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Fly fishing no-kill zones: a possible way to conjugate conservation issues, sustainable sport enhancement and local development in Alpine areas? 飞钓禁渔区:结合阿尔卑斯地区的保护问题、可持续体育发展和当地发展的可能方式?
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2020
S. Fenoglio, Marco Baltieri, P. Lo Conte, F. Marucco, Carlo Ruffino, A. Doretto
The promotion of sustainable tourism and outdoor sports can represent an important way to couple environmental conservation strategies and economic enhancement in marginal and Alpine areas. In this context catch and release fly fishing zones can represent an interesting tool, although no data is available on the effectiveness of these practices on Alpine salmonid population dynamics. Salmonids are the main group of fish in alpine rivers and they are the only actively targeted by anglers. Aim of this work is filling this gap, with a pilot study on two no-kill zones (Po and Pellice rivers, NW Italy). We conducted a temporal and spatial comparison between free-fishing and catch and release management river sections, with a detailed analysis on the Po River site. Our results support the hypothesis that catch and release management allows a numerical increase in wild trout populations. In particular, we detected a massive and rapid increase in younger individuals, possibly linked to a stop on the removal of large-sized reproducers. Protecting trout by the implementation of this practice can at the same time allow the increase of sustainable economic development and sport in marginal areas.
促进可持续旅游业和户外运动是将边缘地区和阿尔卑斯地区的环境保护战略与经济发展结合起来的重要途径。在这种情况下,捕捉和释放蝇钓区可能是一个有趣的工具,尽管没有关于这些做法对高山鲑种群动态的有效性的数据。三文鱼是高山河流中的主要鱼类,也是垂钓者唯一积极攻击的目标。这项工作的目的是填补这一空白,在两个禁杀区(意大利西北部的Po河和Pellice河)进行试点研究。我们对自由捕鱼和渔获量及释放管理河段进行了时间和空间比较,并对蒲河现场进行了详细分析。我们的研究结果支持了这样一种假设,即捕捞和放流管理允许野生鳟鱼数量的增加。特别是,我们发现年轻个体的数量急剧增加,这可能与停止移除大型繁殖器有关。通过实施这种做法来保护鳟鱼,同时可以促进边缘地区的可持续经济发展和体育运动。
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引用次数: 0
Deep-mixing and deep-cooling events in Lake Garda: Simulation and Mechanisms 加尔达湖的深度混合和深度冷却事件:模拟和机制
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8326
B. Biemond, Marina Amadori, M. Toffolon, S. Piccolroaz, H. van Haren, H. Dijkstra

A calibrated three-dimensional numerical model (Delft3D) and in-situ observations are used to study the relation between deep water temperature and mixing in Lake Garda (Italy). A model-observation comparison indicates that the model is able to adequately capture the production of turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer and its vertical propagation during unstratified conditions. Here, the model is used as a support to identify the main processes causing deep water cooling and deep mixing in the lake. The analysis indicated that two processes cause mixing over the entire depth. The first process is thermocline tilting due to strong and persistent winds. This is found to generate a temporary disappearance of stratification followed by vertical mixing over the entire depth. The second process is turbulent cooling, which arises as a combination of negative-buoyancy produced by surface cooling and turbulence injection from strong winds. Turbulent cooling acts when vertical temperature gradients are absent over the whole depth and cools and mixes the lake over its entire vertical. The third identified process is associated to differential cooling between the shallow southern part and the deep northern trunk. This generates the advection of cold water from the southern, colder and well-mixed basin to the norther trunk along the sloping bottom of the lake. Such differential cooling is found to be a consequence of the turbulent cooling and is not associated with mixing over the entire depth in the northern trunk. Available observations indicate that the three processes identified from the model indeed occur in Lake Garda. Long- term simulations of deep water temperature and related deep mixing appear to be very sensitive to the atmospheric forcing, whose accurate reproduction is essential for the prediction of the future occurrence of deep mixing events.

