One of the most frequently used biocatalysts for organic synthesis is lipase, a triacylglycerol hydrolase, that also catalyzes esterification in non‐aqueous solvents. Various non‐aqueous solvents such as organic solvents, ionic liquids, and pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) have been employed for lipase‐catalyzed reactions. Notably, pressurized CO2 (supercritical CO2, liquid CO2, CO2‐expanded liquid) serves as a functional green solvent. This review briefly outlines the properties of pressurized CO2 relevant to biocatalysis and provides examples of utilizing pressurized CO2 solvents for efficient synthesis with immobilized lipases.
{"title":"Medium engineering of lipase‐catalyzed reaction using CO2","authors":"Tomoko Matsuda, Hai Nam Hoang","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12895","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most frequently used biocatalysts for organic synthesis is lipase, a triacylglycerol hydrolase, that also catalyzes esterification in non‐aqueous solvents. Various non‐aqueous solvents such as organic solvents, ionic liquids, and pressurized carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) have been employed for lipase‐catalyzed reactions. Notably, pressurized CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (supercritical CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, liquid CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐expanded liquid) serves as a functional green solvent. This review briefly outlines the properties of pressurized CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> relevant to biocatalysis and provides examples of utilizing pressurized CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solvents for efficient synthesis with immobilized lipases.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumin Ma, Kevin Lim, Caixia Ding, Haoyu Xu, Haiming Shi, Yanlan Bi, Hong Zhang, Xuebing Xu
Flavor is a crucial characteristic of peanut oils, exerting a significant impact on their quality and acceptability. However, given the uncertainty in the correlations between flavor attributes and volatile compounds, assessing the flavor quality of commercial peanut oil retail products (PORPs) based on updated analysis techniques remains challenging. In this study, 21 commercial samples were collected for investigating this correlation. From the sensory evaluations, the 16 fragrant PORPs show differences esp. for the roasted (4.25–10), the sweet (0–4.25), and the steamed (0–4.25) attributes while the roasted attribute is dominant for all the products. For volatile profile analysis with updated analytical technology, the fragrant PORPs also show significant difference in terms of volatile profiles and intensities. The total intensity can differ from 16.37 to 66.59 mg/kg. Multivariate statistical methods (MSMs) revealed the significant correlations between volatile compounds and specific sensory attributes. Notably, 1‐hexanol and phenylethyl alcohol demonstrate a strong correlation with the raw peanut flavor attribute. Benzeneacetaldehyde (BA) exhibited a positive correlation with sweet flavor. dl‐Pantolactone has a positive effect on roasted flavor. Hexanal and 3‐octen‐2‐one are highly related to off‐flavor notes. In addition, based on machine learning (ML), three groups of volatile compounds were found to be highly correlated with specific flavor attributes. Notably, a cluster comprising seven compounds, namely 2‐ethenyl‐6‐methylpyrazine, 2‐methyl‐6‐[(E)‐1‐propenyl]pyrazine, benzaldehyde, BA, nonanal, dl‐pantolactone, and 2‐acetopyridine exhibiting a positive correlation with roasted, steamed, and sweet flavor attributes. Furthermore, recombination experiments were conducted to verify the synergistic effect of these seven compounds on flavor performance and agreements were reached.
