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Automation and AI Technology in Surface Mining With a Brief Introduction to Open-Pit Operations in the Pilbara 露天采矿中的自动化和人工智能技术——皮尔巴拉露天矿作业简介
Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: arxiv-2301.09771
Raymond Leung, Andrew J Hill, Arman Melkumyan
This survey article provides a synopsis on some of the engineering problems,technological innovations, robotic development and automation effortsencountered in the mining industry -- particularly in the Pilbara iron-oreregion of Western Australia. The goal is to paint the technology landscape andhighlight issues relevant to an engineering audience to raise awareness of AIand automation trends in mining. It assumes the reader has no prior knowledgeof mining and builds context gradually through focused discussion and shortsummaries of common open-pit mining operations. The principal activities thattake place may be categorized in terms of resource development, mine-, rail-and port operations. From mineral exploration to ore shipment, there areroughly nine steps in between. These include: geological assessment, mineplanning and development, production drilling and assaying, blasting andexcavation, transportation of ore and waste, crush and screen, stockpile andload-out, rail network distribution, and ore-car dumping. The objective is tobriefly describe what each of these processes involves and identify some of thechallenges/opportunities from the perspective of a decade-longindustry-university R&D collaboration.
这篇调查文章概述了采矿业遇到的一些工程问题、技术创新、机器人开发和自动化努力,特别是在西澳大利亚的皮尔巴拉铁矿地区。目标是描绘技术景观,突出与工程观众相关的问题,以提高对采矿中人工智能和自动化趋势的认识。它假设读者没有采矿的先验知识,并通过集中讨论和常见露天采矿作业的简短总结逐渐建立上下文。所进行的主要活动可按资源开发、矿山、铁路和港口业务分类。从矿产勘探到矿石运输,中间大约有9个步骤。这些措施包括:地质评估、矿山规划和开发、生产钻井和分析、爆破和挖掘、矿石和废物运输、粉碎和筛分、储存和装载、铁路网络分配和矿车倾倒。本文的目的是简要描述这些过程所涉及的内容,并从长达十年的产学研合作的角度确定一些挑战/机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and the Bernoulli Numbers 查尔斯·巴贝奇,阿达·洛夫莱斯,和伯努利数
Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: arxiv-2301.02919
Thomas J. Misa
This chapter makes needed corrections to an unduly negative scholarly view ofAda Lovelace. Credit between Lovelace and Babbage is not a zero-sum game, whereany credit added to Lovelace somehow detracts from Babbage. Ample evidenceindicates Babbage and Lovelace each had important contributions to the famous1843 Sketch of Babbage's Analytical Engine and the accompanying Notes. Further,Lovelace's correspondence with two highly accomplished figures in 19th centurymathematics, Charles Babbage and Augustus De Morgan, establish her mathematicalbackground and sophistication. Babbage and Lovelace's treatment of theBernoulli numbers in Note 'G' spotlights this aspect of their collaboration.Finally, while acknowledging significant definitional problems in callingLovelace the world's "first computer programmer," I affirm that Lovelacecreated an elemental sequence of instructions -- that is, an algorithm -- forcomputing the series of Bernoulli numbers.
本章对学术界对阿达·洛夫莱斯的过分消极的看法作了必要的纠正。勒夫莱斯和巴贝奇之间的信用不是零和游戏,勒夫莱斯的信用在某种程度上减少了巴贝奇的信用。充分的证据表明,巴贝奇和洛夫莱斯都对著名的1843年巴贝奇分析机草图和随附的注释做出了重要贡献。此外,洛夫莱斯与19世纪数学界两位成就卓著的人物查尔斯·巴贝奇和奥古斯都·德·摩根的通信,奠定了她的数学背景和学识。巴贝奇和洛夫莱斯在注释'G'中对伯努利数的处理突出了他们合作的这一方面。最后,虽然承认称洛夫莱斯为世界上“第一个计算机程序员”存在重大的定义问题,但我肯定洛夫莱斯为计算伯努利数系列创造了一个基本的指令序列——即一种算法。
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引用次数: 0
Epistemological Equation for Analysing Uncontrollable States in Complex Systems: Quantifying Cyber Risks from the Internet of Things 分析复杂系统中不可控状态的认识论方程:量化物联网的网络风险
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: arxiv-2212.08141
Petar Radanliev, David De Roure, Pete Burnap, Omar Santos
To enable quantitative risk assessment of uncontrollable risk states incomplex and coupled IoT systems, a new epistemological equation is designed andtested though comparative and empirical analysis. The comparative analysis isconducted on national digital strategies, followed by an empirical analysis ofcyber risk assessment approaches. The new epistemological analysis approachenables the assessment of uncontrollable risk states in complex IoT systems,which begin to resemble artificial intelligence, and can be used for aquantitative self-assessment of IoT cyber risk posture.