利用校正后的三维数值模型(Delft3D)和现场观测资料,研究了意大利加尔达湖深水温度与混合的关系。模型与观测值的对比表明,该模型能够充分捕捉到非分层条件下表层湍流动能的产生及其垂直传播。本文以该模型为支撑,确定了引起湖泊深层水冷却和深层混合的主要过程。分析表明,两个过程导致了整个深度的混合。第一个过程是由于强劲和持续的风造成的温跃层倾斜。这被发现会产生一个暂时的分层消失,然后是整个深度的垂直混合。第二个过程是湍流冷却,它是由表面冷却产生的负浮力和强风注入的湍流相结合而产生的。当垂直温度梯度在整个深度上不存在时,湍流冷却就会发生,并在整个垂直方向上冷却和混合湖泊。第三个确定的过程与南部浅层和北部深层主干之间的差异冷却有关。这就产生了冷水的平流,从南部较冷且混合良好的盆地沿倾斜的湖底流向北部干流。这种差异冷却被发现是湍流冷却的结果,与北部主干整个深度的混合无关。现有的观测表明,从模式中确定的三个过程确实发生在加尔达湖。深水温度和相关的深海混合的长期模拟似乎对大气强迫非常敏感,其精确再现对于预测未来深海混合事件的发生至关重要。
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引用次数: 4
Daily, seasonal, and annual variability of temperature in streams inhabited by the endemic San Pedro Martir trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni), in Baja California, Mexico, and the predicted temperature for the years 2025 and 2050 墨西哥下加利福尼亚州特有的圣佩德罗马蒂尔鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni)栖息的溪流温度的每日、季节和年度变化,以及2025年和2050年的预测温度
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2001
Iván A Meza-Matty, G. Ruiz-Campos, L. W. Daesslé, A. Ruiz-Luna, Á. López-Lambraño, Faustino Camarena-Rosales, K. Matthews
The present study measured the daily, seasonal, and annual variability of the water temperature of streams in which the endemic rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni, is distributed on the western slope of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico, between 1996 and 2019. The seasonal thermal interval and daily duration of summer temperatures above the thermal threshold for this trout subspecies (≥28°C) were determined in streams at different elevations (553, 1,220, and 2,080 m asl, or meters above sea level). Temperatures 28°C were recorded at the study site on the stream with the lowest elevation (San Antonio de Murillos Creek) over an accumulated 365 h between June and September 2014, with the maximum temperature recorded there, 30.66 °C, making it the site most vulnerable to global warming. At the San Antonio de Murillos Creek site, the average water temperature predicted by three models (GFDL R30, HadCM3, and Mote) for the year 2025 would be a non-lethal temperature, <28°C, for trout at a minimum elevation of 491-511 masl, while this was predicted to be 545-701 masl for the year 2050. Predicted hourly water temperatures of 28°C (non-lethal) may occur at minimum elevations of 868-898 masl in 2025 and at 908-1028 masl in 2050, reducing a 21-23% and 23-31% its current altitudinal distribution range, respectively, thus avoiding its presence at the type locality (San Antonio de Murillos). Corresponding author: gruiz@uabc.edu.mx
本研究测量了1996年至2019年间,墨西哥下加利福尼亚州圣佩德罗马尔蒂尔山脉西坡分布的地方性虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni)溪流水温的每日、季节和年度变化。在不同海拔(553、1220和2080 m asl,或海拔米)的溪流中,确定了该鳟鱼亚种夏季温度高于温度阈值(≥28°C)的季节性热间隔和日持续时间。在2014年6月至9月的365小时内,海拔最低的溪流(San Antonio de Murillos Creek)的研究地点的温度记录为28°C,最高温度为30.66°C,是最容易受到全球变暖影响的地点。在San Antonio de Murillos Creek现场,三个模型(GFDL R30、HadCM3和Mote)预测的2025年平均水温将是一个非致命温度,<28°C,鳟鱼的最低海拔为491-511 masl,而2050年的平均水温预计为545-701 masl。预测的每小时28°C(非致命)的水温可能出现在2025年868-898 masl的最低海拔和2050年908-1028 masl的最小海拔,分别减少了其当前海拔分布范围的21-23%和23-31%,从而避免了其出现在典型地区(San Antonio de Murillos)。通讯作者:gruiz@uabc.edu.mx
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引用次数: 1
Assessing the potential environmental factors affecting cladoceran assemblage composition in arsenic-contaminated lakes near abandoned silver mines 评估废弃银矿附近砷污染湖泊中影响枝角类群落组成的潜在环境因素
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2004
B. Sivarajah, J. Vermaire, J. Smol
