Journal of Marine Systems最新文献

Internal tidal dynamics and associated processes at highly supercritical slopes in Banda Sea: Lessons from the oceanic island of Ambon, eastern Indonesia 班达海高度超临界斜坡的内部潮汐动力学及相关过程：印度尼西亚东部安汶海洋岛的经验教训

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104020

Gerry Giliant Salamena , Jacobo Martín , Sem Likumahua , Ferdimon Kainama , Daniel Deonisius Pelasula , Intan Suci Nurhati

Interactions between the deep sea and steep-sloping oceanic islands generate physical processes with potential impacts on sediment resuspension and ocean productivity. While studies have been conducted in the open oceans, those focusing on oceanic islands of the deep Banda Sea in eastern Indonesia are lacking. Here, we present the first observational evidence of vertical mechanisms (i.e. internal tidal reflection, internal hydraulic jumps) at the highly supercritical slope in outer Ambon Bay (OAB) in Ambon Island – an oceanic island in the Banda Sea. A 23-h CTD yoyo experiment combined with ADCP measurements conducted during spring flood and ebb tides demonstrated tidally-varying vertical temperature, salinity and density profiles. During spring flood tide, incoming internal tides were reflected by OAB's highly supercritical slope back to the deep sea with isopycnals and isotherms showing sharp downward plunges (downward vertical velocity = 6.5–8.3 × 10⁻³ m/s), and the internal tidal amplitude reaching 90–110 m. The reflection during flood tide caused seaward overturning flow at deeper depths despite the prevailing landward flow at the upper layers. During spring ebb tide, internal hydraulic jumps (upward vertical velocity = 6.1–6.48 × 10⁻³ m/s) occurred to rebound the downward plunges of isopycnals and isotherms as flood tide relaxed with the observed amplitude of internal tides of 90 m. We also observed weakened seaward ebb flow during the isothermal uplifting (when hydraulic jumps occurred), and subsequent intensified landward flow at the end of spring ebb tide indicating strong upslope flow when isotherms reached the maximum shoaling depths. Taken together, the observed vertical mechanisms indicate the conservation of energy at the highly supercritical slope of OAB evident by the comparable vertical velocities. An embedded turbidity-chlorophyll profiler in the CTD reveals that internal tidal activities at the highly supercritical slopes OAB may induce bottom nepheloid layers, and influence ocean productivity by regulating the vertical distribution of phytoplankton biomass.

深海与陡坡海洋岛屿之间的相互作用产生了物理过程，可能对沉积物再悬浮和海洋生产力产生影响。虽然已经在开阔的海洋中进行了研究，但还缺乏针对印度尼西亚东部班达海深海岛屿的研究。在此，我们首次提出了班达海大洋岛屿安汶岛外安汶湾（OAB）高度超临界斜坡垂直机制（即内部潮汐反射、内部水力跃迁）的观测证据。在春季洪潮和退潮期间进行的 23 小时 CTD yoyo 试验与 ADCP 测量相结合，显示了潮汐变化的垂直温度、盐度和密度剖面。在春季洪潮期间，进入的内潮被 OAB 的高超临界斜坡反射回深海，等比线和等温线显示出急剧的向下俯冲（向下垂直速度 = 6.5-8.3 × 10-3 m/s），内潮振幅达到 90-110 m。在春潮退潮期间，随着洪潮的消退，等压线和等温线发生了内部水力跃迁（上升垂直速度=6.1-6.48×10-3 m/s），使等压线和等温线的向下俯冲得到反弹，观测到的内潮振幅为 90 m。我们还观察到，在等温线抬升期间（发生水力跃迁时），向海的退潮流减弱，而在春潮退潮结束时，向陆的退潮流增强，这表明等温线达到最大滩涂深度时，会发生强烈的上坡流。综合来看，观测到的垂直机制表明，在奥布河高超临界斜坡处能量守恒，可比的垂直速度也证明了这一点。CTD 中的嵌入式浊度-叶绿素剖面仪显示，OAB 高超临界斜坡的内部潮汐活动可能会诱发海底浊层，并通过调节浮游植物生物量的垂直分布来影响海洋生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Fine-scale phytoplankton community transitions in the oligotrophic ocean: A Mediterranean Sea case study 寡营养海洋中细尺度浮游植物群落过渡：地中海案例研究

