Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2020.1827491
Nawin Ranjan Sharma, Dalaklis Dimitrios, A. Òlçer, N. Nikitakos
The presence of sulphur in marine fuel oil relates to health and environmental concerns, as the respective combustion generates sulphur dioxide (SO2). The only method to control this SO2 generation is to limit the quantity of sulphur in the fuel. Shipping activities, although not the main source, contribute around 13% of the total anthropogenic SO2 IMO-3GHG [2015. Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study, 3rd ed. London: International Maritime Organisation]; on a positive note, this is expected to reduce after the worldwide implementation of 0.5% sulphur regulation for marine fuel. One of the accepted methods to comply with the regulatory criteria is the use of alternate fuel, i.e. liquefied natural gas (LNG). The analysis in hand discusses the potential benefits of LNG as a marine fuel. The technical limitation associated with the formation of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is directly related to its Dew point, as it condenses below 160°C and causes acidic corrosion of machinery components. The prevalent combustion-based systems are maintaining a safe and economical exhaust gas range between 150°C and 170°C. If the exhaust gas temperature is higher than 170°C excessive heat is lost, which makes the plant inefficient; in contrast, if the temperature drops below 150°C there is the possibility of corrosion damage to the equipment. Considering that LNG is absolutely free from sulphur contamination, it can be used to overcome this technical limitation and add to the overall thermal efficiency due to the availability of increased operating range.
{"title":"LNG a clean fuel – the underlying potential to improve thermal efficiency","authors":"Nawin Ranjan Sharma, Dalaklis Dimitrios, A. Òlçer, N. Nikitakos","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2020.1827491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827491","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of sulphur in marine fuel oil relates to health and environmental concerns, as the respective combustion generates sulphur dioxide (SO2). The only method to control this SO2 generation is to limit the quantity of sulphur in the fuel. Shipping activities, although not the main source, contribute around 13% of the total anthropogenic SO2 IMO-3GHG [2015. Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study, 3rd ed. London: International Maritime Organisation]; on a positive note, this is expected to reduce after the worldwide implementation of 0.5% sulphur regulation for marine fuel. One of the accepted methods to comply with the regulatory criteria is the use of alternate fuel, i.e. liquefied natural gas (LNG). The analysis in hand discusses the potential benefits of LNG as a marine fuel. The technical limitation associated with the formation of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is directly related to its Dew point, as it condenses below 160°C and causes acidic corrosion of machinery components. The prevalent combustion-based systems are maintaining a safe and economical exhaust gas range between 150°C and 170°C. If the exhaust gas temperature is higher than 170°C excessive heat is lost, which makes the plant inefficient; in contrast, if the temperature drops below 150°C there is the possibility of corrosion damage to the equipment. Considering that LNG is absolutely free from sulphur contamination, it can be used to overcome this technical limitation and add to the overall thermal efficiency due to the availability of increased operating range.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"111 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2020.1827486
M. Shafiee, I. Animah
The majority of facilities installed in offshore oil and gas fields during the 1980s and 1990s were designed to operate in ‘normal’ conditions. However, during the operational life of the fields, some new high pressure/high temperature (HPHT) wells may be discovered and tied back to older facilities. Operating these facilities beyond their design parameters in harsh environments may lead to catastrophic failures, resulting in significant economic losses and environmental problems. Managing the risks associated with failure of ageing subsea facilities in HPHT environments is considered as a very complex and critical task. To overcome such challenge, there is a need for development of decision-making methods that are capable of estimating precisely the risks associated with HPHT conditions as well as prioritising the risk mitigation and remediation strategies. This paper aims to propose an integrated risk management framework – based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach and a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model – for evaluating the risks and prioritising mitigation strategies over the extended lifetime of subsea facilities in HPHT environments. For the purpose of illustrating the model, a case study of subsea manifold and flowlines is provided and the results are evaluated and discussed. Our findings indicate that the proposed approach offers significant improvement to the classical risk management processes applied to subsea oil and gas facilities as it can assist asset managers, risk analyst, regulators and policy makers with a decision model which considers both subjective (qualitative) judgements and objective (quantitative) evaluation measures.