Silver mining in Cobalt (Ontario, Canada) has a long history that has left a complex environmental legacy where many lakes are contaminated with arsenic-rich mine tailings. In this exploratory survey, we examined subfossil Cladocera remains in the surface sediments of 22 lakes in the abandoned mining region to assess which environmental variables may be influencing the recent assemblage structure. Further, using a “top-bottom” paleolimnological approach, we compared the recent (top) and older (bottom) assemblages from a subset of 16 lakes to determine how cladoceran composition has changed in these lakes. Our regional survey suggests that the cladoceran assemblages in the Cobalt area are primarily structured by differences in lake depth, while site-specific limnological characteristics, including those related to past mining activities, may have limited roles in shaping the recent cladoceran compositions. The top-bottom paleolimnological analysis suggests that the cladoceran assemblages have changed in most lakes around Cobalt, however the magnitude and nature of changes varied across the study sites. As with most regional biological surveys, the responses to historical mining activities were not uniform across all sites, which further emphasizes the importance of considering site-specific limnological characteristics and multiple environmental stressors when assessing the impacts of mining pollution. Corresponding author: branaavan.sivarajah@gmail.com Edited by: Diego Fontaneto, CNR-IRSA Water Research Institute, Verbania, Italy.
Cobalt(加拿大安大略省)的银矿开采历史悠久,留下了复杂的环境遗产,许多湖泊被富含砷的尾矿污染。在这次探索性调查中,我们检查了废弃矿区22个湖泊表层沉积物中的分支角类化石遗迹,以评估哪些环境变量可能影响最近的组合结构。此外,使用“顶部-底部”古湖沼学方法,我们比较了16个湖泊子集的最新(顶部)和较老(底部)组合,以确定这些湖泊中枝角类组成的变化。我们的区域调查表明,Cobalt地区的枝角类组合主要是由湖泊深度的差异构成的,而特定地点的湖沼特征,包括与过去采矿活动有关的特征,在形成最近的支角类组成方面可能作用有限。自上而下的古湖沼学分析表明,在钴周围的大多数湖泊中,支角类组合都发生了变化,但不同研究地点的变化幅度和性质各不相同。与大多数区域生物调查一样,并非所有地点对历史采矿活动的反应都是一致的,这进一步强调了在评估采矿污染的影响时考虑特定地点的湖沼特征和多种环境压力源的重要性。通讯作者:branaavan.sivarajah@gmail.com编辑:Diego Fontaneto,CNR-IRSA水研究所,意大利韦尔巴尼亚。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid recovery of normal gill morphology and blood physiology in brown trout (Salmo trutta) after short-term exposure to toxic concentrations of aqueous aluminium under non-steady state chemical conditions 在非稳态化学条件下短期暴露于有毒浓度的铝水溶液后,褐鳟(Salmo trutta)的鳃形态和血液生理迅速恢复正常
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2000
A. B. Poléo, Birgitte M. Kjelsberg, N. A. Rukke, L. A. Vøllestad
Freshwater acidification is characterised by elevated concentrations of aqueous aluminium. Global emissions of acidifying agents are reduced due to international agreements, and freshwater acidification has shifted from chronic to a more episodic character. The recovery of fish populations in acidified areas is likely to depend on the individual’s ability to recover from short-time aluminium exposures. We exposed brown trout (Salmo trutta) to an Al-rich medium, nominal concentration 600 μg L–1, for 0.5, 2, 6, 8 and 11 hours, before transfer to circumneutral Al-poor water for recovery. As controls, fish were either exposed for 11 hours to an acidified Al-poor medium or to untreated water. Some mortality during the first 24 hours of the recovery period occurred in fish exposed for 11, 8 and 6 hours to aluminium. No mortality during recovery was observed in the remaining groups. Aluminium exposure led to increased haematocrit and plasma lactate concentration, decreased plasma chloride