A female spider wasp Dipogon variegatus was filmed stealing fragments of pollen-nectar provision from a solitary bee (Osmia cornuta) nest and using them for the construction of her nest. The female wasp applied the sticky fragments of the pollen-nectar provision to the outer surface of her closing nest plug, thus gluing together pieces of debris filling the nesting cavity. Previous descriptions of D. variegatus nests indicate that females of this species usually use spider silk to provide cohesion to the nest plug. Our observations provide an example of behavioural plasticity and innovation in the use of nesting materials. We describe the structure of the nest and the sequence of emergence of the progeny.
{"title":"Use of a novel nesting material by the spider wasp Dipogon variegatus (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae)","authors":"S. Albacete, Gonzalo Sancho, Jordi Bosch","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.123853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.123853","url":null,"abstract":"A female spider wasp Dipogon variegatus was filmed stealing fragments of pollen-nectar provision from a solitary bee (Osmia cornuta) nest and using them for the construction of her nest. The female wasp applied the sticky fragments of the pollen-nectar provision to the outer surface of her closing nest plug, thus gluing together pieces of debris filling the nesting cavity. Previous descriptions of D. variegatus nests indicate that females of this species usually use spider silk to provide cohesion to the nest plug. Our observations provide an example of behavioural plasticity and innovation in the use of nesting materials. We describe the structure of the nest and the sequence of emergence of the progeny.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David N. Honsberger, Maya Honsberger, J. H. Lorenzo-Elarco, Mark G. Wright
The behavior of Acerocephala hanuuanamusp. nov. found parasitizing Cryphalus brasiliensis under the surface of wood in Ficus microcarpa trees on the island of O‘ahu in Hawai‘i is deduced from observations in naturally occuring branches, and from direct observation using specially designed “phloem sandwich” observation chambers which consist of tree bark peeled through the phloem layer from freshly cut branches and sandwiched between a sheet of aluminum and a sheet of plexiglass. Cryphalus brasiliensis beetles, found living in large numbers in the phloem tissues in F. microcarpa trees, were collected and placed into these chambers. They tunneled into the wood and reproduced, producing an active colony of all life stages. Acerocephala hanuuanamu wasps were then placed into the system and their behavior observed. Typical behavior, aspects of which were recorded in video and still images, was as follows. A female A. hanuuanamu enters the tunnels of the bark beetles. She digs through the debris in the tunnels in a search for larvae and pupae. Cryphalus brasiliensis prepupae construct a hard pupal chamber around themselves before they pupate, and upon encountering a larva in the tunnels or the exterior of a pupal chamber with a pupa inside, she adeptly turns around in the tunnel to sting it, either inserting her ovipositor directly into the larva or by laboriously pushing it through the hard shell of the pupal chamber. When finished stinging, she withdraws her ovipositor slowly and carefully, often extracting tissue from the beetle immature as a sheath around her ovipositor. This structure remains projecting from the larva or pupa, and then the wasp turns around and host feeds through this structure, in the case of a pupa at a substantial distance through the wall of the pupal chamber. Oviposition occurs on larval stages and pupal stages. The egg hatches and the larva develops as an ectoparasitoid on the beetle. When finished feeding, it detaches and pupates in the tunnel. Mating behavior is also described. In addition to C. brasiliensis in F. microcarpa, A. hanuuanamu was also observed attacking Cryphalus mangiferae in mango (Mangifera indica) branches. Acerocephala ihulenasp. nov. was also found on O‘ahu parasitizing Eidophelus pacificus in hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) branches, and is described. The genus Acerocephala is revised given the perspective resulting from these two new species and aspects of functional morphology observed in the behavioral studies, Acerocephala indicacomb. nov. is transferred to the genus, and a key to the genus is provided.
