Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2044
V. Di Nica, S. Villa, V. Lencioni
Are the effluents of wastewater treatment plants in high mountains of concern for aquatic biodiversity? To answer this question, we carried out an experimental study testing the short-term toxicity of some Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs) in the effluents of a plant in a mountain valley of the Italian Alps sampled during the high tourist season (i.e., the ski season) when PhACs contamination is higher. We used different tools, taking as a model the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri: the “whole-mixture approach” (Microtox test), “component-based approach”, predictive models “Concentration Addition (CA)”, “Independent Action (IA)”, and Combination Index (CI)”. We investigated the nature of interactions potentially occurring among seven selected PhACs (clarithromycin, naproxen, acetaminophen (paracetamol), ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and amoxicillin). This study showed that anti-inflammatory ibuprofen and diclofenac have higher short-term toxicity (IC50 <100 mg L-1) for A. fischeri compared with antibiotics, whose toxic effects are expected to become visible in the long term. Furthermore, based on the CI method, the seven PhACs seem not to interact in a synergistic or antagonistic way, but the final effect of their mixture seems to be equal to the sum of their individual effects. Notwithstanding the high tourist pressure, the Microtox test reported an overall toxicity of only 21%, which drops to 7% in the receiving water body, the Vermigliana stream. These values, besides the predictions by CA and IA, are not alarming per se, i.e., the treated effluent of the plant in the period of maximum tourist pressure can be considered no harmful to aquatic microorganisms. However, based on other studies highlighting negative effects of the diluted treated effluent of the same plant on macroinvertebrate community structure, we suggest that other model organisms be considered, including algae, insects, and fish, to assess the real ecological risk to wildlife of an effluent. The experimental tests on A. fischeri are useful for fast, preliminary information on the level of risk for freshwater ecosystems, but they should be combined with field studies and experiments on the wild populations to increase the ecological realism.
{"title":"Environmental concerns about the effects of effluents from wastewater treatment plants in tourist areas of the Alps: toxicity in aquatic microorganisms","authors":"V. Di Nica, S. Villa, V. Lencioni","doi":"10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2044","url":null,"abstract":"Are the effluents of wastewater treatment plants in high mountains of concern for aquatic biodiversity? To answer this question, we carried out an experimental study testing the short-term toxicity of some Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs) in the effluents of a plant in a mountain valley of the Italian Alps sampled during the high tourist season (i.e., the ski season) when PhACs contamination is higher. We used different tools, taking as a model the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri: the “whole-mixture approach” (Microtox test), “component-based approach”, predictive models “Concentration Addition (CA)”, “Independent Action (IA)”, and Combination Index (CI)”. We investigated the nature of interactions potentially occurring among seven selected PhACs (clarithromycin, naproxen, acetaminophen (paracetamol), ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and amoxicillin). This study showed that anti-inflammatory ibuprofen and diclofenac have higher short-term toxicity (IC50 <100 mg L-1) for A. fischeri compared with antibiotics, whose toxic effects are expected to become visible in the long term. Furthermore, based on the CI method, the seven PhACs seem not to interact in a synergistic or antagonistic way, but the final effect of their mixture seems to be equal to the sum of their individual effects. Notwithstanding the high tourist pressure, the Microtox test reported an overall toxicity of only 21%, which drops to 7% in the receiving water body, the Vermigliana stream. These values, besides the predictions by CA and IA, are not alarming per se, i.e., the treated effluent of the plant in the period of maximum tourist pressure can be considered no harmful to aquatic microorganisms. However, based on other studies highlighting negative effects of the diluted treated effluent of the same plant on macroinvertebrate community structure, we suggest that other model organisms be considered, including algae, insects, and fish, to assess the real ecological risk to wildlife of an effluent. The experimental tests on A. fischeri are useful for fast, preliminary information on the level of risk for freshwater ecosystems, but they should be combined with field studies and experiments on the wild populations to increase the ecological realism.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2027
M. Bernal, Lunhui Lu, C. A. Sabio y García, María Laura Sánchez, M. Vera, Sol Porcel, R. Sinistro, Zhe Li, I. Izaguirre
In this study we explored how picoplankton community structure and diversity varied along three cascade oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs of the Limay River (Patagonia, Argentina): Alicura, Piedra del Águila and Ramos Mexía. We analyzed the spatial changes, covering lotic and lentic stretches along a gradient of 262 km from Andes to steppe, and we also sampled the main affluent of the Limay River (Collon Cura). In all sampling sites the main limnological variables were measured, and the picoplankton abundance (autotrophic and heterotrophic) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The bacterial biodiversity was assessed using high throughput sequencing Illumina MiSeq. We expected an increase in the trophic state along this series of cascade reservoirs, which would determine spatial differences in the structure of the picoplankton communities. We also hypothesized that the lotic and lentic conditions along the system would influence the bacterial composition. The results showed a slight increase in trophic state together with an increase in overall picoplankton abundance downstream, towards Ramos Mexía Reservoir. Picocyanobacteria were represented by phycoerythrin-rich cells all along the system, in accordance to the pattern described for oligotrophic aquatic ecosystems. Multivariate analyses based on bacterial OTU composition and environmental variables showed a spatial ordination of sites following the trend of increasing trophic state downstream. Molecular analyses of bacterial OTU diversity also showed an increase in richness and a decrease in evenness at the lotic stretches, and the opposite pattern in the reservoirs, suggesting that water retention time may play a role in structuring the community composition.