concentration, deposition of aluminium on gill surfaces, and morphological alteration of the gill structures. The responses depended on exposure time. Aluminium deposited on the gill disappeared and plasma lactate levels were at control levels after 1 day in the recovery water, while haematocrit and plasma chloride levels were at control levels after 14 days of recovery. Gills in fish exposed to aluminium for 11 hours were almost fully recovered after 14 days. We conclude that the toxic response in brown trout exposed to an acutely toxic aluminium challenge is reversible. Moreover, the first 24 hours after aluminium exposures is the most critical period for the fish recovery. Further, it takes no more than 14 days for brown trout to fully recover from an acute toxic aluminium exposure, and only 1 day if the aluminium challenge is moderate. Corresponding author: antonio.poleo@inn.no
淡水酸化的特点是水铝浓度升高。由于国际协议的签订,酸化剂的全球排放量减少了,淡水酸化也从慢性酸化转变为偶发性酸化。酸化地区鱼类种群的恢复很可能取决于个体从短时间铝暴露中恢复的能力。我们将褐鳟(Salmo trutta)暴露于标称浓度为600 μg L-1的富铝培养基中0.5、2、6、8和11小时,然后转移到环中性的贫铝水中进行恢复。作为对照,鱼要么暴露在酸化的贫铝培养基中11小时,要么暴露在未经处理的水中。在恢复期的头24小时内,接触铝11、8和6小时的鱼类出现了一些死亡。其余各组恢复期间未见死亡。铝暴露导致红细胞压积和血浆乳酸浓度增加,血浆氯化物浓度降低,铝在鳃表面沉积,以及鳃结构的形态改变。反应取决于暴露时间。在回收水中,沉积在鳃上的铝消失,血浆乳酸水平在1天后达到控制水平,而红细胞压积和血浆氯化物水平在回收水中14天后达到控制水平。鱼的鳃暴露在铝中11小时后,14天后几乎完全恢复。我们的结论是,在棕色鳟鱼暴露于急性毒性铝挑战的毒性反应是可逆的。此外,接触铝后的头24小时是鱼类恢复的最关键时期。此外,褐鳟从急性有毒铝暴露中完全恢复不超过14天,如果铝挑战是适度的,则只需1天。通讯作者:antonio.poleo@inn.no
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of an extreme flood on the ecosystem of a headwater stream 极端洪水对水源生态系统的影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.1998
E. Pažourková, J. Křeček, P. Bitušík, P. Chvojka, Lenka Kamasová, Takaaki Senoo, J. Špaček, E. Stuchlík
Headwater streams are the smallest parts of rivers but make up the majority of river miles. The chemistry and macroinvertebrate composition of such streams are among the most important indicators of their environmental health. Macroinvertebrates are affected namely by runoff genesis and, in many regions of the world, also by acid atmospheric deposition and its consequences. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of an extreme summer flash flood on the physical environment, chemistry and macroinvertebrates in a small headwater stream located in the Beech-woods National Nature Reserve of the Jizera Mts. (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic). The studied stream is characterized by a pluvial hydrologic regime with perennial streamflow uniformly distributed within the year, with peak-flows originating mainly from summer rainstorms, and moderate current anthropogenic acidification. During the observed summer flash flood of the return period near 1,000 years, high currents (1-2.5 m s–1) flushed out 2.7 m3 of sand and gravel from the streambed, resulting in a devastating effect on macroinvertebrates. Both number of species/taxa and diversity were reduced by about 50% while the abundance of surviving taxa was reduced to about 10% compared with before the flood. The following spring after the event, both number of species/taxa, diversity and abundance increased, partially due to the temporary unsuccessful colonization of the site by several alien species creating a peak of biological diversity, but complete recovery of the original macroinvertebrate assemblages was not observed even during the subsequent two years. On the other hand, a significant drop in sulphate contents and rising alkalinity observed in stream waters during base flow conditions after the flood indicate positive effects on recovery of the aquatic environment by depleting the catchment sulphur pool. Thus, the flood did not significantly alter the long-term recovery of the studied headwater stream from acidification. Corresponding author: josef.krecek@fsv.cvut.cz