在夏威夷奥阿胡岛的小榕树木材表面下发现了寄生于Cryphalus brasiliensis的Acerocephala hanuuanamusp.nov.，通过对自然生长的树枝进行观察，以及使用专门设计的 "韧皮部夹层 "观察室进行直接观察，推断出这种甲虫的行为。我们收集了大量生活在 F. microcarpa 树的韧皮部组织中的巴西甲虫，并将其放入这些观察室中。它们钻入木材中繁殖，形成了一个包含所有生命阶段的活跃群体。然后将 Acerocephala hanuuanamu 黄蜂放入系统中，观察它们的行为。典型的行为如下，这些行为的各个方面都记录在视频和静态图像中。一只雌性 A. hanuuanamu 进入树皮甲虫的隧道。它挖开隧道中的碎石，寻找幼虫和蛹。当它在隧道中或蛹室外部遇到幼虫时，就会熟练地在隧道中转过身来蛰它，或者直接将产卵器插入幼虫体内，或者费力地将产卵器推过蛹室的硬壳。蛰完后，它慢慢地、小心翼翼地收回产卵器，通常会在产卵器周围提取甲虫幼虫的组织作为鞘。这种结构从幼虫或蛹中伸出，然后黄蜂转过身来，寄主通过这种结构取食，如果是蛹，则通过蛹室的壁取食，距离很远。产卵发生在幼虫期和化蛹期。卵孵化后，幼虫发育成甲虫的体外寄生虫。取食结束后，幼虫脱离并在隧道中化蛹。交配行为也有描述。除了 F. microcarpa 上的 C. brasiliensis，还观察到 A. hanuuanamu 攻击芒果（Mangifera indica）枝条上的 Cryphalus mangiferae。新发现的 Acerocephala ihulenasp.根据这两个新物种和行为研究中观察到的功能形态学方面的观点，对 Acerocephala 属进行了修订，将 Acerocephala indicacomb.
{"title":"The genus Acerocephala and observations of the life history of Acerocephala hanuuanamu sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Cerocephalidae) and its bark beetle host on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i","authors":"David N. Honsberger, Maya Honsberger, J. H. Lorenzo-Elarco, Mark G. Wright","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.127702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.127702","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior of Acerocephala hanuuanamusp. nov. found parasitizing Cryphalus brasiliensis under the surface of wood in Ficus microcarpa trees on the island of O‘ahu in Hawai‘i is deduced from observations in naturally occuring branches, and from direct observation using specially designed “phloem sandwich” observation chambers which consist of tree bark peeled through the phloem layer from freshly cut branches and sandwiched between a sheet of aluminum and a sheet of plexiglass. Cryphalus brasiliensis beetles, found living in large numbers in the phloem tissues in F. microcarpa trees, were collected and placed into these chambers. They tunneled into the wood and reproduced, producing an active colony of all life stages. Acerocephala hanuuanamu wasps were then placed into the system and their behavior observed. Typical behavior, aspects of which were recorded in video and still images, was as follows. A female A. hanuuanamu enters the tunnels of the bark beetles. She digs through the debris in the tunnels in a search for larvae and pupae. Cryphalus brasiliensis prepupae construct a hard pupal chamber around themselves before they pupate, and upon encountering a larva in the tunnels or the exterior of a pupal chamber with a pupa inside, she adeptly turns around in the tunnel to sting it, either inserting her ovipositor directly into the larva or by laboriously pushing it through the hard shell of the pupal chamber. When finished stinging, she withdraws her ovipositor slowly and carefully, often extracting tissue from the beetle immature as a sheath around her ovipositor. This structure remains projecting from the larva or pupa, and then the wasp turns around and host feeds through this structure, in the case of a pupa at a substantial distance through the wall of the pupal chamber. Oviposition occurs on larval stages and pupal stages. The egg hatches and the larva develops as an ectoparasitoid on the beetle. When finished feeding, it detaches and pupates in the tunnel. Mating behavior is also described. In addition to C. brasiliensis in F. microcarpa, A. hanuuanamu was also observed attacking Cryphalus mangiferae in mango (Mangifera indica) branches. Acerocephala ihulenasp. nov. was also found on O‘ahu parasitizing Eidophelus pacificus in hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) branches, and is described. The genus Acerocephala is revised given the perspective resulting from these two new species and aspects of functional morphology observed in the behavioral studies, Acerocephala indicacomb. nov. is transferred to the genus, and a key to the genus is provided.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea C. Román, Patricio Picón-Rentería, C. Causton, Lenyn Betancourt-Cargua, Catherine Frey, Henri W. Herrera
Very little is known about the sand wasp, Bicyrtes variegatus, in the Galápagos archipelago. In this study, we compiled information from surveys, museum collections and the literature to better understand its distribution and ecology. We found records of B. variegatus on seven islands with the earliest known record from 1964, from San Cristóbal Island. Wasps have been collected in the littoral, arid, transition and humid vegetation zones and have been reported visiting endemic, native, cryptogenic, and introduced plants. Sun dances and a tight cluster of wasps, similar in form to what others have called “mating balls”, were observed in the hot season.
