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The experience of social (in)visibility in narratives about ostracism 关于排斥的叙述中的社会(不)可见性体验
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0153
Agnieszka Konieczna
This work involves a comprehensive review of qualitative research focused on analysing the experience of social ostracism. The voices of the ostracized are essential for uncovering that subtle, small, invisible, and silent practices of social exclusion, such as not paying attention, treating someone like air, lack of interest, or being left out, are sufficiently real and painful enough for those who have to deal with them. The term “social (in)visibility” allows us to openly name feelings that are an internal response to external ostracism, but which remain unexpressed in everyday interactions. The article focuses on understanding the role of social attention and social recognition in social encounters. As the social challenges described document a set of practices that prevent engagement in social interactions and reinforce cultural otherness, the construct of “social (in)visibility” may thus provide a framework for explaining how the lack of acknowledgment of someone’s presence in an appropriate manner in a given situation initiates the process of excluding those with so-called ‘spoiled identities’ and may help reveal mechanisms of escalating negativity. The work concludes with reflections on future research areas and the practical implications of social (in)visibility within the context of social relationships, co-presence, and social encounters.
这项工作包括对侧重于分析社会排斥体验的定性研究进行全面回顾。被排斥者的声音对于揭示社会排斥的微妙、细小、无形和无声的做法至关重要,如不关注、视某人如空气、缺乏兴趣或被冷落等,这些对于不得不面对它们的人来说足够真实和痛苦。社会(不)可见性 "一词让我们能够公开地说出这些感受,它们是对外界排斥的一种内在反应,但在日常交往中仍未得到表达。文章的重点是理解社会关注和社会认可在社会交往中的作用。由于所描述的社会挑战记录了一系列阻碍参与社会交往和强化文化异质性的做法,因此 "社会(不)可见性 "这一概念可以提供一个框架,解释在特定情况下,如果没有以适当的方式承认某人的存在,是如何启动排斥那些所谓 "被宠坏的身份 "的人的过程的,并有助于揭示负面情绪不断升级的机制。最后,本文对未来的研究领域以及社会(不)可见性在社会关系、共同在场和社会交往中的实际意义进行了思考。
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引用次数: 0
The Silicon Valley paradox: A qualitative interview study on the social, cultural, and ideological foundations of a global innovation center 硅谷悖论:关于全球创新中心的社会、文化和意识形态基础的定性访谈研究
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0045
Thorsten Quandt, Johanna Klapproth
Abstract Silicon Valley is both object of intense fascination and stark criticism. Academic observers have described it as a unique amalgamation of hippie culture, libertarian thinking, wild experimentation, but also scientific rigor, high-tech precision, and turbo-capitalism – a seemingly improbable, even paradoxical combination. Nevertheless, Silicon Valley continues to be an economic powerhouse and a global innovation hub. The current study explores its socio-cultural and ideological foundations through the lens of an insider perspective to find explanations for its stability and sustained success in light of conflicting components. Based on 15 interviews with Silicon Valley experts from start-ups, tech giants, and academic institutions, the study identifies several paradoxes on the level of ideology and environment, structure(s), and actors. These can be grouped into a binary, oppositional view, indeed describing the Silicon Valley paradox. However, alternative explanations are given, including the conceptualization as a non-dualist phenomenon.
摘 要 硅谷既是令人着迷的地方,也是尖锐批评的对象。学术观察家将其描述为一个独特的混合体,既有嬉皮士文化、自由主义思想、疯狂的实验,又有严谨的科学、高科技的精确性和涡轮资本主义--这似乎是一个不可能的,甚至是自相矛盾的组合。尽管如此,硅谷仍然是一个经济重镇和全球创新中心。本研究从内部人士的视角出发,探讨硅谷的社会文化和意识形态基础,为硅谷在各种相互冲突的因素中保持稳定和持续成功寻找解释。根据对硅谷初创企业、科技巨头和学术机构专家的 15 次访谈,本研究在意识形态和环境、结构和参与者层面发现了若干悖论。这些悖论可以归纳为一种二元对立的观点,即硅谷悖论。不过,研究也给出了其他解释,包括将其概念化为一种非二元现象。
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引用次数: 0
Bonding over bashing: Discussing LGBTI topics in far-right alternative news media comments sections 在谩骂中增进感情:在极右另类新闻媒体的评论区讨论 LGBTI 话题
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0084
Emma Verhoeven
Abstract This study investigates virtual community-building practices and discriminatory views in PAL NWS, a Dutch-speaking Belgian far-right alternative news medium, by examining discussions in the comments sections. Thematic analysis was applied to a total of 1,127 comments by 343 users in response to 50 articles about LGBTI topics. The findings show that far-right alternative news sites can function as virtual communities that facilitate polarization. The comments exhibited a high level of hostility towards LGBTI individuals, particularly toward transgender people and public displays of LGBTI inclusion. Furthermore, Muslims were homogeneously perceived as homophobes, and LGBTI topics were understood as (woke) ideological suppression by a dogmatic minority. The results of this study have implications for understanding the dynamics of comments sections on alternative media and the potential for far-right news platforms to facilitate the spread of intolerance.