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104021

Laurina Oms , Monique Messié , Jean-Christophe Poggiale , Gérald Grégori , Andrea Doglioli

The vast diversity of marine phytoplankton, shaped by intricate water dynamics, remains poorly understood in the oligotrophic ocean. In situ studies reveal fine-scale dynamics affecting phytoplankton distribution, leading to abrupt shifts in abundance and biomass referred here as “phytoplankton community transitions” (PCTs). Using a simple nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton (NPZ) numerical model, our study proposes a theoretical framework to explain PCTs observed during an oceanographic cruise in the Mediterranean Sea. We consider both a homogeneous and a variable environment, respectively corresponding to the waters on both sides of a front and to the frontal area itself. In the model, PCTs between one community of smaller phytoplankton and one community of bigger phytoplankton are controlled by nutrient supply, but not directly: nutrient supply affects all compartments of the model and creates PCTs by combining bottom-up and top-down controls. This mechanism is observed for both constant (i.e., within a water mass) and pulsed (i.e., in the front) nutrient supply. These results are consistent with in situ observations of biomass proportion across a front. This theoretical framework helps to better understand and plan in situ observations in oceanic regions characterized by fine-scale dynamics and oligotrophic conditions.

海洋浮游植物种类繁多，由错综复杂的水动力学决定，但人们对寡营养海洋中的浮游植物仍然知之甚少。原位研究揭示了影响浮游植物分布的细尺度动态，导致丰度和生物量的突然变化，在这里被称为 "浮游植物群落过渡"（PCTs）。我们的研究利用一个简单的营养-浮游植物-浮游动物（NPZ）数值模型，提出了一个理论框架来解释在地中海海洋巡航期间观测到的 PCT。我们考虑了同质环境和可变环境，分别对应于锋面两侧水域和锋面区域本身。在模型中，一个较小浮游植物群落和一个较大浮游植物群落之间的 PCT 受养分供应的控制，但不是直接控制：养分供应影响模型的所有区块，并通过自下而上和自上而下的控制相结合产生 PCT。这种机制在恒定（即在一个水团内）和脉冲（即在前沿）营养供应情况下均可观察到。这些结果与前沿生物量比例的现场观测结果一致。这一理论框架有助于更好地理解和规划以精细尺度动力学和寡营养条件为特征的海洋区域的现场观测。

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引用次数: 0

Summertime nutrient transports in the coastal areas of the Western Northern Yellow Sea 北黄海西部沿岸地区夏季营养盐迁移量

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104018

Chuanxi Xing, Xuefeng Cao, Qian Zhao

The summertime nutrient transports in the western Northern Yellow Sea (NYS) have not been well understood due to regional complex physical-biological processes. A coupled model was developed to investigate the summertime nutrient transports in the western NYS. Based on a suite of quantitative skill metrics, the model performance was comprehensively evaluated by comparing the simulated results to a collection of observational data in 2019. The model results were capable of reproducing the observed hydrographical conditions and nutrient distributions in different seasons. In the summer, the coastal areas in the east of Liaodong Peninsula (Zone1) and north of Shandong Peninsula (Zone2) both lost nutrients through cross-boundary nutrient transports for Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate (DIP). Changes in the surface wind altered the regional circulation and consequently caused variations in nutrient transports for the two zones. Increase in the velocities of southerly wind led to more nutrient losses in Zone1 and less nutrient losses in Zone2. Further sensitivity analysis suggested that the Yalu River was not the dominating factor influencing the nutrient budget of Zone1, and oceanic nutrients contributed around 70 % of the DIN and 99 % of the DIP transported into Zone1. The outflow from Bohai Sea (BS) to NYS dominated the nutrient budget of Zone2. Among the nutrients from the BS, 94.76 % of the DIP were from internal nutrient pool and 3.03 % were from newly input riverine nutrients, those ratios for DIN were 78.79 % and 19.30 %. The Yellow River and Yalu River discharges modulated the regional circulations introducing moderate variations to the nutrient budgets of Zone1 and Zone2.

