Journal of Marine Systems最新文献_第3页

Vertical distribution of chaetognaths and their role as biological indicators of water masses in the Cape Verde frontal zone (NW Africa) 佛得角锋面区毛囊鞘的垂直分布及其作为水团生物指示物的作用

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104160

Antonio Sánchez-Díez , Airam N. Sarmiento-Lezcano , Jonah Díaz-Cruz , Santiago Hernández-León , José M. Landeira

The Cape Verde Frontal Zone (CVFZ) is an area located in the southern boundary of the Canary Current. The interaction between the Cape Verde Front and the Mauritanian coastal upwelling promotes an area of highly dynamic water mass circulation, enhancing primary production and zooplankton biomass and abundance. Chaetognaths are a main component of zooplankton in oceanic areas, and they are poorly studied besides their important role as predators and their distribution matching specific water masses. Our aim was to study the effect of water mass dynamics on the distribution and abundance of the chaetognath community in an area of important water mass interaction, and to test their role as ocean bio-indicators. We studied the species composition, vertical distribution, size structure, and gonadal development of chaetognaths at six stations located at the CVFZ. Vertical stratified sampling covering epi- and mesopelagic depths were analyzed to assess the match of chaetognaths with different water masses. We found a total of 18 species of chaetognaths. The most frequent species was Flaccisagitta enflata (41.37 %), followed by Serratosagitta serratodentata (18.15 %), and Pterosagitta draco (14.92 %). The distribution patterns of six chaetognath species in the CVFZ were closely associated with oceanographic events and water masses, being Eukrohnia hamata a bio-indicator of Mauritanian upwelling. Flaccisagita enflata was associated with the mixed layer, Decipisagitta decipiens with the South Atlantic Central Water of 18 °C and Decipisagitta sibogae with the Northeast Atlantic Central Water of 15 °C, while Eukrohnia fowleri and Caecosagitta macrocephala were associated with the SubPolar Mode Water. These findings highlight the biodiversity of chaetognath community in the CVFZ and their importance to study their relationship with oceanic habitats in a scenario of climate change.

佛得角锋区（CVFZ）是位于加那利海流南部边界的一个区域。佛得角锋和毛里塔尼亚沿海上升流之间的相互作用促进了一个高度动态水团循环的区域，提高了初级生产和浮游动物生物量和丰度。毛齿纲是海洋浮游动物的重要组成部分，除了具有重要的捕食作用和与特定水体相匹配的分布外，对其研究较少。本研究的目的是在一个重要的水团相互作用区域，研究水团动力学对毛齿纲群落分布和丰度的影响，并测试其作为海洋生物指标的作用。研究了长江三角洲6个站点毛齿鱼的种类组成、垂直分布、大小结构和性腺发育情况。对覆盖浅层和中层的垂直分层取样进行了分析，以评价不同水体质量的毛齿体的匹配性。我们一共发现了18种毛齿动物。最常见的种类是扁花翼龙（41.37%），其次是锯齿翼龙（18.15%）和龙翼龙（14.92%）。6种毛齿纲的分布格局与海洋事件和水团密切相关，是茅利塔尼亚上升流的生物指示物。Flaccisagita enflata与混合层有关，Decipisagitta decipiens与18°C的南大西洋中心水有关，Decipisagitta sibogae与15°C的东北大西洋中心水有关，而Eukrohnia fowleri和Caecosagitta macrocephala与亚极模态水有关。这些发现突出了在气候变化的情况下，CVFZ毛齿纲群落的生物多样性及其对研究其与海洋栖息地关系的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Northernmost record in the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic) of two leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of southern affinity 比斯开湾（大西洋东北部）最北端有两种具有南部亲缘关系的细尾类水螅（刺胞纲：水螅纲）的记录

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104158

Álvaro Altuna , Marie-Noëlle de Casamajor , Ana de la Torriente , Stephane Sartoretto , Benoit Gouillieux , Alberto Serrano

Two leptothecate hydroids of southern affinity, Sertularella ornata Broch, 1933 and Sertularelloides cylindritheca (Allman, 1888) were collected in the southern sector of the Bay of Biscay off Saint Jean de Luz (France). The latter was also seen during several ROV surveys on rocky communities along the Cantabrian Sea and northwestern Spain. Each of the two species is herein described and illustrated and their worldwide distribution, bathymetric ranges and reproductive periods, revised; additionally, we allocate them in their biocoenological context, providing in situ images. The northern boundary limits are extended for both hydroids, which are new records for the Atlantic coast of France; the latter belongs to a genus previously unrecorded in the French mainland fauna. We also discuss the importance of having inventories of the sessile fauna of the exceptional sites at study, for the sake of their protection and detection of future modifications due to climate change.

