Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2022.2073805
Kenneth Gordon Montgomery, J. Chudley
Changes in the type of LNG trading has resulted in an increased demand for vessels with greater operational flexibility and efficient propulsion plants. This has led to the demand for the capability to re-liquefy boil-off-gas (BOG) and return it the cargo-tanks and sell it as cargo or burn BOG or fuel oils depending on the relative costs at the time. This allows energy companies to divert LNG to markets with high seasonal peak demand and take advantage of highest prices, yet still meet long-term SPA's. The research in this paper was conducted by means of qualitative data collection and subsequent analysis using market management tools to ascertain the technical viability. From this point, the data was fed into economic analysis to produce quantitative data that allowed for a determination for a final investment decision for a number of market scenarios. LNG carriers with re-liquefaction capability are positively differentiated from those without it. They are capable of greater operational flexibility, and as a result, their competitive position is improved. They can demand higher charter rates as the increase in cargo quantity offloaded results in increased revenue. They present a lower environmental footprint as there is no requirement to thermally oxidise excess BOG in a GCU. The analysis shows it is technically viable to retrofit a re-liquefaction plant onboard 150,000 m3 Dual Fuel Diesel Electric (DFDE) LNG carriers. The economic viability is more complicated, situation-dependent, and influenced by market forces, environmental legislation, and political interference.
{"title":"The viability of retro-fitting a re-liquefaction plant onboard a 150,000m3 DFDE LNG carrier","authors":"Kenneth Gordon Montgomery, J. Chudley","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2022.2073805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2022.2073805","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the type of LNG trading has resulted in an increased demand for vessels with greater operational flexibility and efficient propulsion plants. This has led to the demand for the capability to re-liquefy boil-off-gas (BOG) and return it the cargo-tanks and sell it as cargo or burn BOG or fuel oils depending on the relative costs at the time. This allows energy companies to divert LNG to markets with high seasonal peak demand and take advantage of highest prices, yet still meet long-term SPA's. The research in this paper was conducted by means of qualitative data collection and subsequent analysis using market management tools to ascertain the technical viability. From this point, the data was fed into economic analysis to produce quantitative data that allowed for a determination for a final investment decision for a number of market scenarios. LNG carriers with re-liquefaction capability are positively differentiated from those without it. They are capable of greater operational flexibility, and as a result, their competitive position is improved. They can demand higher charter rates as the increase in cargo quantity offloaded results in increased revenue. They present a lower environmental footprint as there is no requirement to thermally oxidise excess BOG in a GCU. The analysis shows it is technically viable to retrofit a re-liquefaction plant onboard 150,000 m3 Dual Fuel Diesel Electric (DFDE) LNG carriers. The economic viability is more complicated, situation-dependent, and influenced by market forces, environmental legislation, and political interference.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"12 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2022.2058690
N. Vasilikis, R. Geertsma, K. Visser
Ship designers hardly ever receive feedback from the actual operation of their designs apart from sea acceptance trials. Similarly, crews operating the vessels do not receive a clear picture of the energy performance and environmental footprint of different options. This paper proposes a methodology based on operational data from continuous monitoring, and applies it to an ocean patrol vessel of the Royal Netherlands Navy in order to identify the impact of diverse operational conditions on energy performance over the whole operating range, but also to examine the decision to equip the vessel with hybrid propulsion. Specifically, it introduces mean energy effectiveness indicator and mean total energy efficiency over discretised vessel speed, as the main tool in quantifying the energy gains and losses to assist in making better-advised design and operational decisions. Moreover, it demonstrates a dataset enrichment procedure, using manufacturers' information, in case not all needed sensors are available. Results suggest that electrical propulsion was 15–25% less efficient than the best mechanical propulsion mode, and on the overall energy performance of the vessel, increasing speed by 1 knot caused a 7% and 14% increase over the minimum /mile emissions between 8 and 14, and above 14 knots respectively.