由于区域物理-生物过程的复杂性，人们对北黄海西部夏季营养盐传输的了解还不够深入。为研究北黄海西部夏季营养盐传输，建立了一个耦合模型。通过将模拟结果与 2019 年的一系列观测数据进行比较，基于一系列定量技能指标对模型性能进行了全面评估。模型结果能够再现不同季节观测到的水文条件和营养物分布。在夏季，辽东半岛东部沿海地区（1 区）和山东半岛北部沿海地区（2 区）均通过跨界营养盐迁移损失了溶解性无机氮（DIN）和溶解性无机磷（DIP）。地表风的变化改变了区域环流，从而导致了两个区域养分输送的变化。南风速度的增加导致 1 区养分损失增加，而 2 区养分损失减少。进一步的敏感性分析表明，鸭绿江不是影响 1 区养分预算的主要因素，海洋养分约占运入 1 区的 DIN 和 DIP 的 70% 和 99%。渤海流向纽约州的外流养分在 2 区的养分预算中占主导地位。在来自渤海的营养物质中，94.76%的DIP来自内部营养库，3.03%来自新输入的河流营养物质，DIN和DIP的比例分别为78.79%和19.30%。黄河和鸭绿江的排放调节了区域环流，给 1 区和 2 区的营养预算带来了适度的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Variability of inherent optical properties of seawater in relation to the concentration and composition of suspended particulate matter in the coastal Arctic waters of western Spitsbergen 海水固有光学特性的变化与斯匹次卑尔根西部沿岸北极水域悬浮颗粒物的浓度和组成的关系

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104019

Sławomir B. Woźniak , Dagmara Litwicka , Joanna Stoń-Egiert , Dariusz Stramski

Inherent optical properties (IOPs) and characteristics of suspended particles in surface seawater samples were measured in summer months of 2021 and 2022 in Arctic fjords and coastal waters of western Spitsbergen in the Svalbard archipelago. The measured IOPs included the spectral backscattering and scattering coefficients of suspended particulate matter, as well as the spectral absorption coefficients of suspended particulate matter and its non-algal particulate and phytoplankton components. The particulate assemblages were characterized by measuring the mass concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), particulate organic matter (POM), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), and phytoplankton pigments including chlorophyll-a (Chla). The investigated coastal waters exhibit high variability of particulate characteristics and associated IOPs. We observed more than two orders of magnitude variation in SPM and particulate IOPs, and Chla varied from below the detection limit to more than 3 mg m⁻³. The contribution of organic fraction to SPM (POM/SPM ratio) varied from 0.05 to 0.6, and the Chla/SPM ratio spanned more than three orders of magnitude with a maximum value of the order of 10⁻³. As a result, the mass-specific optical coefficients, especially the mass-specific backscattering and scattering coefficients of particles and mass-specific absorption coefficient of non-algal particulate matter, exhibit large variations. In addition, our study demonstrates the influences of changes in composition of suspended particulate matter parameterized in terms of POM/SPM and Chla/SPM ratios on IOPs. Various variants of spectral parametrizations of optical coefficients in terms of univariate or multivariable relationships with particulate characteristics are provided. These parameterizations are representative of the investigated coastal Arctic waters in Svalbard region and can be used for better interpretation of optical measurements, both in-situ and remote, in this Arctic environment.