在法国圣让德卢兹附近的比斯开湾南部海域采集到两种具有南部亲缘关系的细尾鱼，Sertularella ornata Broch， 1933年和Sertularelloides圆柱形鱼（Allman， 1888年）。在Cantabrian海和西班牙西北部的岩石社区进行的几次ROV调查中也发现了后者。本文对这两个物种中的每一个进行了描述和说明，并对它们的世界分布、水深范围和繁殖周期进行了修订；此外，我们在其生物群落背景下分配它们，提供原位图像。两种流体的北部边界范围都有所扩大，这是法国大西洋沿岸的新记录；后者属于一个以前在法国大陆动物群中没有记录的属。我们还讨论了对研究中特殊地点的无根动物进行清单的重要性，以保护它们并检测未来因气候变化而引起的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Physical and biogeochemical variability in the Gulf of La Spezia (Eastern Ligurian Sea, Italy): insights from a new high-resolution coastal observatory 拉斯佩齐亚湾（意大利东利古里亚海）的物理和生物地球化学变异：来自新的高分辨率海岸观测站的见解

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104156

Tiziana Ciuffardi , Silvia Becagli , Giancarlo Raiteri , Andrea Bordone , Erica Gabrielli , Marcello G. Magaldi , Andrea Peirano , Fabio Piccolin , Petrika Gjanci , Chiara Petrioli , Daniele Spaccini , Marinella Abbate , Ivo Rossetti , Paolo Varrella , Chiara Lombardi

Coastal marine shallow sites exhibit high biological richness and diversity while experiencing substantial fluctuations in seawater physical and chemical variables. The complexity of coastal processes and dynamics, exacerbated by the climate change effects, are making difficult to predict the fate of marine coastal systems.

High-resolution observatories enable big data acquisition through continuous monitoring, improve the real-time detection of oceanic changes, especially at local scale, and provide essential data for marine system predictions and early warning capabilities for maritime activities. However, comprehensive long-term, high-resolution datasets in coastal areas are still limited.

Smart Bay Santa Teresa underwater observatory, a new high-resolution system located in the Eastern Ligurian Sea, provided physical and biogeochemical data continuously from 2021 to 2024. Physical data confirmed a warming trend of 0.045 °C per year in the study area, consistent with global climate change patterns, and increased frequency and intensity of Marine Heatwaves, especially in 2022–2023. Biogeochemical data revealed an enriched carbonate environment, despite the short-term perturbations, and a shift of biogenic and thermal control of the carbonate system through seasons favoring biogenic carbonate development (i.e. mussels' reefs). Interestingly, the balance between CO₂ stock and release, derived from biogenic calcification, revealed that the area as an active carbon sink, especially in winter and spring.

The ecological value and biodiversity of the coastal marine ecosystems coexisting with highly anthropogenic areas make the site ideal to monitor the interacting effects of global warming, local hydrodynamics, and seasonal biogeochemical processes through integrated monitoring approaches.