{"title":"A thorough evaluation of flavor characteristics among various retail peanut oil products using multivariate statistical methods","authors":"Sumin Ma, Kevin Lim, Caixia Ding, Haoyu Xu, Haiming Shi, Yanlan Bi, Hong Zhang, Xuebing Xu","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12897","url":null,"abstract":"Flavor is a crucial characteristic of peanut oils, exerting a significant impact on their quality and acceptability. However, given the uncertainty in the correlations between flavor attributes and volatile compounds, assessing the flavor quality of commercial peanut oil retail products (PORPs) based on updated analysis techniques remains challenging. In this study, 21 commercial samples were collected for investigating this correlation. From the sensory evaluations, the 16 fragrant PORPs show differences esp. for the roasted (4.25–10), the sweet (0–4.25), and the steamed (0–4.25) attributes while the roasted attribute is dominant for all the products. For volatile profile analysis with updated analytical technology, the fragrant PORPs also show significant difference in terms of volatile profiles and intensities. The total intensity can differ from 16.37 to 66.59 mg/kg. Multivariate statistical methods (MSMs) revealed the significant correlations between volatile compounds and specific sensory attributes. Notably, 1‐hexanol and phenylethyl alcohol demonstrate a strong correlation with the raw peanut flavor attribute. Benzeneacetaldehyde (BA) exhibited a positive correlation with sweet flavor. <jats:sc>dl</jats:sc>‐Pantolactone has a positive effect on roasted flavor. Hexanal and 3‐octen‐2‐one are highly related to off‐flavor notes. In addition, based on machine learning (ML), three groups of volatile compounds were found to be highly correlated with specific flavor attributes. Notably, a cluster comprising seven compounds, namely 2‐ethenyl‐6‐methylpyrazine, 2‐methyl‐6‐[(E)‐1‐propenyl]pyrazine, benzaldehyde, BA, nonanal, <jats:sc>dl</jats:sc>‐pantolactone, and 2‐acetopyridine exhibiting a positive correlation with roasted, steamed, and sweet flavor attributes. Furthermore, recombination experiments were conducted to verify the synergistic effect of these seven compounds on flavor performance and agreements were reached.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adeeb Hayyan, Khalid M. Abed, Maan Hayyan, Ahmed Jawad Ali, Wan Jefrey Basirun, Sharifah Shahira Syed Putra, Yatimah Alias, Yousef Mohammed Alanazi, Jehad Saleh, Mohd Ali Hashim, Bhaskar Sen Gupta
This study explored the use of industrial acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) for biodiesel production, facing a significant obstacle due to its high free fatty acid (FFA) content, which complicates the biodiesel production process. Typically, esterification is employed to convert FFAs into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Herein, the effectiveness of tungstosilicic acid hydrate (TSAH) as an unsupported heteropoly acid (HPA) catalyst for FFA esterification in ACPO was investigated. The FFA content was reduced from 8.43% to 0.95% under optimum conditions (4 wt% catalyst dosage, a methanol to oil molar ratio of 10:1, 150 min and a temperature of 60°C). Noteworthy, the TSAH catalyst showed stability over 7 cycles. The kinetic analysis revealed that the FFA esterification process closely followed pseudo first‐order kinetics, with an R2 value of 0.94. Furthermore, the biodiesel produced from TSAH‐treated ACPO meets the standard specifications outlined by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. This research highlights the effectiveness of TSAH in catalyzing FFA esterification without the need for additional support materials or modifications.
{"title":"Direct application of tungstosilicic acid hydrate for the treatment of high free fatty acid in acidic crude palm oil and for biodiesel production","authors":"Adeeb Hayyan, Khalid M. Abed, Maan Hayyan, Ahmed Jawad Ali, Wan Jefrey Basirun, Sharifah Shahira Syed Putra, Yatimah Alias, Yousef Mohammed Alanazi, Jehad Saleh, Mohd Ali Hashim, Bhaskar Sen Gupta","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12896","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the use of industrial acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) for biodiesel production, facing a significant obstacle due to its high free fatty acid (FFA) content, which complicates the biodiesel production process. Typically, esterification is employed to convert FFAs into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Herein, the effectiveness of tungstosilicic acid hydrate (TSAH) as an unsupported heteropoly acid (HPA) catalyst for FFA esterification in ACPO was investigated. The FFA content was reduced from 8.43% to 0.95% under optimum conditions (4 wt% catalyst dosage, a methanol to oil molar ratio of 10:1, 150 min and a temperature of 60°C). Noteworthy, the TSAH catalyst showed stability over 7 cycles. The kinetic analysis revealed that the FFA esterification process closely followed pseudo first‐order kinetics, with an <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> value of 0.94. Furthermore, the biodiesel produced from TSAH‐treated ACPO meets the standard specifications outlined by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. This research highlights the effectiveness of TSAH in catalyzing FFA esterification without the need for additional support materials or modifications.