为了能够对复杂和耦合的物联网系统的不可控风险状态进行定量风险评估,设计了一个新的认识论方程,并通过比较和实证分析进行了测试。对国家数字战略进行了比较分析,然后对网络风险评估方法进行了实证分析。新的认识论分析方法能够评估复杂物联网系统中不可控的风险状态,这些系统开始类似于人工智能,并可用于物联网网络风险态势的定量自我评估。
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引用次数: 0
Can REF output quality scores be assigned by AI? Experimental evidence REF输出质量分数可以由AI分配吗?实验证据
Pub Date : 2022-12-11 DOI: arxiv-2212.08041
Mike Thelwall, Kayvan Kousha, Mahshid Abdoli, Emma Stuart, Meiko Makita, Paul Wilson, Jonathan Levitt
This document describes strategies for using Artificial Intelligence (AI) topredict some journal article scores in future research assessment exercises.Five strategies have been assessed.
本文档描述了在未来的研究评估练习中使用人工智能(AI)预测一些期刊文章分数的策略。评估了五种策略。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication 毫米波无线通信的发展
Pub Date : 2022-11-27 DOI: arxiv-2211.14728
Quanda Zhang, Hudi Wang
The future wireless communication system faces the bottleneck of the shortageof traditional spectrum resources and the explosive growth of the demand forwireless services. Millimeter-wave communication with spectral resources hasbecome an effective choice for the next generation of wireless broadbandcellular communication. However, the transmission path loss is large and oxygenand water molecules absorb Characteristics such as seriousness have broughtgreat challenges to millimeter wave communication, and it is necessary to seeka technical approach different from low-frequency wireless communication. Inthe analysis of millimeter wave transmission characteristics After theanalysis, the research progress of millimeter wave communication technology andthe RF front-end is comprehensively analyzed, and the technology of millimeterwave communication is thoroughly analyzed with technical challenges andproposed corresponding research directions.
未来的无线通信系统面临着传统频谱资源短缺和无线业务需求爆发式增长的瓶颈。具有频谱资源的毫米波通信已成为下一代无线宽带蜂窝通信的有效选择。但传输路径损耗大、氧和水分子吸收严重等特点给毫米波通信带来了极大的挑战,有必要寻求不同于低频无线通信的技术途径。在分析毫米波传输特性后,对毫米波通信技术和射频前端的研究进展进行了全面分析,对毫米波通信技术进行了深入分析,提出了相应的研究方向和技术挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic Literature Review of Gender and Software Engineering in Asia 性别与软件工程在亚洲的系统文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: arxiv-2211.09554
Hironori Washizaki
It is essential to discuss the role, difficulties, and opportunitiesconcerning people of different gender in the field of software engineeringresearch, education, and industry. Although some literature reviews addresssoftware engineering and gender, it is still unclear how research and practicesin Asia exist for handling gender aspects in software development andengineering. We conducted a systematic literature review to grasp thecomprehensive view of gender research and practices in Asia. We analyzed the 32identified papers concerning countries and publication years among 463publications. Researchers and practitioners from various organizations activelywork on gender research and practices in some countries, including China,India, and Turkey. We identified topics and classified them into sevencategories varying from personal mental health and team building toorganization. Future research directions include investigating the synergybetween (regional) gender aspects and cultural concerns and consideringpossible contributions and dependency among different topics to have a solidfoundation for accelerating further research and getting actionable practices.