{"title":"Operational data-driven energy performance assessment of ships: the case study of a naval vessel with hybrid propulsion","authors":"N. Vasilikis, R. Geertsma, K. Visser","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2022.2058690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2022.2058690","url":null,"abstract":"Ship designers hardly ever receive feedback from the actual operation of their designs apart from sea acceptance trials. Similarly, crews operating the vessels do not receive a clear picture of the energy performance and environmental footprint of different options. This paper proposes a methodology based on operational data from continuous monitoring, and applies it to an ocean patrol vessel of the Royal Netherlands Navy in order to identify the impact of diverse operational conditions on energy performance over the whole operating range, but also to examine the decision to equip the vessel with hybrid propulsion. Specifically, it introduces mean energy effectiveness indicator and mean total energy efficiency over discretised vessel speed, as the main tool in quantifying the energy gains and losses to assist in making better-advised design and operational decisions. Moreover, it demonstrates a dataset enrichment procedure, using manufacturers' information, in case not all needed sensors are available. Results suggest that electrical propulsion was 15–25% less efficient than the best mechanical propulsion mode, and on the overall energy performance of the vessel, increasing speed by 1 knot caused a 7% and 14% increase over the minimum /mile emissions between 8 and 14, and above 14 knots respectively.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"84 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48304525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2022.2044584
N. Tchertchian, D. Millet
In this paper the concept of eco-maintenance is presented. The concept aims to improve lifetime while minimising environmental impact over the entire life cycle to ensure maximum performance. Offshore wind farms are subjected to severe weather conditions, which limits the vessels capabilities to access the wind farms. The interest of this paper is the investigation of the optimal maintenance strategy for different offshore wind farms. This objective is achieved by implementing a simulation model which includes, weather and failure analysis as well as operation and maintenance. This paper shows how different maintenance strategies can influence the environmental performance of a wind farm.
{"title":"Which eco-maintenance for renewable energy? A simulation model for optimising the choice of offshore wind farm maintenance vessel","authors":"N. Tchertchian, D. Millet","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2022.2044584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2022.2044584","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the concept of eco-maintenance is presented. The concept aims to improve lifetime while minimising environmental impact over the entire life cycle to ensure maximum performance. Offshore wind farms are subjected to severe weather conditions, which limits the vessels capabilities to access the wind farms. The interest of this paper is the investigation of the optimal maintenance strategy for different offshore wind farms. This objective is achieved by implementing a simulation model which includes, weather and failure analysis as well as operation and maintenance. This paper shows how different maintenance strategies can influence the environmental performance of a wind farm.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47134881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2022.2031557
A. Valcalda, D. de Koningh, A. Kana
The introduction of the ‘Safe Return to Port’ (SRtP) regulations strongly impacted the design of passenger ships. To meet the functional requirements of these regulations, the systems on board reached an extreme level of complexity in terms of redundancy and segregation, considerably increasing the difficulties to assess the compliance of the designs. However, non-compliant designs are a major risk for every design company which must prevent at all costs the possibility of expensive re-designs in later stages of the process. The aim of this research is to address the gap in the literature and in the market of design support tools, presenting a method to effectively mitigate the risks of non-compliant solutions with SRtP. The method comprises a thorough analysis of the spaces on board and a software tool for the assessment of the correct placement of the systems components. The value of the solution proposed was assessed in two case studies in which the method has been proven capable of effectively identifying the non-compliant solutions in a convenient and time-saving manner. Additional features for the suggestion of solutions to achieve the compliance have been implemented in the tool to further support designers during the complex design process of SRtP projects.
