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Variability in oceanographic conditions affecting Mesophotic Ecosystems along the South Eastern Pacific: Latitudinal trends and potential for climate refugia 影响东南太平洋沿岸中生代生态系统的海洋条件变化:纬度趋势和气候避难所的潜力
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103999
Lucas de la Maza , Evie A. Wieters , Ricardo Beldade , Mauricio F. Landaeta , Alejandro Perez-Matus , Sergio A. Navarrete
<div><p>Oceans have been changing at the fastest pace since the beginning of the Holocene. The South Eastern Pacific (SEP), including the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem (HUE) is subject to changes in upwelling winds, temperature, El Niño, and the ever-increasing local anthropogenic stressors, all of which have been documented for surface coastal waters where in-situ and remote observations are readily available. Temporal and spatial changes in the adjacent deeper waters where diverse Mesophotic Ecosystems are found have been scarcely documented. These marine ecosystems have been the focus of ecological studies for less than two decades. Here we provide an overview of the thermal variability at mesophotic depths and assess their potential as climatic refugia along all SEP ecoregions. We analyzed a time series of temperature and salinity from a 19 yr reanalysis based on remote and in-situ observations (CTD, ARGO, XBTs, moorings) to quantify variability in the Tropical (0–5°S), Northern Warm Temperate (5–30°S); Southern Warm Temperate (30–39.5°S) and Magellanic subregions (39.5–45°S), at two mesophotic depth strata (50 and 100 m), and a reference surface (5 m) depth. We assessed variability in the seasonal, interannual (El Niño) and ‘long-term’ (ca. 20 yr) scales, and the relationship with wind velocities. The thermal depth gradient between surface and mesophotic depths did not change smoothly with latitude but peaked within the northern portion of the warm temperate subregion, decreasing towards lower and higher latitudes. Seasonal variation in temperature was also largest in the north and south temperate subregions and minimal in the Magellanic subregion. Depth dampening of seasonal temperature variation was also strengthened at intermediate latitudes and much reduced in the tropics, where seasonal variation at mesophotic depths was similar to that at the surface. The strong interannual El Niño events were identified at all depths in tropical and temperate subregions, with stronger standardized effects at mesophotic layers than at the surface. Long-term (ca. two decades) temperature trends were significant and changed direction from warming to cooling along the SEP but were generally patchier at mesophotic layers. Spatial temperature gradients have remained relatively stable over the past two decades and were stronger at the surface than at mesophotic depths, and stronger within the tropics than in all other subregions. Surprisingly, the velocity of climate change was patchier and generally faster at mesophotic layers than at the surface. We conclude that, judging solely by physical environmental conditions, mesophotic ecosystems may be used by species with very different temperature affinities in temperate subregions, while in the tropics, more overlap in temperature affinities of component species may be found. Importantly, while the seasonal amplitude is reduced at mesophotic depth in most subregions, except the tropics, interannual disturbances
自全新世开始以来,海洋一直在以最快的速度发生变化。包括洪堡上升流生态系统(HUE)在内的东南太平洋(SEP)受到上升流风、温度、厄尔尼诺现象以及当地不断增加的人为压力因素的影响。而对邻近深海水域的时间和空间变化却鲜有记载,而这些水域存在着多种多样的中层 生态系统。这些海洋生态系统成为生态研究的重点还不到二十年。在此,我们概述了中层深海的热变异性,并评估了它们作为所有东南太平洋生态区气候避难所的潜力。我们分析了基于遥感和现场观测(CTD、ARGO、XBTs、锚系设备)的 19 年再分析的温度和盐度时间序列,以量化热带(0-5°S)、北暖温带(5-30°S)、南暖温带(30-39.5°S)和麦哲伦亚区(39.5-45°S)两个中层深度层(50 米和 100 米)以及一个参考表面(5 米)深度的变化。我们评估了季节、年际(厄尔尼诺现象)和 "长期"(约 20 年)尺度的变化以及与风速的关系。表层与中层之间的热深梯度并不随纬度的变化而平稳变化,而是在暖温带次区域北部达到峰值,向低纬度和高纬度递减。温度的季节变化在北温带次区域和南温带次区域也最大,而在麦哲伦次区域则最小。季节性温度变化的深度阻尼在中纬度地区也有所加强,在热带地区则大大减弱,中层深度的季节性变化与地表变化相似。在热带和温带次区域的所有深度都发现了强烈的年际厄尔尼诺现象,中气层的标准化效应比表面更强。长期(约二十年)温度趋势显著,沿东南太平洋从升温到降温的方向发生了变化,但在中深海层一般较为零散。在过去二十年中,空间温度梯度保持相对稳定,地表温度梯度大于中气层温度梯度,热带地区温度梯度大于所有其他次区域温度梯度。令人惊讶的是,气候变化的速度在中气层比在地表更快,而且更分散。我们的结论是,仅从物理环境条件来看,在温带次区域,中气层生态系统可能会被温度亲和性非常不同的物种所利用,而在热带,可能会发现组成物种的温度亲和性有更多的重叠。重要的是,在除热带以外的大多数次区域,中层深度的季节振幅减小,但年际干扰对中层深度的影响至少与对表层水的影响一样强烈,而且中层深度的气候变化速度比表层更快。因此,这些生态系统不能免受年际和长期影响,其生物群落可能比浅海沿岸生态系统更容易受到气候变化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Mesoscale and climate environmental variability drive krill community changes in the Humboldt Current System 中尺度和气候环境变异推动洪堡洋流系统磷虾群落变化
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103998
Macarena Díaz-Astudillo , Ramiro Riquelme-Bugueño , Gonzalo S. Saldías , Jaime Letelier

