Quantum teleportation is a concept that fascinates and confuses many people, in particular given that it combines quantum physics and the concept of teleportation. With quantum teleportation likely to play a key role in several communication technologies and the quantum internet in the future, it is imperative to create learning tools and approaches that can accurately and effectively communicate the concept. Recent research has indicated the importance of teachers enthusing students about the topic of quantum physics. Therefore, educators at both high school and early university level need to find engaging and perhaps unorthodox ways of teaching complex, yet interesting topics such as quantum teleportation. In this paper, we present a paradigm to teach about the concept of quantum teleportation using the Christmas gift-bringer Santa Claus. Using the example of Santa Claus, we use an unusual context to explore the key aspects of quantum teleportation, and all without being overly abstract. In addition, we outline a worksheet designed for use in the classroom setting which is based on common misconceptions from quantum physics.
{"title":"A Christmas Story about Quantum Teleportation","authors":"Barry W. Fitzgerald, Patrick Emonts, Jordi Tura","doi":"arxiv-2312.01891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2312.01891","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum teleportation is a concept that fascinates and confuses many people,\u0000in particular given that it combines quantum physics and the concept of\u0000teleportation. With quantum teleportation likely to play a key role in several\u0000communication technologies and the quantum internet in the future, it is\u0000imperative to create learning tools and approaches that can accurately and\u0000effectively communicate the concept. Recent research has indicated the\u0000importance of teachers enthusing students about the topic of quantum physics.\u0000Therefore, educators at both high school and early university level need to\u0000find engaging and perhaps unorthodox ways of teaching complex, yet interesting\u0000topics such as quantum teleportation. In this paper, we present a paradigm to\u0000teach about the concept of quantum teleportation using the Christmas\u0000gift-bringer Santa Claus. Using the example of Santa Claus, we use an unusual\u0000context to explore the key aspects of quantum teleportation, and all without\u0000being overly abstract. In addition, we outline a worksheet designed for use in\u0000the classroom setting which is based on common misconceptions from quantum\u0000physics.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138522948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Szydagis, K. H. Knuth, B. W. Kugielsky, C. Levy, J. D. McGowan, M. D. Phelan, G. P. Voorhis Jr
In July 2021, faculty from the UAlbany Department of Physics participated in a week-long field expedition with the organization UAPx to collect data on UAPs in Avalon, California, located on Catalina Island, and nearby. This paper reviews both the hardware and software techniques which this collaboration employed, and contains a frank discussion of the successes and failures, with a section about how to apply lessons learned to future expeditions. Both observable-light and infrared cameras were deployed, as well as sensors for other (non-EM) emissions. A pixel-subtraction method was augmented with other similarly simple methods to provide initial identification of objects in the sky and/or the sea crossing the cameras' fields of view. The first results will be presented based upon approximately one hour in total of triggered visible/night-vision-mode video and over 600 hours of untriggered (far) IR video recorded, as well as 55 hours of (background) radiation measurements. Following multiple explanatory resolutions of several ambiguities that were potentially anomalous at first, we focus on the primary remaining ambiguity captured at approximately 4am Pacific Time on Friday, July 16: a dark spot in the visible/near-IR camera possibly coincident with ionizing radiation that has thus far resisted a prosaic explanation. We conclude with quantitative suggestions for serious researchers in this still-nascent field of hard-science-based UAP studies, with an ultimate goal of identifying UAPs without confirmation bias toward either mundane or speculative conclusions.