2021 年和 2022 年夏季，在斯瓦尔巴群岛斯匹次卑尔根西部的北极峡湾和沿岸水域测量了表层海水样本中悬浮颗粒的固有光学特性（IOPs）和特征。测量的 IOPs 包括悬浮颗粒物的光谱后向散射和散射系数，以及悬浮颗粒物及其非海藻颗粒物和浮游植物成分的光谱吸收系数。通过测量悬浮颗粒物 (SPM)、有机颗粒物 (POM)、无机颗粒物 (PIM) 和浮游植物色素（包括叶绿素-a (Chla)）的质量浓度，确定了颗粒物组合的特征。所调查的沿岸水域的颗粒物特征和相关的 IOPs 变化很大。我们观察到 SPM 和微粒 IOPs 的变化超过两个数量级，Chla 的变化从低于检测限到超过 3 毫克/立方米不等。有机部分对 SPM 的贡献（POM/SPM 比值）从 0.05 到 0.6 不等，而 Chla/SPM 比值则超过三个数量级，最大值为 10-3 数量级。因此，质量比光学系数，尤其是颗粒物的质量比背散射和散射系数以及非海藻颗粒物的质量比吸收系数，呈现出较大的变化。此外，我们的研究还证明了以 POM/SPM 和 Chla/SPM 比率为参数的悬浮颗粒物成分变化对 IOPs 的影响。研究提供了各种光学系数的光谱参数变体，它们与颗粒物特征之间存在单变量或多变量关系。这些参数对所调查的斯瓦尔巴特地区北极沿岸水域具有代表性，可用于更好地解释北极环境中的原位和遥感光学测量结果。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling the structure changes of cold-water copepods Calanus euxinus population under the influence of the black sea depths deoxygenation 建立黑海深度脱氧影响下冷水桡足类(Calanus euxinus)种群结构变化的模型

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104017

Elena Vasechkina , Victor Melnikov

The paper presents the results of modeling the possible changes in the structure of the population of Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991 copepods in the Black Sea under the influence of deoxygenation that began in the late 1980s. Over the past 50 years, the depth of oxygen penetration in the deep sea has decreased by almost 50 m. The lower “life limit” of zooplankton in the Black Sea corresponds to the upper boundary of the suboxic layer, where intense copepod aggregation occurs at an oxygen concentration of 10 μM /L. In 1955–1976, this boundary was 130–140 m across the sea, but due to eutrophication and climate change since late 1980s, it has risen in deep water areas to 70–80 m. As a result, the dense copepod layers near the redoxcline and especially their reserve population stock, consisting of non-migrating individuals in diapause, may have been subjected to intensive eating by the Black Sea sprat, which lives to a depth of 100 m and can tolerate hypoxia. To explore this process, we created a new population dynamics model for C. euxinus, which makes it possible to assess changes in the abundance and structure of the population under conditions of a quasi-stationary state and during intensive predation of individuals in diapause. The model describes the dynamics of the Сalanus population based on a statistical description of the relationship between the growth of individuals, their fecundity, the duration of diapause, mortality, and environmental conditions: the concentration of food suspension and temperature in the layer of vertical migration. We put forward the hypothesis that the access of small pelagic fish to the concentration layers of copepods in diapause has a key effect on significant changes in the Black Sea ecosystem, associated with a decrease in the supply of forage plankton and fluctuations in the abundance of pelagic fish.

本文介绍了在 20 世纪 80 年代末开始的脱氧作用影响下，黑海 Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991 桡足类种群结构可能发生的变化的建模结果。黑海浮游动物的 "生命下限 "与亚氧层的上边界相对应，在亚氧层中，当氧气浓度为 10 μM /L 时，桡足类就会大量聚集。1955-1976年，该边界在整个海域为130-140米，但自20世纪80年代末以来，由于富营养化和气候变化，该边界在深水区已上升到70-80米。因此，氧化还原线附近的密集桡足类层，尤其是由处于休眠期的非迁移个体组成的后备种群，可能已被生活在100米深处并能耐受缺氧的黑海鲱鱼大量捕食。为了探索这一过程，我们创建了一个新的欧氏鳕种群动力学模型，该模型可以评估在准静止状态下和在处于休眠期的个体被密集捕食期间种群数量和结构的变化。该模型描述了Сalanus种群的动态，其基础是对个体的生长、繁殖力、休眠期的持续时间、死亡率和环境条件（食物悬浮物的浓度和垂直迁移层的温度）之间关系的统计描述。我们提出的假设是，小型中上层鱼类进入处于休眠期的桡足类聚集层对黑海生态系统的重大变化具有关键影响，这种变化与饲料浮游生物供应的减少和中上层鱼类数量的波动有关。

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引用次数: 0

Do coastal or equatorial wind anomalies drive the Indian Ocean Dipole? 是沿岸风异常还是赤道风异常驱动了印度洋偶极子？

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104016

Jochen Kämpf

Based on first scientific principles, this study shows that both equatorial and coastal wind anomalies influence the development of positive phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in the south-east tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). While southeasterly winds are favorable for upwelling along Sumatra's southwest coast, zonal equatorial wind anomalies are the main control of IOD variability given that the resultant Kelvin wave enhances or suppresses the Sumatran upwelling. Many previous studies have argued that easterly equatorial wind anomalies in the SETIO are essential for triggering the positive Bjerknes feedback, and thereby, the development of positive IOD (pIOD) events. With a focus on the particularly strong pIOD event of 2019, here we show that pIOD events can also evolve in the absence of zonal equatorial wind anomalies. Hence, it is possible that the Bjerknes feedback along the equator is less involved in IOD variability than previously thought.