{"title":"An integrated FMEA and MCDA based risk management approach to support life extension of subsea facilities in high-pressure–high-temperature (HPHT) conditions","authors":"M. Shafiee, I. Animah","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2020.1827486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827486","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of facilities installed in offshore oil and gas fields during the 1980s and 1990s were designed to operate in ‘normal’ conditions. However, during the operational life of the fields, some new high pressure/high temperature (HPHT) wells may be discovered and tied back to older facilities. Operating these facilities beyond their design parameters in harsh environments may lead to catastrophic failures, resulting in significant economic losses and environmental problems. Managing the risks associated with failure of ageing subsea facilities in HPHT environments is considered as a very complex and critical task. To overcome such challenge, there is a need for development of decision-making methods that are capable of estimating precisely the risks associated with HPHT conditions as well as prioritising the risk mitigation and remediation strategies. This paper aims to propose an integrated risk management framework – based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach and a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model – for evaluating the risks and prioritising mitigation strategies over the extended lifetime of subsea facilities in HPHT environments. For the purpose of illustrating the model, a case study of subsea manifold and flowlines is provided and the results are evaluated and discussed. Our findings indicate that the proposed approach offers significant improvement to the classical risk management processes applied to subsea oil and gas facilities as it can assist asset managers, risk analyst, regulators and policy makers with a decision model which considers both subjective (qualitative) judgements and objective (quantitative) evaluation measures.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"189 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49068530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2020.1827490
S. Tavakoli, S. Najafi, E. Amini, Abbas Dashtimansh
The current paper presents a simple mathematical model for replication of the transient acceleration motion of displacement hulls in calm water under the action of a propulsion system. Different empirical methods are coupled, and an operational speed problem is solved in the time domain. The resistance of the ship is calculated by using the Holtrop method. The values of thrust force, torque and propeller efficiency are computed by using B-Series empirical equations. The acceleration motion of the vessel, which is triggered as the engine starts to work, is simulated by solving a set of first-order differential equations, which are discretised in the time domain. It is shown that different propellers can lead to different transient and steady behaviours of the vessel. Finally, using a genetic algorithm library, it is demonstrated that the method can be helpful and be easily linked to the design process. Moreover, an optimisation study is performed, showing that, the developed method provides an efficient propeller, under the action of which ship reaches the maximum possible speed in the earliest possible time with the highest efficiency for the propeller. The current method can be useful in the mathematical reproduction of the ship-propeller-engine, which needed to be modified in future.
{"title":"Ship acceleration motion under the action of a propulsion system: a combined empirical method for simulation and optimisation","authors":"S. Tavakoli, S. Najafi, E. Amini, Abbas Dashtimansh","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2020.1827490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827490","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper presents a simple mathematical model for replication of the transient acceleration motion of displacement hulls in calm water under the action of a propulsion system. Different empirical methods are coupled, and an operational speed problem is solved in the time domain. The resistance of the ship is calculated by using the Holtrop method. The values of thrust force, torque and propeller efficiency are computed by using B-Series empirical equations. The acceleration motion of the vessel, which is triggered as the engine starts to work, is simulated by solving a set of first-order differential equations, which are discretised in the time domain. It is shown that different propellers can lead to different transient and steady behaviours of the vessel. Finally, using a genetic algorithm library, it is demonstrated that the method can be helpful and be easily linked to the design process. Moreover, an optimisation study is performed, showing that, the developed method provides an efficient propeller, under the action of which ship reaches the maximum possible speed in the earliest possible time with the highest efficiency for the propeller. The current method can be useful in the mathematical reproduction of the ship-propeller-engine, which needed to be modified in future.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"200 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49451260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-06DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2020.1827487
V. Gude
Ballast water management and treatment is an on-going issue for marine industry including small and bulk carriers, cruise ships, passenger ships and cargo vessels. Several regulations are implemented at regional, national and international levels to minimise the environmental impacts related to improper disposal of contaminated ballast water at ports. In this study, an environmentally benign approach for managing the ballast water on marine vessels is proposed. Thermoelectric energy harvested from main engine’s waste heat is considered as a primary source of energy for a reverse osmosis desalination process, which recovers the ballast water in the form of clean water to provide for fresh water supplies in ships. A case study is presented to elaborate the proposed scheme. The effects of seawater temperatures and energy recovery schemes on the freshwater production rates are also discussed. The proposed scheme provides a promising approach to ballast water management while allowing to provide in situ treatment for its beneficial use in shipping operations.