源头溪流是河流中最小的部分,但却占了河流里程的大部分。这些溪流的化学成分和大型无脊椎动物组成是其环境健康的最重要指标之一。大型无脊椎动物主要受到径流的影响,在世界许多地区,还受到酸性大气沉积及其后果的影响。本文旨在评价夏季极端山洪对捷克Jizera山山毛榉国家级自然保护区一个小源头溪流的物理环境、化学和大型无脊椎动物的影响。研究的河流具有多年径流年内均匀分布的多雨水文特征,峰值流量主要来源于夏季暴雨,目前人为酸化程度适中。在观测到的近1000年回归期夏季山洪中,高水流(1-2.5 m s-1)从河床冲走了2.7 m3的沙砾,对大型无脊椎动物造成了毁灭性的影响。与洪水前相比,物种/分类群数量和多样性减少了约50%,幸存分类群的丰度减少了约10%。事件发生后的第二年春天,物种/分类群的数量、多样性和丰度都有所增加,部分原因是一些外来物种暂时不成功地在该地点定居,创造了生物多样性的高峰,但即使在随后的两年里,也没有观察到原始大型无脊椎动物群落的完全恢复。另一方面,在洪水过后的基流条件下,溪流中硫酸盐含量显著下降,碱度上升,这表明通过耗尽集水区硫池,对水生环境的恢复有积极影响。因此,洪水并没有显著改变研究的水源从酸化的长期恢复。通讯作者:josef.krecek@fsv.cvut.cz
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引用次数: 2
Atlas of picocyanobacteria monoclonal strains from the collection of CNR-IRSA, Italy 意大利CNR-IRSA收集的picocyanobacteria单克隆菌株图谱
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2002
C. Callieri, E. Mandolini, R. Bertoni, R. Lauceri, A. Picazo, A. Camacho, P. J. Cabello-Yeves
This atlas aims to provide an overview of the picocyanobacteria cultures hold by the CNR-IRSA collection. These are monoclonal strains mostly of the genera Synechococcus and Cyanobium. These strains were mainly isolated from lakes of different trophic status around the globe and, so far, they are not available in other collections of algae and (pico)cyanobacteria. Here, we summarise the main characteristics of these strains, including some previously published data, and offer most of the strains as material available for research to every scientist upon request. Corresponding author: cristiana.callieri@irsa.cnr.it
本图集旨在提供由CNR-IRSA收集的花青菌培养物的概述。这些是单克隆菌株,主要是聚藻属和蓝藻属。这些菌株主要是从全球不同营养状态的湖泊中分离出来的,到目前为止,它们还没有在其他藻类和(微)蓝藻中找到。在这里,我们总结了这些菌株的主要特征,包括一些以前发表的数据,并根据每位科学家的要求,将大多数菌株作为研究材料提供给每位科学家。通讯作者:cristiana.callieri@irsa.cnr.it
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引用次数: 5
Mercury methylation in oxic aquatic macro-environments: a review 有毒水生宏观环境中汞甲基化的研究进展
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2007
A. Gallorini, J. Loizeau
Mercury methylation in aquatic environments is a key process that incorporates this neurotoxin into the food chain and ultimately the human diet. Mercury methylation is considered to be essentially biotic and mainly driven by sulfate-reducing bacteria present in the bottom sediments in aquatic systems. However, in recent decades, many researchers have shown that this methylation also occurs in oxic layers in conjunction with a high content of particulate organic matter and localized depletion of dissolved oxygen. The goals of this review are to summarize our current understanding of Hg methylation in water columns of both marine and freshwater environments, as well as to highlight knowledge gaps and future research needs. Most of the literature showed that suspended particles (known as marine and lake snow) could be the microenvironment in which Hg methylation could occur across oxic water columns, because they have been recognized as a site of organic matter mineralization and as presenting oxygen gradients around and inside them. To date, the majority of these studies concern marine environments, highlighting the need for more studies in freshwater environments, particularly lacustrine systems. Investigating this new methylmercury production environment is essential for a better understanding of methylmercury incorporation into the trophic chain. In this review, we also propose a model that attempts to highlight the relative importance of a MeHg epilimnetic path over a MeHg benthic-hypolimnetic path, especially in deep lakes. We believe that this model could help to better focus future scientific efforts in limnic environments regarding the MeHg cycle. Corresponding author: andrea.gallorini@unige.ch