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the Indian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties produce oil rich in linoleic acid (LA, ~75%) and low in oleic acid (OA, ~15%). In the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) enzyme converts OA to LA. Safflower is reported to have 12–20 FAD2 genes. Gene expression analysis of four FAD2 genes during seed development in a high LA variety, PBNS‐12, revealed high expression of FAD2‐1 at 21 days after flowering (DAF), correlating with high LA accumulation. Fatty acid profiling of 448 Indian safflower germplasm accessions revealed four lines to have high (58%–77%) OA content, with NASF‐39 having the highest OA content. Interestingly, all four high OA lines showed the same mutation in the FAD2‐1 gene. The DNA sequence of FAD2‐1 from the four high OA lines showed a deletion of C at the +606 position, resulting in a premature stop codon at the +733 position and a truncated protein of 244 amino acids. Hence, despite the high expression levels of FAD2‐1 in NASF‐39 at 18–21 DAF, it exhibited high OA (77%). The dysfunctional nature of the truncated FAD2‐1 in NASF‐39 was evident in molecular docking studies with 1‐stearoyl‐2‐oleoyl phosphatidylcholine. We also sequenced FATB, a thioesterase responsible for releasing stearic acid from acyl carrier protein for further desaturation to oleic acid, where an A773G substitution was observed. This resulted in E258G substitution in NASF‐39 FATB compared to that of PBNS‐12. This probably made the acyl‐binding pocket of NASF‐39 FATB unstable, contributing to high OA accumulation. Thus, the outcomes of this study can help develop super and ultra‐high oleic safflower varieties through various genetics and genomics approaches.
大多数印度红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）品种生产的油富含亚油酸（LA，约 75%），而油酸（OA，约 15%）含量较低。在脂肪酸生物合成途径中，脂肪酸去饱和酶 2 (FAD2) 可将 OA 转化为 LA。据报道，红花有 12-20 个 FAD2 基因。对高 LA 品种 PBNS-12 种子发育过程中四个 FAD2 基因的基因表达分析表明，FAD2-1 在花后 21 天（DAF）的高表达与 LA 的高积累相关。对 448 份印度红花种质材料进行脂肪酸分析后发现，有四个品系的 OA 含量较高（58%-77%），其中 NASF-39 的 OA 含量最高。有趣的是，所有四个高 OA 含量品系的 FAD2-1 基因都发生了相同的突变。四个高 OA 株系的 FAD2-1 基因的 DNA 序列显示，在 +606 位缺失了 C，导致在 +733 位过早终止密码子和 244 个氨基酸的截短蛋白。因此，尽管在 18-21 DAF 时 FAD2-1 在 NASF-39 中的表达水平很高，但其 OA 却很高（77%）。在与 1-硬脂酰-2-油酰磷脂酰胆碱的分子对接研究中，NASF-39 中截短的 FAD2-1 的功能障碍性质显而易见。我们还对 FATB 进行了测序，它是一种硫酯酶，负责将硬脂酸从酰基载体蛋白中释放出来，进一步脱饱和成油酸。与 PBNS-12 相比，这导致 NASF-39 FATB 中出现了 E258G 取代。这可能使 NASF-39 FATB 的酰基结合袋不稳定，从而导致高 OA 积累。因此，本研究的结果有助于通过各种遗传学和基因组学方法培育超高油酸和超高油酸红花品种。
{"title":"Molecular insights into the oleic acid accumulation in safflower","authors":"Gayatri Salunke, Yogesh Badhe, Vrijendra Singh, Prakash Ghorpade, Mahabaleshwar Hegde, Narendra Kadoo","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12892","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the Indian safflower (<jats:italic>Carthamus tinctorius</jats:italic> L.) varieties produce oil rich in linoleic acid (LA, ~75%) and low in oleic acid (OA, ~15%). In the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) enzyme converts OA to LA. Safflower is reported to have 12–20 <jats:italic>FAD2</jats:italic> genes. Gene expression analysis of four <jats:italic>FAD2</jats:italic> genes during seed development in a high LA variety, PBNS‐12, revealed high expression of <jats:italic>FAD2‐1</jats:italic> at 21 days after flowering (DAF), correlating with high LA accumulation. Fatty acid profiling of 448 Indian safflower germplasm accessions revealed four lines to have high (58%–77%) OA content, with NASF‐39 having the highest OA content. Interestingly, all four high OA lines showed the same mutation in the <jats:italic>FAD2‐1</jats:italic> gene. The DNA sequence of <jats:italic>FAD2‐1</jats:italic> from the four high OA lines showed a deletion of C at the +606 position, resulting in a premature stop codon at the +733 position and a truncated protein of 244 amino acids. Hence, despite the high expression levels of <jats:italic>FAD2‐1</jats:italic> in NASF‐39 at 18–21 DAF, it exhibited high OA (77%). The dysfunctional nature of the truncated FAD2‐1 in NASF‐39 was evident in molecular docking studies with 1‐stearoyl‐2‐oleoyl phosphatidylcholine. We also sequenced <jats:italic>FATB</jats:italic>, a thioesterase responsible for releasing stearic acid from acyl carrier protein for further desaturation to oleic acid, where an A773G substitution was observed. This resulted in E258G substitution in NASF‐39 FATB compared to that of PBNS‐12. This probably made the acyl‐binding pocket of NASF‐39 FATB unstable, contributing to high OA accumulation. Thus, the outcomes of this study can help develop super and ultra‐high oleic safflower varieties through various genetics and genomics approaches.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peyman Ebrahimi, Ipek Bayram, Anna Lante, Eric A. Decker