沿海浅海生境具有较高的生物丰富度和多样性，但海水物理和化学变量波动较大。气候变化的影响加剧了沿海过程和动态的复杂性，使海洋沿海系统的命运难以预测。高分辨率观测站通过连续监测实现大数据采集，提高对海洋变化的实时检测，特别是在局部尺度上，并为海洋系统预测和海洋活动预警能力提供必要数据。然而，沿海地区全面的长期高分辨率数据集仍然有限。智能湾圣特蕾莎水下观测站是位于东利古里亚海的新型高分辨率系统，从2021年到2024年连续提供物理和生物地球化学数据。物理数据证实了研究区每年升温0.045°C的趋势，与全球气候变化模式一致，并且海洋热浪的频率和强度增加，特别是在2022-2023年。生物地球化学数据显示，尽管有短期的扰动，但碳酸盐岩环境丰富，碳酸盐岩系统的生物和热控制随着季节的变化而变化，有利于生物碳酸盐岩的发育（即贻贝礁）。有趣的是，由生物钙化引起的二氧化碳储量和释放之间的平衡表明，该地区是一个活跃的碳汇，特别是在冬季和春季。沿海海洋生态系统的生态价值和生物多样性与高度人为区域共存，使该站点成为通过综合监测方法监测全球变暖、当地水动力学和季节性生物地球化学过程相互作用的理想场所。

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引用次数: 0

Mid-late holocene elemental and isotopic carbon from the Xinghua Bay: Exploration of terrestrial organic carbon sources and relationship to the east Asian monsoon 兴化湾中晚全新世元素碳和同位素碳：陆相有机碳源及其与东亚季风的关系

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104157

Xin Fan , Jinrong Wang , Xin Xu , Lianbao Chi , Xin Li , Yongchao Wang , Yanna Huang , Jing Li

Sedimentary organic carbon (OC) in coastal areas can effectively document changes in climate and environment. In this study, multi-biogeochemical date from core XHB-5 in Xinghua Bay were analyzed to elucidate the primary factors influencing the origins and changes of buried OC over the past 5.5 k years. Constrained by the coupled δ¹³C and C/N ratios, the sedimentary OC was a combination of terrestrial OC sourced from nearshore riverine input and marine OC, with minimal influence from the Changjiang River or muddy belt. A two-end-member mixing model based on OC isotopes indicated that terrestrial OC (63.3 ± 7.8 %) was the predominant OC source during 5.5–3.6 cal. Kyr BP, whereas marine OC (60.6 ± 5.1 %) has been the dominant contributor since 3.6 cal. Kyr BP. The downcore changes in the proportions of terrestrial OC and marine OC contents can reflect the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. However, the variation in terrestrial OC contents did not align consistently with East Asian summer monsoon records, potentially due to the influence of sediment grain size and sediment accumulation rate on the burial of OC. Furthermore, the increasing anthropogenic activities since 1.6 cal. Kyr BP may also have had a significant impact on terrestrial OC contents.

沿海地区沉积有机碳（OC）可以有效地记录气候和环境的变化。本文通过对兴化湾XHB-5岩心的多生物地球化学数据的分析，探讨了影响兴化湾近5.5 k年来埋藏OC成因和变化的主要因素。在δ13C和C/N的耦合约束下，沉积OC是近岸河流输入的陆相OC和海相OC的组合，长江和泥质带对沉积OC的影响最小。基于OC同位素的双端元混合模式表明，在5.5 ~ 3.6 cal. Kyr BP期间，陆地OC（63.3±7.8%）是主要的OC来源，而自3.6 cal. Kyr BP以来，海洋OC（60.6±5.1%）是主要的OC来源。陆相和海相OC含量的下核变化可以反映东亚季风的演变。然而，陆地OC含量的变化与东亚夏季风记录并不一致，这可能是由于沉积物粒度和沉积速率对OC埋藏的影响。此外，1.6 cal. Kyr BP以来人类活动的增加也可能对陆地OC含量产生了显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of winds and river discharge on the transport of microplastics in the world’s largest choked coastal lagoon (Patos Lagoon, Brazil) 风和河流排放对世界上最大的沿海阻塞泻湖（巴西帕托斯泻湖）微塑料运输的影响

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104154

Thais Teixeira Gava , Pablo Dias da Silva , Rémi Bouyssou , Grasiela Pinho , Elisa Fernandes