Euphausiids (or “krill”) play a crucial role in the food webs of eastern boundary upwelling systems. Their inter-specific predatory interactions with ecologically and commercially important species highlights the importance of understanding krill variability at different temporal and spatial scales. In the Humboldt Current System (HCS), few studies have addressed the spatio-temporal variability of krill communities and their link with climate and local environmental drivers. We studied the patterns and variability of euphausiid diversity in the coastal area off northern Chile, using zooplankton and CTD-O data, and satellite environmental data from the falls and springs of 2010–2017. The community showed low diversity and evenness, with the endemic species Euphausia mucronata being the most abundant. The environmental variance showed 2 main modes of variability: (1) upwelling-associated changes in the depth of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and in temperature, and (2) interannual variability in salinity, associated with ENSO-driven water-mass changes. The diversity indices and community structure showed large fluctuations in the cross-shore direction, and with latitude. The general pattern showed higher diversity offshore and southward, with few species in the low temperature, shallow OMZ conditions of the coastal band. During the 2013 and 2016 marine heatwaves and the 2015-2016 El Niño, the Subtropical Water Mass was advected southward, causing an increase in salinity and temperature, and a decrease in total krill abundance. However, ENSO variability did not significantly affect the species composition. The changes in community structure were caused by fluctuations in species abundance rather than species presence, as the most abundant species dominated the community throughout the study period. These results indicate that the krill communities of the HCS are highly resilient to climate perturbations, with upwelling-associated gradients being the primary source of variability for euphausiid populations in this ecosystem.

大戟科(或称 "磷虾")在东部边界上升流系统的食物网中扮演着至关重要的角色。磷虾与生态和商业上重要的物种之间相互捕食,这凸显了了解磷虾在不同时空尺度上变化的重要性。在洪堡洋流系统(HCS)中,很少有研究涉及磷虾群落的时空变异性及其与气候和当地环境驱动因素的联系。我们利用浮游动物、CTD-O 数据以及 2010-2017 年秋季和春季的卫星环境数据,研究了智利北部沿海地区竹节虫多样性的模式和变异性。该群落的多样性和均匀度较低,其中以特有物种 Euphausia mucronata 数量最多。环境变异显示出两种主要的变异模式:(1)与上升流相关的最小含氧带(OMZ)深度和温度变化;(2)与厄尔尼诺/南方涛动驱动的水体变化相关的盐度年际变异。多样性指数和群落结构在跨岸方向和纬度上都有很大波动。总体模式显示,离岸和向南方向的多样性较高,而沿海地带低温、浅水 OMZ 条件下的物种较少。在 2013 年和 2016 年海洋热浪以及 2015-2016 年厄尔尼诺期间,亚热带水团向南平流,导致盐度和温度上升,磷虾总丰度下降。然而,厄尔尼诺/南方涛动的变化并未对物种组成产生重大影响。群落结构的变化是由物种丰度的波动而不是物种的存在引起的,因为在整个研究期间,丰度最高的物种在群落中占主导地位。这些结果表明,高纬度海区磷虾群落对气候扰动具有很强的适应能力,与上升流相关的梯度是该生态系统中食叶虫种群变化的主要来源。
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引用次数: 0
Freshwater discharge drives latitudinal changes of phytoplankton composition on the continental shelf off Chilean Patagonia 淡水排放驱动智利巴塔哥尼亚沿海大陆架浮游植物组成的纬度变化
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103993
Julio Poblete-Ulloa , Marcelo H. Gutiérrez , Carina B. Lange , Diego A. Narváez , Paulina Montero , Humberto E. González , Camila Fernández