根据第一科学原理，这项研究表明，赤道风和沿岸风异常都会影响东南热带印度洋（SETIO）印度洋偶极子（IOD）正相的发展。虽然东南风有利于苏门答腊岛西南沿岸的上升流，但由于由此产生的开尔文波会增强或抑制苏门答腊岛的上升流，因此带状赤道风异常是控制印度洋偶极子变化的主要因素。以前的许多研究都认为，东南印度洋海域的赤道东风异常是触发比克尼斯正反馈的关键，从而导致正IOD（pIOD）事件的发生。在此，我们以 2019 年特别强烈的 pIOD 事件为重点，说明 pIOD 事件也可以在没有带状赤道风异常的情况下发生。因此，沿赤道的谢尔克斯反馈在 IOD 变率中的作用可能比以前认为的要小。

引用次数: 0

Dissolved calcium issues in estuaries and marine areas: Review of the Chinese Coast 河口和海域的溶解钙问题：中国海岸回顾

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104015

Zhe Zhang , Ximing Zhang , Lixin Yi

Dissolved calcium plays a critical role in coastal environments, influencing marine ecosystems and fisheries. This review comprehensively examines current research on dissolved calcium along China's coast. Despite its importance, research on dissolved calcium in China's estuarine and coastal areas is still in its early stages, spanning estuaries, continental shelf seas, and bays, yet with limited literature available. This review advocates for the use of automated EGTA (C₁₄H₂₄N₂O₁₀) potentiometric titration for accurate determination and quality control of dissolved calcium. Alternative techniques, such as ion chromatography and ICP-MS, are also viable options, while methods like fluorescence, capillary zone electrophoresis, and pulsed constant current control should be approached cautiously. Thermodynamics, terrestrial inputs, biological activity, and calcification influence dissolved calcium dynamics, resulting in its excess presence. Investigating the distribution and contributing processes of this excess calcium poses significant research challenges. Special scenarios including sea ice, submarine groundwater discharge, and hydrothermal vents warrant further investigation for their impact on excess calcium. Discrepancies between Ω_arag calculated from measured dissolved calcium and carbonate (CO₃²⁻), and apparent solubility product (K_sp) versus calcium-salt ratios, may introduce inaccuracies in acidification assessments. The intricate nature of calcium ions and their geochemical implications should be carefully considered when studying coastal acidification effects on the calcium carbonate system. While focusing on China's coastal regions, insights from these studies could substantially contribute to global research and management of coastal acidification.

溶解钙在沿岸环境中起着至关重要的作用，影响着海洋生态系统和渔业。本综述全面考察了中国沿海溶解钙的研究现状。尽管中国河口和沿海地区的溶解钙研究十分重要，但目前仍处于早期阶段，研究范围包括河口、大陆架海域和海湾，可获得的文献有限。本综述提倡使用自动 EGTA（C14H24N2O10）电位滴定法对溶解钙进行准确测定和质量控制。离子色谱法和 ICP-MS 等替代技术也是可行的选择，而荧光、毛细管区电泳和脉冲恒流控制等方法则应谨慎对待。热力学、陆地输入、生物活动和钙化都会影响溶解钙的动力学，导致钙过量存在。调查过量钙的分布和形成过程是一项重大的研究挑战。海冰、海底地下水排放和热液喷口等特殊情况对过量钙的影响值得进一步研究。根据测量到的溶解钙和碳酸盐（CO32-）计算出的Ωarag，以及表观溶度积（Ksp）与钙盐比值之间的差异，可能会给酸化评估带来误差。在研究沿岸酸化对碳酸钙系统的影响时，应仔细考虑钙离子的复杂性及其地球化学影响。虽然这些研究的重点是中国沿海地区，但它们对全球沿岸酸化的研究和管理具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mid-Summer observations of water column physical properties and circulation in the San Jorge Gulf (Patagonian Shelf) 圣豪尔赫湾（巴塔哥尼亚大陆架）仲夏水柱物理特性和环流观测数据