{"title":"A method to assess the impact of safe return to port regulatory framework on passenger ships concept design","authors":"A. Valcalda, D. de Koningh, A. Kana","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2022.2031557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2022.2031557","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of the ‘Safe Return to Port’ (SRtP) regulations strongly impacted the design of passenger ships. To meet the functional requirements of these regulations, the systems on board reached an extreme level of complexity in terms of redundancy and segregation, considerably increasing the difficulties to assess the compliance of the designs. However, non-compliant designs are a major risk for every design company which must prevent at all costs the possibility of expensive re-designs in later stages of the process. The aim of this research is to address the gap in the literature and in the market of design support tools, presenting a method to effectively mitigate the risks of non-compliant solutions with SRtP. The method comprises a thorough analysis of the spaces on board and a software tool for the assessment of the correct placement of the systems components. The value of the solution proposed was assessed in two case studies in which the method has been proven capable of effectively identifying the non-compliant solutions in a convenient and time-saving manner. Additional features for the suggestion of solutions to achieve the compliance have been implemented in the tool to further support designers during the complex design process of SRtP projects.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"111 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41863136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2022.2031558
Wenwen Liu, Yuanchang Liu, R. Bucknall
When considering the working conditions under which an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) operates, the navigational sensors, which already have inherent uncertainties, are subjected to environment influences that can affect the accuracy, security and reliability of USV navigation. To combat this, multi-sensor data fusion algorithms will be developed in this paper to deal with the raw sensor measurements from three kinds of commonly used sensors and calculate improved navigational data for USV operation in a practical environment. Unscented Kalman Filter, as an advanced filtering technology dedicated to dealing with non-linear systems, has been adopted as the underlying algorithm with the performance validated within various computer-based simulations where practical, dynamic navigational influences, such as ocean currents, provide force against the vessel’s structure, are to be considered.
{"title":"Filtering based multi-sensor data fusion algorithm for a reliable unmanned surface vehicle navigation","authors":"Wenwen Liu, Yuanchang Liu, R. Bucknall","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2022.2031558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2022.2031558","url":null,"abstract":"When considering the working conditions under which an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) operates, the navigational sensors, which already have inherent uncertainties, are subjected to environment influences that can affect the accuracy, security and reliability of USV navigation. To combat this, multi-sensor data fusion algorithms will be developed in this paper to deal with the raw sensor measurements from three kinds of commonly used sensors and calculate improved navigational data for USV operation in a practical environment. Unscented Kalman Filter, as an advanced filtering technology dedicated to dealing with non-linear systems, has been adopted as the underlying algorithm with the performance validated within various computer-based simulations where practical, dynamic navigational influences, such as ocean currents, provide force against the vessel’s structure, are to be considered.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"67 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43890041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2021.2024382
J. Voth, G. H. Sturtevant
ABSTRACT Digital transformation – the pervasive incorporation of digital technology into virtually every process and system – is arguably the greatest force of change within the naval engineering community. Digital innovation is disrupting traditional ship design paradigms and giving rise to new ways of modernising and sustaining a future integrated force structure. This paper highlights digital transformation as a core strategic initiative that is aligned with the U.S. Department of Defense Digital Engineering Strategy. Recognising the need to expand the U.S. Navy’s advantage over its competitors, this paper identifies foundational elements required to transform current engineering design and development processes. Next, a multi-factor framework is introduced to align traditional processes employed for physical system design and development with a new digital paradigm in recognition of the highly integrated nature of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Finally, discussion will focus on efforts underway to leverage advanced computational models and highlight the digital engineering use case for Naval Power and Energy Systems (NPES).
{"title":"Digital engineering: expanding the advantage","authors":"J. Voth, G. H. Sturtevant","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2021.2024382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2021.2024382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Digital transformation – the pervasive incorporation of digital technology into virtually every process and system – is arguably the greatest force of change within the naval engineering community. Digital innovation is disrupting traditional ship design paradigms and giving rise to new ways of modernising and sustaining a future integrated force structure. This paper highlights digital transformation as a core strategic initiative that is aligned with the U.S. Department of Defense Digital Engineering Strategy. Recognising the need to expand the U.S. Navy’s advantage over its competitors, this paper identifies foundational elements required to transform current engineering design and development processes. Next, a multi-factor framework is introduced to align traditional processes employed for physical system design and development with a new digital paradigm in recognition of the highly integrated nature of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Finally, discussion will focus on efforts underway to leverage advanced computational models and highlight the digital engineering use case for Naval Power and Energy Systems (NPES).","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"355 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45723059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2021.1996071
M. F. van Diessen, E. Duchateau, A. Kana, J. Hopman
ABSTRACT Vulnerability reduction measures are taken during the early stage distributed ship system design process to ensure the availability of the required systems in a damaged state. Traditionally these vulnerability reduction measures are based on design rules or best practices resulting from past experiences. Therefore, the measures are not per definition applicable for future warships, as both the system concepts and operational environment changes. Recently developed vulnerability assessment methods are able to determine the vulnerability of a design early in the design process. With the integration of these methods in the early stage design process, the results of the analysis can be used to generate less vulnerable distributed ship system designs. This paper proposes an integral and holistic approach to optimisation of the design variables and distributed networks as these are becoming increasingly interdependent. The result of this approach is a model which generates distributed ship system designs consisting of component positions, a topology and routed connections based on a pre-defined system configuration and constraining physical architecture. Five testcases were conducted using this model, showing the necessity of the integral and holistic approach as the extent to which the contemporary design rules are implemented depends on the network complexity and operational environment.
