Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104151
Peihao Yang , Lingli Fan , Shujie Chang , Guodong Ye
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are prolonged anomalous sea temperature phenomena that affect marine ecosystems and their accurate prediction is of significance. In this study, a multivariate multi-granularity spatiotemporal graph neural network (MMS-GNN) based on a transformer is proposed. First, time series are sorted by period. The transformer is then used to capture the long-term dependency of various temporal granularities. Second, the entire marine region is divided into several subregions. The spatial dependency between different locations is then established by studying the changing trends between neighboring nodes. Third, a GNN is combined with a temporal convolutional network and employed to predict the collected information. Finally, experiments are conducted in the South China Sea using 40 years of observational data. Test results demonstrate that the proposed MMS-GNN can outperform other methods, meaning high effectiveness and flexibility of MMS-GNN for long-term MHW prediction.
{"title":"Marine heatwave prediction method for the South China Sea","authors":"Peihao Yang , Lingli Fan , Shujie Chang , Guodong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine heat waves (MHWs) are prolonged anomalous sea temperature phenomena that affect marine ecosystems and their accurate prediction is of significance. In this study, a multivariate multi-granularity spatiotemporal graph neural network (MMS-GNN) based on a transformer is proposed. First, time series are sorted by period. The transformer is then used to capture the long-term dependency of various temporal granularities. Second, the entire marine region is divided into several subregions. The spatial dependency between different locations is then established by studying the changing trends between neighboring nodes. Third, a GNN is combined with a temporal convolutional network and employed to predict the collected information. Finally, experiments are conducted in the South China Sea using 40 years of observational data. Test results demonstrate that the proposed MMS-GNN can outperform other methods, meaning high effectiveness and flexibility of MMS-GNN for long-term MHW prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104149
Carlos A.F. Schettini , Jurandir Pereira Filho , Leonardo R. Rörig
The Biguaçu River estuary is a small system that traverses a highly urbanized area and flows into a larger estuarine system, the Baía Norte, in Santa Catarina, Brazil, thus being subject to various anthropogenic stresses. In the present study, we investigated the hydrodynamic regime of this system, assessing sedimentary and biogeochemical dynamics to evaluate the role of this system as a source or sink of materials for the adjacent coastal zone. A sampling campaign was conducted to record hydrodynamic data (water level and currents) and water properties (salinity, temperature, suspended particulate matter (SPM), dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and phosphate), chlorophyll-a, and phycocyanin during two complete cycles of semi-diurnal tides (25 h) under spring tide and average river discharge conditions. The results allowed us to classify the estuary as partially stratified. Based on the Richardson number diagnosis, periods of increased mixing occurred during flood tides, while stable stratification was observed during ebb tides. The variability in SPM concentration was associated with resuspension processes during flood periods, while during ebb tides, the variability was associated with advection. The residual transport of SPM was directed into the estuary. The low levels of chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin found indicate low primary productivity within the estuary, likely due to light limitation or inadequate relative nutrient ratios. The hydrodynamics of this small-scale estuary tend not to favor the establishment of planktonic communities. Additionally, the apparent high organic load related to the poor wastewater treatment in the watershed tends to favor a saprobic rather than a trophic state, limiting autotrophic activity. Nutrient variation showed that nitrate is associated with riverine origin through the estuary, but for ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and phosphate, processes occurring in the bay also influenced the estuary.