水生环境中的汞甲基化是将这种神经毒素纳入食物链并最终进入人类饮食的关键过程。汞甲基化被认为基本上是生物性的,主要由水生系统底部沉积物中存在的硫酸盐还原细菌驱动。然而,近几十年来,许多研究人员已经表明,这种甲基化也发生在氧化层中,同时伴有高含量的颗粒有机物和溶解氧的局部耗竭。这篇综述的目的是总结我们目前对海洋和淡水环境水柱中汞甲基化的理解,并强调知识差距和未来的研究需求。大多数文献表明,悬浮颗粒(称为海洋和湖泊雪)可能是汞甲基化可能在含氧水柱中发生的微环境,因为它们已被公认为有机物矿化的场所,并在其周围和内部呈现氧梯度。到目前为止,这些研究大多涉及海洋环境,强调需要对淡水环境,特别是湖泊系统进行更多研究。调查这种新的甲基汞生产环境对于更好地了解甲基汞进入营养链至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们还提出了一个模型,试图强调甲基汞表浅湖路径相对于甲基汞海底低湖路径的相对重要性,特别是在深湖中。我们相信,该模型有助于更好地将未来的科学工作重点放在与甲基汞循环有关的湖泊环境中。通讯作者:andrea.gallorini@unige.ch
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引用次数: 9
Modelling physical and ecological processes in medium-to-large deep European perialpine lakes: a review 欧洲中大型深高山湖泊的物理和生态过程模拟:综述
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2041
C. Dresti, A. Fenocchi, D. Copetti
In this paper we review a significant sample of the modelling studies carried out on medium-to-large deep European perialpine lakes (MLDEPLs). The reviewed bibliographic corpus was obtained querying Elsevier’s Scopus® database with a tailored search string on 8 January 2021. Results were filtered, accepting only journal papers written in English dealing with natural lakes having surface area > 10 km2. A list of 75 works was obtained, published between 1986 and 2021. Most studies have been carried out on Swiss lakes (44 out of 75 papers), Lake Geneva being the most investigated environment. A significant positive correlation was found between lake surface area and volume and the number of dedicated papers, suggesting that scientific attention is higher for environments characterised by large dimensions and relevant socio-economic interests. Both the number of papers and their citation count have experienced an exponential growth in time, pointing to a rising interest in quantitative modelling applications, but also to the increasing availability and ease of use of numerical modelling tools. Among the 75 selected papers, 55 employ a hydrodynamic driver, used alone or coupled with an ecological module, while the remnant 20 works adopt an ecological-only model. Among the papers employing hydrodynamic models, the use of three-dimensional (3D) drivers is surprisingly slightly more frequent (28 papers) than that of one-dimensional (1D) ones (26 papers), with most 3D applications having been published in the last 2011-2020 decade (24 papers). This reflects the interest on the hydrodynamic processes leading to the observed spatial heterogeneities in the biochemical properties of the MLDEPLs. However, coupling of ecological modules with 3D hydrodynamic drivers, to directly simulate these phenomena, is still restricted (2 papers) compared to that of 1D hydrodynamic drivers (8 papers), due to calibration and computational difficulties, which could be strongly reduced by future research achievements. Nevertheless, 1D models allow performing long-term prognoses considering multiple climate change and watershed management scenarios, due to their much smaller computational burden. The largest group of works dealing with ecological-only models (6 papers) is dedicated to applications of phosphorus budget models, which can above all be used to forecast variations in lake productivity in response to changes in the availability of the limiting nutrient. Graphical abstract