{"title":"Integrating vulnerability analysis into the early stage distributed naval ship system design process","authors":"M. F. van Diessen, E. Duchateau, A. Kana, J. Hopman","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2021.1996071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2021.1996071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vulnerability reduction measures are taken during the early stage distributed ship system design process to ensure the availability of the required systems in a damaged state. Traditionally these vulnerability reduction measures are based on design rules or best practices resulting from past experiences. Therefore, the measures are not per definition applicable for future warships, as both the system concepts and operational environment changes. Recently developed vulnerability assessment methods are able to determine the vulnerability of a design early in the design process. With the integration of these methods in the early stage design process, the results of the analysis can be used to generate less vulnerable distributed ship system designs. This paper proposes an integral and holistic approach to optimisation of the design variables and distributed networks as these are becoming increasingly interdependent. The result of this approach is a model which generates distributed ship system designs consisting of component positions, a topology and routed connections based on a pre-defined system configuration and constraining physical architecture. Five testcases were conducted using this model, showing the necessity of the integral and holistic approach as the extent to which the contemporary design rules are implemented depends on the network complexity and operational environment.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"343 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41536893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-19DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2021.1978193
J. Prousalidis
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is in continuation with previous works of other authors, to demonstrate a methodology of analysing unbalanced operating conditions of ship electric energy systems via Millman’s theorem. Its advantages consist in being simple in implementation (either in time domain or in phasor mode) especially by non-electric power engineers, in contrast to the more complicated method via the symmetric components (or sequence networks). Furthermore, the method can be well applied to most ship electric systems, the configurations of which are not as complicated as in inland grids, e.g. with meshed loop double-circuit transmission networks, etc. The analysis covers most unbalanced case studies, i.e. single- and two-phase short-circuit faults as well as single- and two open-circuit faults.
{"title":"Analysis of unbalanced fault operating conditions of ship electric networks via Millman’s theorem","authors":"J. Prousalidis","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2021.1978193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2021.1978193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is in continuation with previous works of other authors, to demonstrate a methodology of analysing unbalanced operating conditions of ship electric energy systems via Millman’s theorem. Its advantages consist in being simple in implementation (either in time domain or in phasor mode) especially by non-electric power engineers, in contrast to the more complicated method via the symmetric components (or sequence networks). Furthermore, the method can be well applied to most ship electric systems, the configurations of which are not as complicated as in inland grids, e.g. with meshed loop double-circuit transmission networks, etc. The analysis covers most unbalanced case studies, i.e. single- and two-phase short-circuit faults as well as single- and two open-circuit faults.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"324 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2021.1978745
K. Hellton, M. Tveten, M. Stakkeland, S. Engebretsen, O. Haug, M. Aldrin
ABSTRACT Thermal protection in marine electrical propulsion motors is commonly implemented by installing temperature sensors on the windings of the motor. An alarm is issued once the temperature reaches the alarm limit, while the motor shuts down once the trip limit is reached. Field experience shows that this protection scheme in some cases is insufficient, as the motor may already be damaged before reaching the trip limit. In this paper, we develop a machine learning algorithm to predict overheating, based on past data collected from a class of identical vessels. All methods were implemented to comply with real-time requirements of the on-board protective systems with minimal need for memory and computational power. Our two-stage overheating detection algorithm first predicts the temperature in a normal state using linear regression fitted to regular operation motor performance measurements, with exponentially smoothed predictors accounting for time dynamics. Then it identifies and monitors temperature deviations between the observed and predicted temperatures using an adaptive cumulative sum (CUSUM) procedure. Using data from a real fault case, the monitor alerts between 60 to 90 min before failure occurs, and it is able to detect the emerging fault at temperatures below the current alarm limits.