讨论不同性别的人在软件工程研究、教育和工业领域的角色、困难和机会是必要的。虽然一些文献综述解决了软件工程和性别问题,但目前尚不清楚亚洲的研究和实践如何处理软件开发和工程中的性别问题。我们进行了系统的文献综述,以掌握亚洲性别研究和实践的全面观点。我们分析了463篇出版物中涉及国家和出版年份的32篇论文。来自不同组织的研究人员和实践者在一些国家积极从事性别研究和实践,包括中国、印度和土耳其。我们确定了主题,并将其分为七个类别,从个人心理健康、团队建设到组织。未来的研究方向包括调查(区域)性别方面和文化问题之间的协同作用,并考虑不同主题之间可能的贡献和依赖关系,为加快进一步研究和获得可操作的实践奠定坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Literacy and Reading Habits of The DMI-St. Eugene University Students 数字素养和阅读习惯的DMI-St。尤金大学学生
Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: arxiv-2211.05831
Subaveerapandiyan A, Priyanka Sinha
Digital literacy is the skill of finding, evaluating, consuming, andgenerating information using digital technologies. The study attempted tocomprehend university students' digital reading habits and skills. It alsoprovides a glimpse of the pupils' favorite reading materials, includingphysical and digital sources. We examined BSc and BE Computer Science studentsof DMI-St. Eugene University, Zambia. The tool was a structured questionnairethat was distributed through WhatsApp. The study's findings revealed that moststudents thoroughly understand digital tools and how to use them but lack theskills to build their websites and portfolio. Out of 115 students, all agreedthey used computers for learning purposes. Usage of digital environments,generally, they used the World Wide Web for searching for information.Additionally, most students have medium digital application skills, despitetheir preference for reading electronic books. The results indicate thatstudents' gender and level of education had a statistically significant linkwith their digital literacy, whereas age wasn't shown to be a statisticallyrelevant predictor. The findings show that, in terms of education, especiallyreading, students' or readers' top priorities are electronic resources; printbook preferences are reduced.
数字素养是使用数字技术查找、评估、消费和生成信息的技能。该研究试图了解大学生的数字阅读习惯和技能。它还提供了学生最喜欢的阅读材料,包括物理和数字来源的一瞥。我们调查了DMI-St的理学士和学士计算机科学专业的学生。尤金大学,赞比亚。该工具是一份通过WhatsApp分发的结构化问卷。研究结果显示,大多数学生完全了解数字工具以及如何使用它们,但缺乏建立网站和投资组合的技能。在115名学生中,所有人都同意他们使用电脑是为了学习。数字环境的使用,一般来说,他们使用万维网来搜索信息。此外,大多数学生有中等数字应用技能,尽管他们喜欢阅读电子书。结果表明,学生的性别和教育水平与他们的数字素养有统计学上的显著联系,而年龄并不是一个统计学上相关的预测因素。调查结果显示,在教育方面,尤其是阅读方面,学生或读者的首要任务是电子资源;纸质书的偏好减少了。
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引用次数: 0
Cards Against AI: Predicting Humor in a Fill-in-the-blank Party Game 纸牌对抗AI:在填空派对游戏中预测幽默
Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: arxiv-2210.13016
Dan Ofer, Dafna Shahaf
Humor is an inherently social phenomenon, with humorous utterances shaped bywhat is socially and culturally accepted. Understanding humor is an importantNLP challenge, with many applications to human-computer interactions. In thiswork we explore humor in the context of Cards Against Humanity -- a party gamewhere players complete fill-in-the-blank statements using cards that can beoffensive or politically incorrect. We introduce a novel dataset of 300,000online games of Cards Against Humanity, including 785K unique jokes, analyze itand provide insights. We trained machine learning models to predict the winningjoke per game, achieving performance twice as good (20%) as random, evenwithout any user information. On the more difficult task of judging novelcards, we see the models' ability to generalize is moderate. Interestingly, wefind that our models are primarily focused on punchline card, with the contexthaving little impact. Analyzing feature importance, we observe that short,crude, juvenile punchlines tend to win.
幽默是一种固有的社会现象,幽默的话语是由社会和文化所接受的东西形成的。理解幽默是一项重要的nlp挑战,在人机交互中有许多应用。在这个作品中,我们在《纸牌反人类》的背景下探索幽默——这是一款派对游戏,玩家使用可能具有攻击性或政治不正确的纸牌完成填空陈述。我们引入了一个由30万个网络反人类纸牌游戏组成的新数据集,其中包括78.5万个独特的笑话,并对其进行分析并提供见解。我们训练机器学习模型来预测每场比赛的获胜笑话,即使没有任何用户信息,其性能也达到随机的两倍(20%)。在更困难的判断小说卡片的任务中,我们看到模型的概括能力是中等的。有趣的是,我们发现我们的模型主要集中在点睛之笔卡片上,上下文几乎没有影响。分析特征的重要性,我们发现简短、粗糙、幼稚的笑点往往胜出。
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引用次数: 0
Sociotechnical Harms: Scoping a Taxonomy for Harm Reduction 社会技术危害:界定减少危害的分类
Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: arxiv-2210.05791
Renee Shelby, Shalaleh Rismani, Kathryn Henne, AJung Moon, Negar Rostamzadeh, Paul Nicholas, N'Mah Yilla, Jess Gallegos, Andrew Smart, Emilio Garcia, Gurleen Virk
Understanding the landscape of potential harms from algorithmic systemsenables practitioners to better anticipate consequences of the systems theybuild. It also supports the prospect of incorporating controls to help minimizeharms that emerge from the interplay of technologies and social and culturaldynamics. A growing body of scholarship has identified a wide range of harmsacross different algorithmic technologies. However, computing research andpractitioners lack a high level and synthesized overview of harms fromalgorithmic systems arising at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of society.We present an applied taxonomy of sociotechnical harms to support moresystematic surfacing of potential harms in algorithmic systems. Based on ascoping review of computing research ($n=172$), we identified five major themesrelated to sociotechnical harms - representational, allocative,quality-of-service, interpersonal harms, and social system/societal harms - andsub-themes. We describe these categories and conclude with a discussion ofchallenges and opportunities for future research.