{"title":"Suspended particulate matter and dissolved inorganic nutrients transport in a small urban shallow subtropical estuary","authors":"Carlos A.F. Schettini , Jurandir Pereira Filho , Leonardo R. Rörig","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Biguaçu River estuary is a small system that traverses a highly urbanized area and flows into a larger estuarine system, the Baía Norte, in Santa Catarina, Brazil, thus being subject to various anthropogenic stresses. In the present study, we investigated the hydrodynamic regime of this system, assessing sedimentary and biogeochemical dynamics to evaluate the role of this system as a source or sink of materials for the adjacent coastal zone. A sampling campaign was conducted to record hydrodynamic data (water level and currents) and water properties (salinity, temperature, suspended particulate matter (SPM), dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and phosphate), chlorophyll-<em>a</em>, and phycocyanin during two complete cycles of semi-diurnal tides (25 h) under spring tide and average river discharge conditions. The results allowed us to classify the estuary as partially stratified. Based on the Richardson number diagnosis, periods of increased mixing occurred during flood tides, while stable stratification was observed during ebb tides. The variability in SPM concentration was associated with resuspension processes during flood periods, while during ebb tides, the variability was associated with advection. The residual transport of SPM was directed into the estuary. The low levels of chlorophyll-<em>a</em> and phycocyanin found indicate low primary productivity within the estuary, likely due to light limitation or inadequate relative nutrient ratios. The hydrodynamics of this small-scale estuary tend not to favor the establishment of planktonic communities. Additionally, the apparent high organic load related to the poor wastewater treatment in the watershed tends to favor a saprobic rather than a trophic state, limiting autotrophic activity. Nutrient variation showed that nitrate is associated with riverine origin through the estuary, but for ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and phosphate, processes occurring in the bay also influenced the estuary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104147
Eleonora Puccinelli , Boris Espinasse , Brian P.V. Hunt , Fabienne Le Grand , Evgeny A. Pakhomov , Frédéric Planchon , Marine Remize , Philippe Soudant
Knowledge of the trophic ecology of zooplankton is essential for evaluating their functional roles in marine food webs and nutrient cycling since they represent the link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. Here we investigated the fatty acid (FA) composition of different zooplankton size classes and selected species collected in the vicinity of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in late austral summer 2018 as part of the MOBYDICK research project. The analysis revealed that zooplankton FA composition varied significantly across size classes and species but not among stations. Larger zooplankton (>1000 μm) generally had higher total FA (TFA) amounts per dry weight than smaller classes (22.1 ± 3.0 vs. 61.9 ± 11.8 mg g−1). Essential FAs (EFA) accounted for 40.5 ± 0.8 % of TFA, with 22:6n-3 (DHA) and 20:5n-3 (EPA) being the most prominent. Diatom trophic markers (TM) were abundant in larger zooplankton size classes, while non-diatom TM were more prevalent in smaller size classes. The FA-based nutritional quality index (NQI) of zooplankton was positively correlated with EFA and DHA, and it was higher than the NQI of phytoplankton concurrently collected, indicating that zooplankton has a better nutritional quality than primary producers. This study highlights the importance of size and species-specific dietary preferences in determining zooplankton FA profiles and the high nutritional quality of this group collected during late austral summer, which significantly contributes to our understanding of zooplankton's ecological role in sub-Antarctic pelagic food webs.
了解浮游动物的营养生态学对于评估它们在海洋食物网和营养循环中的功能作用至关重要，因为它们代表了初级生产者和更高营养水平之间的联系。作为MOBYDICK研究项目的一部分，我们研究了2018年夏末在亚南极凯尔盖伦群岛附近收集的不同浮游动物大小类别和选定物种的脂肪酸组成。分析表明，浮游动物FA组成在不同的大小类和种类之间存在显著差异，但在不同的站位之间没有显著差异。体型较大的浮游动物（>1000 μm）的总FA （TFA）含量通常高于体型较小的浮游动物（22.1±3.0 vs. 61.9±11.8 mg g - 1）。必需脂肪酸（EFA）占总脂肪酸的40.5±0.8%，其中以22:6n-3 （DHA）和20:5n-3 （EPA）最为突出。硅藻营养标记物（TM）在较大的浮游动物中丰富，而非硅藻营养标记物（TM）在较小的浮游动物中更为普遍。以fa为基础的浮游动物营养品质指数（NQI）与EFA和DHA呈正相关，且高于同期采集的浮游植物营养品质指数（NQI），说明浮游动物的营养品质优于初级生产者。这项研究强调了大小和物种特定饮食偏好在确定浮游动物FA谱和南夏末收集的这组浮游动物的高营养质量方面的重要性，这对我们理解亚南极浮游动物在远洋食物网中的生态作用有重要意义。
{"title":"The nutritional quality of zooplankton in the sub-antarctic Southern Ocean during late austral summer","authors":"Eleonora Puccinelli , Boris Espinasse , Brian P.V. Hunt , Fabienne Le Grand , Evgeny A. Pakhomov , Frédéric Planchon , Marine Remize , Philippe Soudant","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the trophic ecology of zooplankton is essential for evaluating their functional roles in marine food webs and nutrient cycling since they represent the link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. Here we investigated the fatty acid (FA) composition of different zooplankton size classes and selected species collected in the vicinity of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in late austral summer 2018 as part of the MOBYDICK research project. The analysis revealed that zooplankton FA composition varied significantly across size classes and species but not among stations. Larger zooplankton (>1000 μm) generally had higher total FA (TFA) amounts per dry weight than smaller classes (22.1 ± 3.0 vs. 61.9 ± 11.8 mg g<sup>−1</sup>). Essential FAs (EFA) accounted for 40.5 ± 0.8 % of TFA, with 22:6n-3 (DHA) and 20:5n-3 (EPA) being the most prominent. Diatom trophic markers (TM) were abundant in larger zooplankton size classes, while non-diatom TM were more prevalent in smaller size classes. The FA-based nutritional quality index (NQI) of zooplankton was positively correlated with EFA and DHA, and it was higher than the NQI of phytoplankton concurrently collected, indicating that zooplankton has a better nutritional quality than primary producers. This study highlights the importance of size and species-specific dietary preferences in determining zooplankton FA profiles and the high nutritional quality of this group collected during late austral summer, which significantly contributes to our understanding of zooplankton's ecological role in sub-Antarctic pelagic food webs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104146