A high-resolution survey of distribution, abundance and composition of phytoplankton was carried out for the first time in surface waters of the continental shelf off Chilean Patagonia (41–48°S). An Imaging FlowCytobot was used along the survey track to record phytoplankton in the size range of 10–120 μm during the austral spring of 2018. Phytoplankton community structure was complemented with continuous underway measurements of temperature and salinity, and physicochemical parameters of the water column at 35 oceanographic stations. Our results evidenced two main macrozones with distinctive phytoplankton assemblages delimited latitudinally at ~45°S. The northern macrozone was characterized by higher surface temperature and salinity, Si:N ratio > 1, diatoms of the genera Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros, and dinoflagellates accounting for over 70% of the total abundance. The southern macrozone, with lower surface temperature and salinity and Si:N ratio < 1, was characterized by members of the genera Guinardia, Lauderia and Cerataulina, representing over 60% of the total phytoplankton. These changes were attributable to the strong influence of freshwater at latitudes higher than 45°S and the enhanced discharge of meltwaters from Patagonian icefields in the area of the Taitao Peninsula and the Gulf of Penas (47–-48°S). Fresh and cold waters impacted the water column stratification and the availability of dissolved silicic acid with potential effects on phytoplankton composition and diatom cell silicification and, thus, on carbon exportation. Our estimations of phytoplankton carbon were comparable to those observed in Patagonian fjords and the highly productive upwelling ecosystem of central Chile. We suggest that the continental shelf off Patagonia can contribute significantly to strengthen the biological carbon pump through the synthesis, exportation, and sequestration of phytoplankton-based organic carbon in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.

首次在智利巴塔哥尼亚海域(41-48°S)大陆架表层水域开展了浮游植物分布、丰度和组成的高分辨率调查。在 2018 年澳大利亚春季期间,使用成像浮游浮游生物仪(Imaging FlowCytobot)沿勘测轨迹记录了 10-120 μm 大小范围内的浮游植物。浮游植物群落结构与 35 个海洋观测站的温度、盐度和水体物理化学参数的连续在途测量结果相辅相成。我们的研究结果表明,在 ~45°S 的纬度上有两个主要的大区,其浮游植物群落各具特色。北部大区的特点是表层温度和盐度较高,Si:N 比率为 1,硅藻属 Thalassiosira 和 Chaetoceros 以及甲藻占总丰度的 70% 以上。南部大区的表面温度和盐度较低,Si:N 比率为 1,其特点是有 Guinardia 属、Lauderia 属和 Cerataulina 属成员,占浮游植物总量的 60% 以上。这些变化可归因于南纬 45 度以上地区淡水的强烈影响,以及台岛半岛和佩纳斯湾(南纬 47-48 度)地区巴塔哥尼亚冰原融水排放量的增加。淡水和冷水影响了水体分层和溶解硅酸的供应,从而可能影响浮游植物的组成和硅藻细胞的硅化,进而影响碳的输出。我们对浮游植物碳的估算结果与在巴塔哥尼亚峡湾和智利中部高产涌升生态系统中观测到的结果相当。我们认为,巴塔哥尼亚附近的大陆架可以通过浮游植物有机碳在东南太平洋的合成、输出和固碳,为加强生物碳泵做出重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal variations in the grain size distribution in the water column and sediments from the Yellow River Delta to distal areas under coastal currents 沿岸流作用下黄河三角洲至远端地区水体和沉积物粒径分布的时空变化
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103997
Lijian Yang , Xiaochuan Ma , Yiwei He , Min Gao , Jie Huang , Jian Lu , Zhendong Luan