{"title":"Initial Results From the First Field Expedition of UAPx to Study Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena","authors":"M. Szydagis, K. H. Knuth, B. W. Kugielsky, C. Levy, J. D. McGowan, M. D. Phelan, G. P. Voorhis Jr","doi":"arxiv-2312.00558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2312.00558","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2021, faculty from the UAlbany Department of Physics participated in\u0000a week-long field expedition with the organization UAPx to collect data on UAPs\u0000in Avalon, California, located on Catalina Island, and nearby. This paper\u0000reviews both the hardware and software techniques which this collaboration\u0000employed, and contains a frank discussion of the successes and failures, with a\u0000section about how to apply lessons learned to future expeditions. Both\u0000observable-light and infrared cameras were deployed, as well as sensors for\u0000other (non-EM) emissions. A pixel-subtraction method was augmented with other\u0000similarly simple methods to provide initial identification of objects in the\u0000sky and/or the sea crossing the cameras' fields of view. The first results will\u0000be presented based upon approximately one hour in total of triggered\u0000visible/night-vision-mode video and over 600 hours of untriggered (far) IR\u0000video recorded, as well as 55 hours of (background) radiation measurements.\u0000Following multiple explanatory resolutions of several ambiguities that were\u0000potentially anomalous at first, we focus on the primary remaining ambiguity\u0000captured at approximately 4am Pacific Time on Friday, July 16: a dark spot in\u0000the visible/near-IR camera possibly coincident with ionizing radiation that has\u0000thus far resisted a prosaic explanation. We conclude with quantitative\u0000suggestions for serious researchers in this still-nascent field of\u0000hard-science-based UAP studies, with an ultimate goal of identifying UAPs\u0000without confirmation bias toward either mundane or speculative conclusions.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138522949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Einstein's general relativity is the best available theory of gravity. In recent years, spectacular proofs of Einstein's theory have been conducted, which have aroused interest that goes far beyond the narrow circle of specialists. The aim of this work is to offer an elementary introduction to general relativity. In this first part, we introduce the geometric concepts that constitute the basis of Einstein's theory. In the second part we will use these concepts to explore the curved spacetime geometry of general relativity.
{"title":"General relativity in a nutshell I","authors":"Jorge Pinochet","doi":"arxiv-2401.08612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2401.08612","url":null,"abstract":"Einstein's general relativity is the best available theory of gravity. In\u0000recent years, spectacular proofs of Einstein's theory have been conducted,\u0000which have aroused interest that goes far beyond the narrow circle of\u0000specialists. The aim of this work is to offer an elementary introduction to\u0000general relativity. In this first part, we introduce the geometric concepts\u0000that constitute the basis of Einstein's theory. In the second part we will use\u0000these concepts to explore the curved spacetime geometry of general relativity.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to use the notions of Riemann's geometry introduced in Part I, to analyze the foundations of Einstein's theory of general relativity.
这项工作的目的是利用第一部分介绍的黎曼几何概念来分析爱因斯坦广义相对论的基础。
{"title":"General relativity in a nutshell II","authors":"Jorge Pinochet","doi":"arxiv-2401.12219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2401.12219","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to use the notions of Riemann's geometry introduced\u0000in Part I, to analyze the foundations of Einstein's theory of general\u0000relativity.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139556948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A figure, taken from a science literacy test, illustrates the distribution of water across various locations on Earth, represented as though the entire volume is contained in 100 buckets. Using this figure , and other basic, readily available geographic information one can deduce the approximate value of about 70m for the rise in sea level due to the melting of all Earth's land ice, a value often discussed in media and public discourse.
{"title":"Sea Level Rise by Climate Change. An order-of-magnitude approach to an environmental problem","authors":"Cedric Loretan, Andreas Müller","doi":"arxiv-2311.17976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.17976","url":null,"abstract":"A figure, taken from a science literacy test, illustrates the distribution of\u0000water across various locations on Earth, represented as though the entire\u0000volume is contained in 100 buckets. Using this figure , and other basic,\u0000readily available geographic information one can deduce the approximate value\u0000of about 70m for the rise in sea level due to the melting of all Earth's land\u0000ice, a value often discussed in media and public discourse.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"22 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138523056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is an extended version of the article published by EDP Sciences at the occasion of the 150 years of the ``Soci'et'e Franc{c}aise de Physique'' (in French)
本文是EDP Sciencesat“socii et e Franc {c}aise de体质”(法语)150周年之际发表的文章的扩展版。
{"title":"150 years of relativity and gravitation","authors":"Luc Blanchet","doi":"arxiv-2311.15042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.15042","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an extended version of the article published by EDP Sciences\u0000at the occasion of the 150 years of the ``Soci'et'e Franc{c}aise de\u0000Physique'' (in French)","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138523055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are life forms in space and the ancestor of Earth life came from interstellar space according to models like panspermia. Naturally, life may also exist in molecular clouds. Here the author discusses the possibility of methanogenic life in Molecular Cloud with methane as the final metabolism product. According to the calculations, it is easy to see that the chemical reaction through methanogenesis can release sufficient free energy. If methanogenic life exist in the pre-solar nebula, then they may be the ancestor of Earth's life and there are already some tentative evidences by several molecular biology studies.