Andrés M. Enríquez-Hidalgo , Andrés Vargas-Luna , Marc Mestres , Jorge Escobar-Vargas , Manuel Espino Infantes , Andrés Torres
Understanding Shoreline Displacement (SLD) in data- limited coastal regions, is critical for risk-informed management. We evaluate an integrated workflow that couples wave-hydrodynamic modeling, tide-corrected CoastSat satellite shorelines, and machine learning (ML) to characterize SLD drivers in Tumaco Bay on Colombia's southern pacific coast. Using data from 2017 to 2018, various structured meshes and advection schemes are tested. A 100 m mesh with a cyclic advection scheme best reproduced mesotidal dynamics when forced with TPXO8 tidal model for boundary conditions and wind data provided by a meteorological station. Model performance evaluated against Waverys reanalysis and available observations showed good skill, supporting application where in situ data are sparse. Multidecadal (1993–2024) CoastSat shoreline positions for El Morro and El Bajito beaches indicate an overall accretional tendency but found erosion hotspots affecting densely settled and touristic sectors. Regional wave conditions feature significant wave height (Hs) of 0.3–1.1 m, peak wave period (Tp) of 4–18 s, and predominantly westward wave approach, Random Forest (RF) results identify sea level (SL) and mean wave propagation direction (Θm) as the leading contributors to observed SLD variability, whereas Hs and Tp are secondary under the area's moderate wave energy. The study demonstrates the need to monitor localized erosion despite net accretion and demonstrate that combining physics-based modeling, open satellite archives, and data-driven methods can yield policy-relevant coastal insights in data-scarce tropical estuarine environments.
{"title":"Shoreline displacement assessment on the Pacific Coast of Colombia using numerical simulations, remote sensing and machine learning in a data-limited environment","authors":"Andrés M. Enríquez-Hidalgo , Andrés Vargas-Luna , Marc Mestres , Jorge Escobar-Vargas , Manuel Espino Infantes , Andrés Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding Shoreline Displacement (SLD) in data- limited coastal regions, is critical for risk-informed management. We evaluate an integrated workflow that couples wave-hydrodynamic modeling, tide-corrected CoastSat satellite shorelines, and machine learning (ML) to characterize SLD drivers in Tumaco Bay on Colombia's southern pacific coast. Using data from 2017 to 2018, various structured meshes and advection schemes are tested. A 100 m mesh with a cyclic advection scheme best reproduced mesotidal dynamics when forced with TPXO8 tidal model for boundary conditions and wind data provided by a meteorological station. Model performance evaluated against Waverys reanalysis and available observations showed good skill, supporting application where in situ data are sparse. Multidecadal (1993–2024) CoastSat shoreline positions for El Morro and El Bajito beaches indicate an overall accretional tendency but found erosion hotspots affecting densely settled and touristic sectors. Regional wave conditions feature significant wave height (H<sub>s</sub>) of 0.3–1.1 m, peak wave period (T<sub>p</sub>) of 4–18 s, and predominantly westward wave approach, Random Forest (RF) results identify sea level (SL) and mean wave propagation direction (Θm) as the leading contributors to observed SLD variability, whereas H<sub>s</sub> and T<sub>p</sub> are secondary under the area's moderate wave energy. The study demonstrates the need to monitor localized erosion despite net accretion and demonstrate that combining physics-based modeling, open satellite archives, and data-driven methods can yield policy-relevant coastal insights in data-scarce tropical estuarine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a high-resolution δ18O record from two cores of living massive Porites lutea, covering a time period from 1879 to 2003 CE in the southeastern Arabian Sea to understand regional climate variability. The age models were established using annual banding counts and U-Th dating technique. Results show δ18O values range from −5.45 to −4.41 ‰ and feature a monthly-resolved, decreasing δ18O trend over the entire 125 years, coinciding with a gradual increase in instrumental SST record. A marked decreasing coral-δ18O pattern was noticed for more recent years, in agreement with published coral-δ18O records from the Indian Ocean, suggesting a rapid rate of warming. The most negative δ18O (for any given year) occurs during peak summer and the least negative δ18O during peak southwest (SW) monsoon times. The seasonal δ18O amplitude lies mostly ∼0.6–0.7 ‰, indicating a combined effect of decreased sea surface temperature (SST) and increased sea surface salinity (SSS) during the SW monsoon times. Ordinary least squares linear regressions (OLS) analysis performed using the coral-δ18O and Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) values for three distinct time periods (1879 to 1924, 1939 to 1958 and 1988 to 2003 CE) yield the following equations: δ18O = −0.24 (±0.01) × SST (°C) + 1.9 (±0.32), δ18O = −0.29 (±0.01) × SST (°C) + 3.5 (±0.48) and δ18O = −0.25 (±0.02) × SST (°C) + 2.4 (±0.63). The coral record is characterized by a stepwise decreasing δ18O pattern and a dampening of δ18O signal during strong El-Niño Southern Oscillations years.
