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Clinical applications of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography (FAPI-PET) 成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂正电子发射断层扫描(FAPI-PET)的临床应用
Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00053-z
Yuriko Mori, Emil Novruzov, Dominik Schmitt, Jens Cardinale, Tadashi Watabe, Peter L. Choyke, Abass Alavi, Uwe Haberkorn, Frederik L. Giesel
The discovery of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography (FAPI-PET) has paved the way for a new class of PET tracers that target the tumor microenvironment (TME) rather than the tumor itself. Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most common PET tracer used in clinical imaging of cancer, multiple studies have now shown that the family of FAP ligands commonly outperform FDG in detecting cancers, especially those known to have lower uptake on FDG-PET. Moreover, FAPI-PET will have applications in benign fibrotic or inflammatory conditions. Thus, even while new FAPI-PET tracers are in development and applications are yet to enter clinical guidelines, a significant body of literature has emerged on FAPI-PET, suggesting it will have important clinical roles. This article summarizes the current state of clinical FAPI-PET imaging as well as potential uses as a theranostic agent.
成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂正电子发射断层扫描(FAPI-PET)的发现,为针对肿瘤微环境(TME)而非肿瘤本身的新型 PET 示踪剂铺平了道路。虽然 18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)是癌症临床成像中最常用的 PET 示踪剂,但多项研究表明,FAP 配体家族在检测癌症方面通常优于 FDG,尤其是那些已知在 FDG-PET 上摄取较低的癌症。此外,FAPI-PET 还可应用于良性纤维化或炎症。因此,尽管新的 FAPI-PET 示踪剂正在开发中,其应用也尚未进入临床指南,但关于 FAPI-PET 的大量文献已经出现,这表明它将发挥重要的临床作用。本文总结了 FAPI-PET 临床成像的现状以及作为治疗剂的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 0
High speed innovations in photoacoustic microscopy 光声显微镜的高速创新
Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00052-0
Xiaoyi Zhu, Luca Menozzi, Soon-Woo Cho, Junjie Yao
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a key implementation of photoacoustic imaging (PAI). PAM merges rich optical contrast with deep acoustic detection, allowing for broad biomedical research and diverse clinical applications. Recent advancements in PAM technology have dramatically improved its imaging speed, enabling real-time observation of dynamic biological processes in vivo and motion-sensitive targets in situ, such as brain activities and placental development. This review introduces the engineering principles of high-speed PAM, focusing on various excitation and detection methods, each presenting unique benefits and challenges. Driven by these technological innovations, high-speed PAM has expanded its applications across fundamental, preclinical, and clinical fields. We highlight these notable applications, discuss ongoing technical challenges, and outline future directions for the development of high-speed PAM.
光声显微镜(PAM)是光声成像(PAI)的一种重要实现方式。PAM 将丰富的光学对比度与深度声学检测相结合,可用于广泛的生物医学研究和各种临床应用。光声成像技术的最新进展极大地提高了成像速度,实现了对体内动态生物过程和原位运动敏感目标(如大脑活动和胎盘发育)的实时观测。本综述介绍了高速 PAM 的工程原理,重点介绍了各种激发和检测方法,每种方法都具有独特的优势和挑战。在这些技术创新的推动下,高速 PAM 的应用已扩展到基础、临床前和临床领域。我们将重点介绍这些显著的应用,讨论当前的技术挑战,并概述高速 PAM 的未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Stochastically structured illumination microscopy scan less super resolution imaging 随机结构照明显微镜扫描少超分辨率成像
Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00047-x
Denzel Fusco, Emmanouil Xypakis, Ylenia Gigante, Lorenza Mautone, Silvia Di Angelantonio, Giorgia Ponsi, Giancarlo Ruocco, Marco Leonetti
In super-resolution, a varying illumination image stack is required. This enriched dataset typically necessitates precise mechanical control and micron-scale optical alignment and repeatability. Here, we introduce a novel methodology for super-resolution microscopy called stochastically structured illumination microscopy (S2IM), which bypasses the need for illumination control exploiting instead the random, uncontrolled movement of the target object. We tested our methodology within the clinically relevant ophthalmoscopic setting, harnessing the inherent saccadic motion of the eye to induce stochastic displacement of the illumination pattern on the retina. We opted to avoid human subjects by utilizing a phantom eye model featuring a retina composed of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) retinal neurons and replicating the ocular saccadic movements by custom actuators. Our findings demonstrate that S2IM unlocks scan-less super-resolution with a resolution enhancement of 1.91, with promising prospects also beyond ophthalmoscopy applications such as active matter or atmospheric/astronomical observation.
