Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102790
Clintin P. Davis-Stober , A.A.J. Marley , William J. McCausland , Brandon M. Turner
Three context effects pertaining to stochastic discrete choice have attracted a lot of attention in Psychology, Economics and Marketing: the similarity effect, the compromise effect and the asymmetric dominance effect. Despite this attention, the existing literature is rife with conflicting definitions and misconceptions. We provide theorems relating different variants of each of the three context effects, and theorems relating the context effects to conditions on discrete choice probabilities, such as random utility, regularity, the constant ratio rule, and simple scalability, that may or may not hold for any given discrete choice model. We show how context effects at the individual level may or may not aggregate to context effects at the population level. Importantly, we offer this work as a guide for researchers to sharpen empirical tests and aid future development of choice models.
{"title":"An illustrated guide to context effects","authors":"Clintin P. Davis-Stober , A.A.J. Marley , William J. McCausland , Brandon M. Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Three context effects pertaining to stochastic discrete choice have attracted a lot of attention in Psychology, Economics and Marketing: the similarity effect, the compromise effect and the asymmetric dominance effect. Despite this attention, the existing literature is rife with conflicting definitions and misconceptions. We provide theorems relating different variants of each of the three context effects, and theorems relating the context effects to conditions on discrete choice probabilities, such as random utility, regularity, the constant ratio rule, and simple scalability, that may or may not hold for any given </span>discrete choice model. We show how context effects at the individual level may or may not aggregate to context effects at the population level. Importantly, we offer this work as a guide for researchers to sharpen empirical tests and aid future development of choice models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48154358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102766
Yiqi Li , Martin Schlather , Edgar Erdfelder
Understanding how attentional resources are deployed in visual processing is a fundamental and highly debated topic. As an alternative to theoretical models of visual search that propose sequences of separate serial or parallel stages of processing, we suggest a queueing processing structure that entails a serial transition between parallel processing stages. We develop a continuous-time queueing model for standard visual search tasks to formalize and implement this notion. Specified as a finite-time, single-line, multiserver queueing system, the model accounts for both accuracy and response time (RT) data in visual search on a distributional level. It assumes two stages of processing. Visual stimuli first go through a massively parallel preattentive stage of feature encoding. They wait if necessary and then enter a limited-capacity attentive stage serially where multiple processing channels (“servers”) integrate features of several stimuli in parallel. A core feature of our model is the serial transition from the unlimited-capacity preattentive processing stage to the limited-capacity attentive processing stage. It enables asynchronous attentive processing of multiple stimuli in parallel and is more efficient than a simple chain of two successive, strictly parallel processing stages. The model accounts for response errors by means of two underlying mechanisms, namely, imperfect processing of the servers and, in addition, incomplete search adopted by the observer to maximize search efficiency under an accuracy constraint. For statistical inference, we develop a Monte-Carlo-based parameter estimation procedure, using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation for accuracy-related parameters and minimum distance (MD) estimation for RT-related parameters. We fit the model to two large empirical data sets from two types of visual search tasks. The model captures the accuracy rates almost perfectly and the observed RT distributions quite well, indicating a high explanatory power. The number of independent parallel processing channels that explain both data sets best was five. We also perform a Monte-Carlo model uncertainty analysis and show that the model with the correct number of parallel channels is selected for more than 90% of the simulated samples.