本文研究了阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚Limay河Alicura、Piedra del Águila和Ramos Mexía三个低中营养级联水库中浮游生物群落结构和多样性的变化。我们分析了空间变化，覆盖了从安第斯山脉到草原的262公里梯度的地理和地理延伸，并对利梅河(Collon Cura)的主要富裕区进行了采样。在所有采样点测量了主要的湖泊变量，并通过流式细胞术分析了浮游生物丰度(自养和异养)。采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术评估细菌多样性。我们预计沿这一系列梯级水库的营养状态会增加，这将决定浮游生物群落结构的空间差异。我们还假设，沿着系统的逻辑和逻辑条件会影响细菌组成。结果表明，在Ramos Mexía水库下游，营养状态略有增加，浮游生物总体丰度也有所增加。Picocyanobacteria在整个系统中以富含藻红蛋白的细胞为代表，与描述的低营养水生生态系统的模式一致。基于细菌OTU组成和环境变量的多变量分析表明，各站点的空间排序遵循下游营养状态增加的趋势。细菌OTU多样性的分子分析也显示出丰富度的增加和均匀度的减少，而在水库中则相反，这表明保水时间可能对群落组成的结构起作用。
{"title":"Spatial variation of picoplankton communities along a cascade reservoir system in Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"M. Bernal, Lunhui Lu, C. A. Sabio y García, María Laura Sánchez, M. Vera, Sol Porcel, R. Sinistro, Zhe Li, I. Izaguirre","doi":"10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2027","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we explored how picoplankton community structure and diversity varied along three cascade oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs of the Limay River (Patagonia, Argentina): Alicura, Piedra del Águila and Ramos Mexía. We analyzed the spatial changes, covering lotic and lentic stretches along a gradient of 262 km from Andes to steppe, and we also sampled the main affluent of the Limay River (Collon Cura). In all sampling sites the main limnological variables were measured, and the picoplankton abundance (autotrophic and heterotrophic) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The bacterial biodiversity was assessed using high throughput sequencing Illumina MiSeq. We expected an increase in the trophic state along this series of cascade reservoirs, which would determine spatial differences in the structure of the picoplankton communities. We also hypothesized that the lotic and lentic conditions along the system would influence the bacterial composition. The results showed a slight increase in trophic state together with an increase in overall picoplankton abundance downstream, towards Ramos Mexía Reservoir. Picocyanobacteria were represented by phycoerythrin-rich cells all along the system, in accordance to the pattern described for oligotrophic aquatic ecosystems. Multivariate analyses based on bacterial OTU composition and environmental variables showed a spatial ordination of sites following the trend of increasing trophic state downstream. Molecular analyses of bacterial OTU diversity also showed an increase in richness and a decrease in evenness at the lotic stretches, and the opposite pattern in the reservoirs, suggesting that water retention time may play a role in structuring the community composition.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45791138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2029
S. Rimoldi, Francesca Romeri, A. Gigantiello, C. Pagani, L. Viganò, Annunziata Calvagna, Alessandro Tamoni, Mafalda Maresca, M. Gismondo, F. Stefani
In the last years, the rapid spread in anthropized ecosystems of pathogens which are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics has raised great concern. In this study, KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in the River Lambro in June 2019, whereas KPC-producing Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter braakii were identified in untreated wastewaters. Susceptibility profiles indicated resistance to imipenem, ertapenem and meropenem. Different carbapenamase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48) were also found in the River Lambro, although not associated to living bacteria. The presence of a wide set of carbapenemase genes and resistant pathogens show that river sediments could act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance potentially threatening human health.