在超分辨率中,需要不同光照度的图像堆栈。这种丰富的数据集通常需要精确的机械控制以及微米级的光学对准和可重复性。在这里,我们介绍了一种用于超分辨显微镜的新方法,称为随机结构照明显微镜(S2IM),它不需要照明控制,而是利用目标物体的随机、不受控制的运动。我们在与临床相关的眼科环境中测试了我们的方法,利用眼睛固有的回旋运动来诱导视网膜上照明模式的随机位移。我们选择避开人类受试者,利用由人类诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)视网膜神经元组成的视网膜模型,并通过定制致动器复制眼球的囊状运动。我们的研究结果表明,S2IM 可实现无扫描超分辨率,分辨率提高了 1.91 倍,其应用前景远远超出了眼底镜的范围,例如活性物质或大气/天文观测。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of photobleaching on quantitative, spatio-temporal, super-resolution imaging of mitochondria in live C. elegans larvae 光漂白对线粒体定量、时空、超分辨率活体线粒体成像的影响
Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00043-1
Segos Ioannis, Van Eeckhoven Jens, Greig Alan, Redd Michael, Thrasivoulou Christopher, Conradt Barbara
Super-resolution (SR) 3D rendering allows superior quantitative analysis of intracellular structures but has largely been limited to fixed or ex vivo samples. Here we developed a method to perform SR live imaging of mitochondria during post-embryonic development of C. elegans larvae. Our workflow includes the drug-free mechanical immobilisation of animals using polystyrene nanobeads, which has previously not been used for in vivo SR imaging. Based on the alignment of moving objects and global threshold-based image segmentation, our method enables an efficient 3D reconstruction of individual mitochondria. We demonstrate for the first time that the frequency distribution of fluorescence intensities is not affected by photobleaching, and that global thresholding alone enables the quantitative comparison of mitochondria along timeseries. Our composite approach significantly improves the study of biological structures and processes in SR during C. elegans post-embryonic development. Furthermore, the discovery that image segmentation does not require any prior correction against photobleaching, a fundamental problem in fluorescence microscopy, will impact experimental strategies aimed at quantitatively studying the dynamics of organelles and other intracellular compartments in any biological system.
超分辨率(SR)三维渲染技术可对细胞内结构进行出色的定量分析,但该技术在很大程度上仅限于固定或体外样本。在此,我们开发了一种方法,对线粒体在优雅类幼虫胚后发育过程中进行 SR 实时成像。我们的工作流程包括使用聚苯乙烯纳米吸附剂对动物进行无药物机械固定,这种方法以前从未用于体内 SR 成像。基于移动物体的对齐和基于全局阈值的图像分割,我们的方法实现了单个线粒体的高效三维重建。我们首次证明,荧光强度的频率分布不受光漂白的影响,而且仅靠全局阈值就能定量比较线粒体的时间序列。我们的复合方法大大改进了对线粒体在胚后发育过程中的生物结构和过程的研究。此外,图像分割不需要事先对荧光显微镜中的一个基本问题--光漂白进行任何校正,这一发现将对定量研究任何生物系统中细胞器和其他细胞内区室动态的实验策略产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of dietary zinc on stimulated zinc secretion MRI in the healthy and malignant mouse prostate 膳食锌对健康和恶性小鼠前列腺锌分泌磁共振成像的影响
Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00051-1
Veronica Clavijo Jordan, André F. Martins, Erica Dao, Kalotina Geraki, Sara Chirayil, Xiaodong Wen, Pooyan Khalighinejad, Daniel Parrott, Xiaojing Wang, Patricia Gonzalez Pagan, Neil Rofsky, Michael Farquharson, A. Dean Sherry
Previous studies have shown that the zinc-responsive MRI probe, GdL1, can distinguish healthy versus malignant prostate tissues based upon differences in zinc content and secretion. In this study, mice were fed chow containing low, normal, or high zinc content for 3 weeks before imaging glucose stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS) by MRI. The distribution of zinc in prostate tissue in these three groups was imaged by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF). A zinc deficiency caused systemic and organ-level dysregulation, weight loss, and altered zinc bioavailability. Zinc efflux from the prostate increased in parallel to dietary zinc in healthy mice but not in TRAMP mice, consistent with a lowered capacity to store dietary zinc in malignant cells. This differential zinc efflux suggests that a dietary supplement of zinc prior to a GSZS study may enhance image contrast between healthy and malignant prostate tissue, thereby improving the accuracy of prostate cancer detection in man.