{"title":"A queueing model of visual search","authors":"Yiqi Li , Martin Schlather , Edgar Erdfelder","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how attentional resources are deployed in visual processing is a fundamental and highly debated topic. As an alternative to theoretical models of visual search that propose sequences of separate serial or parallel stages of processing, we suggest a queueing processing structure that entails a serial transition between parallel processing stages. We develop a continuous-time queueing model for standard visual search tasks to formalize and implement this notion. Specified as a finite-time, single-line, multiserver queueing system, the model accounts for both accuracy and response time (RT) data in visual search on a distributional level. It assumes two stages of processing. Visual stimuli first go through a massively parallel preattentive stage of feature encoding. They wait if necessary and then enter a limited-capacity attentive stage serially where multiple processing channels (“servers”) integrate features of several stimuli in parallel. A core feature of our model is the serial transition from the unlimited-capacity preattentive processing stage to the limited-capacity attentive processing stage. It enables asynchronous attentive processing of multiple stimuli in parallel and is more efficient than a simple chain of two successive, strictly parallel processing stages. The model accounts for response errors by means of two underlying mechanisms, namely, imperfect processing of the servers and, in addition, incomplete search adopted by the observer to maximize search efficiency under an accuracy constraint. For statistical inference, we develop a Monte-Carlo-based parameter estimation procedure, using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation for accuracy-related parameters and minimum distance (MD) estimation for RT-related parameters. We fit the model to two large empirical data sets from two types of visual search tasks. The model captures the accuracy rates almost perfectly and the observed RT distributions quite well, indicating a high explanatory power. The number of independent parallel processing channels that explain both data sets best was five. We also perform a Monte-Carlo model uncertainty analysis and show that the model with the correct number of parallel channels is selected for more than 90% of the simulated samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47519339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102791
Davide Carpentiere , Alfio Giarlotta , Stephen Watson
A total preorder is a transitive and complete binary relation on a set. A modal preference structure of rank is a string composed of 2 to the exponent binary relations on a set such that there is a family of total preorders that gives all relations by taking intersections and unions. Total preorders are structures of rank zero, NaP-preferences (Giarlotta and Greco, 2013) are structures of rank one, and GNaP-preferences (Carpentiere et al., 2022) are structures of rank two. We characterize modal preference structures of any rank by properties of transitive coherence and mixed completeness. Moreover, we show how to construct structures of a given rank from others of lower rank. Modal preference structures arise in economics and psychology, in the process of aggregating hierarchical judgements of groups of agents, where each of the coordinates represents a feature/stage of the decision procedure.
全预序是集合上的传递完备二元关系。一个n阶的模态偏好结构是一个由2 ^ n个二进制关系组成的字符串,在一个集合上,有一组总预购,通过取交集和并集给出所有关系。总预订量为0级结构,NaP-preferences (Giarlotta and Greco, 2013)为1级结构,GNaP-preferences (Carpentiere et al., 2022)为2级结构。利用传递相干性和混合完备性对任意阶的模态偏好结构进行了刻画。此外,我们展示了如何从其他低秩的结构中构造给定秩的结构。模态偏好结构出现在经济学和心理学中,在聚合主体群体的层次判断过程中,其中每个n个坐标代表决策过程的一个特征/阶段。
{"title":"Modal preference structures","authors":"Davide Carpentiere , Alfio Giarlotta , Stephen Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A total preorder is a transitive and complete binary relation on a set. A modal preference structure of rank <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> is a string composed of 2 to the exponent <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> binary relations on a set such that there is a family of total preorders that gives all relations by taking intersections and unions. Total preorders are structures of rank zero, <span>NaP</span>-preferences (Giarlotta and Greco, 2013) are structures of rank one, and <span>GNaP</span>-preferences (Carpentiere et al., 2022) are structures of rank two. We characterize modal preference structures of any rank by properties of transitive coherence and mixed completeness. Moreover, we show how to construct structures of a given rank from others of lower rank. Modal preference structures arise in economics and psychology, in the process of aggregating hierarchical judgements of groups of agents, where each of the <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> coordinates represents a feature/stage of the decision procedure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49864107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102756
Thomas Richter , Rolf Ulrich , Markus Janczyk
Drift-diffusion models have become valuable tools in many fields of contemporary psychology and the neurosciences. The present study compares and analyzes different methods (i.e., stochastic differential equation, integral method, Kolmogorov equations, and matrix method) to derive the first-passage time distribution predicted by these models. First, these methods are compared in their accuracy and efficiency. In particular, we address non-standard problems, for example, models with time-dependent drift rates or time-dependent thresholds. Second, a mathematical analysis and a classification of these methods is provided. Finally, we discuss their strengths and caveats.