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104014

Juan Cruz Carbajal , Cédric Chavanne

In this study, we present detailed insights into the mid-summer density field and flow patterns within the San Jorge Gulf (Patagonian Shelf of Argentina). Utilizing unique data acquired from a towed undulating vehicle equipped with a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor and a hull-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), we investigate the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the density structure and associated currents. Our observations reveal the presence of a distinctive bottom dome-like structure comprised of dense, cold, and saline waters in the central basin of the gulf during mid-summer. Analysis of the flow dynamics indicates the presence of a near-geostrophic flow regime sustaining this dense water feature. Furthermore, our study highlights the significant role of ageostrophic velocities, primarily influenced by the modulation of pycnocline thickness by M₂+M₄ internal tides. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the oceanographic processes governing the mid-summer dynamics in the San Jorge Gulf, shedding light on the interaction between density structures and associated currents. Such insights are essential for advancing our knowledge of coastal ocean circulation and its implications for various ecological and environmental phenomena.

在本研究中，我们详细介绍了圣豪尔赫湾（阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚大陆架）内的仲夏密度场和流动模式。我们利用配备了电导率-温度-深度（CTD）传感器和船体安装的声学多普勒海流剖面仪（ADCP）的拖曳式起伏潜水器获取的独特数据，研究了密度结构和相关海流的空间分布和时间演变。我们的观测结果表明，仲夏时节，海湾中部海盆中存在一个独特的海底穹顶状结构，由浓密、寒冷的盐水组成。对水流动力学的分析表明，这种稠密的水域是由一种近地养水流机制维持的。此外，我们的研究还强调了老化速度的重要作用，它主要受 M2+M4 内潮对 pycnocline 厚度的调节作用的影响。这些发现有助于更深入地了解圣乔治湾夏季中期动态的海洋学过程，揭示密度结构与相关海流之间的相互作用。这些见解对于增进我们对沿岸海洋环流及其对各种生态和环境现象的影响的了解至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Climate drivers of phytoplankton production along the Chilean coast 智利沿海浮游植物生产的气候驱动因素

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104013

Felipe Tornquist, Grant R. Bigg, Robert G. Bryant

The west coast of South America is known for its high primary productivity. The level of phytoplankton can be measured through satellite images that detect chlorophyll (Chl), which is dependent on several oceanographic and meteorological parameters. Climate drivers such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southeast Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone (SPSA) affect these parameters and, consequently, the phytoplankton. The objective of this study was to identify the impact of ENSO on SPSA, climate variables, and phytoplankton patterns. Composites were created using the years selected with either strongly positive or negative ENSO to understand their influence on different parameters. To create the Chl composite, it was necessary to extend it using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) based on the sea surface temperature (SST) pattern. The study concludes that ENSO has a noticeable impact on Chl, mainly in the Southern Zone during the warm season. This is driven by the expansion of SPSA to the South, which increases the sea level pressure (SLP) in that region. However, predicting the Chl concentration has a high degree of uncertainty due to its complexity.

南美洲西海岸以初级生产力高而闻名。浮游植物的数量可以通过检测叶绿素（Chl）的卫星图像来测量，而叶绿素取决于几个海洋和气象参数。厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）和东南太平洋副热带反气旋（SPSA）等气候驱动因素会影响这些参数，进而影响浮游植物。本研究的目的是确定厄尔尼诺/南方涛动对 SPSA、气候变量和浮游植物模式的影响。通过选择厄尔尼诺/南方涛动呈强阳性或负性的年份来创建复合参数，以了解其对不同参数的影响。为了创建叶绿素复合图，有必要使用基于海表温度（SST）模式的典型相关分析（CCA）对其进行扩展。研究得出结论，厄尔尼诺/南方涛动对 Chl 有明显影响，主要是在暖季的南区。这是由于南太平洋稳定带向南扩展，增加了该地区的海平面压力（SLP）。然而，由于其复杂性，预测 Chl 浓度具有很大的不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