{"title":"Possibilities for methanogenic and acetogenic life in molecular cloud","authors":"Lei Feng","doi":"arxiv-2311.14291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.14291","url":null,"abstract":"There are life forms in space and the ancestor of Earth life came from\u0000interstellar space according to models like panspermia. Naturally, life may\u0000also exist in molecular clouds. Here the author discusses the possibility of\u0000methanogenic life in Molecular Cloud with methane as the final metabolism\u0000product. According to the calculations, it is easy to see that the chemical\u0000reaction through methanogenesis can release sufficient free energy. If\u0000methanogenic life exist in the pre-solar nebula, then they may be the ancestor\u0000of Earth's life and there are already some tentative evidences by several\u0000molecular biology studies.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"149 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138523054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean N. Raymond, Nathan A. Kaib, Franck Selsis, Herve Bouy
Given the inexorable increase in the Sun's luminosity, Earth will exit the habitable zone in ~1 Gyr. There is a negligible chance that Earth's orbit will change during that time through internal Solar System dynamics. However, there is a ~1% chance per Gyr that a star will pass within 100 au of the Sun. Here, we use N-body simulations to evaluate the possible evolutionary pathways of the planets under the perturbation from a close stellar passage. We find a ~92% chance that all eight planets will survive on orbits similar to their current ones if a star passes within 100 au of the Sun. Yet a passing star may disrupt the Solar System, by directly perturbing the planets' orbits or by triggering a dynamical instability. Mercury is the most fragile, with a destruction rate (usually via collision with the Sun) higher than that of the four giant planets combined. The most probable destructive pathways for Earth are to undergo a giant impact (with the Moon or Venus) or to collide with the Sun. Each planet may find itself on a very different orbit than its present-day one, in some cases with high eccentricities or inclinations. There is a small chance that Earth could end up on a more distant (colder) orbit, through re-shuffling of the system's orbital architecture, ejection into interstellar space (or into the Oort cloud), or capture by the passing star. We quantify plausible outcomes for the post-flyby Solar System.
{"title":"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au","authors":"Sean N. Raymond, Nathan A. Kaib, Franck Selsis, Herve Bouy","doi":"arxiv-2311.12171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.12171","url":null,"abstract":"Given the inexorable increase in the Sun's luminosity, Earth will exit the\u0000habitable zone in ~1 Gyr. There is a negligible chance that Earth's orbit will\u0000change during that time through internal Solar System dynamics. However, there\u0000is a ~1% chance per Gyr that a star will pass within 100 au of the Sun. Here,\u0000we use N-body simulations to evaluate the possible evolutionary pathways of the\u0000planets under the perturbation from a close stellar passage. We find a ~92%\u0000chance that all eight planets will survive on orbits similar to their current\u0000ones if a star passes within 100 au of the Sun. Yet a passing star may disrupt\u0000the Solar System, by directly perturbing the planets' orbits or by triggering a\u0000dynamical instability. Mercury is the most fragile, with a destruction rate\u0000(usually via collision with the Sun) higher than that of the four giant planets\u0000combined. The most probable destructive pathways for Earth are to undergo a\u0000giant impact (with the Moon or Venus) or to collide with the Sun. Each planet\u0000may find itself on a very different orbit than its present-day one, in some\u0000cases with high eccentricities or inclinations. There is a small chance that\u0000Earth could end up on a more distant (colder) orbit, through re-shuffling of\u0000the system's orbital architecture, ejection into interstellar space (or into\u0000the Oort cloud), or capture by the passing star. We quantify plausible outcomes\u0000for the post-flyby Solar System.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"154 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138523053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Ávila-García, Lucía Lacambra-Asensio, Javier Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Roberto Zenit, Lorène Champougny
In splat painting, a collection of liquid droplets is projected onto the substrate by imposing a controlled acceleration to a paint-loaded brush. To unravel the physical phenomena at play in this artistic technique, we perform a series of experiments where the amount of expelled liquid and the resulting patterns on the substrate are systematically characterized as a function of the liquid viscosity and brush acceleration. Experimental trends and orders of magnitude are rationalized by simple physical models, revealing the existence of an inertia-dominated flow in the anisotropic, porous tip of the brush. We argue that splat painting artists intuitively tune their parameters to work in this regime, which may also play a role in other pulsed flows, like violent expiratory events or sudden geophysical processes.