先前的研究表明,锌响应核磁共振成像探针 GdL1 可根据锌含量和分泌量的差异区分健康和恶性前列腺组织。在这项研究中,小鼠被喂食含锌量低、正常或高的饲料 3 周,然后通过磁共振成像检测葡萄糖刺激锌分泌(GSZS)。同步辐射 X 射线荧光 (SR-XRF) 对这三组小鼠前列腺组织中锌的分布情况进行了成像。缺锌会导致全身和器官功能失调、体重减轻和锌生物利用度改变。健康小鼠前列腺的锌外流与膳食锌的外流同步增加,而TRAMP小鼠则不然,这与恶性细胞储存膳食锌的能力降低是一致的。这种锌外流的差异表明,在进行 GSZS 研究之前通过饮食补充锌可能会增强健康和恶性前列腺组织之间的图像对比度,从而提高人类前列腺癌检测的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Deep tissue photoacoustic imaging with light and sound 用光和声音进行深层组织光声成像
Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00048-w
Luca Menozzi, Junjie Yao
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) can harvest diffusive photons to image the optical absorption contrast of molecules in a scattering medium, with ultrasonically-defined spatial resolution. PACT has been extensively used in preclinical research for imaging functional and molecular information in various animal models, with recent clinical translations. In this review, we aim to highlight the recent technical breakthroughs in PACT and the emerging preclinical and clinical applications in deep tissue imaging.
光声计算机断层扫描(PACT)可利用扩散光子对散射介质中分子的光学吸收对比度进行成像,并具有超声波定义的空间分辨率。PACT 已广泛应用于临床前研究,对各种动物模型的功能和分子信息进行成像,最近还被应用于临床。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍 PACT 的最新技术突破以及在深部组织成像中的新兴临床前和临床应用。
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Correction: Magnetic resonance reveals early lipid deposition in murine prediabetes as predictive marker for cardiovascular injury 出版商更正:磁共振发现小鼠糖尿病前期的早期脂质沉积是心血管损伤的预测标志物
Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00050-2
Katja Heller, Vera Flocke, Tamara Straub, Zhaoping Ding, Tanu Srivastava, Melissa Nowak, Florian Funk, Bodo Levkau, Joachim Schmitt, Maria Grandoch, Ulrich Flögel
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引用次数: 0
Label-free live cell recognition and tracking for biological discoveries and translational applications 用于生物发现和转化应用的无标签活细胞识别与追踪技术
Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00046-y
Biqi Chen, Zi Yin, Billy Wai-Lung Ng, Dan Michelle Wang, Rocky S. Tuan, Ryoma Bise, Dai Fei Elmer Ker
Label-free, live cell recognition (i.e. instance segmentation) and tracking using computer vision-aided recognition can be a powerful tool that rapidly generates multi-modal readouts of cell populations at single cell resolution. However, this technology remains hindered by the lack of accurate, universal algorithms. This review presents related biological and computer vision concepts to bridge these disciplines, paving the way for broad applications in cell-based diagnostics, drug discovery, and biomanufacturing.