This study aimed to enhance the oxidative stability of soybean oil‐in‐water emulsions using acid‐hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed extracts obtained from sugar beet leaves. The optimum extraction process, which includes 8 min of ultrasonication followed by a 2‐h acid hydrolysis, released new phenolics (e.g., catechin, myricetin, etc.) and increased the total phenolic content (TPC) from 586.24 ± 11.45 to 982.42 ± 6.61 μmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition from 46.63 ± 1.39 to 60.87 ± 1.12%. Acid hydrolysis increased the cupric chelating activity of the extracts while decreasing ferrous chelating activity and trans‐ferulic acid concentration significantly (p < 0.05). The acid‐hydrolyzed extract at a TPC of 100 μmol GAE/L prolonged the lag phase of hexanal accumulation in the emulsion from 0 to 8 days, while 400 μmol GAE/L TPC of unhydrolyzed extract increased the lag phase to 12 days. The results show that acid‐hydrolyzed extracts in high concentrations may act as prooxidants.
{"title":"Antioxidant and prooxidant activity of acid‐hydrolyzed phenolic extracts of sugar beet leaves in oil‐in‐water emulsions","authors":"Peyman Ebrahimi, Ipek Bayram, Anna Lante, Eric A. Decker","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12891","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to enhance the oxidative stability of soybean oil‐in‐water emulsions using acid‐hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed extracts obtained from sugar beet leaves. The optimum extraction process, which includes 8 min of ultrasonication followed by a 2‐h acid hydrolysis, released new phenolics (e.g., catechin, myricetin, etc.) and increased the total phenolic content (TPC) from 586.24 ± 11.45 to 982.42 ± 6.61 μmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition from 46.63 ± 1.39 to 60.87 ± 1.12%. Acid hydrolysis increased the cupric chelating activity of the extracts while decreasing ferrous chelating activity and <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>‐ferulic acid concentration significantly (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). The acid‐hydrolyzed extract at a TPC of 100 μmol GAE/L prolonged the lag phase of hexanal accumulation in the emulsion from 0 to 8 days, while 400 μmol GAE/L TPC of unhydrolyzed extract increased the lag phase to 12 days. The results show that acid‐hydrolyzed extracts in high concentrations may act as prooxidants.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Baréa, Nathalie Barouh, Amal Fenaghra, Pascal Colosetti, Jérôme Lecomte, Erwann Durand, Anne Mey, Fabienne Laugerette, Marie‐Caroline Michalski, Claire Bourlieu‐Lacanal, Pierre Villeneuve
Olive extracellular vesicles and synthetic liposomes were evaluated as carriers of antioxidants to stabilize oil‐in‐water emulsions against oxidative degradation. For this, hydroxytyrosol, rosmarinic acid and their lipophilic counterparts, (hydroxytyrosyl dodecanoate esters or eicosyl rosmarinate esters) were loaded into these carrier vesicles and the antioxidant efficiencies of these formulations were compared with those of the corresponding antioxidants alone. Using the conjugated autoxidizable triene assay (CAT assay), our results shows that loaded synthetic liposome mimicking the lipid membrane composition of olive extracellular vesicle allowed to enhance the antioxidant effect of the loaded antioxidant especially with the two lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and rosmarinic acid esters. On the contrary, the loading of the studied antioxidant into the olive extracellular vesicles did not result in an improvement of the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant effects of loaded vesicles were also evaluated in rapeseed oil (1% w/w)‐in‐water emulsions that were stored at 40°C for 21 days and for which oxidative status was monitored by the quantification of primary and secondary oxidation compounds. In that case, the boosting effect of liposomal carriers was not confirmed. This could be due to a different type of emulsions compared to the one used with the CAT assay as different surfactants and oxidation inducers were employed. Additionally, the limited physical stability of the carrier could be involved as liposomes loaded with the most lipophilic antioxidants, namely hydroxytyrosyl dodecanoate and eicosyl rosmarinate were shown to be instable for period exceeding 10 days of storage.