{"title":"Diffusion models with time-dependent parameters: An analysis of computational effort and accuracy of different numerical methods","authors":"Thomas Richter , Rolf Ulrich , Markus Janczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Drift-diffusion models have become valuable tools in many fields of contemporary psychology and the neurosciences. The present study compares and analyzes different methods (i.e., </span>stochastic differential equation<span>, integral method, Kolmogorov equations, and matrix method) to derive the first-passage time distribution predicted by these models. First, these methods are compared in their accuracy and efficiency. In particular, we address non-standard problems, for example, models with time-dependent drift rates or time-dependent thresholds. Second, a mathematical analysis and a classification of these methods is provided. Finally, we discuss their strengths and caveats.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46665964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102770
Wen Sun , Jinjin Li , Zhaorong He , Xun Ge , Yidong Lin
Heller (2021) and Stefanutti et al. (2020) provided the mathematical foundation for the generalization of knowledge structure theory (KST) to polytomous items. Based on their works, the well-gradedness can be extended to polytomous knowledge structures. We propose the concepts of discriminative polytomous knowledge structure and well-graded polytomous knowledge structure. Then we show that every well-graded polytomous knowledge structure is discriminative. The basis of any polytomous knowledge space is formed by the collection of all the atoms. We discuss the sufficient and necessary conditions of polytomous knowledge structures to be well-graded polytomous knowledge spaces. Moreover, we provide an example to illustrate that a well-graded polytomous knowledge space is not necessarily a polytomous closure space.
{"title":"Well-graded polytomous knowledge structures","authors":"Wen Sun , Jinjin Li , Zhaorong He , Xun Ge , Yidong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heller (2021) and Stefanutti et al. (2020) provided the mathematical foundation for the generalization of knowledge structure theory (KST) to polytomous items. Based on their works, the well-gradedness can be extended to polytomous knowledge structures. We propose the concepts of discriminative polytomous knowledge structure and well-graded polytomous knowledge structure. Then we show that every well-graded polytomous knowledge structure is discriminative. The basis of any polytomous knowledge space is formed by the collection of all the atoms. We discuss the sufficient and necessary conditions of polytomous knowledge structures to be well-graded polytomous knowledge spaces. Moreover, we provide an example to illustrate that a well-graded polytomous knowledge space is not necessarily a polytomous closure space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43018006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102772
Vithor Rosa Franco , Jacob Arie Laros , Marie Wiberg
The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from the nondecomposable measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974). More specifically, we aim to: (i) present the theoretical basis of the Rasch model and its relations to psychophysics’ models of utility; (ii) give a brief exposition on the measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974, 1975), some of which do not require an additive structure; and (iii) derive IRT models from these measurement theories, as well as Bayesian implementations of these models. We also present two empirical examples to compare how well these IRT models fit to real data. In addition to deriving new IRT models, we also discuss theoretical interpretations regarding the models’ capability of generating fundamental measures of the true scores of the respondents. The manuscript ends with prospects for future studies and practical implications.
{"title":"Nondecomposable Item Response Theory models: Fundamental measurement in psychometrics","authors":"Vithor Rosa Franco , Jacob Arie Laros , Marie Wiberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from the nondecomposable measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974). More specifically, we aim to: (i) present the theoretical basis of the Rasch model<span> and its relations to psychophysics’ models of utility; (ii) give a brief exposition on the measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974, 1975), some of which do not require an additive structure; and (iii) derive IRT models from these measurement theories, as well as Bayesian implementations of these models. We also present two empirical examples to compare how well these IRT models fit to real data. In addition to deriving new IRT models, we also discuss theoretical interpretations regarding the models’ capability of generating fundamental measures of the true scores of the respondents. The manuscript ends with prospects for future studies and practical implications.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48197512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102765
Tadamasa Sawada , Zygmunt Pizlo
The generalized cone is a simple 3D shape that is produced by sweeping a planar cross-section along a curve. Many complex and articulated 3D objects can be represented by combining generalized cones. It has been shown that generalized cones play an important role in our visual system for perceiving the shapes of these objects and recognizing them. In this study, we analyzed the geometrical properties of generalized cones and their 2D images and found that there are invariant features in the images of the generalized cones under both 2D orthographic and perspective projections that facilitate the recovery of the 3D shapes of the cones from the images. We found that the 3D translational symmetry of generalized cones can be analyzed using tools designed for 3D mirror-symmetry.