Microplastics (MPs) contamination poses a significant environmental challenge in aquatic ecosystems, including coastal lagoons. This study investigates how variations in wind patterns and river discharge influence MP distribution in Patos Lagoon, the world’s largest coastal choked lagoon, located in southern Brazil. We employed the TELEMAC-3D hydrodynamic model and the TrackMPD particle tracking model to simulate MPs trajectories during high and low river discharge periods in the southern springs of 2009 and 2010. Results reveal notable differences in MP distribution between high and low discharge periods. During high discharge, prevailing northeasterly winds facilitated MP transport towards the ocean, whereas low discharge and southerly winds led to the concentrations of MPs near the release points. Most MPs (approximately 60%) were concentrated between the surface and 3 meters depth in both scenarios. In low discharge periods, 82.5% of MPs remained within the lagoon compared to 63.7% during high discharge. Accumulation areas varied significantly, with a predominance in ports, estuarine areas, and the northern and central cells during high discharge, and in the southern regions of the lagoon, near the release points, as well as in port and estuarine areas during low discharge. These findings are critical for understanding MPs dynamics in Patos Lagoon and for guiding tailored management and mitigation strategies. They underscore the importance of considering wind patterns and river discharge variations in defining effective management strategies.

微塑料污染对包括沿海泻湖在内的水生生态系统构成了重大的环境挑战。这项研究调查了风模式和河流流量的变化如何影响帕托斯泻湖的MP分布，帕托斯泻湖是世界上最大的沿海窒息泻湖，位于巴西南部。利用TELEMAC-3D流体动力学模型和TrackMPD粒子跟踪模型，模拟了2009年和2010年南部春季河流流量高、流量低期间的MPs轨迹。结果显示，高、低放电周期的MP分布有显著差异。在高排放期间，盛行的东北风促进多氯丁酸向海洋输送，而低排放和南风则导致多氯丁酸在排放点附近集中。在这两种情况下，大多数MPs（约60%）都集中在地表和3米深度之间。在低流量期间，82.5%的MPs留在泻湖内，而在高流量期间，这一比例为63.7%。堆积区差异显著，高流量时主要集中在港口、河口区以及北部和中部单元，低流量时主要集中在泻湖南部靠近排放点的区域，以及港口和河口区。这些发现对于了解帕托斯泻湖MPs动态以及指导量身定制的管理和缓解策略至关重要。它们强调了在确定有效管理战略时考虑风型和河流流量变化的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling diurnal vertical migration of the fish-killing red-tide dinoflagellate Chattonella during massive bloom stages captured by an autonomous measurement platform 自主测量平台捕获的大规模水华期间，对杀死鱼类的赤潮鞭毛藻查顿菌的日垂直迁移进行建模

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104155

Kazuhiro Aoki , Koichi Sugimatsu

The red-tide dinoflagellate Chattonella marina complex is noted worldwide for causing mass mortality of aqua cultured fish. Understanding its physiology is critical for enhancing modeling techniques for forecasting blooms. This study aimed to construct a precise model for the diurnal vertical migration of Chattonella during a massive stage of a bloom. Continuous monitoring of vertical chlorophyll fluorescence confirmed pronounced diurnal rhythm of vertical migration with negative phototaxis under high photon flux density conditions. Monitoring data were used to estimate hourly mean swimming speed and its variation based on normal and bimodal normal distributions. Our models included two modal behaviors, ascending and descending, depending on the photon flux density during daytime. The best model successfully simulated the subsurface accumulation of Chattonella during daytime and the relatively broad accumulation in the deeper layers during nighttime as shown in field observations.

红潮鞭毛藻查通菌码头复合体因造成水产养殖鱼类大量死亡而闻名于世。了解其生理机能对提高花华预测的建模技术至关重要。本研究旨在建立一个精确的模型，在一个大规模的开花阶段查通菌的日垂直迁移。对垂直叶绿素荧光的连续监测证实，在高光子通量密度条件下，垂直迁移具有明显的日节律和负趋光性。监测数据用于估计每小时平均游泳速度及其基于正态分布和双峰正态分布的变化。我们的模型包括两个模态行为，上升和下降，取决于白天的光子通量密度。野外观测结果表明，最佳模型成功地模拟了白天查通菌在地下的积累和夜间较深层的相对广泛的积累。

引用次数: 0

Citizen science study on maritime traffic and plastic debris in Asturias estuaries 阿斯图里亚斯河口海上交通和塑料垃圾的公民科学研究