{"title":"Presence of carbepenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the River Lambro basin, Italy: might sediment represent an important resistance reservoir?","authors":"S. Rimoldi, Francesca Romeri, A. Gigantiello, C. Pagani, L. Viganò, Annunziata Calvagna, Alessandro Tamoni, Mafalda Maresca, M. Gismondo, F. Stefani","doi":"10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2029","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, the rapid spread in anthropized ecosystems of pathogens which are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics has raised great concern. In this study, KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in the River Lambro in June 2019, whereas KPC-producing Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter braakii were identified in untreated wastewaters. Susceptibility profiles indicated resistance to imipenem, ertapenem and meropenem. Different carbapenamase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48) were also found in the River Lambro, although not associated to living bacteria. The presence of a wide set of carbapenemase genes and resistant pathogens show that river sediments could act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance potentially threatening human health.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46676985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2033
M. Pinardi, G. Free, Beatrice Lotto, Nicola Ghirardi, M. Bartoli, M. Bresciani
Freshwater ecosystems are challenged by cultural eutrophication across the globe, and it is a priority for water managers to implement water quality monitoring at different spatio-temporal scales to control and mitigate the eutrophication process. Phytoplankton abundance is a key indicator of the trophic and water quality status of lakes. Phytoplankton dynamics are characterized by high spatio-temporal variation, driven by physical, chemical and biological factors, that challenge the capacity of routine monitoring with conventional sampling techniques (i.e., boat based sampling) to characterise these complex relationships. In this study, high frequency in situ measurements and multispectral satellite data were used in a synergistic way to explore temporal (diurnal and seasonal) dynamics and spatial distribution of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, a proxy of phytoplankton abundance, together with physico-chemical water parameters in a shallow fluvial-lake system (Mantua Lakes). A good agreement was found between Chl-a retrieved by remote sensing data and Chl-a fluorescence data recorded by multi-parameters probes (R2 = 0.94). The Chl-a maps allowed a seasonal classification of the Mantua Lakes system as eutrophic or hypertrophic. Along the Mantua lakes system an increasing gradient in Chl-a concentration was recorded following the transition from a fluvial to lacustrine system. There was significant seasonal heterogeneity among the sub-basins, probably due to different hydrodynamics, influenced also by macrophyte stands. High-frequency data revealed the importance of rainfall events in the timing and growth dynamics of phytoplankton, particularly for spring and late summer blooms. Combining temporal and spatial data at high resolution improves the understanding of complex fluvial-lake systems. This technique can allow managers to target blooms in near-real time as they move through a system and guide them to localized hot spots enabling timely management action in ecosystems of high conservation and recreational value.