{"title":"Distribution of the sand wasp Bicyrtes variegatus (Oliver, 1789) (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) in the Galápagos Islands, with notes on its ecology","authors":"Andrea C. Román, Patricio Picón-Rentería, C. Causton, Lenyn Betancourt-Cargua, Catherine Frey, Henri W. Herrera","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.123966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.123966","url":null,"abstract":"Very little is known about the sand wasp, Bicyrtes variegatus, in the Galápagos archipelago. In this study, we compiled information from surveys, museum collections and the literature to better understand its distribution and ecology. We found records of B. variegatus on seven islands with the earliest known record from 1964, from San Cristóbal Island. Wasps have been collected in the littoral, arid, transition and humid vegetation zones and have been reported visiting endemic, native, cryptogenic, and introduced plants. Sun dances and a tight cluster of wasps, similar in form to what others have called “mating balls”, were observed in the hot season.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua W. Campbell, C. K. Pei, Karen W. Wright, Jack Neff
Bees that express both male and female characteristics are known as gynandromorphs. Here we report and describe two specimens that represent the first documented gynandromorphs of Melissodes trinodis Robertson and one specimen of Melissodes communis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) that represents only the second known case. All three specimens were collected in North Dakota, USA and exhibit a mosaic pattern of gynandromorphy.
同时表现出雄性和雌性特征的蜜蜂被称为雌雄同体。在这里，我们报告并描述了两个标本，它们代表了 Melissodes trinodis Robertson 的第一个雌雄同体记录，以及 Melissodes communis Cresson（膜翅目：鳞翅目）的一个标本，它代表了仅有的第二个已知案例。这三件标本均采集于美国北达科他州，表现出雌雄同体的马赛克模式。
{"title":"Gynandromorph records of Melissodes trinodis and Melissodes communis (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from North Dakota, USA","authors":"Joshua W. Campbell, C. K. Pei, Karen W. Wright, Jack Neff","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.123968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.123968","url":null,"abstract":"Bees that express both male and female characteristics are known as gynandromorphs. Here we report and describe two specimens that represent the first documented gynandromorphs of Melissodes trinodis Robertson and one specimen of Melissodes communis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) that represents only the second known case. All three specimens were collected in North Dakota, USA and exhibit a mosaic pattern of gynandromorphy.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ranjith, Donald L J Quicke, A. Reshchikov, B. A. Butcher
The Ctenopelmatinae is one of the least explored groups of Ichneumonidae in South East Asia. We describe and illustrate an enigmatic new genus, Thaictenopelma Ranjith, Reshchikov & Quicke with the type species, T. splendida Ranjith, Reshchikov & Quicke, sp. nov., from a moderately high altitude site in northern Thailand. The new genus shows a unique set of morphological characters that distinguishes it from all other ctenopelmatine genera. The presence of a pair of complete latero-median as well as complete dorso-lateral carinae on the T2 are considered autapomorphic characters of the new genus. Affinities of the new genus within the Ctenopelmatinae are discussed and a note on the taxonomic placement is provided.