The differentiation of sediment grain size from large river deltas to distal areas in a coastal flow system and its evolution are vital because they greatly contribute to matter transport, pollution accumulation, and carbon cycling on the inner shelf. Here, the Yellow River sedimentary system in the adjacent seas is studied, including the proximal delta of the Yellow River and the distal mud patch. The grain size distributions of the suspended particulate matter (SPM), surface sediments, and core sediments in the Shandong Peninsula Coastal Current (SPCC) system were integrated and analyzed. The results show that apparent variations in the grain size distribution exist in the SPM and sediments in the SPCC system. The grain size distribution of the SPM near the proximal delta of the Yellow River is multimodal and variable with water depth, whereas that in the distal mud area is typically unimodal. The coarse-grained endmember of suspended sediments is restricted in the proximal area by ocean fronts under fair weather conditions in both summer and winter and is only transported to the distal mud area under strengthened coastal currents in winter. In contrast, fine-grained endmembers can be transported far away under tidal currents and coastal currents year-round. The temporal grain size variation near the proximal delta is also significantly affected by historical shifts in the Yellow River mouth, while the strength of coastal currents associated with the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) controls the grain size distribution in the distal mud area. The roles of river behaviors, ocean fronts, tides, and winds are all highlighted in the control of grain size differentiation. These results potentially have significance for understanding sediment dynamics and mass transport processes in similar coastal current systems involving large rivers worldwide.

沿岸流系统中从大河三角洲到远端区域的沉积物粒度分异及其演变至关重要,因为它们对内陆架的物质输运、污染积累和碳循环有很大贡献。本文研究了邻近海域的黄河沉积体系,包括黄河近端三角洲和远端泥质斑块。综合分析了山东半岛沿岸流(SPCC)系统中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、表层沉积物和核心沉积物的粒度分布。结果表明,SPCC 系统中的悬浮颗粒物和沉积物的粒径分布存在明显的变化。黄河近端三角洲附近的 SPM 的粒度分布是多模态的,且随水深变化而变化,而远端泥区的 SPM 的粒度分布则是典型的单模态分布。在夏季和冬季的晴朗天气条件下,悬浮沉积物中的粗颗粒末段在近岸区域受到海洋锋面的限制,只有在冬季沿岸流增强的情况下才会被输送到远端淤泥区域。与此相反,细粒内含物在潮汐流和沿岸流的作用下全年都能被输送到很远的地方。近端三角洲附近的粒度时空变化也受到黄河入海口历史变迁的显著影响,而与东亚冬季季候风(EAWM)相关的沿岸流强度则控制着远端淤泥区的粒度分布。河流行为、海洋前沿、潮汐和风在控制粒度分异方面的作用都很突出。这些结果可能对了解全球大江大河类似沿岸流系统的沉积物动力学和质量输运过程具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating Labrador Sea's persistent surface O2 anomaly using observations and biogeochemical model results 利用观测数据和生物地球化学模型结果调查拉布拉多海持续存在的表层氧气异常现象
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103996
Amavi N. Silva , Duncan A. Purdie , Nicholas R. Bates , Toby Tyrrell