{"title":"Real-time prediction of propulsion motor overheating using machine learning","authors":"K. Hellton, M. Tveten, M. Stakkeland, S. Engebretsen, O. Haug, M. Aldrin","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2021.1978745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2021.1978745","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thermal protection in marine electrical propulsion motors is commonly implemented by installing temperature sensors on the windings of the motor. An alarm is issued once the temperature reaches the alarm limit, while the motor shuts down once the trip limit is reached. Field experience shows that this protection scheme in some cases is insufficient, as the motor may already be damaged before reaching the trip limit. In this paper, we develop a machine learning algorithm to predict overheating, based on past data collected from a class of identical vessels. All methods were implemented to comply with real-time requirements of the on-board protective systems with minimal need for memory and computational power. Our two-stage overheating detection algorithm first predicts the temperature in a normal state using linear regression fitted to regular operation motor performance measurements, with exponentially smoothed predictors accounting for time dynamics. Then it identifies and monitors temperature deviations between the observed and predicted temperatures using an adaptive cumulative sum (CUSUM) procedure. Using data from a real fault case, the monitor alerts between 60 to 90 min before failure occurs, and it is able to detect the emerging fault at temperatures below the current alarm limits.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"334 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47765999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/20464177.2021.1949088
S. Simandjuntak, N. Bausch, A. Farrar, Juan Ahuir-Torres I, B. Thomas, J. Muna
ABSTRACT A Proof-of-Concept (POC) low power-low current wireless sensor network (WSN) for corrosion detection and monitoring of offshore wind turbine (OWT)’s component, entitled iWindCr, has been developed and field trialled in one of the OWTs in the UK south region. This paper reports on the setting up and outcomes of this field trial. The trial has successfully demonstrated the working functionality of the WSN by measuring changes of the Open Circuit Potential (OCP) and Zero Resistance Ammeter (ZRA) electrochemical parameters over a period of time. The state of corrosion and estimated life of an M72 galvanised steel stud, part of the Monopile (MP)-transition piece (TP) flanged connection were evaluated using the real-time data from the WSN with reference to the material’s corrosion thresholds from the iWindCr database. The paper details the electrochemical analysis processes in relation to the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic Polarisation Curve (PPC) in addition to the OCP and ZRA techniques. The electrochemical parameters and corrosion threshold values from seawater immersion tests of the steel alloys SS316L and S355, the typical MP-TP materials are presented.
{"title":"iWindCr field trial and electrochemical analysis for corrosion detection and monitoring offshore wind turbine’s MP-TP steel components","authors":"S. Simandjuntak, N. Bausch, A. Farrar, Juan Ahuir-Torres I, B. Thomas, J. Muna","doi":"10.1080/20464177.2021.1949088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2021.1949088","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A Proof-of-Concept (POC) low power-low current wireless sensor network (WSN) for corrosion detection and monitoring of offshore wind turbine (OWT)’s component, entitled iWindCr, has been developed and field trialled in one of the OWTs in the UK south region. This paper reports on the setting up and outcomes of this field trial. The trial has successfully demonstrated the working functionality of the WSN by measuring changes of the Open Circuit Potential (OCP) and Zero Resistance Ammeter (ZRA) electrochemical parameters over a period of time. The state of corrosion and estimated life of an M72 galvanised steel stud, part of the Monopile (MP)-transition piece (TP) flanged connection were evaluated using the real-time data from the WSN with reference to the material’s corrosion thresholds from the iWindCr database. The paper details the electrochemical analysis processes in relation to the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic Polarisation Curve (PPC) in addition to the OCP and ZRA techniques. The electrochemical parameters and corrosion threshold values from seawater immersion tests of the steel alloys SS316L and S355, the typical MP-TP materials are presented.","PeriodicalId":50152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"311 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20464177.2021.1949088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46565389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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