{"title":"A 125 years (1879–2003 CE) record of seasonal δ18O changes in a Porites lutea coral from the Lakshadweep Archipelago, southeastern Arabian Sea","authors":"Waseem Raza , Syed Masood Ahmad , Santosh Kumar Beja , Chun-Yuan Huang , Chuan-Chou Shen , E.V.S.S.K. Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a high-resolution δ<sup>18</sup>O record from two cores of living massive <em>Porites lutea</em>, covering a time period from 1879 to 2003 CE in the southeastern Arabian Sea to understand regional climate variability. The age models were established using annual banding counts and U-Th dating technique<em>.</em> Results show δ<sup>18</sup>O values range from −5.45 to −4.41 ‰ and feature a monthly-resolved, decreasing δ<sup>18</sup>O trend over the entire 125 years, coinciding with a gradual increase in instrumental SST record. A marked decreasing coral-δ<sup>18</sup>O pattern was noticed for more recent years, in agreement with published coral-δ<sup>18</sup>O records from the Indian Ocean, suggesting a rapid rate of warming. The most negative δ<sup>18</sup>O (for any given year) occurs during peak summer and the least negative δ<sup>18</sup>O during peak southwest (SW) monsoon times. The seasonal δ<sup>18</sup>O amplitude lies mostly ∼0.6–0.7 ‰, indicating a combined effect of decreased sea surface temperature (SST) and increased sea surface salinity (SSS) during the SW monsoon times. Ordinary least squares linear regressions (OLS) analysis performed using the coral-δ<sup>18</sup>O and Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) values for three distinct time periods (1879 to 1924, 1939 to 1958 and 1988 to 2003 CE) yield the following equations: δ<sup>18</sup>O = −0.24 (±0.01) × SST (°C) + 1.9 (±0.32), δ<sup>18</sup>O = −0.29 (±0.01) × SST (°C) + 3.5 (±0.48) and δ<sup>18</sup>O = −0.25 (±0.02) × SST (°C) + 2.4 (±0.63). The coral record is characterized by a stepwise decreasing δ<sup>18</sup>O pattern and a dampening of δ<sup>18</sup>O signal during strong El-Niño Southern Oscillations years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104145
Ricardo López-Alonso , Emma Shorter-Rodríguez , Esteban Pascual-Parra , Claudia González-Toral , Pablo Pereda-Bezanilla , María Díez-Muñoz , Verónica Soto-López , Deva Menéndez-Teleña , Iris Carrera-Rodríguez , Jesús Ángel García-Maza , Eduardo Cires , Andrés Arias
Biodiversity loss is one of nowadays best-known environmental problems. Biological invasions are acknowledged as one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. The globalisation phenomenon and subsequent spreading of invasive species cause damage to native ecosystems and harm the economy and health of the invaded areas. Harbours and marinas are among the main pathways that allow invasive species to enter new ranges. These anthropogenic structures provide a protected environment that allows the settlement of alien species. One of the questions that arises when dealing with this issue, is whether these invasive species can disperse and affect adjacent coastal areas. This work aims to characterise the diversity of exotic and invasive benthic fauna from four marinas of the northern Iberian Peninsula (Cantabrian Sea, Bay of Biscay) and eight neighbouring intertidal natural ecosystems, emphasising the introduction vectors. A great difference in terms of diversity was observed in each area, being more abundant in ports. In addition, according to our data, intertidal shores might be more resistant to biological invasions than harbours, which are highly degraded habitats. Most of the exotic species in ports have arrived through ballast water or biofouling, due to the high maritime traffic in the Cantabrian Sea. A total of 399 species were found. The dominant phylum was Mollusca (98 species), followed by Annelida (95 species) and Arthropoda with (88 species). According to their status, 26 species were catalogued as invasive, two as cryptogenic, six as exotic and 365 as native. Most invasive species belong to the phyla Bryozoa and Chordata. An Indicator Species Analysis identified two species indicatives of natural intertidal shores and 66 species of harbours. Additionally, PERMANOVA tests revealed significant differences in species composition among sampling sites. Information about exotic species can help increase knowledge regarding biological invasions and subsequently prevent them. It is also crucial to comprehend the biology of the species involved in order to predict their ecological and economic impacts.