{"title":"Comparison of antioxidant efficiencies in oil‐in‐water emulsion using extracellular vesicles from olive co‐products or liposomes as antioxidants carriers","authors":"Bruno Baréa, Nathalie Barouh, Amal Fenaghra, Pascal Colosetti, Jérôme Lecomte, Erwann Durand, Anne Mey, Fabienne Laugerette, Marie‐Caroline Michalski, Claire Bourlieu‐Lacanal, Pierre Villeneuve","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12887","url":null,"abstract":"Olive extracellular vesicles and synthetic liposomes were evaluated as carriers of antioxidants to stabilize oil‐in‐water emulsions against oxidative degradation. For this, hydroxytyrosol, rosmarinic acid and their lipophilic counterparts, (hydroxytyrosyl dodecanoate esters or eicosyl rosmarinate esters) were loaded into these carrier vesicles and the antioxidant efficiencies of these formulations were compared with those of the corresponding antioxidants alone. Using the conjugated autoxidizable triene assay (CAT assay), our results shows that loaded synthetic liposome mimicking the lipid membrane composition of olive extracellular vesicle allowed to enhance the antioxidant effect of the loaded antioxidant especially with the two lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and rosmarinic acid esters. On the contrary, the loading of the studied antioxidant into the olive extracellular vesicles did not result in an improvement of the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant effects of loaded vesicles were also evaluated in rapeseed oil (1% w/w)‐in‐water emulsions that were stored at 40°C for 21 days and for which oxidative status was monitored by the quantification of primary and secondary oxidation compounds. In that case, the boosting effect of liposomal carriers was not confirmed. This could be due to a different type of emulsions compared to the one used with the CAT assay as different surfactants and oxidation inducers were employed. Additionally, the limited physical stability of the carrier could be involved as liposomes loaded with the most lipophilic antioxidants, namely hydroxytyrosyl dodecanoate and eicosyl rosmarinate were shown to be instable for period exceeding 10 days of storage.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fien De Witte, Filip Van Bockstaele, Koen Dewettinck
In this study six sucrose esters (SEs) with varying mono‐ester content, and thus varying hydrophilic‐to‐lipophilic balance (HLB) were studied. Wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) was performed in order to unravel the nanoscale assembly of SEs. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) allowed to identify the melting and crystallization peaks of the different SEs, which could be attributed to the low and high esterified sugar molecules. Moreover, the results show clear differences in melting and crystallization behavior based on the type of fatty acid chains present. WAXS analysis unraveled a hexagonal subcell for all studied SEs. Despite some difficulty in identifying low intensity SAXS peaks, the analysis suggests a cubic structure for low HLB esters and a lamellar packing for high HLB esters. Medium HLB esters are hypothesized to contain a combination of the aforementioned structures.