{"title":"Membrane desalination of ballast water using thermoelectric energy from waste heat","authors":"V. Gude","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2020.1827487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827487","url":null,"abstract":"Ballast water management and treatment is an on-going issue for marine industry including small and bulk carriers, cruise ships, passenger ships and cargo vessels. Several regulations are implemented at regional, national and international levels to minimise the environmental impacts related to improper disposal of contaminated ballast water at ports. In this study, an environmentally benign approach for managing the ballast water on marine vessels is proposed. Thermoelectric energy harvested from main engine’s waste heat is considered as a primary source of energy for a reverse osmosis desalination process, which recovers the ballast water in the form of clean water to provide for fresh water supplies in ships. A case study is presented to elaborate the proposed scheme. The effects of seawater temperatures and energy recovery schemes on the freshwater production rates are also discussed. The proposed scheme provides a promising approach to ballast water management while allowing to provide in situ treatment for its beneficial use in shipping operations.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"249 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2020.1827489
J. H. Tam
Stringent regulations and policies have prompted vessel operators and owners to direct the interests on developing greener vessels from oil-fuelled vessels to LNG-fuelled vessels. Consequently, the increasing demands for LNG, as the alternative fuel for vessels, have led to the booming development of LNG carriers or bunker vessels. LNG transfer operations, including loading and bunkering operations, are the major operations taking place on LNG carriers and bunker vessels. As these operations involve in between vessels (ship-to-ship) and terminals (shore-to-ship), compatibility issues should be anticipated and hence, proper compatibility studies should be performed prior to vessel construction stage. Since there are no standard guidelines and procedures of performing compatibility studies, it is the intent of the present article to provide an overview of performing shore-to-ship and ship-to-ship compatibility studies.
{"title":"Overview of performing shore-to-ship and ship-to-ship compatibility studies for LNG bunker vessels","authors":"J. H. Tam","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2020.1827489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827489","url":null,"abstract":"Stringent regulations and policies have prompted vessel operators and owners to direct the interests on developing greener vessels from oil-fuelled vessels to LNG-fuelled vessels. Consequently, the increasing demands for LNG, as the alternative fuel for vessels, have led to the booming development of LNG carriers or bunker vessels. LNG transfer operations, including loading and bunkering operations, are the major operations taking place on LNG carriers and bunker vessels. As these operations involve in between vessels (ship-to-ship) and terminals (shore-to-ship), compatibility issues should be anticipated and hence, proper compatibility studies should be performed prior to vessel construction stage. Since there are no standard guidelines and procedures of performing compatibility studies, it is the intent of the present article to provide an overview of performing shore-to-ship and ship-to-ship compatibility studies.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"257 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2020.1827489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42756298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2020.1826675
Y. Zhang, Ziyun Cheng, Zhike Jia
ABSTRACT Pipeline repair plays an important role in safe pipeline operation. Composite material repair technology has been widely used in pipeline repair due to its advantage of light weight and low cost. In this paper, the failure loads of repaired pipe with composite under tension and internal pressure are analysed by experiments, Finite Element Method (FEM) and theoretical method, and simple formula of failure loads is obtained based on theoretical analysis and verified by FEM and experiments. First, the tension experiment shows that debonding happens in the repaired pipe before its fracture, and then the debonding details are showed in FEM results considering the adhesive debonding criteria, finally a simple formula expression is obtained for the failure tension loads based on the analysis of interface stresses, and the results are almost consistent with the experimental method and FEM. Similarly, for the case under internal pressure, the blasting failure loads are obtained for the repaired pipe based on the theoretical analysis, which are consistent with FEM results.