摘要 本研究通过考察《PAL NWS》评论区的讨论,调查了该媒体(一家荷兰语的比利时极右另类新闻媒体)的虚拟社区建设实践和歧视性观点。对 343 名用户针对 50 篇有关 LGBTI 主题的文章发表的 1127 条评论进行了主题分析。研究结果表明,极右另类新闻网站可以作为促进两极分化的虚拟社区发挥作用。这些评论表现出了对 LGBTI 个人的高度敌意,尤其是对变性人和公开展示的 LGBTI 包容。此外,穆斯林被同质化地视为恐同者,而 LGBTI 话题则被理解为少数教条主义者的(觉醒的)意识形态压制。这项研究的结果对于理解另类媒体评论区的动态以及极右翼新闻平台促进不宽容传播的潜力具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
What makes audiences resilient to disinformation? Integrating micro, meso, and macro factors based on a systematic literature review 是什么让受众对虚假信息具有抵抗力?在系统性文献回顾的基础上整合微观、中观和宏观因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0078
Jülide Kont, Wim Elving, Marcel Broersma, Çiğdem Bozdağ
Despite increased attention since 2015, there is little consensus on why audiences believe or share disinformation. In our study, we propose a shift in analytical perspective by applying the concept of resilience. Through a systematic literature review (n = 95), we identify factors that have been linked to individuals’ resilience and vulnerability to disinformation thus far. Our analysis reveals twelve factors: thinking styles, political ideology, worldview and beliefs, pathologies, knowledge, emotions, (social) media use, demographics, perceived control, trust, culture, and environment. By applying the results to the socio-ecological model (SEM), we provide a comprehensive view on what constitutes resilience to disinformation, delineate between different levels of influence, and identify relevant gaps in research. Our conceptualization contributes to an under-theorized field, in which the term resilience is much used yet rarely sufficiently defined.
尽管自 2015 年以来关注度不断提高,但对于受众为何相信或分享虚假信息却鲜有共识。在我们的研究中,我们提出了一种分析视角的转变,即运用复原力的概念。通过系统的文献回顾(n = 95),我们确定了迄今为止与个人对虚假信息的适应力和脆弱性相关的因素。我们的分析揭示了十二个因素:思维方式、政治意识形态、世界观和信仰、病态、知识、情绪、(社交)媒体使用、人口统计学、感知控制、信任、文化和环境。通过将研究结果应用于社会生态模型(SEM),我们提供了一个关于什么是对虚假信息的复原力的全面视角,划分了不同层次的影响,并确定了相关的研究空白。我们的概念化为理论化不足的领域做出了贡献,在这一领域中,"复原力 "一词被广泛使用,但却很少有充分的定义。
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引用次数: 0
Evans, C., & Lundgren, L. (2023). No heavenly bodies: A history of satellite communications infrastructure. MIT Press, 256 pp. Evans, C., & Lundgren, L. (2023)。没有天体:卫星通信基础设施史。麻省理工学院出版社,256 页。
Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2024-0031
Graham Minenor-Matheson
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引用次数: 0
Publishing strategies and professional demarcations: Enacting media logic(s) in European academic climate communication through open letters 出版战略与专业划分:通过公开信实现欧洲学术氛围传播的媒体逻辑
Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0033
Carin Graminius
The mediatization concept rests on the increasing centrality of media in everyday spheres. Within academia, mediatization is explored in various ways, such as through the use of social media, news media, and researchers’ adoption of certain media logic(s). While many studies focus on media logic(s) as an explanatory device, it can also be seen as a contextual relationship between actors enacted for various purposes. This paper explores how academics enact media logic(s) in climate communication and for what purpose. By drawing on interviews with initiators of open letters on climate change, this paper illustrates that media logic(s) is evoked as a publishing strategy and a way to demarcate academics from news media journalists. The study thus suggests a conceptual shift from debates about what media logic(s) is to what it does in specific communication contexts.