在这项研究中，我们研究了六种单酯含量不同的蔗糖酯 (SE)，因此它们的亲水-亲油平衡 (HLB) 也各不相同。为了揭示蔗糖酯的纳米级组装，研究人员进行了广角和小角 X 射线散射（WAXS 和 SAXS）。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）确定了不同 SE 的熔化和结晶峰，这些峰值可归因于低酯化和高酯化的糖分子。此外，研究结果表明，不同脂肪酸链的熔化和结晶行为存在明显差异。WAXS 分析揭示了所研究的所有 SE 的六角形亚细胞。尽管在识别低强度 SAXS 峰方面存在一些困难，但分析表明低 HLB 酯类为立方结构，而高 HLB 酯类为片状堆积。中 HLB 酯被认为包含上述结构的组合。
{"title":"Comparative study of the self‐assembly and thermal properties of six commercial sucrose esters","authors":"Fien De Witte, Filip Van Bockstaele, Koen Dewettinck","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12889","url":null,"abstract":"In this study six sucrose esters (SEs) with varying mono‐ester content, and thus varying hydrophilic‐to‐lipophilic balance (HLB) were studied. Wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) was performed in order to unravel the nanoscale assembly of SEs. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) allowed to identify the melting and crystallization peaks of the different SEs, which could be attributed to the low and high esterified sugar molecules. Moreover, the results show clear differences in melting and crystallization behavior based on the type of fatty acid chains present. WAXS analysis unraveled a hexagonal subcell for all studied SEs. Despite some difficulty in identifying low intensity SAXS peaks, the analysis suggests a cubic structure for low HLB esters and a lamellar packing for high HLB esters. Medium HLB esters are hypothesized to contain a combination of the aforementioned structures.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yojiro Fukami, Eiji Iwaoka, Masamitsu Kuriyama, Kiyotaka Sato
In this study, two types of palm‐based trans‐free cocoa butter replacers (CBRs) were prepared using interesterification and solvent fractionation techniques. Fat A was prepared from palm oil (PO) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO), while Fat B was prepared from PO, FHPO, and palm kernel oil (PKO). The following results were obtained: (1) the two fats melted at 38–39°C; (2) an 80/20 mixture of Fat A/CB exhibited β'‐β transformation after 1 month, whereas an 80/20 mixture of Fat B/CB sustained the β' form for >2 months under thermal thawing conditions (17↔28°C); and (3) fat bloom was observed in the compound chocolate containing Fat A (80%) and CB (20%) after 2 months of storage, whereas no fat bloom occurred in the compound chocolate containing Fat B (80%) and CB (20%) for 3 months. This may be due to the addition of PKO‐based triacylglycerolss with the CN numbers ranging from 40 to 46 (total of 16.1%) in Fat B. Therefore, it was concluded that Fat B prepared from PO, FHPO, and PKO is a trans‐free CBR exhibiting high stability of the β' form.
{"title":"Physical properties of bloom‐resistant chocolate using palm‐based no‐trans cocoa butter replacers","authors":"Yojiro Fukami, Eiji Iwaoka, Masamitsu Kuriyama, Kiyotaka Sato","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12888","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two types of palm‐based <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>‐free cocoa butter replacers (CBRs) were prepared using interesterification and solvent fractionation techniques. Fat A was prepared from palm oil (PO) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO), while Fat B was prepared from PO, FHPO, and palm kernel oil (PKO). The following results were obtained: (1) the two fats melted at 38–39°C; (2) an 80/20 mixture of Fat A/CB exhibited β'‐β transformation after 1 month, whereas an 80/20 mixture of Fat B/CB sustained the β' form for >2 months under thermal thawing conditions (17↔28°C); and (3) fat bloom was observed in the compound chocolate containing Fat A (80%) and CB (20%) after 2 months of storage, whereas no fat bloom occurred in the compound chocolate containing Fat B (80%) and CB (20%) for 3 months. This may be due to the addition of PKO‐based triacylglycerolss with the CN numbers ranging from 40 to 46 (total of 16.1%) in Fat B. Therefore, it was concluded that Fat B prepared from PO, FHPO, and PKO is a <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>‐free CBR exhibiting high stability of the β' form.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal climate change on safflower genotypes productivity in Central Anatolian conditions during 2021 and 2022. The research focused on seed yield, oil content, and oil yield, considering variations in growing degree days (GDD) at different growth stages. In both years, seed yield was significantly affected by lack of rainfall. In 2021, safflower genotypes had an average seed yield of 1540 kg ha−1, while in 2022, it increased to 2390 kg ha−1 due to higher rainfall during critical growth stages. Different genotypes showed different performances in seed yield each year, highlighting the importance of selecting drought‐tolerant genotypes for breeding programmes. Oil content also showed significant variations between genotypes and years. Drought stress during flowering and seed filling periods generally led to a decrease in safflower oil content. However, in 2021, despite drought during the seedling stage, there was an increase in average oil content, possibly due to compensatory mechanisms related to reduced seed yield and dry matter content. In addition, the study looked at GDD values at different growth stages and found considerable variation among genotypes in GDD accumulation. Genotypes with higher GDD accumulation tended to have higher seed and oil yields, indicating better stress tolerance. Conversely, early maturing genotypes with lower GDD levels were better suited for regions with lower average temperatures. The results highlight the importance of considering both rainfall and temperature factors when selecting safflower genotypes for specific regions. In conclusion, the study highlights the impact of seasonal climate change on safflower productivity and the need to develop new safflower varieties capable of adapting to the predicted hotter and drier conditions due to climate change.