{"title":"The fluid mechanics of splat painting","authors":"Diego Ávila-García, Lucía Lacambra-Asensio, Javier Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Roberto Zenit, Lorène Champougny","doi":"arxiv-2311.11377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.11377","url":null,"abstract":"In splat painting, a collection of liquid droplets is projected onto the\u0000substrate by imposing a controlled acceleration to a paint-loaded brush. To\u0000unravel the physical phenomena at play in this artistic technique, we perform a\u0000series of experiments where the amount of expelled liquid and the resulting\u0000patterns on the substrate are systematically characterized as a function of the\u0000liquid viscosity and brush acceleration. Experimental trends and orders of\u0000magnitude are rationalized by simple physical models, revealing the existence\u0000of an inertia-dominated flow in the anisotropic, porous tip of the brush. We\u0000argue that splat painting artists intuitively tune their parameters to work in\u0000this regime, which may also play a role in other pulsed flows, like violent\u0000expiratory events or sudden geophysical processes.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138522946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitrios Gousopoulos, Efstratios Kapotis, George Kalkanis
Theory of Relativity (Special and General) is one of the most influential theories of the 20th century and has changed the way we view the world. It is part of many undergraduate curriculums and it is often suggested that it should be integrated into an upper secondary curriculum. Special Theory of Relativity combines time and space whereas General Theory of Relativity describes gravity as a geometric property of spacetime. As it describes abstract phenomena, students encounter several difficulties understanding its basic principles and consequences. In this paper, we present the research that we conducted in order to detect the aforementioned difficulties. This research constitutes a part of a more general study concerning the integration of Special and General Relativity into an upper secondary and undergraduate curriculum. The sample consisted of 45 non-major physics undergraduate students. The purpose of our study was to determine and categorize the difficulties students face when they study the principles of the Theory of Relativity and its consequences. The results of our research indicate that student face many obstacles when trying to interpret phenomena described by the Relativity and confuse Special and General Relativity principles. These results dictate us to create an educational approach that tackle the difficulties found.
{"title":"Students' difficulties in understanding the basic principles of relativity after standard instruction","authors":"Dimitrios Gousopoulos, Efstratios Kapotis, George Kalkanis","doi":"arxiv-2311.09914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.09914","url":null,"abstract":"Theory of Relativity (Special and General) is one of the most influential\u0000theories of the 20th century and has changed the way we view the world. It is\u0000part of many undergraduate curriculums and it is often suggested that it should\u0000be integrated into an upper secondary curriculum. Special Theory of Relativity\u0000combines time and space whereas General Theory of Relativity describes gravity\u0000as a geometric property of spacetime. As it describes abstract phenomena,\u0000students encounter several difficulties understanding its basic principles and\u0000consequences. In this paper, we present the research that we conducted in order\u0000to detect the aforementioned difficulties. This research constitutes a part of\u0000a more general study concerning the integration of Special and General\u0000Relativity into an upper secondary and undergraduate curriculum. The sample\u0000consisted of 45 non-major physics undergraduate students. The purpose of our\u0000study was to determine and categorize the difficulties students face when they\u0000study the principles of the Theory of Relativity and its consequences. The\u0000results of our research indicate that student face many obstacles when trying\u0000to interpret phenomena described by the Relativity and confuse Special and\u0000General Relativity principles. These results dictate us to create an\u0000educational approach that tackle the difficulties found.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"58 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138522950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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