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104153

Lucía Rivas-Iglesias , Álvaro Gutiérrez-Rodríguez , Sara Fernández , Eleanor Casement , Deva Menéndez-Teleña , Iris Carrera-Rodríguez , Eduardo Dopico , Verónica Soto-López , Eva Garcia-Vazquez

Worldwide shipping currently moves some 11 billion tons per year and is expected to grow by at least 240 % by 2050. However, the increase in maritime traffic can also create challenges in terms of pollution, safety, and conservation of the marine environment. Maritime traffic on the Asturian Coast is an important part of the region's economic activity, with the estuary of Avilés being a key point for the entry and departure of merchant traffic as well as fishing and recreational traffic. There are also smaller fishing ports and marinas such as San Juan de la Arena (Nalón River estuary) or Ribadesella (Sella River estuary) with a long tradition of both fishing and recreational boating. In this citizen science study, maritime traffic was analyzed in the three estuaries. Water samples were taken from these ports to determine the concentration and types of microplastics through filtration and examination under the stereomicroscope. Marine litter was surveyed from adjacent beaches, also with the help of citizen volunteers. The results obtained from the analysis showed highly significant differences between ports for both the type of plastic litter and microplastics pollution, according to the type of maritime traffic and the port size. The microplastics were directly associated with the number of vessels in each estuary and did not differ in the types of polymers, suggesting a common marine origin. This research shows the importance of implementing sustainable management measures to ensure that maritime traffic on the Asturian Coast develops in an environmentally friendly way.

目前，全球航运业每年的运输量约为110亿吨，预计到2050年将增长至少240%。然而，海上交通的增加也会在污染、安全和海洋环境保护方面带来挑战。阿斯图里亚海岸的海上交通是该地区经济活动的重要组成部分，阿维尔海姆斯河口是商船进出以及捕鱼和娱乐交通的关键地点。也有较小的渔港和码头，如圣胡安德拉竞技场（Nalón河河口）或Ribadesella（塞拉河河口）与钓鱼和休闲划船的悠久传统。在这项公民科学研究中，对三个河口的海上交通进行了分析。从这些港口采集水样，通过过滤和体视显微镜检查，确定微塑料的浓度和类型。在公民志愿者的帮助下，对邻近海滩的海洋垃圾进行了调查。分析结果显示，根据海上交通类型和港口规模，港口之间的塑料垃圾和微塑料污染类型存在高度显著差异。微塑料与每个河口的船只数量直接相关，并且在聚合物类型上没有差异，这表明它们有共同的海洋起源。这项研究显示了实施可持续管理措施的重要性，以确保阿斯图里亚海岸的海上交通以环保的方式发展。

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引用次数: 0

Risk analysis of invasive species by ballast water: Case study in the Port of Gijón, Bay of Biscay 压载水入侵物种风险分析：以比斯开湾Gijón港为例

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104148

Verónica Soto-López , Deva Menendez-Teleña , Eva Garcia-Vazquez , Marlene Bartolomé

Global transportation is increasing significantly, with maritime transport playing a central role in global trade, as approximately 90 % of goods are transported via sea routes. While ballast water is essential for maintaining ship stability and manoeuvrability, it also presents a major environmental risk due to its potential to unintentionally transport invasive species to new environments. If these species survive and establish in the recipient ecosystem, they may disrupt native communities, impact the economy, and pose threats to human health. Ships are therefore recognised as a primary vector for aquatic biological invasions, with the associated risk varying depending on the type and volume of ballast water carried.

This study aims to assess the risk of invasive species introduction via ballast water by analysing maritime traffic at the Port of Gijón over a 21-year period. Located in the Bay of Biscay, Gijón is particularly vulnerable to the ecological impacts of intensive maritime activity. Based on traffic data, we developed a semi-quantitative procedure to estimate the biological contamination risk posed by each vessel arriving at the port. The analysis identifies countries of origin associated with risk and, through the use of biological databases and an evaluation of environmental conditions for species survival, generates a risk map that categorizes potential invasive species.

The results suggest that vessels arriving from national ports pose the highest risk (40.59 %), followed by those from Portugal (10.48 %), the United Kingdom (8.89 %), and France (7.05 %). Based on traffic patterns, 23 potential invasive species were identified. Of these, 20 were categorized as high risk on the generated map, and 6 have already been confirmed as present in the study area.