{"title":"Failure loads analysis of corroded pipe repaired by composite material under tension and internal pressure","authors":"Y. Zhang, Ziyun Cheng, Zhike Jia","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2020.1826675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2020.1826675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pipeline repair plays an important role in safe pipeline operation. Composite material repair technology has been widely used in pipeline repair due to its advantage of light weight and low cost. In this paper, the failure loads of repaired pipe with composite under tension and internal pressure are analysed by experiments, Finite Element Method (FEM) and theoretical method, and simple formula of failure loads is obtained based on theoretical analysis and verified by FEM and experiments. First, the tension experiment shows that debonding happens in the repaired pipe before its fracture, and then the debonding details are showed in FEM results considering the adhesive debonding criteria, finally a simple formula expression is obtained for the failure tension loads based on the analysis of interface stresses, and the results are almost consistent with the experimental method and FEM. Similarly, for the case under internal pressure, the blasting failure loads are obtained for the repaired pipe based on the theoretical analysis, which are consistent with FEM results.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"178 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2020.1826675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45218817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2019.1632142
Guangping Yang, Xianku Zhang, Yongxiao Feng
This paper proposes a nonlinear robust track keeping control algorithm for energy efficiency from the perspective of ship motion control, based on the great significance of the twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road. Replacing the course error with the driven by the sine function in course keeping loop to serve as the input of the controller, the simulation results tested on the ship autopilot simulation platform show that the controller output (maximum rudder angle) decreases, and the control effect of track keeping is better than the previous one in aspects of energy efficiency and rudder shake inhibition. Otherwise, the proposed nonlinear track keeping control algorithm still works in relatively severe sea states. Substituting the nonlinear feedback for the linear feedback has the generality of control effect improving.
{"title":"An energy-efficient nonlinear robust track keeping control algorithm for the Maritime Silk Road","authors":"Guangping Yang, Xianku Zhang, Yongxiao Feng","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2019.1632142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2019.1632142","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a nonlinear robust track keeping control algorithm for energy efficiency from the perspective of ship motion control, based on the great significance of the twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road. Replacing the course error with the driven by the sine function in course keeping loop to serve as the input of the controller, the simulation results tested on the ship autopilot simulation platform show that the controller output (maximum rudder angle) decreases, and the control effect of track keeping is better than the previous one in aspects of energy efficiency and rudder shake inhibition. Otherwise, the proposed nonlinear track keeping control algorithm still works in relatively severe sea states. Substituting the nonlinear feedback for the linear feedback has the generality of control effect improving.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"136 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2019.1632142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47310896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2019.1656324
Veysi Başhan, Görkem Kökkülünk
Nowadays, shipping industry faces challenges of energy efficiency and reducing of fuel consumption. Moreover, Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS) regarding energy efficiency have a larger focus to utilise the heat energy lost from all thermal processes from ship engines. WHRS is one of the best methods to reduce fuel consumption and implicitly emissions. Refrigeration system, which can be evaluated as one of these systems, has a high energy efficiency potential on ships. In this study, exergoeconomic and air emission analyses of a case study ship named M/V Ince Ilgaz have been performed by comparing Vapour Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) and VCRS with WHRS on exergy destruction and Second Law Efficiency in case of variable sea water temperature with 15 different refrigerants. Furthermore, a novel proposed WHRS is used for preheating of an accommodation water which leads reducing of exergy destruction about 9.31–10.60% while using R134A refrigerant. The fuel consumption due to refrigerant compressor has a 36% increase with the 10°C increment of sea water temperature. The increase of CO2, SO2, NO x and Particular Matter (PM) emissions is found about 183.40, 3.10, 4.65 and 0.47 tonnes, by the increase of sea water temperature from 20°C to 30°C for the fleet of 15 ships, respectively. In conclusion, using waste heat recovery on refrigeration system could directly reduce fuel consumption and air emissions.