{"title":"A new enigmatic genus of the ichneumonid subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Thailand","authors":"A. Ranjith, Donald L J Quicke, A. Reshchikov, B. A. Butcher","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.121436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.121436","url":null,"abstract":"The Ctenopelmatinae is one of the least explored groups of Ichneumonidae in South East Asia. We describe and illustrate an enigmatic new genus, Thaictenopelma Ranjith, Reshchikov & Quicke with the type species, T. splendida Ranjith, Reshchikov & Quicke, sp. nov., from a moderately high altitude site in northern Thailand. The new genus shows a unique set of morphological characters that distinguishes it from all other ctenopelmatine genera. The presence of a pair of complete latero-median as well as complete dorso-lateral carinae on the T2 are considered autapomorphic characters of the new genus. Affinities of the new genus within the Ctenopelmatinae are discussed and a note on the taxonomic placement is provided.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis F Nastasi, J. Tooker, Charles K. Davis, Cecil N. Smith, Timothy S. Frey, M. J. Hatfield, Tara M. Presnall, Heather M Hines, A. Deans
Cryptic species present challenges across many subdisciplines of biology. Not all “cryptic” species, however, are truly cryptic; many are simply underexplored morphologically. We examined this idea for the Antistrophus rufus species complex, which previously contained three species thought to be morphologically cryptic. To determine whether the A. rufus complex are truly cryptic species, we assessed species boundaries of members of the A. rufus species complex using morphological, ecological, and DNA barcode data, and tested whether a set of 50 morphological characters could adequately diagnose these species. We revealed that this complex includes five species, and that there are useful phenotypic diagnostic characters for all members of this species complex. This enabled redescription of four species and the description of Antistrophus laurenae Nastasi, sp. nov., which induces externally inconspicuous galls in stems of Silphium integrifolium Michx., a host not associated with other members of the complex. We use these new diagnostic characters to construct a key to the five species of the rufus complex. We conclude that the A. rufus complex was not a true case of cryptic species. Our Bayesian analysis of DNA barcode data suggests possible cospeciation of members of the rufus complex and their Silphium host plants, but further study is necessary to better understand the evolution of host use in the lineage.
{"title":"Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini)","authors":"Louis F Nastasi, J. Tooker, Charles K. Davis, Cecil N. Smith, Timothy S. Frey, M. J. Hatfield, Tara M. Presnall, Heather M Hines, A. Deans","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.121918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.121918","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptic species present challenges across many subdisciplines of biology. Not all “cryptic” species, however, are truly cryptic; many are simply underexplored morphologically. We examined this idea for the Antistrophus rufus species complex, which previously contained three species thought to be morphologically cryptic. To determine whether the A. rufus complex are truly cryptic species, we assessed species boundaries of members of the A. rufus species complex using morphological, ecological, and DNA barcode data, and tested whether a set of 50 morphological characters could adequately diagnose these species. We revealed that this complex includes five species, and that there are useful phenotypic diagnostic characters for all members of this species complex. This enabled redescription of four species and the description of Antistrophus laurenae Nastasi, sp. nov., which induces externally inconspicuous galls in stems of Silphium integrifolium Michx., a host not associated with other members of the complex. We use these new diagnostic characters to construct a key to the five species of the rufus complex. We conclude that the A. rufus complex was not a true case of cryptic species. Our Bayesian analysis of DNA barcode data suggests possible cospeciation of members of the rufus complex and their Silphium host plants, but further study is necessary to better understand the evolution of host use in the lineage.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seven known extant species of Manica have been identified worldwide: M. bradleyi (Wheeler, 1909), M. hunteri (Wheeler, 1914), M. invidia Bolton, 1995, M. parasitica (Creighton, 1934), M. rubida (Latreille, 1802), M. shanyiisp. nov., and M. yessensis Azuma, 1955. The discovery of the new species is documented from Sichuan Province, China, marking the first recorded instance of the genus Manica in China. Additionally, an identification key for distinguishing the known species within the genus Manica is provided.