{"title":"Unveiling the coastal diversity of benthic fauna of the Cantabrian Sea: Harbours and intertidal natural areas under the lens of invasive species","authors":"Ricardo López-Alonso , Emma Shorter-Rodríguez , Esteban Pascual-Parra , Claudia González-Toral , Pablo Pereda-Bezanilla , María Díez-Muñoz , Verónica Soto-López , Deva Menéndez-Teleña , Iris Carrera-Rodríguez , Jesús Ángel García-Maza , Eduardo Cires , Andrés Arias","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity loss is one of nowadays best-known environmental problems. Biological invasions are acknowledged as one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. The globalisation phenomenon and subsequent spreading of invasive species cause damage to native ecosystems and harm the economy and health of the invaded areas. Harbours and marinas are among the main pathways that allow invasive species to enter new ranges. These anthropogenic structures provide a protected environment that allows the settlement of alien species. One of the questions that arises when dealing with this issue, is whether these invasive species can disperse and affect adjacent coastal areas. This work aims to characterise the diversity of exotic and invasive benthic fauna from four marinas of the northern Iberian Peninsula (Cantabrian Sea, Bay of Biscay) and eight neighbouring intertidal natural ecosystems, emphasising the introduction vectors. A great difference in terms of diversity was observed in each area, being more abundant in ports. In addition, according to our data, intertidal shores might be more resistant to biological invasions than harbours, which are highly degraded habitats. Most of the exotic species in ports have arrived through ballast water or biofouling, due to the high maritime traffic in the Cantabrian Sea. A total of 399 species were found. The dominant phylum was Mollusca (98 species), followed by Annelida (95 species) and Arthropoda with (88 species). According to their status, 26 species were catalogued as invasive, two as cryptogenic, six as exotic and 365 as native. Most invasive species belong to the phyla Bryozoa and Chordata. An Indicator Species Analysis identified two species indicatives of natural intertidal shores and 66 species of harbours. Additionally, PERMANOVA tests revealed significant differences in species composition among sampling sites. Information about exotic species can help increase knowledge regarding biological invasions and subsequently prevent them. It is also crucial to comprehend the biology of the species involved in order to predict their ecological and economic impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104143
Alexei Sentchev , Thinh Nguyen-Duc , Stefano Berti , Nadia K. Ayoub , Vu Duy Vinh
The transport and spatial distribution of materials within river plumes and neighboring waters are strongly influenced by the plume morphology and fronts bounding the plume area. Thus, identifying locations of plume fronts and assessing frontal mixing activity is particularly important for understanding the spatial distribution of biogeochemical tracers and the connectivity between source (river mouth) and offshore regions. Statistical properties of horizontal dispersion in the Red River (RR) plume region were obtained from drifter experiments, conducted in the Gulf of Tonkin during summer 2022, and also from realistic numerical modeling. Adopting a Lagrangian perspective, a method is proposed to characterize the RR plume morphology based on the extraction of Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) from the surface flow field using Finite-Size Lyapunov Exponents (FSLE). Maxima of the attracting FSLE field (FSLE ridge lines) enabled us to identify zones of current convergence and shear in the flow, which are essential for characterizing the dynamics associated with plumes and mapping the fronts delimiting them. It became clear that the body of the RR plume is formed by the individual river plumes of the RR deltaic system. FSLE ridge lines allowed identification of the offshore expansion of individual plumes and revealed a variety of forms, semi-circular or hook-like filaments, characterizing the plume shape. The ballistic regime of dispersion was found inside the plume region, with the dominant direction perpendicular to the coastal flow direction revealing anisotropic shear dispersion. It was observed at scales of 0.3 to 3 km (submesoscale range), with a maximum value of 10–13 day−1, as derived from the analysis of the scale dependent relative dispersion of real drifters. In model simulations, the relative dispersion appeared scale independent in the range below 2 km, indicating a significant effect of grid resolution on the model's representation of lateral mixing.