{"title":"Geometrical properties of a generalized cone and its 2D image","authors":"Tadamasa Sawada , Zygmunt Pizlo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The generalized cone is a simple 3D shape that is produced by sweeping a planar cross-section along a curve. Many complex and articulated 3D objects can be represented by combining generalized cones. It has been shown that generalized cones play an important role in our visual system for perceiving the shapes of these objects and recognizing them. In this study, we analyzed the geometrical properties of generalized cones and their 2D images and found that there are invariant features in the images of the generalized cones under both 2D orthographic and perspective projections that facilitate the recovery of the 3D shapes of the cones from the images. We found that the 3D translational symmetry of generalized cones can be analyzed using tools designed for 3D mirror-symmetry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42893529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102768
Jean-Paul Doignon , Kota Saito
The Multiple Choice Polytope (MCP) is the prediction range of a random utility model due to Block and Marschak(1960). Fishburn(1998) offers a nice survey of the findings on random utility models at the time. A complete characterization of the MCP is a remarkable achievement of Falmagne (1978). To derive a more enlightening proof of Falmagne Theorem, Fiorini(2004) assimilates the MCP with the flow polytope of some acyclic network. However, apart from a recognition of the facets by Suck(2002), the geometric structure of the MCP was apparently not much investigated. We characterize the adjacency of vertices and the adjacency of facets. Our characterization of the edges of the MCP helps understand recent findings in economics papers such as Chang, Narita and Saito(2022) and Turansick(2022). Moreover, our results on adjacencies also hold for the flow polytope of any acyclic network. In particular, they apply not only to the MCP, but also to three polytopes which Davis-Stober, Doignon, Fiorini, Glineur and Regenwetter (2018) introduced as extended formulations of the weak order polytope, interval order polytope and semiorder polytope (the prediction ranges of other models, see for instance Fishburn and Falmagne, 1989, and Marley and Regenwetter, 2017).
{"title":"Adjacencies on random ordering polytopes and flow polytopes","authors":"Jean-Paul Doignon , Kota Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The Multiple Choice Polytope (MCP) is the prediction range of a random utility model due to Block and Marschak(1960). Fishburn(1998) offers a nice survey of the findings on random utility models at the time. A complete characterization of the MCP is a remarkable achievement of Falmagne (1978). To derive a more enlightening proof of Falmagne Theorem, Fiorini(2004) assimilates the MCP with the flow polytope of some acyclic network. However, apart from a recognition of the facets by Suck(2002), the </span>geometric structure of the MCP was apparently not much investigated. We characterize the adjacency of vertices and the adjacency of facets. Our characterization of the edges of the MCP helps understand recent findings in economics papers such as Chang, Narita and Saito(2022) and Turansick(2022). Moreover, our results on adjacencies also hold for the flow polytope of any acyclic network. In particular, they apply not only to the MCP, but also to three polytopes which Davis-Stober, Doignon, Fiorini, Glineur and Regenwetter (2018) introduced as extended formulations of the </span>weak order polytope, interval order polytope and semiorder polytope (the prediction ranges of other models, see for instance Fishburn and Falmagne, 1989, and Marley and Regenwetter, 2017).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48214488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102771
Thierry Marchant , Arunava Sen
We propose and characterize a class of stochastic decision functions for a decision-maker who has a capacity for processing at most -alternatives at a time. When faced with a menu containing more than alternatives, she randomly chooses a sub-menu of size with uniform probability and selects the best alternative according to a strict ordering . For smaller menus, she chooses the best alternative according to .
{"title":"Stochastic choice with bounded processing capacity","authors":"Thierry Marchant , Arunava Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose and characterize a class of stochastic decision functions for a decision-maker who has a capacity for processing at most <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-alternatives at a time. When faced with a menu containing more than <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> alternatives, she randomly chooses a sub-menu of size <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> with uniform probability and selects the best alternative according to a strict ordering <span><math><mo>≻</mo></math></span>. For smaller menus, she chooses the best alternative according to <span><math><mo>≻</mo></math></span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}