{"title":"The effects of seasonal climate change on the safflower genotypes productivity under Central Anatolian conditions","authors":"Hasan Koç","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12886","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal climate change on safflower genotypes productivity in Central Anatolian conditions during 2021 and 2022. The research focused on seed yield, oil content, and oil yield, considering variations in growing degree days (GDD) at different growth stages. In both years, seed yield was significantly affected by lack of rainfall. In 2021, safflower genotypes had an average seed yield of 1540 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, while in 2022, it increased to 2390 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> due to higher rainfall during critical growth stages. Different genotypes showed different performances in seed yield each year, highlighting the importance of selecting drought‐tolerant genotypes for breeding programmes. Oil content also showed significant variations between genotypes and years. Drought stress during flowering and seed filling periods generally led to a decrease in safflower oil content. However, in 2021, despite drought during the seedling stage, there was an increase in average oil content, possibly due to compensatory mechanisms related to reduced seed yield and dry matter content. In addition, the study looked at GDD values at different growth stages and found considerable variation among genotypes in GDD accumulation. Genotypes with higher GDD accumulation tended to have higher seed and oil yields, indicating better stress tolerance. Conversely, early maturing genotypes with lower GDD levels were better suited for regions with lower average temperatures. The results highlight the importance of considering both rainfall and temperature factors when selecting safflower genotypes for specific regions. In conclusion, the study highlights the impact of seasonal climate change on safflower productivity and the need to develop new safflower varieties capable of adapting to the predicted hotter and drier conditions due to climate change.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review presents a comprehensive overview of instrumental analyses for both single‐component and multicomponent pesticide detection within palm oil matrices. It meticulously examines the analytical attributes of these methods across various pesticide categories, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The discussion extends to sample preparation methodologies tailored for palm oil, encompassing techniques such as low‐temperature precipitation followed by solid‐phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, and variations of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. Additionally, it explores the QuEChERS method employing different sorbent combinations to optimize extraction efficiency. The second part of the review focuses on the fate study of pesticides within oil palm plantations which covers laboratory‐scale simulations elucidating pesticide behavior, comparative analysis of field studies with predictive programs, and investigations into the influence of climatic and microbiological factors on pesticide persistence within the oil palm agroenvironment system.
{"title":"Progress in analytical methods for pesticide detection in palm oil and palm kernel oil matrices, and pesticide fate studies in oil palm plantations","authors":"Bonnie Tay Yen Ping, Zulina Abdul Maurad","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12885","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents a comprehensive overview of instrumental analyses for both single‐component and multicomponent pesticide detection within palm oil matrices. It meticulously examines the analytical attributes of these methods across various pesticide categories, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The discussion extends to sample preparation methodologies tailored for palm oil, encompassing techniques such as low‐temperature precipitation followed by solid‐phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, and variations of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. Additionally, it explores the QuEChERS method employing different sorbent combinations to optimize extraction efficiency. The second part of the review focuses on the fate study of pesticides within oil palm plantations which covers laboratory‐scale simulations elucidating pesticide behavior, comparative analysis of field studies with predictive programs, and investigations into the influence of climatic and microbiological factors on pesticide persistence within the oil palm agroenvironment system.","PeriodicalId":501405,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：