媒体化概念的基础是媒体在日常领域中日益增长的中心地位。在学术界,媒介化的探讨方式多种多样,例如通过使用社交媒体、新闻媒体以及研究人员采用某些媒介逻辑。虽然许多研究都将媒体逻辑作为一种解释手段,但它也可以被视为行为者之间出于各种目的而形成的一种语境关系。本文探讨了学术界在气候传播中如何以及出于何种目的采用媒体逻辑。通过对气候变化公开信发起人的访谈,本文说明了媒体逻辑是一种出版策略,也是将学者与新闻媒体记者区分开来的一种方式。因此,本研究建议从关于媒体逻辑(s)是什么的争论转向媒体逻辑(s)在特定传播环境中的作用的概念转变。
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引用次数: 0
It’s the political economy after all: Implications of the case of Israel’s media system transition on the theory of media systems 毕竟是政治经济学:以色列媒体系统转型案例对媒体系统理论的启示
Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0063
Moshe Schwartz, Hillel Nossek
This study examines the theory of media systems and the models offered by Hallin and Mancini (2004) by focusing on critical junctures in which changes occur. Based on critical political economy and historical institutionalism, we analyzed the Israeli media system transition in the 1980s and early 1990s, seeking to understand the nature of this change and its theoretical implications. Our findings show a combination of government, market, and public forces in a unique situation where political, economic, and social circumstances change. Accordingly, we conclude that a distinction between politics and economy, as the media system theory and, specifically, the liberal model suggests, is invalid under neoliberalism. We argue that research attention should be paid to critical junctions, and that a closer analysis of government and market interrelations can enrich theories of media systems.
本研究通过关注发生变革的关键时刻,对媒体系统理论以及 Hallin 和 Mancini(2004 年)提供的模型进行了研究。在批判政治经济学和历史制度主义的基础上,我们分析了 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代初以色列媒体系统的转型,试图了解这一变革的性质及其理论意义。我们的研究结果表明,在政治、经济和社会环境发生变化的独特情况下,政府、市场和公众的力量相结合。因此,我们得出结论认为,媒体系统理论,特别是自由主义模式所认为的政治与经济之间的区别,在新自由主义下是无效的。我们认为,研究应关注关键节点,对政府和市场的相互关系进行更深入的分析可以丰富媒体系统理论。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 vaccine reviews on YouTube: What do they say? YouTube 上的 COVID-19 疫苗评论:他们怎么说?
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0056
Da-Young Kang, Eyun-Jung Ki
After the Covid-19 vaccination started, social media users created an enormous amount of content on the vaccines. Especially in the early stages of vaccination, people searched and watched YouTube videos sharing personal experiences after getting the vaccines (i.e., vaccine review videos), usually titled “I got the COVID-19 vaccine.” Few studies have examined the characteristics and impacts of vaccine review videos on viewers’ responses (e.g., likes, dislikes, comments). This study investigates the content of, and reactions to, the most-viewed Covid-19 vaccine review videos on YouTube, based on the social communication framework. A quantitative content analysis of 148 vaccine review videos revealed their unique characteristics, including source expertise, message valence, narration, and topics. Most of the videos had a positive tone, with some urging vaccination and showing pro-vaccine attitudes. Furthermore, source expertise and hybrid message types (messages conveyed in narrative and informative ways) were not significantly related to positive responses. Rather, non-expert videos received more positive responses. The findings concern the public opinions surrounding new vaccines, including related concerns and attitudes. Given the positive tone of the content, vaccine review content made by diverse groups can be encouraged by public health institutions regardless of the creators’ expertise.