了解算法系统的潜在危害,可以让从业者更好地预测他们构建的系统的后果。它还支持整合控制的前景,以帮助最大限度地减少技术与社会和文化动态相互作用所产生的危害。越来越多的学者已经确定了不同算法技术的广泛危害。然而,计算研究和实践者缺乏对算法系统在社会微观、中观和宏观层面产生的危害的高水平和综合概述。我们提出了一种社会技术危害的应用分类,以支持更系统地揭示算法系统中的潜在危害。基于对计算机研究的综述(n=172),我们确定了与社会技术危害相关的五个主要主题——代表性危害、分配危害、服务质量危害、人际危害和社会系统/社会危害——以及子主题。我们描述了这些类别,并讨论了未来研究的挑战和机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Software system rationalisation: How to get better outcomes through stronger user engagement 软件系统合理化:如何通过更强的用户参与获得更好的结果
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: arxiv-2210.00236
Richard Shute, Nick Lynch
As businesses get more sizable and more mature they now, inevitably accretemore and more software systems. This estate expansion leads not only to greatercomplexity and expense for the enterprise, but also to fragmentation,inconsistency and siloing of business processes. Because platformrationalisation and system decommissioning never happens spontaneously, aperennial problem for the enterprise then becomes how to simplify theircorporate software platforms. Recently, Curlew Research personnel were involvedin a software rationalisation program within a large global life sciencescompany and this paper describes an approach to decommissioning which wedeveloped as part of that project, and which we feel could be of use morewidely to help with objective more user-centric system rationalisation. Themethod derives from a model developed by Noriaki Kano et al to help withdetermining customer satisfaction and loyalty, and the prioritisation of new,additional functionality, features or "products", for example when looking toenhance software applications. Using a blueprint process for rationalisation,the Curlew-Kano method enables each application to be placed efficiently andobjectively into one of four categories - Retain; Review; Remove; Research -thus allowing the enterprise to identify and prioritise quickly those systemswhich warrant further investigation as part of a decommissioning activity. Thekey difference of the Curlew-Kano method compared to other applicationrationalisation methodologies is the fundamental involvement of users in theidentification of systems more suitable for rationalisation and possibledecommissioning. In our view involving users more fully in systemrationalisation leads to better outcomes for the enterprise.
随着企业规模越来越大,越来越成熟,它们现在不可避免地需要越来越多的软件系统。这种资产扩展不仅会增加企业的复杂性和成本,还会导致业务流程的碎片化、不一致性和竖井化。由于平台合理化和系统退役从来都不是自发发生的,因此企业的长期问题就变成了如何简化企业的软件平台。最近,Curlew研究人员参与了一家大型全球生命科学公司的软件合理化计划,本文描述了我们作为该项目的一部分开发的一种退役方法,我们认为这种方法可以更广泛地用于帮助客观地以用户为中心的系统合理化。该方法源自Noriaki Kano等人开发的模型,以帮助确定客户满意度和忠诚度,以及新的,额外的功能,特性或“产品”的优先级,例如在寻找增强软件应用程序时。curlewo - kano方法使用蓝图流程进行合理化,使每个应用程序能够有效而客观地归入以下四类之一:保留;审查;删除;研究——从而使企业能够快速识别和优先考虑那些需要进一步调查的系统,作为退役活动的一部分。Curlew-Kano方法与其他应用合理化方法的关键区别在于,用户从根本上参与到更适合合理化和可能退役的系统的识别中。在我们看来,让用户更充分地参与到系统合理化中会给企业带来更好的结果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - CS - General Literature
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