{"title":"Exploiting high frequency monitoring and satellite imagery for assessing chlorophyll-a dynamics in a shallow eutrophic lake","authors":"M. Pinardi, G. Free, Beatrice Lotto, Nicola Ghirardi, M. Bartoli, M. Bresciani","doi":"10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2033","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater ecosystems are challenged by cultural eutrophication across the globe, and it is a priority for water managers to implement water quality monitoring at different spatio-temporal scales to control and mitigate the eutrophication process. Phytoplankton abundance is a key indicator of the trophic and water quality status of lakes. Phytoplankton dynamics are characterized by high spatio-temporal variation, driven by physical, chemical and biological factors, that challenge the capacity of routine monitoring with conventional sampling techniques (i.e., boat based sampling) to characterise these complex relationships. In this study, high frequency in situ measurements and multispectral satellite data were used in a synergistic way to explore temporal (diurnal and seasonal) dynamics and spatial distribution of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, a proxy of phytoplankton abundance, together with physico-chemical water parameters in a shallow fluvial-lake system (Mantua Lakes). A good agreement was found between Chl-a retrieved by remote sensing data and Chl-a fluorescence data recorded by multi-parameters probes (R2 = 0.94). The Chl-a maps allowed a seasonal classification of the Mantua Lakes system as eutrophic or hypertrophic. Along the Mantua lakes system an increasing gradient in Chl-a concentration was recorded following the transition from a fluvial to lacustrine system. There was significant seasonal heterogeneity among the sub-basins, probably due to different hydrodynamics, influenced also by macrophyte stands. High-frequency data revealed the importance of rainfall events in the timing and growth dynamics of phytoplankton, particularly for spring and late summer blooms. Combining temporal and spatial data at high resolution improves the understanding of complex fluvial-lake systems. This technique can allow managers to target blooms in near-real time as they move through a system and guide them to localized hot spots enabling timely management action in ecosystems of high conservation and recreational value.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2034
E. Bonatti
"There is a story, perhaps apocryphal, of the distinguished British biologist, J.B.S. Haldane, who found himself in the company of a group of theologians. On being asked what one could conclude as to the nature of the Creator from a study of his creation, Haldane is said to have answered “An inordinate fondness for beetles!”.
{"title":"Hutchinson’s tree","authors":"E. Bonatti","doi":"10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2034","url":null,"abstract":"\"There is a story, perhaps apocryphal, of the distinguished British biologist, J.B.S. Haldane, who found himself in the company of a group of theologians. On being asked what one could conclude as to the nature of the Creator from a study of his creation, Haldane is said to have answered “An inordinate fondness for beetles!”.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46954134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2025
F. Bona, V. La Morgia, S. Fenoglio, Luana Morandi, E. Falasco
One of the main challenges in river management is the setting of nutrient thresholds that support good ecological status, which is the main objective to achieve for the European member states. This is a complex process, which needs an accurate analysis of the data collected so far for the ecological classification of rivers belonging to different typologies. We analysed the data of the multiannual monitoring concerning diatoms and nutrients in the upper Po River (NW Italy) with the aim of exploring the response of diatom community in terms of species composition, ecological guilds and indices. We considered data of 390 samples, of which 2/3 belonging to the “Central macrotype” (i.e. lowland stretches) and 1/3 to “Alpine siliceous”. We performed a Principal Coordinate Analysis to detect community patterns with respect to water chemical classification and macrotypes highlighting species and ecological guilds characteristic of samples along a water quality gradient. We then performed a partial RDA to focus on the role of environmental and spatial factors in shaping the diatom community in each of the two macrotypes. Finally, we investigated the concordance between the Italian normative indices ICMi (for diatoms) and LIMECO (a chemical index of water quality). We found significant differences in the diatom communities of the two macrotypes and in their response to water quality and to spatial factors. Communities resulted as much more uniform in sites with a low water quality, with characteristic species such as Navicula gregaria, Nitzschia palea and Sellaphora nigri. On the other hands, moderately disturbed sites (in terms of trophic level) were characterised by the highest guild diversity. The RDA confirmed the importance of spatial factors in shaping the diatom assemblages, especially in Alpine streams where the physical barriers may condition species dispersion. The comparison between the two normative indices highlights that the correspondence in the classification is achieved in the 57% (Alpine macrotype) and 43% (Central macrotype) of samples. According to our findings, we suggest the revision of the ICMi, both class boundaries and reference value. In addition, we recommend to lower LIMECO threshold for total phosphorus: indeed, several studies have shown significant changes in the diatom community composition starting from very low values (below the current LIMECO threshold, i.e. 50 µgL-1). Moreover, the extension of our study to the whole Po River basin will complete our knowledge of species not yet included in the diatom indices and of the community response to nutrient levels also in other macrotypes.