利用计算机视觉辅助识别技术进行无标签活细胞识别(即实例分割)和跟踪是一种强大的工具,可快速生成单细胞分辨率的细胞群多模式读数。然而,由于缺乏准确、通用的算法,这项技术仍然受到阻碍。本综述介绍了相关的生物学和计算机视觉概念,为这些学科架起了桥梁,为细胞诊断、药物发现和生物制造领域的广泛应用铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid 3D imaging at cellular resolution for digital cytopathology with a multi-camera array scanner (MCAS) 利用多摄像头阵列扫描仪(MCAS)进行细胞分辨率的快速三维成像,用于数字细胞病理学研究
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00042-2
Kanghyun Kim, Amey Chaware, Clare B. Cook, Shiqi Xu, Monica Abdelmalak, Colin Cooke, Kevin C. Zhou, Mark Harfouche, Paul Reamey, Veton Saliu, Jed Doman, Clay Dugo, Gregor Horstmeyer, Richard Davis, Ian Taylor-Cho, Wen-Chi Foo, Lucas Kreiss, Xiaoyin Sara Jiang, Roarke Horstmeyer
Optical microscopy has long been the standard method for diagnosis in cytopathology. Whole slide scanners can image and digitize large sample areas automatically, but are slow, expensive and therefore not widely available. Clinical diagnosis of cytology specimens is especially challenging since these samples are both spread over large areas and thick, which requires 3D capture. Here, we introduce a new parallelized microscope for scanning thick specimens across extremely wide fields-of-view (54 × 72 mm2) at 1.2 and 0.6 μm resolutions, accompanied by machine learning software to rapidly assess these 16 gigapixel scans. This Multi-Camera Array Scanner (MCAS) comprises 48 micro-cameras closely arranged to simultaneously image different areas. By capturing 624 megapixels per snapshot, the MCAS is significantly faster than most conventional whole-slide scanners. We used this system to digitize entire cytology samples (scanning three entire slides in 3D in just several minutes) and demonstrate two machine learning techniques to assist pathologists: first, an adenocarcinoma detection model in lung specimens (0.73 recall); second, a slide-level classification model of lung smears (0.969 AUC).
长期以来,光学显微镜一直是细胞病理学诊断的标准方法。整张玻片扫描仪可以自动对大面积样本进行成像和数字化,但速度慢、价格昂贵,因此并不普及。细胞学样本的临床诊断尤其具有挑战性,因为这些样本既分布在大面积区域,又很厚,需要三维捕捉。在此,我们介绍一种新型并行显微镜,它能以 1.2 和 0.6 μm 的分辨率在极宽的视场(54 × 72 mm2)内扫描厚标本,并配有机器学习软件来快速评估这些 1600 万像素的扫描结果。这种多摄像头阵列扫描仪(MCAS)由 48 个微型摄像头组成,它们紧密排列,可同时对不同区域进行成像。MCAS 每张快照可捕捉 624 万像素,速度明显快于大多数传统的整张幻灯片扫描仪。我们使用该系统对整个细胞学样本进行了数字化处理(仅用几分钟就以三维方式扫描了整整三张玻片),并展示了两种辅助病理学家的机器学习技术:第一种是肺部标本中的腺癌检测模型(召回率为 0.73);第二种是肺部涂片的玻片级分类模型(AUC 为 0.969)。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: [18F]FSPG-PET provides an early marker of radiotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell cancer 作者更正:[18F]FSPG-PET是头颈部鳞状细胞癌放疗反应的早期标志物
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00049-9
Khrishanthne Sambasivan, Will E. Tyrrell, Rizwan Farooq, Jenasee Mynerich, Richard S. Edwards, Muhammet Tanc, Teresa Guerrero Urbano, Timothy H. Witney
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引用次数: 0
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npj Imaging
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