{"title":"Lagrangian dispersion in the Red River plume region, Northeast Vietnam, from drifter observations and modeling","authors":"Alexei Sentchev , Thinh Nguyen-Duc , Stefano Berti , Nadia K. Ayoub , Vu Duy Vinh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transport and spatial distribution of materials within river plumes and neighboring waters are strongly influenced by the plume morphology and fronts bounding the plume area. Thus, identifying locations of plume fronts and assessing frontal mixing activity is particularly important for understanding the spatial distribution of biogeochemical tracers and the connectivity between source (river mouth) and offshore regions. Statistical properties of horizontal dispersion in the Red River (RR) plume region were obtained from drifter experiments, conducted in the Gulf of Tonkin during summer 2022, and also from realistic numerical modeling. Adopting a Lagrangian perspective, a method is proposed to characterize the RR plume morphology based on the extraction of Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) from the surface flow field using Finite-Size Lyapunov Exponents (FSLE). Maxima of the attracting FSLE field (FSLE ridge lines) enabled us to identify zones of current convergence and shear in the flow, which are essential for characterizing the dynamics associated with plumes and mapping the fronts delimiting them. It became clear that the body of the RR plume is formed by the individual river plumes of the RR deltaic system. FSLE ridge lines allowed identification of the offshore expansion of individual plumes and revealed a variety of forms, semi-circular or hook-like filaments, characterizing the plume shape. The ballistic regime of dispersion was found inside the plume region, with the dominant direction perpendicular to the coastal flow direction revealing anisotropic shear dispersion. It was observed at scales of 0.3 to 3 km (submesoscale range), with a maximum value of 10–13 day<sup>−1</sup>, as derived from the analysis of the scale dependent relative dispersion of real drifters. In model simulations, the relative dispersion appeared scale independent in the range below 2 km, indicating a significant effect of grid resolution on the model's representation of lateral mixing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104144
Marta Gluchowska , Stig Falk-Petersen , Haakon Hop , Anna Olszewska , Wojciech Walkusz , Slawomir Kwaśniewski
Kongsfjorden, located on the west coast of Spitsbergen (79°N), lies at the boundary between Arctic and Atlantic water masses, making it an ideal site for studying the influence of environmental conditions on ecosystem dynamics and offering insights applicable to other Arctic regions. In this study, we describe the seasonal succession and interannual variability of the zooplankton community in Kongsfjorden in quantitative, taxonomic, and ecological terms, as observed during years with contrasting hydrographic conditions. The analysis is based on data collected in 2002, 2006, and 2007—years characterized by pronounced environmental differences, particularly in spring, with notable variation in seawater temperature and salinity. Zooplankton samples were collected from stations within the fjord and on the adjacent shelf using vertically stratified hauls with a Hydro-Bios Multi Plankton Sampler midi (180 μm mesh). Ecologically, the zooplankton community was analyzed using four traits—body size, feeding mode, spawning strategy, and transparency—allowing classification of 115 taxa into ten functional groups. Across all seasons, zooplankton biomass was consistently dominated by non-gelatinous, medium-sized, free-spawning forms. A clear seasonal shift in functional composition was observed, from current feeders in spring to ambush feeders in autumn, reflecting changes in food availability and trophic dynamics. Trait-based patterns proved more stable than taxonomic composition and more effectively captured key aspects of zooplankton functional roles in ecosystem processes, including trophic interactions, carbon export, and pelago–benthic coupling. Although the data reflect conditions from nearly two decades ago, they represent both cold and warm hydrographic states and remain ecologically relevant. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of Arctic zooplankton communities to early-season hydrography and bloom composition, and underscore the value of trait-based approaches for detecting structural shifts and anticipating ecosystem responses under ongoing Arctic Atlantification.