如今，航运业面临着能源效率和降低燃料消耗的挑战。此外，关于能源效率的废热回收系统（WHRS）更注重利用船舶发动机所有热过程中损失的热能。WHRS是减少燃料消耗和隐性排放的最佳方法之一。制冷系统可以被评估为这些系统之一，在船舶上具有很高的能效潜力。在本研究中，通过比较蒸汽压缩制冷系统（VCRS）和VCRS与WHRS在15种不同制冷剂的可变海水温度情况下的火用破坏和第二定律效率，对M/V Ince Ilgaz号案例研究船进行了火用经济性和空气排放分析。此外，提出了一种新的WHRS用于住宿水的预热，在使用R134A制冷剂时，其火用破坏减少了约9.31–10.60%。随着海水温度升高10°C，制冷剂压缩机的燃油消耗量增加了36%。15艘船队的海水温度从20°C上升到30°C，二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物和特殊物质排放量分别增加了183.40、3.10、4.65和0.47吨。总之，在制冷系统中使用废热回收可以直接降低燃料消耗和空气排放。
{"title":"Exergoeconomic and air emission analyses for marine refrigeration with waste heat recovery system: a case study","authors":"Veysi Başhan, Görkem Kökkülünk","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2019.1656324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2019.1656324","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, shipping industry faces challenges of energy efficiency and reducing of fuel consumption. Moreover, Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS) regarding energy efficiency have a larger focus to utilise the heat energy lost from all thermal processes from ship engines. WHRS is one of the best methods to reduce fuel consumption and implicitly emissions. Refrigeration system, which can be evaluated as one of these systems, has a high energy efficiency potential on ships. In this study, exergoeconomic and air emission analyses of a case study ship named M/V Ince Ilgaz have been performed by comparing Vapour Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) and VCRS with WHRS on exergy destruction and Second Law Efficiency in case of variable sea water temperature with 15 different refrigerants. Furthermore, a novel proposed WHRS is used for preheating of an accommodation water which leads reducing of exergy destruction about 9.31–10.60% while using R134A refrigerant. The fuel consumption due to refrigerant compressor has a 36% increase with the 10°C increment of sea water temperature. The increase of CO2, SO2, NO x and Particular Matter (PM) emissions is found about 183.40, 3.10, 4.65 and 0.47 tonnes, by the increase of sea water temperature from 20°C to 30°C for the fleet of 15 ships, respectively. In conclusion, using waste heat recovery on refrigeration system could directly reduce fuel consumption and air emissions.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"147 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2019.1656324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48868376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2019.1574952
Haocai Huang, Wenke Ge, Canjun Yang, Yan Wei
Deep-sea hydrothermal source investigation utilising water and gas samples to characterise ocean resources requires water sampler, both large and small volume. How to preserve the original captured samples in the sampler during its lifting process to the surface remains challenging. Our research develops a piston type deep-sea pressure equaliser installed in the sampling bottle to solve the pressure problems using pressure self-adaptive principle. This paper describes a new mathematic analysis of the pressure equaliser and carries out its numerical computation accordingly. Two different scenarios i.e. sampling water only and sampling water as well as gas, are selected to evaluate the performance of this pressure equaliser. The result shows that this pressure equaliser is capable of adjusting the pressure properly in the lifting process of the deep-sea water sampling bottle and thus helps to secure the sampling quality. Therefore, the design of pressure equaliser is acceptable.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic analysis of a deep-sea pressure equaliser","authors":"Haocai Huang, Wenke Ge, Canjun Yang, Yan Wei","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2019.1574952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2019.1574952","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-sea hydrothermal source investigation utilising water and gas samples to characterise ocean resources requires water sampler, both large and small volume. How to preserve the original captured samples in the sampler during its lifting process to the surface remains challenging. Our research develops a piston type deep-sea pressure equaliser installed in the sampling bottle to solve the pressure problems using pressure self-adaptive principle. This paper describes a new mathematic analysis of the pressure equaliser and carries out its numerical computation accordingly. Two different scenarios i.e. sampling water only and sampling water as well as gas, are selected to evaluate the performance of this pressure equaliser. The result shows that this pressure equaliser is capable of adjusting the pressure properly in the lifting process of the deep-sea water sampling bottle and thus helps to secure the sampling quality. Therefore, the design of pressure equaliser is acceptable.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"130 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2019.1574952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49268467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-04DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2020.1783883
K. Holak, P. Cieślak, P. Kohut, M. Giergiel
This paper presents a vision system designed for an underwater robot to facilitate measuring the distance to an inspected surface and its orientation with respect to the robot. The system uses a set of laser modules to project a rectangular dot pattern on the inspected surface. The vision system is used to measure the dots’ locations in the 3D space and calculate the distance to the surface, together with the pitch angle and the yaw angle of the camera. A novel calibration procedure is presented, which allows for constructing high resolution camera-laser systems, without requiring a perfect alignment of laser beams and camera optical axis. An underwater vision system simulation environment, based on open-source software, is also introduced and extensively used to test the developed algorithms. The experimental results, obtained in a laboratory tank and a pool, confirm high performance of the system.
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