Deviations of surface ocean dissolved oxygen (O2) from equilibrium with the atmosphere should be rectified about twenty times more quickly than deviations of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, persistent O2 disequilibria in the Labrador Sea, while CO2 is close to equilibrium, has been a matter of interest to many previous works. Here we investigate this phenomenon by using a novel analytical technique, the ‘CORS (Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Relative to Saturation) method’, and also by using more data than was available previously. We compare observations to results from a model we developed for the Labrador Sea which combines plankton ecology with biogeochemical cycling of oxygen, carbon and nitrogen. In contrast to earlier works which mostly considered individual factors in isolation, here we used the model, together with data, to distinguish between the varying influences of several processes potentially contributing to the long-lasting O2 undersaturation: mixed layer depth, duration of mixed layer deepening, convection, entrainment and bottom water O2 content. Our model experiments confirm that, for the same gas exchange rate, the effects on surface O2 concentration differ significantly among the identified drivers. Our results suggest that prolonged surface O2 undersaturation is not always dependent on the extreme winter mixed layer depths, but rather that even moderately deep mixed layers (e.g. 300 m), when prolonged and in conjunction with continuous entrainment of oxygen-depleted deep water, can also drive persistent surface O2 anomalies. An implication of our results is that regions in the North Atlantic with maximum winter mixed layer depths of only a few hundred metres should also show persistent surface O2 undersaturation. We further reveal that convection in deep water formation regions produces trendlines that do not pass through the origin of a plot of CO2 vs. O2 deviations which have previously been thought to indicate erroneous data.

海洋表层溶解氧(O2)偏离大气平衡的纠正速度应比溶解二氧化碳(CO2)偏离大气平衡的纠正速度快二十倍左右。因此,拉布拉多海持续存在氧气不平衡现象,而二氧化碳却接近平衡状态,一直是以前许多研究关注的问题。在此,我们采用一种新的分析技术--"CORS(二氧化碳和氧气相对饱和度)法",并利用比以往更多的数据,对这一现象进行了研究。我们将观测结果与我们为拉布拉多海开发的模型结果进行了比较,该模型将浮游生物生态学与氧、碳和氮的生物地球化学循环结合在一起。以前的研究大多孤立地考虑单个因素,与此不同的是,我们在这里利用模型和数据,区分了可能造成长期氧气不足的几个过程的不同影响:混合层深度、混合层加深的持续时间、对流、夹带和底层水的氧气含量。我们的模型实验证实,在气体交换率相同的情况下,不同的驱动因素对表层氧气浓度的影响差异很大。我们的结果表明,长时间的地表氧气不饱和并不总是取决于冬季混合层的极端深度,相反,即使是中等深度的混合层(如 300 米),如果持续时间较长,再加上缺氧深水的持续夹带,也会导致持续的地表氧气异常。我们的研究结果意味着,冬季混合层最大深度只有几百米的北大西洋地区也会出现持续的地表氧气饱和度不足现象。我们进一步发现,深水形成区域的对流产生的趋势线不会穿过二氧化碳与氧气偏差图的原点,而以前认为这表明数据有误。
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引用次数: 0
A mechanism of enhanced subsurface near-inertial kinetic energy in the East China Sea associated with successive typhoons 与连续台风相关的东海次表层近惯性动能增强机制
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103995
Yang Li , Zhao Xu , Jie Shi , Xiaohui Ma , Jishang Xu

Near-inertial waves (NIWs) play an important role in diapycnal processes and energy dissipation. A mooring observation deployed on the continental shelf in the East China Sea captured anomalously intensified subsurface near-inertial kinetic energy (NIKE) during the passage of Typhoon Danas (2013). An early study has investigated the role of Parametric Subharmonic Instability (PSI) induced by internal tides in the intensification of the subsurface intensified near-inertial velocity. However, results based on regional numerical simulations reveal that strong subsurface near-inertial velocity persists even in the absence of tidal effects, implying the existence of additional sources of NIWs. Our analyses showed that after excluding the effect of PSI, approximately 30% of the remaining subsurface NIKE can be attributed to another Typhoon Fitow (2013), which occurred a week prior to Typhoon Danas. Constrained by the Kuroshio current and the continental shelf, the NIKE generated by Typhoon Fitow propagates northward and reaches the mooring location, leading to the intensified subsurface NIW signal. Our simulation, together with the observations, suggests complicated NIW dynamics in continental shelf regions, involving interactions between successive typhoons, topography and background current, and differing from the open ocean. These interactions will further influence vertical mixing on the continental shelf along the pathway of NIW.