kongsjorden位于斯匹次卑尔根岛西海岸（北纬79°），位于北极和大西洋水团之间的边界，是研究环境条件对生态系统动态影响的理想场所，并提供适用于其他北极地区的见解。在本研究中，我们从数量、分类和生态的角度描述了在不同水文条件下Kongsfjorden浮游动物群落的季节演替和年际变化。该分析基于2002年、2006年和2007年收集的数据，这些年份的环境差异明显，特别是在春季，海水温度和盐度变化显著。采用Hydro-Bios Multi Plankton Sampler midi （180 μm目）垂直分层运输，在峡湾内和邻近大陆架上采集浮游动物样本。生态学上，利用体型、摄食方式、产卵策略和透明度4个特征对浮游动物群落进行了分析，并将115个类群划分为10个功能类群。在所有季节，浮游动物生物量始终以非凝胶状、中等大小、自由产卵的形式为主。观察到功能组成有明显的季节变化，从春季的当前摄食者到秋季的伏击摄食者，反映了食物供应和营养动态的变化。基于性状的模式被证明比分类组成更稳定，并且更有效地捕获了浮游动物在生态系统过程中的功能角色的关键方面，包括营养相互作用、碳输出和远洋-底栖耦合。虽然这些数据反映的是近20年前的情况，但它们代表了寒冷和温暖的水文状态，并且仍然具有生态相关性。我们的研究结果强调了北极浮游动物群落对早季水文和水华组成的敏感性，并强调了基于特征的方法在正在进行的北极大西洋化中检测结构变化和预测生态系统响应的价值。
{"title":"Zooplankton seasonal variability in Arctic fjord during cold and warm events – taxonomic and trait-based approaches (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard)","authors":"Marta Gluchowska , Stig Falk-Petersen , Haakon Hop , Anna Olszewska , Wojciech Walkusz , Slawomir Kwaśniewski","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kongsfjorden, located on the west coast of Spitsbergen (79°N), lies at the boundary between Arctic and Atlantic water masses, making it an ideal site for studying the influence of environmental conditions on ecosystem dynamics and offering insights applicable to other Arctic regions. In this study, we describe the seasonal succession and interannual variability of the zooplankton community in Kongsfjorden in quantitative, taxonomic, and ecological terms, as observed during years with contrasting hydrographic conditions. The analysis is based on data collected in 2002, 2006, and 2007—years characterized by pronounced environmental differences, particularly in spring, with notable variation in seawater temperature and salinity. Zooplankton samples were collected from stations within the fjord and on the adjacent shelf using vertically stratified hauls with a Hydro-Bios Multi Plankton Sampler midi (180 μm mesh). Ecologically, the zooplankton community was analyzed using four traits—body size, feeding mode, spawning strategy, and transparency—allowing classification of 115 taxa into ten functional groups. Across all seasons, zooplankton biomass was consistently dominated by non-gelatinous, medium-sized, free-spawning forms. A clear seasonal shift in functional composition was observed, from current feeders in spring to ambush feeders in autumn, reflecting changes in food availability and trophic dynamics. Trait-based patterns proved more stable than taxonomic composition and more effectively captured key aspects of zooplankton functional roles in ecosystem processes, including trophic interactions, carbon export, and pelago–benthic coupling. Although the data reflect conditions from nearly two decades ago, they represent both cold and warm hydrographic states and remain ecologically relevant. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of Arctic zooplankton communities to early-season hydrography and bloom composition, and underscore the value of trait-based approaches for detecting structural shifts and anticipating ecosystem responses under ongoing Arctic Atlantification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104141
K. Gurumoorthi, Alvarinho J. Luis
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extended periods of abnormally warm ocean conditions in which temperature exceeds the 90th percentile threshold limit. While prior studies have mainly focused on regional trends, the Southern Ocean, particularly around Antarctica, has been relatively understudied despite experiencing considerable warming in recent decades. This study investigates MHWs in the Southern Ocean from 1982 to 2022, highlighting significant spatial and temporal variations in their frequency, intensity, and days. MHWs were found to be more frequent (0.4 events per decade) and intense north of 65°S, especially during the summer, with a marked rise in occurrence after 2008, coinciding with anthropogenic climate change and increasing sea surface temperatures (SST). The study also identifies the influence of climate patterns such as El Niño and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on MHWs intensity and frequency, particularly in the Ross Sea during spring and autumn. We analyzed the atmospheric impacts of significant MHWs in 2013. The 2013 MHW event serves as a key example of extreme subsurface warming, where temperatures reached 6.2 °C at 120 m depth, significantly increasing the region's heat content. This highlights how MHWs can transmit heat vertically, impacting both surface and deep ocean layers. The findings emphasize the complex interactions between ocean dynamics, and atmospheric conditions in determining MHWs patterns in the Southern Ocean, offering crucial insights for predicting the region's future responses to climate change.