{"title":"Review of the ant genus Manica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a new record of the genus in China and description of a new species","authors":"Yuqing He, Zhilin Chen, Congcong Du","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.111418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.111418","url":null,"abstract":"Seven known extant species of Manica have been identified worldwide: M. bradleyi (Wheeler, 1909), M. hunteri (Wheeler, 1914), M. invidia Bolton, 1995, M. parasitica (Creighton, 1934), M. rubida (Latreille, 1802), M. shanyiisp. nov., and M. yessensis Azuma, 1955. The discovery of the new species is documented from Sichuan Province, China, marking the first recorded instance of the genus Manica in China. Additionally, an identification key for distinguishing the known species within the genus Manica is provided.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allaina L. Armstrong, J. Sones, Volker Lohrmann, P. Hebert, Daniel H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs, J. Blaschke
Olixon testaceum is a widely distributed species of brachypterous parasitoid wasp (Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) occurring in Meso- and South America, but little is known of its biology. Here, the first known host of O. ? testaceum is identified as the cricket Anaxipha sp. (Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae) through DNA barcoding of six Olixon larvae and their hosts. Barcoding results also indicated substantial genetic diversity within nominal O. testaceum specimens. The number of species and statistical significance of these groups were tested using Maximum Likelihood phylogenies, distance-based cluster analyses, and coalescence models. All analyses revealed at least six distinct lineages, which suggests six or more cryptic species within O. ? testaceum. Combined with what is currently known about Rhopalosoma host use, these results indicate that rhopalosomatids may be generalist rather than specialist parasitoids, and further confirm the benefits of open global collaboration and DNA barcoding in advancing taxonomic knowledge.
Olixon testaceum是一种广泛分布于中美洲和南美洲的腕足动物寄生蜂（Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae），但人们对其生物学特性知之甚少。在此，通过对六只 Olixon 幼虫及其宿主进行 DNA 条形编码，确定了 O. testaceum 的第一个已知宿主为蟋蟀 Anaxipha sp.（蝼蛄科：Trigonidiidae）。条形码结果还表明，在标称的 O. testaceum 标本中存在大量遗传多样性。利用最大似然系统进化、基于距离的聚类分析和凝聚模型对这些群体的物种数量和统计意义进行了检验。所有分析都显示至少有六个不同的品系，这表明 O. testaceum 中有六个或更多的隐性物种。结合目前已知的 Rhopalosoma 寄主利用情况，这些结果表明 Rhopalosomatids 可能是通性寄生虫，而不是专性寄生虫，并进一步证实了开放式全球合作和 DNA 条形码在促进分类知识方面的益处。
{"title":"Six in one: cryptic species and a new host record for Olixon Cameron (Rhopalosomatidae, Hymenoptera) revealed by DNA barcoding","authors":"Allaina L. Armstrong, J. Sones, Volker Lohrmann, P. Hebert, Daniel H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs, J. Blaschke","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.116726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.116726","url":null,"abstract":"Olixon testaceum is a widely distributed species of brachypterous parasitoid wasp (Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) occurring in Meso- and South America, but little is known of its biology. Here, the first known host of O. ? testaceum is identified as the cricket Anaxipha sp. (Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae) through DNA barcoding of six Olixon larvae and their hosts. Barcoding results also indicated substantial genetic diversity within nominal O. testaceum specimens. The number of species and statistical significance of these groups were tested using Maximum Likelihood phylogenies, distance-based cluster analyses, and coalescence models. All analyses revealed at least six distinct lineages, which suggests six or more cryptic species within O. ? testaceum. Combined with what is currently known about Rhopalosoma host use, these results indicate that rhopalosomatids may be generalist rather than specialist parasitoids, and further confirm the benefits of open global collaboration and DNA barcoding in advancing taxonomic knowledge.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher K. Starr, Robert S. Jacobson, W. L. Overal
The research career of Justin O. Schmidt (1947–2023) is reviewed and assessed. The pioneering nature of his research lay in treating the defensive means and tactics of aculeate hymenoptera and some arachnids as features of their overall anti-predator strategies. He devised methods for comparing the effects of hymenopteran venoms and stings that challenged the assumed correlation between venom potency and the pain that it induces.