A multidecadal study of the Malabar upwelling system influencing Indian Mackerel landings along the coasts of Karnataka and Kerala, south-east Arabian Sea 马拉巴尔上升流系统影响印度鲭鱼在阿拉伯海东南部卡纳塔克邦和喀拉拉邦沿岸上岸量的多年代研究

IF 2.7 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.104012

Sneha Jha, Surya Datta Sudhakar, Swarnali Majumder, Sudheer Joseph, T.M. Balakrishnan Nair

Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is an essential small pelagic fishery resource, contributing to nearly 30 % of India's total marine fish landing. However, this species' life cycle and stock status are poorly understood and data deficient. Ocean mesoscale events are also known to influence their landing, besides the environmental factors like- salinity, chlorophyll, and sea surface temperature, affecting these small pelagic fishes' availability, migration, feeding, and reproductive activity. The Malabar upwelling region (southwest coast of India) is a significant upwelling system where upwelling occurs during the monsoon months. The nutrient-rich water increases the productivity of surface water, leading to plankton abundance. This productivity sustains a fishery for several commercially important fishes, mainly small pelagics such as sardines, mackerels, and anchovies, supporting India's most significant coastal pelagic fishery. For understanding the relationship between the target fish and the oceanographic events, in the present study, Pearson's correlation has been estimated between Indian Mackerel landing, rainfall, Sea water temperature at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 50 m depths, mixed layer depth (MLD), their anomalies and occurrences of potential fishing zone (PFZ) lines along the Malabar upwelling region and corresponding coasts of Karnataka and Kerala. Mackerel landing time series showed a significant autocorrelation in four-quarter lag, correlation with rainfall anomaly in one-quarter lag, with PFZ line and MLD in three-quarter lag, and with SWT@50 (Seawater temperature@50 m depth) and SST anomaly in two-quarter lag both in Karnataka and Kerala. Upwelling events, as indicated by the presence of PFZ lines, were found to significantly impact the landings of Indian mackerel along the Karnataka and Kerala coasts. Polynomial equations were used to model the relationship between mackerel landings and these environmental factors, effectively capturing the influence of these parameters on mackerel catch trends.

印度鲭（Rastrelliger kanagurta）是一种重要的小型中上层渔业资源，占印度海洋鱼类上岸总量的近 30%。然而，人们对这一物种的生命周期和种群状况了解甚少，数据也很缺乏。除了盐度、叶绿素和海面温度等环境因素会影响这些小型中上层鱼类的供应、洄游、觅食和繁殖活动外，海洋中尺度事件也会影响它们的上岸。马拉巴尔上升流区域（印度西南海岸）是一个重要的上升流系统，在季风月份会出现上升流。营养丰富的海水提高了表层水的生产力，导致浮游生物大量繁殖。这种生产力维持着几种具有重要商业价值的鱼类的捕捞，主要是沙丁鱼、鲭鱼和凤尾鱼等小型中上层鱼类，支撑着印度最重要的沿海中上层渔业。为了解目标鱼类与海洋事件之间的关系，本研究估算了印度鲭鱼上岸量、降雨量、0、10、20、30、45 和 50 米水深海水温度、混合层深度（MLD）、其异常值以及马拉巴尔上升流区域和卡纳塔克邦和喀拉拉邦相应海岸潜在捕鱼区（PFZ）线的出现之间的皮尔逊相关性。在卡纳塔克邦和喀拉拉邦，鲭鱼上岸时间序列在四个季度滞后期显示出明显的自相关性，在一个季度滞后期与降雨异常相关，在三个季度滞后期与潜在捕鱼区线和 MLD 相关，在两个季度滞后期与 SWT@50（海水温度@50 米深度）和 SST 异常相关。在卡纳塔克邦和喀拉拉邦沿岸，PFZ 线的出现表明上升流事件对印度鲭上岸量有显著影响。使用多项式方程模拟了鲭鱼上岸量与这些环境因素之间的关系，有效地捕捉到了这些参数对鲭鱼捕获量趋势的影响。

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