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of marine heatwaves in the Southern Ocean and their role in air-sea interaction","authors":"K. Gurumoorthi, Alvarinho J. Luis","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extended periods of abnormally warm ocean conditions in which temperature exceeds the 90th percentile threshold limit. While prior studies have mainly focused on regional trends, the Southern Ocean, particularly around Antarctica, has been relatively understudied despite experiencing considerable warming in recent decades. This study investigates MHWs in the Southern Ocean from 1982 to 2022, highlighting significant spatial and temporal variations in their frequency, intensity, and days. MHWs were found to be more frequent (0.4 events per decade) and intense north of 65°S, especially during the summer, with a marked rise in occurrence after 2008, coinciding with anthropogenic climate change and increasing sea surface temperatures (SST). The study also identifies the influence of climate patterns such as El Niño and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on MHWs intensity and frequency, particularly in the Ross Sea during spring and autumn. We analyzed the atmospheric impacts of significant MHWs in 2013. The 2013 MHW event serves as a key example of extreme subsurface warming, where temperatures reached 6.2 °C at 120 m depth, significantly increasing the region's heat content. This highlights how MHWs can transmit heat vertically, impacting both surface and deep ocean layers. The findings emphasize the complex interactions between ocean dynamics, and atmospheric conditions in determining MHWs patterns in the Southern Ocean, offering crucial insights for predicting the region's future responses to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104139
Zhou Ye , Yu Zhang , Wenyun Guo , Changsheng Chen , Hailong Guo , Weizeng Shao , Deshuai Wang , Danya Xu , Yi Zhou
This study evaluates the historical (1988–2014) sea ice drift (SID), sea ice concentration (SIC), sea ice thickness (SIT), and associated sea ice volume transport (SIVT) from 12 CMIP6 models in Fram Strait based on multi-source reference datasets. In addition, a global ice-ocean coupled model based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (Global-FVCOM), is included as a comparison. Both the simulated and reference SIVT show significant interannual variability, but inter-model spread exists. Compared to reference data, the CMIP6 models exhibit greater discrepancies than Global-FVCOM. The comprehensive assessment reveals notable performance differences among the models in simulating varying sea ice variables. Ensemble experiments, incorporating models with varying performance in simulating SIVT, demonstrate a decreasing trend in SIVT across all schemes under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, with a more pronounced decline in the latter. Compared to the traditional multi-model mean scheme using all models, the scheme selecting six better-performing models through evaluation results of SIVT exhibits lower SIVT values and a slower decline. There are significant differences among the CMIP6 models regarding the dominant factors contributing to future SIVT variations. The largest number of models demonstrates a strong relationship between the dipole anomaly (DA) and sea ice transport, followed by those associated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO), while the fewest models show a significant connection to the Beaufort-Barents Oscillation (BBO). The choice of time period, whether by year or month, considerably influences the identification of dominant modes for sea ice transport.
{"title":"Evaluation and projection of Arctic sea ice transport through Fram Strait with emphasis on atmospheric multimodal responses","authors":"Zhou Ye , Yu Zhang , Wenyun Guo , Changsheng Chen , Hailong Guo , Weizeng Shao , Deshuai Wang , Danya Xu , Yi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the historical (1988–2014) sea ice drift (SID), sea ice concentration (SIC), sea ice thickness (SIT), and associated sea ice volume transport (SIVT) from 12 CMIP6 models in Fram Strait based on multi-source reference datasets. In addition, a global ice-ocean coupled model based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (Global-FVCOM), is included as a comparison. Both the simulated and reference SIVT show significant interannual variability, but inter-model spread exists. Compared to reference data, the CMIP6 models exhibit greater discrepancies than Global-FVCOM. The comprehensive assessment reveals notable performance differences among the models in simulating varying sea ice variables. Ensemble experiments, incorporating models with varying performance in simulating SIVT, demonstrate a decreasing trend in SIVT across all schemes under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, with a more pronounced decline in the latter. Compared to the traditional multi-model mean scheme using all models, the scheme selecting six better-performing models through evaluation results of SIVT exhibits lower SIVT values and a slower decline. There are significant differences among the CMIP6 models regarding the dominant factors contributing to future SIVT variations. The largest number of models demonstrates a strong relationship between the dipole anomaly (DA) and sea ice transport, followed by those associated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO), while the fewest models show a significant connection to the Beaufort-Barents Oscillation (BBO). The choice of time period, whether by year or month, considerably influences the identification of dominant modes for sea ice transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Systems","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 104139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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