在本文中,我们回顾了在欧洲中大型深高山湖泊(MLDEPLs)上进行的模拟研究的一个重要样本。审查的书目语料库是在2021年1月8日使用定制的搜索字符串查询爱思唯尔的Scopus®数据库获得的。对结果进行筛选,只接受用英文撰写的关于表面积为10平方公里的自然湖泊的期刊论文。获得了一份在1986年至2021年间出版的75部作品的清单。大多数研究都是在瑞士的湖泊上进行的(75篇论文中有44篇),日内瓦湖是被调查最多的环境。湖泊表面积和体积与专门论文数量之间存在显著的正相关关系,表明科学对以大尺度和相关社会经济利益为特征的环境的关注更高。随着时间的推移,论文数量和被引次数都呈指数增长,这表明人们对定量建模应用的兴趣日益浓厚,同时也表明数值建模工具的可用性和易用性日益增加。在入选的75篇论文中,55篇采用了水动力驱动,单独使用或与生态模块结合使用,而剩下的20篇论文采用了仅生态模型。在采用水动力模型的论文中,使用三维(3D)驱动程序的频率(28篇)比使用一维(1D)驱动程序的频率(26篇)要高一些,令人惊讶的是,大多数3D应用程序都是在2011-2020年的过去十年中发表的(24篇)。这反映了对流体动力学过程的兴趣,导致观察到的MLDEPLs生物化学性质的空间异质性。然而,由于校准和计算困难,与一维水动力驱动(8篇)相比,将生态模块与三维水动力驱动耦合直接模拟这些现象仍然受到限制(2篇),未来的研究成果将大大减少这一限制。然而,由于一维模型的计算负担要小得多,因此可以考虑多种气候变化和流域管理情景进行长期预测。最大的一组关于生态模型的工作(6篇论文)致力于磷预算模型的应用,磷预算模型首先可以用来预测湖泊生产力的变化,以响应限制养分的可用性的变化。图形抽象
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引用次数: 3
Behavioural responses of juvenile Daphnia magna to two organophosphorus insecticides 大水蚤幼鱼对两种有机磷杀虫剂的行为反应
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2015
V. Di Nica, C. Rizzi, A. Finizio, Lorenzo Ferraro, S. Villa
In this study, the behaviour of Daphnia magna was studied under equipotent and sub-lethal concentrations of two pesticides congeners: chlorpyrifos (CPF; 5 ng L-1 to 50 ng L-1) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPF-m; 30 ng L-1 to 300 ng L-1) with aims to assess and compare the behavioural swimming responses (BSRs) of the cladocerans elicited by both compounds at different concentrations and exposure times. A video tracking analysis after 24 h and 48 h of exposure allowed us to evaluate different behavioural responses (distance moved, average velocity, active time, and average acceleration). The results indicate that BSRs are sensitive indicators of sub-lethal stress. Highly concentration- and time-response changes for both compounds were observed during the experiments. In particular, in the first 24 h of exposure, both compounds elicited a similar decreasing trend in swimming behaviour, in which CPF induced the highest decline. Further, hypoactivity was associated with the narcotic effects of both compounds. Conversely, after 48 h of exposure, we observed an increasing tendency in the swimming parameters, particularly at the highest tested concentrations. However, the compounds did not exhibit the same trend. Rather, CPF-m induced high variations from the control groups. This reversal trend could be due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms, such as feeding, searching, or avoidance behaviours. These results suggest that BSRs are measurable active responses of organisms, which are controlled by time.
本研究研究了大水蚤在毒死蜱(CPF)和毒死蜱(CPF)等效浓度和亚致死浓度下的行为。5 ng L-1至50 ng L-1)和甲基毒死蜱(CPF-m;30 ng L-1至300 ng L-1),目的是评估和比较两种化合物在不同浓度和暴露时间下引起的枝海动物的行为游泳反应(BSRs)。暴露24小时和48小时后的视频跟踪分析使我们能够评估不同的行为反应(移动距离、平均速度、活动时间和平均加速度)。结果表明,bsr是亚致死应激的敏感指标。在实验中观察到两种化合物的高浓度和时间响应变化。特别是,在暴露的前24小时内,两种化合物引起游泳行为类似的下降趋势,其中CPF引起的下降幅度最大。此外,活性低下与两种化合物的麻醉作用有关。相反,暴露48小时后,我们观察到游泳参数呈增加趋势,特别是在最高测试浓度下。然而,这些化合物并没有表现出相同的趋势。相反,CPF-m诱导了对照组的高差异。这种逆转趋势可能是由于补偿机制的激活,如进食、搜索或回避行为。这些结果表明,BSRs是生物体可测量的主动反应,受时间控制。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Limnology
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