近惯性波(NIW)在近岸过程和能量耗散中发挥着重要作用。在台风丹娜斯(2013 年)经过期间,部署在东海大陆架上的系泊观测捕捉到了异常增强的次表层近惯性动能(NIKE)。早期的研究调查了内潮诱发的参数次谐波不稳定性(PSI)在次表层强化近惯性速度强化中的作用。然而,基于区域数值模拟的结果显示,即使没有潮汐效应,强烈的次表层近惯性速度也会持续存在,这意味着存在额外的近惯性速度源。我们的分析表明,在排除 PSI 的影响后,剩余的次表层近惯性海流中约有 30% 可归因于另一个台风菲特(2013 年),该台风发生在台风达纳斯之前一周。受黑潮和大陆架的限制,台风菲特产生的 NIKE 向北传播并到达系泊位置,导致次表层 NIW 信号增强。我们的模拟和观测结果表明,大陆架地区的近岸海面动态十分复杂,涉及连续台风、地形和背景海流之间的相互作用,以及与公海的差异。这些相互作用将进一步影响大陆架沿 NIW 路径的垂直混合。
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引用次数: 0
Marine environmental variability in Northern Patagonia (Southwestern Atlantic Ocean) as recorded in Glycymeris longior shells Glycymeris longior 贝壳记录的北巴塔哥尼亚(大西洋西南部)海洋环境变异性
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103991
M.S. Doldan , P.C. Zaidman , G.N. Williams , L.H. Gimenez , E.M. Morsan

Certain marine regions in the world lack long instrumental records of environmental variables or such records are incomplete. This deficiency particularly applies to Argentine Patagonia, where existing instrumental records span only the last few decades. In the present study it was explored whether such data can be reconstructed from a natural archive, specifically shells of the bivalve mollusk Glycymeris longior from the San Matías Gulf, north Patagonia. For this purpose, a multidecade-long time-series was constructed using variations in the annual shell growth. The time-series spans from 1890 to 2020 and is based on shells from museum collections (live-collected from 1918, 1933 and 1945) and from scientific surveys conducted between 1989 and 2021. An analysis of the links between environmental variables and shell growth was performed between 1976 and 2020 (expressed population signal >0.85). The common signal among the growth curves of individual specimens of G. longior suggests that the growth is influenced by environmental parameters. However, the growth of G. longior did not show significant correlations with the low- nor with the high-frequency components of SST and food supply (chlorophyll-a concentration and POC), suggesting that these parameters do not limit shell growth at the studied site or were undetected with our analyses. The chronology also seems to be insensitive to regional climate patterns such as the Southern Annular Mode. The chronology has the potential for being expanded spatially and temporally.

世界上某些海洋地区缺乏环境变量的长期仪器记录,或者这些记录不完整。阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚地区的情况尤其如此,那里现有的仪器记录仅有过去几十年的时间跨度。本研究探讨了能否从自然档案中重建此类数据,特别是巴塔哥尼亚北部圣马蒂亚斯湾的双壳软体动物 Glycymeris longior 的贝壳。为此,我们利用贝壳年生长量的变化构建了一个长达数十年的时间序列。该时间序列跨越 1890 年至 2020 年,以博物馆收藏的贝壳(1918 年、1933 年和 1945 年的活体采集)和 1989 年至 2021 年进行的科学调查为基础。对 1976 年至 2020 年期间环境变量与贝壳生长之间的联系进行了分析(表达的种群信号为 0.85)。longior 个体标本生长曲线的共同信号表明,其生长受到环境参数的影响。然而,G. longior 的生长与 SST 和食物供应(叶绿素-a 浓度和 POC)的低频或高频成分均未显示出明显的相关性,这表明这些参数并未限制所研究地点的贝壳生长,或者我们的分析未发现这些参数。该年代学似乎对区域气候模式(如南环模式)也不敏感。该年代学有可能在空间和时间上得到扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Decadal trends and dynamics in the abundance and biomass of marine branchiopods in the southern part of the North Sea 北海南部海洋枝足类丰度和生物量的十年趋势和动态变化
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103992
Ilias Semmouri , Jonas Mortelmans , Charlie Roland , Colin R. Janssen , Jana Asselman