{"title":"Diatom communities and ecological status classification in the upper Po River basin","authors":"F. Bona, V. La Morgia, S. Fenoglio, Luana Morandi, E. Falasco","doi":"10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2025","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main challenges in river management is the setting of nutrient thresholds that support good ecological status, which is the main objective to achieve for the European member states. This is a complex process, which needs an accurate analysis of the data collected so far for the ecological classification of rivers belonging to different typologies. We analysed the data of the multiannual monitoring concerning diatoms and nutrients in the upper Po River (NW Italy) with the aim of exploring the response of diatom community in terms of species composition, ecological guilds and indices. We considered data of 390 samples, of which 2/3 belonging to the “Central macrotype” (i.e. lowland stretches) and 1/3 to “Alpine siliceous”. We performed a Principal Coordinate Analysis to detect community patterns with respect to water chemical classification and macrotypes highlighting species and ecological guilds characteristic of samples along a water quality gradient. We then performed a partial RDA to focus on the role of environmental and spatial factors in shaping the diatom community in each of the two macrotypes. Finally, we investigated the concordance between the Italian normative indices ICMi (for diatoms) and LIMECO (a chemical index of water quality). We found significant differences in the diatom communities of the two macrotypes and in their response to water quality and to spatial factors. Communities resulted as much more uniform in sites with a low water quality, with characteristic species such as Navicula gregaria, Nitzschia palea and Sellaphora nigri. On the other hands, moderately disturbed sites (in terms of trophic level) were characterised by the highest guild diversity. The RDA confirmed the importance of spatial factors in shaping the diatom assemblages, especially in Alpine streams where the physical barriers may condition species dispersion. The comparison between the two normative indices highlights that the correspondence in the classification is achieved in the 57% (Alpine macrotype) and 43% (Central macrotype) of samples. According to our findings, we suggest the revision of the ICMi, both class boundaries and reference value. In addition, we recommend to lower LIMECO threshold for total phosphorus: indeed, several studies have shown significant changes in the diatom community composition starting from very low values (below the current LIMECO threshold, i.e. 50 µgL-1). Moreover, the extension of our study to the whole Po River basin will complete our knowledge of species not yet included in the diatom indices and of the community response to nutrient levels also in other macrotypes.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46336867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2018
R. Bertoni, Filippo Bertoni
This article is simultaneously a call for, a study of, and a contribution to the preservation of scientific heritage. Focusing on the heritage of a disciplinary niche like that of limnology, we take the specific heritage of the Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia ‘Dr. Marco De Marchi’ (Istituto) as a case study to illustrate the present challenges and possibilities for the conservation and study of limnological scientific heritage. In particular, we highlight two different forms that this heritage takes at the Istituto: its ongoing scientific publication – the current Journal of Limnology, and its collection of scientific instruments – the Crypta Baldi. Showing both the limitations and potential of these collections, we offer insights into the history of limnology through the lens of the Istituto. Furthermore, we bring these insights to bear on broader reflections about the importance of preserving the scientific heritage that shaped and continues to shape our world, and holds the promise of helping us not to lose sight of the past as well as the future of a scientific field like limnology.
这篇文章既是对科学遗产保护的呼吁，也是对科学遗产保护的研究和贡献。专注于像湖沼学这样的学科利基的遗产，我们采取意大利生物研究所的具体遗产。以Marco De Marchi’(Istituto)为例，阐述了目前湖泊科学遗产保护和研究的挑战和可能性。我们特别强调该研究所这种遗产的两种不同形式:它正在进行的科学出版物- -目前的《湖沼学杂志》，以及它收集的科学仪器- -《Crypta Baldi》。展示了这些藏品的局限性和潜力，我们通过研究所的镜头提供了对湖沼学历史的见解。此外，我们将这些见解带入更广泛的思考，即保护科学遗产的重要性，这些遗产塑造并继续塑造着我们的世界，并有希望帮助我们不忽视湖泊学等科学领域的过去和未来。
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Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2022
A. Marchetto
More than fifty years ago, G.E. Hutchinson published “Ianula: an account of the history and development of the Lago di Monterosi, Latium, Italy”, a detailed report of one of the first multi-disciplinary palaeolimnological studies. The main result of that study was that the last Glacial climate in peninsular Italy was not only cold but also dry, in contrast with the assumption prevalent at that time of wet "pluvials" in Glacial stages of the northern Mediterranean. These finding were confirmed by more recent studies on other volcanic lakes in Italy. Furthermore, the authors found a major change in ecosystem structure and concluded that it was caused by the building of a road in Roman time. Comparing Monterosi pollen profile with those obtained from cores in other lakes in Central Italy and in the Adriatic Sea, I suggest an alternative hypothesis linking the dramatic environmental change recorded to soil development during forest onset at the beginning of the Holocene. The original report made available a large share of the data set, as a pioneering example of Open Data, allowing a re-examination of the results and the formulation of new hypotheses, underlying the importance of open data in environmental science.