Covid-19 疫苗接种开始后,社交媒体用户创造了大量有关疫苗的内容。尤其是在接种疫苗的早期阶段,人们在 YouTube 上搜索并观看分享接种疫苗后个人经历的视频(即疫苗回顾视频),标题通常为 "我接种了 COVID-19 疫苗"。很少有研究探讨了疫苗回顾视频的特点及其对观众反应(如喜欢、不喜欢、评论)的影响。本研究基于社会传播框架,调查了 YouTube 上浏览量最高的 Covid-19 疫苗评论视频的内容和反应。对 148 个疫苗评论视频进行的定量内容分析揭示了这些视频的独特性,包括来源的专业性、信息价值、叙述和主题。大多数视频的基调是积极的,其中一些视频敦促人们接种疫苗,并表现出支持疫苗接种的态度。此外,信息来源的专业性和混合信息类型(以叙述和信息方式传达的信息)与正面回应没有显著关系。相反,非专家视频获得了更多的积极回应。研究结果涉及公众对新疫苗的看法,包括相关的担忧和态度。鉴于内容的积极基调,公共卫生机构可以鼓励由不同群体制作的疫苗审查内容,而不论创作者的专业知识如何。
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引用次数: 0
Hate speech mainstreaming in the Greek virtual public sphere: A quantitative and qualitative approach 希腊虚拟公共领域的仇恨言论主流化:定量和定性方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0051
Yannis Tsirbas, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea
This study delves into the manifestation and characteristics of hate speech in the Greek online public sphere, specifically exploring its most prominent forms, namely racism, anti-immigrant sentiment, nationalism, sexism, and homophobia/transphobia. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the research analyzes popular Greek online news media. It aims to uncover the visibility and operational patterns of hate speech, addressing key questions about its prevalence and presentation on these platforms. Findings reveal the normalization of discriminatory speech, particularly sexism and nationalism, in the digital landscape. Moreover, distinct themes and linguistic elements associated with different forms of hate speech highlight the intertwined nature of these discriminatory expressions. This research sheds light on the pervasive nature of hate speech in Greece’s online realm, emphasizing its implications for democratic principles.
本研究深入探讨了仇恨言论在希腊网络公共领域的表现形式和特点,特别是探讨了其最突出的表现形式,即种族主义、反移民情绪、民族主义、性别歧视和仇视同性恋/仇视跨性别者。研究结合定量和定性方法,对希腊流行的网络新闻媒体进行了分析。研究旨在揭示仇恨言论的可见度和运作模式,解决这些平台上仇恨言论的流行和表现形式等关键问题。研究结果揭示了歧视性言论,尤其是性别歧视和民族主义在数字环境中的正常化。此外,与不同形式的仇恨言论相关的独特主题和语言要素凸显了这些歧视性表达相互交织的性质。这项研究揭示了仇恨言论在希腊网络领域的普遍性,强调了其对民主原则的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Oldies but goldies? Comparing the trustworthiness and credibility of ‘new’ and ‘old’ information intermediaries 老而弥坚?比较 "新 "和 "旧 "信息中介的可信度和公信力
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0020
Lisa Weidmüller, Sven Engesser
People increasingly access news through ‘new’, algorithmic intermediaries such as search engines or aggregators rather than the ‘old’ (i. e., traditional), journalistic intermediaries. As algorithmic intermediaries do not adhere to journalistic standards, their trustworthiness comes into question. With this study, we (1) summarize the differences between journalistic and algorithmic intermediaries as found in previous literature; (2) conduct a cross-media comparison of information credibility and intermediary trustworthiness; and (3) examine how key predictors (such as modality, reputation, source attribution, and prior experience) affect the trustworthiness and credibility assessments. Results from a quasi-experimental online survey (n = 485) confirm that recipients assess journalistic intermediaries more positively than algorithmic intermediaries and audio more positively than text intermediaries. Furthermore, we found reputation and information credibility to be the most important predictors of intermediary trustworthiness, while general media trust is the most important predictor of information credibility. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
人们越来越多地通过 "新 "的算法中介,如搜索引擎或聚合器,而不是 "旧 "的(即传统的)新闻中介来获取新闻。由于算法中介不遵守新闻标准,其可信度受到质疑。通过这项研究,我们(1)总结了以往文献中发现的新闻中介和算法中介之间的差异;(2)对信息可信度和中介可信度进行了跨媒体比较;(3)研究了关键预测因素(如模式、声誉、来源归属和先前经验)对可信度和可信度评估的影响。一项准实验性在线调查(n = 485)的结果证实,接受者对新闻中介的评价比对算法中介的评价更积极,对音频中介的评价比对文本中介的评价更积极。此外,我们发现声誉和信息可信度是中介可信度最重要的预测因素,而一般媒体信任是信息可信度最重要的预测因素。本文讨论了未来研究的意义和方向。
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引用次数: 0
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Communications
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