic response and resonance frequency.
{"title":"Impact of medium temperature heat treatment on flux trapping sensitivity in SRF cavities","authors":"Pashupati Dhakal, Bashu Dev Khanal, Eric Lechner, Gianluigi Ciovati","doi":"arxiv-2405.10085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.10085","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of mid-T heat treatment on flux trapping sensitivity was measured\u0000on several 1.3 GHz single cell cavities subjected to vacuum annealing at\u0000temperature of 150 - 400 $^circ$C for a duration of 3 hours. The cavity was\u0000cooldown with residual magnetic field $sim$0 and $sim$20 mG in the Dewar with\u0000cooldown condition of full flux trapping. The quality factor as a function of\u0000accelerating gradient was measured. The results show the correlation between\u0000the treatment temperature, quality factor, and sensitivity to flux trapping.\u0000Sensitivity increases with increasing heat treatment temperatures within the\u0000range of (200 - 325 $^circ$C/3h). Moreover, variations in the effective\u0000penetration depth of the magnetic field and the density of quasi-particles can\u0000occur, influencing alterations in the cavity's electromagnetic response and\u0000resonance frequency.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of the Snowmass'21 planning exercise, the Advanced Accelerator Concepts community proposed developing multi-TeV linear colliders and considered beam-beam effects for these machines. Such colliders operate under a high disruption regime with an enormous number of electron-positron pairs produced from QED effects. Thus, it requires a self-consistent treatment of the fields produced by the pairs, which is not implemented in state-of-the-art beam-beam codes such as GUINEA-PIG. WarpX is a parallel, open-source, and portable particle-in-cell code with an active developer community that models QED processes with photon and pair generation in relativistic laser-beam interactions. However, its application to beam-beam collisions has yet to be fully explored. In this work, we benchmark the luminosity spectra, photon spectra, and coherent production process from WarpX against GUINEA-PIG in the ILC and ultra-tight collision scenarios. Our performance comparison demonstrates a significant speed-up advantage of WarpX, ensuring a more robust and efficient modeling of electron-positron collisions at multi-TeV energies.
{"title":"Comparison of WarpX and GUINEA-PIG for electron positron collisions","authors":"Bao Nguyen, Arianna Formenti, Remi Lehe, Jean-Luc Vay, Spencer Gessner, Luca Fedeli","doi":"arxiv-2405.09583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.09583","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the Snowmass'21 planning exercise, the Advanced Accelerator\u0000Concepts community proposed developing multi-TeV linear colliders and\u0000considered beam-beam effects for these machines. Such colliders operate under a\u0000high disruption regime with an enormous number of electron-positron pairs\u0000produced from QED effects. Thus, it requires a self-consistent treatment of the\u0000fields produced by the pairs, which is not implemented in state-of-the-art\u0000beam-beam codes such as GUINEA-PIG. WarpX is a parallel, open-source, and\u0000portable particle-in-cell code with an active developer community that models\u0000QED processes with photon and pair generation in relativistic laser-beam\u0000interactions. However, its application to beam-beam collisions has yet to be\u0000fully explored. In this work, we benchmark the luminosity spectra, photon\u0000spectra, and coherent production process from WarpX against GUINEA-PIG in the\u0000ILC and ultra-tight collision scenarios. Our performance comparison\u0000demonstrates a significant speed-up advantage of WarpX, ensuring a more robust\u0000and efficient modeling of electron-positron collisions at multi-TeV energies.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：