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Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2021
C. Callieri, J. S. Hernández-Avilés, Ester M. Eckert, M. Rogora, G. Tartari, T. Sforzi, Raffaella Sabatino, R. Bertoni
Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) play an important role in the organic carbon cycle of many aquatic systems but the production and distribution of TEP have been studied mainly in the marine environment, neglecting the large oligotrophic lakes. We selected Lake Maggiore, one of the most important freshwater reserve in Northern Italy, to study the horizontal and vertical distribution of TEP and of its possible drivers. Samplings along a transect in the Borromeo basin were performed in May, July and September 2019. Total Organic Carbon (TOC), TEP, chlorophyll-a (Chl) of different algal groups, picocyanobacteria, bacteria and eukaryotes counting, were measured at six stations and five depths. Our study showed that TEP exhibited a clear vertical heterogeneity from surface to the bottom related to the autotrophic microorganisms that are the main source of TEP and are prevalent in the euphotic zone of the lake. On the other hand, TEP was fairly evenly distributed along the horizontal transect from littoral to pelagic zone, although patches were present in spring, when TEP concentrations were low. In contrast to TEP, TOC and to a lesser extent Chl and bacteria showed horizontal heterogeneity, in some months. In Lake Maggiore TEP indeed was an important fraction of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), making up to 54% of TOC (in carbon units: 910 µg C L-1) and it was significantly correlated with Chl. The highest TEP concentration (1.44 mg GX eq L-1) was measured in September 2019, in coincidence with an episode of superficial foam appearance. Considering the biomass as Chl concentrations, the algal group mostly related to TEP was that of brown algae, particularly diatoms; but considering the numbers, the picocyanobacteria and bacteria were more significantly correlated to TEP. The presence of pennate diatoms in May and July, with their TEP-related chlorophyll, did not produce TEP in as high concentration as that observed in September in the presence of centric diatoms and of very high numbers of picocyanobacteria and bacteria.
透明外聚合物颗粒(TEP)在许多水生系统的有机碳循环中起着重要作用，但TEP的产生和分布研究主要集中在海洋环境中，而忽略了大型寡营养湖泊。我们选择了意大利北部最重要的淡水保护区之一马焦雷湖，研究TEP的水平和垂直分布及其可能的驱动因素。2019年5月、7月和9月，沿着Borromeo盆地的样带进行了采样。测定了不同藻类群的总有机碳(TOC)、TEP、叶绿素-a (Chl)，并在6个测点、5个测点深度对拟青杆菌、细菌和真核生物进行了计数。我们的研究表明，TEP从表面到底部呈现出明显的垂直异质性，这与自养微生物是TEP的主要来源，并且在湖泊的光带中普遍存在有关。另一方面，TEP沿水平样带分布较均匀，从滨海到远洋，春季有斑块状分布，此时TEP浓度较低。与TEP相比，TOC在某些月份呈水平异质性，Chl和细菌在较小程度上呈水平异质性。在马焦雷湖，TEP确实是总有机碳(TOC)的重要组成部分，占总有机碳(TOC)的54%(碳单位:910µg C L-1)，并且与Chl显著相关。2019年9月测得最高TEP浓度(1.44 mg GX eq L-1)，与浅表泡沫出现一致。以生物量作为Chl浓度考虑，与TEP关系最密切的藻类类群是褐藻，尤其是硅藻;但从数量上看，碧青杆菌和细菌与TEP的相关性更显著。5月和7月有羽状硅藻，它们的叶绿素与TEP相关，产生TEP的浓度不像9月有中心硅藻和大量的花青菌和细菌时那么高。
{"title":"Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP), phytoplankton and picocyanobacteria a littoral-to-pelagic depth-gradient in a large subalpine lake","authors":"C. Callieri, J. S. Hernández-Avilés, Ester M. Eckert, M. Rogora, G. Tartari, T. Sforzi, Raffaella Sabatino, R. Bertoni","doi":"10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2021","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) play an important role in the organic carbon cycle of many aquatic systems but the production and distribution of TEP have been studied mainly in the marine environment, neglecting the large oligotrophic lakes. We selected Lake Maggiore, one of the most important freshwater reserve in Northern Italy, to study the horizontal and vertical distribution of TEP and of its possible drivers. Samplings along a transect in the Borromeo basin were performed in May, July and September 2019. Total Organic Carbon (TOC), TEP, chlorophyll-a (Chl) of different algal groups, picocyanobacteria, bacteria and eukaryotes counting, were measured at six stations and five depths. Our study showed that TEP exhibited a clear vertical heterogeneity from surface to the bottom related to the autotrophic microorganisms that are the main source of TEP and are prevalent in the euphotic zone of the lake. On the other hand, TEP was fairly evenly distributed along the horizontal transect from littoral to pelagic zone, although patches were present in spring, when TEP concentrations were low. In contrast to