A simple and easily replicable procedure is proposed, which port authorities can implement using only existing records of port entries and exits.

全球运输正在显著增加，海运在全球贸易中发挥着核心作用，因为大约90%的货物是通过海上航线运输的。虽然压载水对于维持船舶的稳定性和操纵性至关重要，但它也带来了重大的环境风险，因为它可能无意中将入侵物种运送到新的环境中。如果这些物种在接收生态系统中存活并建立，它们可能会破坏当地社区，影响经济，并对人类健康构成威胁。因此，船舶被认为是水生生物入侵的主要载体，其相关风险因所载压载水的类型和体积而异。本研究旨在通过分析Gijón港21年来的海上交通，评估通过压载水引入入侵物种的风险。Gijón位于比斯开湾，特别容易受到密集海上活动的生态影响。基于交通数据，我们开发了一种半定量程序来估计每艘到达港口的船只所造成的生物污染风险。该分析确定了与风险有关的原产国，并通过使用生物数据库和评估物种生存的环境条件，生成了一份风险图，对潜在入侵物种进行分类。结果表明，来自国家港口的船舶风险最高（40.59%），其次是来自葡萄牙（10.48%）、英国（8.89%）和法国（7.05%）。基于交通模式，确定了23种潜在入侵物种。其中，20个在生成的地图上被归类为高风险，6个已经被确认存在于研究区域。提出了一种简单且易于复制的程序，港口当局可以仅使用现有的港口入口和出口记录来实现该程序。

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引用次数: 0

Size-niche specific processes between mero- and holoplankton stabilize the continuum in size spectra of tropical estuarine and marine ecosystems 浮游生物和整体浮游生物之间的尺寸-生态位特定过程稳定了热带河口和海洋生态系统尺寸光谱的连续统

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104152

Denise Fabiana de Moraes Costa Schwamborn , Catarina da Rocha Marcolin , Nathália Lins-Silva , Morgana Brito-Lolaia , Alexandre Oliveira Almeida , Ralf Schwamborn

Size spectra contain key information on the functioning of ecosystems. Yet, the dynamic processes that shape a zooplankton size spectrum composed of numerous species and larval stages are still poorly documented. Normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS) were constructed to describe the total zooplankton, decapod larvae, and other mero- and ichthyoplankton in three areas of Tamandaré, Brazil. Bimonthly samples were obtained with a 300 μm mesh net, from 2013 to 2015, and analyzed with a ZooScan device. NBSS slopes were steeper than expected (Estuary: slope = −2.45 + − 0.16, Bay: slope = −1.81 + − 0.10, Shelf: slope = −1.80 + − 0.09), which was clearly due to the extremely high abundance of calanoid copepods (mostly Acartia spp.), especially in the Estuary. Removal of non-holoplanktonic organisms did not affect the NBSS slope, confirming the paradigm that the NBSS slope is a conservative property of ecosystems. We used permutation tests to compare the numbers of gaps in the size spectrum (i.e., empty bins). This emptiness test detected highly significant effects of non-holoplanktonic organisms on discrete holoplankton size fractions, in all study areas. Copepods were generally dominating in the size range < 3 mm Feret length. In the Estuary, brachyuran crab larvae, fish eggs, and caridean shrimp zoeae were most important, as meroplanktonic contributors to discrete niches in the size spectrum. In Shelf and Bay areas, penaeid postlarvae and fish larvae were the most relevant large-sized taxa, in units of biovolume. Density-dependent negative interactions (top-down regulation and functional replacement) occurred between same-sized brachyuran zoeae and copepods. The processes that shape taxon-specific size spectra into a “gap-free” spectrum are discussed under an evolutionary size-niche perspective. Our results show that continuous power law size spectra are likely shaped by size-structured interactions, taxon-specific size niche strategies (e.g., competitive exclusion), and top-down density-dependent food web regulation processes.