对贾斯汀-施密特（Justin O. Schmidt，1947-2023 年）的研究生涯进行了回顾和评估。他的研究具有开创性，将微小膜翅目昆虫和一些蛛形纲昆虫的防御手段和策略视为其整体反捕食策略的特征。他设计了比较膜翅目昆虫毒液和蜇伤效果的方法，对假定的毒液效力和毒液引起的疼痛之间的相关性提出了挑战。
{"title":"Justin Schmidt’s originality","authors":"Christopher K. Starr, Robert S. Jacobson, W. L. Overal","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.121387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.121387","url":null,"abstract":"The research career of Justin O. Schmidt (1947–2023) is reviewed and assessed. The pioneering nature of his research lay in treating the defensive means and tactics of aculeate hymenoptera and some arachnids as features of their overall anti-predator strategies. He devised methods for comparing the effects of hymenopteran venoms and stings that challenged the assumed correlation between venom potency and the pain that it induces.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rare genus Pseudalomya Telenga comprises two species, which are found only in the Eastern Palaearctic region and high mountains of the Oriental region. The phylogenetic position of Pseudalomya remains unclear because of its intermediate morphology between two ichneumonine tribes, Alomyini and Phaeogenini. This article reports the discovery of a new species of Pseudalomya: Pseudalomya truncaticornissp. nov. Specimens were collected during a survey of insect fauna in the Dasyueshan area of Shei-Pa National Park, one of the high-altitude regions in Taiwan. The new species can be diagnosed by its body coloration, frontal horn shape, facial punctures, metasomal tergite sculpture, and wing venation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of Pseudalomya in Taiwan. This article also presents a diagnostic key to the global species of Pseudalomya. In this study, molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene sequences from P. truncaticornissp. nov. and other members of the Ichneumoniformes group. The results indicate that Pseudalomya should be classified within Phaeogenini, distinct from Alomyini, but more comprehensive phylogenomic studies are needed to confirm this placement.
{"title":"Discovery of a new Pseudalomya Telenga, 1930 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) species from Taiwan and its implications for the systematic position of this genus","authors":"Hsuan-Pu Chen, Namiki Kikuchi, S. Shiao","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.119470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.119470","url":null,"abstract":"The rare genus Pseudalomya Telenga comprises two species, which are found only in the Eastern Palaearctic region and high mountains of the Oriental region. The phylogenetic position of Pseudalomya remains unclear because of its intermediate morphology between two ichneumonine tribes, Alomyini and Phaeogenini. This article reports the discovery of a new species of Pseudalomya: Pseudalomya truncaticornissp. nov. Specimens were collected during a survey of insect fauna in the Dasyueshan area of Shei-Pa National Park, one of the high-altitude regions in Taiwan. The new species can be diagnosed by its body coloration, frontal horn shape, facial punctures, metasomal tergite sculpture, and wing venation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of Pseudalomya in Taiwan. This article also presents a diagnostic key to the global species of Pseudalomya. In this study, molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene sequences from P. truncaticornissp. nov. and other members of the Ichneumoniformes group. The results indicate that Pseudalomya should be classified within Phaeogenini, distinct from Alomyini, but more comprehensive phylogenomic studies are needed to confirm this placement.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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