Time-series are fundamental for enhancing our comprehension of plankton community dynamics and forecasting future changes that could significantly affect entire marine food chains and ecosystems. In this study, we investigated spatial and temporal variations in occurrence, abundance and body size of marine branchiopods in the Belgian Part of the North Sea (BPNS), using both traditional microscopy, as well as digital imaging (ZooSCAN). We studied the population dynamics of branchiopods collected between 2014 and 2021 in the BPNS and compared these results with a previously collected (2009–2010) dataset for the same area. The time series showed no significant changes in abundance (Podon spp., Evadne nordmanni) over the years, but we did observe a pronounced seasonal pattern, with both species completely absent in the winter months. Abundance and biomass were positively correlated with water temperature but negatively correlated with nutrient concentrations and turbidity. Additionally, Podon spp. abundance was negatively correlated with anthropogenic chemicals (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). We employed generalized additive models to quantify the relative contribution of temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll a concentration and pollutant levels to the dynamics of the studied taxa. Turbidity and chlorophyll a concentrations were revealed to be the predictor with the highest importance in all models predicting the abundances/body size of the selected species. Anthropogenic chemicals were not informative in explaining branchiopod abundance or body size. The findings of this study establish a baseline for future studies, which is essential for our understanding of the zooplankton dynamics in the North Sea, particularly in the context of climate change and changing water quality.

时间序列对于提高我们对浮游生物群落动态的理解以及预测可能对整个海洋食物链和生态系统产生重大影响的未来变化至关重要。在这项研究中,我们利用传统显微镜和数字成像(ZooSCAN)技术,调查了北海比利时部分海域(BPNS)海洋枝足类的出现、丰度和体型的时空变化。我们研究了 2014 年至 2021 年期间在比利时北海海域采集的桡足类种群动态,并将这些结果与之前在同一海域采集的数据集(2009-2010 年)进行了比较。时间序列显示,多年来(Podon spp.、Evadne nordmanni)的丰度没有明显变化,但我们确实观察到了明显的季节性模式,这两种生物在冬季完全消失。丰度和生物量与水温呈正相关,但与营养浓度和浑浊度呈负相关。此外,牙鲆的丰度与人为化学物质(即多环芳烃)呈负相关。我们采用广义加法模型来量化温度、盐度、浑浊度、叶绿素 a 浓度和污染物水平对所研究类群动态的相对贡献。浊度和叶绿素 a 浓度在所有预测所选物种丰度/体型的模型中都是最重要的预测因子。人为化学物质对解释枝足类的丰度或体型没有参考价值。这项研究的结果为今后的研究建立了一个基线,这对我们了解北海浮游动物的动态至关重要,尤其是在气候变化和水质变化的背景下。
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引用次数: 0
Distributions, sea-to-air fluxes, and biological consumption of carbon monoxide in the Bohai and Yellow Seas during winter 渤海和黄海冬季一氧化碳的分布、海气通量和生物消耗量
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103994
Lin Yang , Jiayu Chen , Jing Zhang , Gui-Peng Yang , Bin Yang

Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the atmosphere and ocean are mainly influenced by anthropogenic inputs, abiotic photoproduction, biogenic sources, and bacterial consumption. This study, for the first time, investigated the distributions, sea-to-air fluxes, and microbial consumption rates of CO in the Bohai Sea (BS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) in winter to identify the main factors controlling CO distributions in both the atmosphere and seawater in colder temperature. Atmospheric CO mixing ratios ([CO]atm) and the concentrations of CO in surface seawater ([CO]surf) ranged from 176.8 to 1245.8 ppbv (mean value: 551.4 ± 214 ppbv) and from 0.49 to 3.1 nmol L−1 (mean value: 0.98 ± 0.55 nmol L−1), respectively. In addition, the spatial distribution of [CO]atm and [CO]surf showed that anthropogenic sources dominated the distribution of [CO]atm, but abiotic photoproduction processes were the main influencers of the distribution of [CO]surf. The surface water at most sampling stations was supersaturated with CO, with a mean saturation factor of 1.9, and the sea-to-air fluxes of CO were estimated to range from −13.88 to 123.88 nmol m−2 h−1 (12.59 ± 21.32 nmol m−2 h−1), suggesting that the BS and the YS were the source of atmospheric CO,  and were estimated to contribute 0.009% to 1.4% to the global ocean emission. Microbial consumption experiments indicated that the microbial CO consumption rate constants (Kbio) ranged from 0.15 to 2.14 h−1, and showed that CO concentrations decreased exponentially with incubation time, suggesting that anaerobic CO consumption would limit CO accumulation in winter, thereby affecting the flux of [CO]surf to [CO]atm.