TEP, TOC and to a lesser extent Chl and bacteria showed horizontal heterogeneity, in some months. In Lake Maggiore TEP indeed was an important fraction of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), making up to 54% of TOC (in carbon units: 910 µg C L-1) and it was significantly correlated with Chl. The highest TEP concentration (1.44 mg GX eq L-1) was measured in September 2019, in coincidence with an episode of superficial foam appearance. Considering the biomass as Chl concentrations, the algal group mostly related to TEP was that of brown algae, particularly diatoms; but considering the numbers, the picocyanobacteria and bacteria were more significantly correlated to TEP. The presence of pennate diatoms in May and July, with their TEP-related chlorophyll, did not produce TEP in as high concentration as that observed in September in the presence of centric diatoms and of very high numbers of picocyanobacteria and bacteria.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45576876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2019
G. Alfonso, F. Stoch, F. Marrone
Calanoids of the family Diaptomidae are the most widespread copepods in the lentic inland waters of the Palearctic region. In Italy, studies on the family date back to the end of 19th century. Since then, several papers contributed to increasing the knowledge on their presence, distribution, and ecological preferences. Nevertheless, new records for the area and the discovery of putative new species stress that the current knowledge on these inland water crustaceans is still far from being exhaustive. This paper presents an updated and annotated checklist and bibliography of the Diaptomidae of the Italian peninsula and surrounding islands, including Corsica and the Maltese islands, compiled through a critical review of the existing literature and carrying out further field research. The doubtful records reported in the literature are discussed and clarified. The updated checklist includes 30 diaptomid species and subspecies; among them, an alien species and three putative new species pending formal description are reported. About 20% of the observed species are endemic or subendemic to the study area. The faunal provinces ascribed to the Mediterranean limnofaunistic region host the highest species richness and contribute to the checklist with rare species and unique occurrences. The high species richness observed in the Mediterranean area supports the hypothesis of a long-lasting persistence of an ancient and peculiar copepod fauna.
{"title":"An annotated checklist and bibliography of the Diaptomidae (Copepoda, Calanoida) of Italy, Corsica, and the Maltese islands","authors":"G. Alfonso, F. Stoch, F. Marrone","doi":"10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Calanoids of the family Diaptomidae are the most widespread copepods in the lentic inland waters of the Palearctic region. In Italy, studies on the family date back to the end of 19th century. Since then, several papers contributed to increasing the knowledge on their presence, distribution, and ecological preferences. Nevertheless, new records for the area and the discovery of putative new species stress that the current knowledge on these inland water crustaceans is still far from being exhaustive. This paper presents an updated and annotated checklist and bibliography of the Diaptomidae of the Italian peninsula and surrounding islands, including Corsica and the Maltese islands, compiled through a critical review of the existing literature and carrying out further field research. The doubtful records reported in the literature are discussed and clarified. The updated checklist includes 30 diaptomid species and subspecies; among them, an alien species and three putative new species pending formal description are reported. About 20% of the observed species are endemic or subendemic to the study area. The faunal provinces ascribed to the Mediterranean limnofaunistic region host the highest species richness and contribute to the checklist with rare species and unique occurrences. The high species richness observed in the Mediterranean area supports the hypothesis of a long-lasting persistence of an ancient and peculiar copepod fauna.","PeriodicalId":50164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47038159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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