尺寸谱包含生态系统功能的关键信息。然而，形成由众多物种和幼虫阶段组成的浮游动物大小谱的动态过程仍然很少有文献记载。建立了归一化生物量大小谱（NBSS）来描述巴西tamandar三个海域的浮游动物、十足类幼虫和其他浮游生物和鱼类。2013 - 2015年，每两个月用300 μm网采集一次样品，并用ZooScan设备进行分析。NBSS的坡度比预期的要陡（河口：坡度= - 2.45 + - 0.16，海湾：坡度= - 1.81 + - 0.10，陆架：坡度= - 1.80 + - 0.09），这显然是由于类calanoid桡足类动物（主要是Acartia spp.）的丰度极高，特别是在河口。非全浮游生物的移除对NBSS坡度没有影响，证实了NBSS坡度是生态系统的保守属性。我们使用排列测试来比较尺寸谱中间隙的数量（即空箱）。该空性试验在所有研究区域检测到非整体浮游生物对离散整体浮游生物大小分数的高度显著影响。桡足类在3毫米体长范围内普遍占优势。在河口，短爪蟹幼体、鱼卵和齿形对虾是最重要的浮游生物，它们在大小谱上是离散生态位的贡献者。在陆架和海湾地区，以生物体积为单位，对虾幼虫和鱼类幼虫是最相关的大型分类群。相同大小的腕足动物和桡足动物之间存在密度依赖的负相互作用（自上而下的调节和功能替代）。从进化的角度讨论了将分类群特定尺寸光谱形成“无间隙”光谱的过程。我们的研究结果表明，连续幂律大小谱可能是由大小结构的相互作用、分类单元特定的大小生态位策略（如竞争排斥）和自上而下的依赖于密度的食物网调节过程形成的。

{"title":"Size-niche specific processes between mero- and holoplankton stabilize the continuum in size spectra of tropical estuarine and marine ecosystems","authors":"Denise Fabiana de Moraes Costa Schwamborn , Catarina da Rocha Marcolin , Nathália Lins-Silva , Morgana Brito-Lolaia , Alexandre Oliveira Almeida , Ralf Schwamborn","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Size spectra contain key information on the functioning of ecosystems. Yet, the dynamic processes that shape a zooplankton size spectrum composed of numerous species and larval stages are still poorly documented. Normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS) were constructed to describe the total zooplankton, decapod larvae, and other mero- and ichthyoplankton in three areas of Tamandaré, Brazil. Bimonthly samples were obtained with a 300 μm mesh net, from 2013 to 2015, and analyzed with a ZooScan device. NBSS slopes were steeper than expected (Estuary: slope = −2.45 + − 0.16, Bay: slope = −1.81 + − 0.10, Shelf: slope = −1.80 + − 0.09), which was clearly due to the extremely high abundance of calanoid copepods (mostly <em>Acartia</em> spp.), especially in the Estuary. Removal of non-holoplanktonic organisms did not affect the NBSS slope, confirming the paradigm that the NBSS slope is a conservative property of ecosystems. We used permutation tests to compare the numbers of gaps in the size spectrum (i.e., empty bins). This emptiness test detected highly significant effects of non-holoplanktonic organisms on discrete holoplankton size fractions, in all study areas. Copepods were generally dominating in the size range < 3 mm Feret length. In the Estuary, brachyuran crab larvae, fish eggs, and caridean shrimp zoeae were most important, as meroplanktonic contributors to discrete niches in the size spectrum. In Shelf and Bay areas, penaeid postlarvae and fish larvae were the most relevant large-sized taxa, in units of biovolume. Density-dependent negative interactions (top-down regulation and functional replacement) occurred between same-sized brachyuran zoeae and copepods. The processes that shape taxon-specific size spectra into a “gap-free” spectrum are discussed under an evolutionary size-niche perspective. Our results show that continuous power law size spectra are likely shaped by size-structured interactions, taxon-specific size niche strategies (e.g., competitive exclusion), and top-down density-dependent food web regulation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variation of surface chlorophyll-a concentration from 2003-2023 in the tropical western Pacific in response to the ENSO diversity 2003-2023年热带西太平洋表层叶绿素-a浓度对ENSO多样性的响应