大气和海洋中的一氧化碳(CO)浓度主要受人为输入、非生物光产、生物源和细菌消耗的影响。本研究首次调查了渤海和黄海冬季一氧化碳的分布、海气通量和微生物消耗率,以确定控制低温条件下大气和海水中一氧化碳分布的主要因素。大气中的 CO 混合比([CO]atm)和表层海水中的 CO 浓度([CO]surface)分别为 176.8 至 1245.8 ppbv(平均值:551.4 ± 214 ppbv)和 0.49 至 3.1 nmol L-1(平均值:0.98 ± 0.55 nmol L-1)。此外,[CO]大气和[CO]海面的空间分布表明,人为来源主导了[CO]大气的分布,但非生物光产生过程是[CO]海面分布的主要影响因素。大多数采样站的表层水CO过饱和,平均饱和系数为1.9,CO的海气通量估计为-13.88至123.88 nmol m-2 h-1(12.59 ± 21.32 nmol m-2 h-1),表明BS和YS是大气CO的来源,估计占全球海洋排放量的0.009%至1.4%。微生物消耗实验表明,微生物 CO 消耗速率常数(Kbio)在 0.15 至 2.14 h-1 之间,并表明 CO 浓度随培养时间呈指数下降,这表明厌氧 CO 消耗将限制冬季 CO 的积累,从而影响 [CO]surf 至 [CO]atm 的通量。
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引用次数: 0
The Fujiwhara effect on ocean biophysical variables in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean region 东南热带印度洋地区海洋生物物理变量的藤原效应
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2024.103990
Riza Yuliratno Setiawan , R. Dwi Susanto , Takanori Horii , Inovasita Alifdini , Eko Siswanto , Qurnia Wulan Sari , Anindya Wirasatriya , Candra Aryudiawan

A rare event known as Fujiwhara effect occurred in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean when tropical cyclones (TCs) Seroja and Odette were co-existed, interacted each other, and merged into one TC in April 2021. Here, remotely sensed data (surface winds, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, and surface currents) were analyzed to determine the impact of Fujiwhara effect on the ocean biophysical variables in the region. Ekman pumping velocity were computed to determine the upwelling/downwelling process. During the entire development of the TCs to the merging, the TCs induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling and raising sea surface chlorophyll-a. Ekman pumping and inertial pumping may serve as the primary driving force for the observed negative SST anomaly and positive anomaly in chl-a concentration associated with TCs. This rare event adds the complexity of ocean and climate dynamics of the region as an exit gate of the Indonesian throughflow to the Indian Ocean and may have implications to circulation and climate in the Indian Ocean and beyond. The present research likely represents the first scientific documentation of oceanic responses to a Fujiwhara effect in the region.

2021 年 4 月,热带气旋 "塞罗亚"(Seroja)和 "奥黛特"(Odette)在热带印度洋东南部共存、相互影响并合并成一个热带气旋,发生了罕见的 "藤原效应"(Fujiwhara effect)。本文分析了遥感数据(表面风、海面温度、叶绿素-a 浓度和表层流),以确定藤原效应对该地区海洋生物物理变量的影响。计算了埃克曼抽速,以确定上升流/下降流过程。在整个热带气旋发展到合并的过程中,热带气旋引起了海面温度(SST)的降低和海面叶绿素-a的升高。埃克曼泵和惯性泵可能是观测到的与 TCs 相关的负的海表温度异常和正的叶绿素-a 浓度异常的主要驱动力。这一罕见事件增加了该地区海洋和气候动力学的复杂性,因为该地区是印度尼西亚通流进入印度洋的出口,可能对印度洋及其以外地区的环流和气候产生影响。目前的研究很可能是该地区对藤原效应的海洋反应的首次科学记录。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Marine Systems
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