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Marine Systems

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104150

Gao Wei , Shi Xingyu , Cao Xiaowei , Han Yanyu , Zhang Sudong , Fan Haixia , Xu Chenchen , Ma Benjun

The surface current system in the tropical western Pacific is pivotal for regulating local-to-global air-sea interactions by modulating ocean-atmosphere heat and mass exchange. However, two key knowledge gaps persist: the evolution of the region's hydro-ecological conditions (e.g., nutrient dynamics, phytoplankton biomass) and their response mechanisms to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. To address these, this study analyzed eco-hydro-climatic variations in the tropical western Pacific during ENSO events (2003−2022). Results show ENSO modulates surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) via a “three-level linkage mechanism”: ENSO signals first alter physical processes (sea level anomalies [SLA], boundary current velocities), which then regulate nutrient supply (vertical mixing, horizontal transport), ultimately driving differentiated Chl-a responses across sub-regions. Specifically, during El Niño: decreased SLA weakens upper-ocean stratification to enhance vertical nutrient supply; boundary currents (NGCC, NECC) show intensity-dependent responses (decreasing in weak-to-strong El Niño, increasing in the 2015/2016 super El Niño), leading to significant Chl-a increases in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WP) and Halmahera Eddy (HE) regions. During La Niña: stable SLA limits vertical nutrient supply, but enhanced westward currents compensate via horizontal transport to sustain WP region Chl-a growth; the HE region shows no Chl-a change due to reduced boundary current-driven nearshore nutrient input. Nutrient sensitivity further shapes responses: nitrate responds to super El Niño and all La Niña events, phosphate to moderate-to-strong La Niña, and silicate (HE region's key limiting nutrient) exhibits ENSO-linked extreme values. Open-ocean regions (A, B) and the Mindanao Eddy (ME) region have weak/no Chl-a-ENSO correlation, due to persistent stratification (A, B region) or weak eddy-driven supply (ME region). This study clarifies the ENSO-Chl-a cascade in the tropical western Pacific, filling gaps in hydro-ecological response understanding. By highlighting boundary current dynamics, sub-regional heterogeneity, and nutrient sensitivity, it provides a theoretical framework for predicting marine ecosystem changes under climate variability.

热带西太平洋的地表流系统通过调节海洋-大气热量和质量交换，对调节局地到全球的海气相互作用起着关键作用。然而，两个关键的知识缺口仍然存在：该地区水文生态条件（如营养动态、浮游植物生物量）的演变及其对El Niño-Southern涛动（ENSO）循环的响应机制。为了解决这些问题，本研究分析了热带西太平洋在ENSO事件期间（2003 - 2022）的生态水文气候变化。结果表明，ENSO信号通过“三级联动机制”调节地表叶绿素-a (Chl-a): ENSO信号首先改变物理过程（海平面异常、边界流速），然后调节养分供应（垂直混合、水平输送），最终驱动不同区域间不同的Chl-a响应。具体而言，在El Niño期间，SLA降低削弱了上层海洋分层，增加了垂直营养供应；边界流（NGCC、NECC）表现出强度依赖性响应（弱至强厄尔尼诺Niño减少，2015/2016年超级厄尔尼诺Niño增加），导致西太平洋暖池（WP）和哈马希拉涡旋（HE）区域的Chl-a显著增加。在La Niña期间：稳定的SLA限制了垂直养分供应，但增强的西流通过水平输送进行补偿，以维持WP区Chl-a的增长；由于边界流驱动的近岸养分输入减少，高通量区域没有Chl-a变化。养分敏感性进一步决定了反应：硝酸盐对超级El Niño和所有La Niña事件做出反应，磷酸盐对中至强La Niña做出反应，硅酸盐（HE区域的关键限制养分）表现出与enso相关的极端值。开放海域（A、B）和棉兰老涡旋（ME）区由于持续的分层作用（A、B区）或弱涡旋驱动的供给（ME区），Chl-a-ENSO相关性弱/不强。本研究阐明了热带西太平洋ENSO-Chl-a级联，填补了对水文生态响应认识的空白。通过强调边界流动力学、次区域异质性和养分敏感性，为预测气候变率下海洋生态系统的变化提供了理论框架。

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引用次数: 0