Artificial nesting resources, also known as trap nests, have proven to be an ideal method for monitoring cavity-nesting bees and wasps, their collected food resources, and natural enemies. Nowadays, trap nests are frequently used to assess responses to environmental and biodiversity changes based on multi-trophic interaction networks. Here, we reconstructed quantitative trophic interaction networks of five apoid wasps (Trypoxylon clavicerum, Passaloecus corniger, Passaloecus gracilis, Psenulus fuscipennis, Isodontia mexicana and two vespid wasp species (Ancistrocerus nigricornis, Microdynerus parvulus) using DNA barcoding. Sampling the nests during their construction period allowed us to give an accurate count and identification of the provided food items. We recovered highly resolved bi- and tripartite networks including wasp-beetle larva, wasp-cricket, natural enemy-wasp-moth larva, natural enemy-wasp-spider, and natural enemy-wasp-aphid associations. The latter include aphid species that are known as agricultural and forest pests. Although the quantitative sampling of nests entails increased time costs, it enables not only high-quality DNA barcoding but also to reconstruct quantitative interaction networks. Thus, our approach is a highly promising monitoring tool for gaining deeper knowledge on the ecology, habitat requirements and the impact of environmental and biodiversity change on cavity-nesting bees and wasps.
人工筑巢资源（也称为诱捕巢）已被证明是监测穴巢蜜蜂和黄蜂、其采集的食物资源以及天敌的理想方法。如今，诱捕巢经常被用来评估基于多营养体相互作用网络的环境和生物多样性变化的反应。在这里，我们利用DNA条形码重建了五种poid黄蜂（Trypoxylon clavicerum、Passaloecus corniger、Passaloecus gracilis、Psenulus fuscipennis、Isodontia mexicana）和两种vespid黄蜂（Ancistrocerus nigricornis、Microdynerus parvulus）的定量营养相互作用网络。在筑巢期间对巢穴进行取样，使我们能够对提供的食物进行准确的计数和鉴定。我们发现了高度分明的两方和三方网络，包括黄蜂-甲虫幼虫、黄蜂-蟋蟀、天敌-黄蜂-蛾幼虫、天敌-黄蜂-蜘蛛以及天敌-黄蜂-蚜虫等。后者包括被称为农业和森林害虫的蚜虫种类。虽然对巢穴进行定量取样会增加时间成本，但它不仅能进行高质量的 DNA 条形编码，还能重建定量的相互作用网络。因此，我们的方法是一种非常有前途的监测工具，可用于深入了解生态学、栖息地要求以及环境和生物多样性变化对穴巢蜜蜂和黄蜂的影响。
{"title":"A DNA-barcoding-based approach to quantitatively investigate larval food resources of cavity-nesting wasps from trap nests","authors":"Luisa Timm, Johanna Schaal, Manuela Sann","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.117410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.117410","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial nesting resources, also known as trap nests, have proven to be an ideal method for monitoring cavity-nesting bees and wasps, their collected food resources, and natural enemies. Nowadays, trap nests are frequently used to assess responses to environmental and biodiversity changes based on multi-trophic interaction networks. Here, we reconstructed quantitative trophic interaction networks of five apoid wasps (Trypoxylon clavicerum, Passaloecus corniger, Passaloecus gracilis, Psenulus fuscipennis, Isodontia mexicana and two vespid wasp species (Ancistrocerus nigricornis, Microdynerus parvulus) using DNA barcoding. Sampling the nests during their construction period allowed us to give an accurate count and identification of the provided food items. We recovered highly resolved bi- and tripartite networks including wasp-beetle larva, wasp-cricket, natural enemy-wasp-moth larva, natural enemy-wasp-spider, and natural enemy-wasp-aphid associations. The latter include aphid species that are known as agricultural and forest pests. Although the quantitative sampling of nests entails increased time costs, it enables not only high-quality DNA barcoding but also to reconstruct quantitative interaction networks. Thus, our approach is a highly promising monitoring tool for gaining deeper knowledge on the ecology, habitat requirements and the impact of environmental and biodiversity change on cavity-nesting bees and wasps.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140482049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hana Konvičková, V. John, M. Konvička, M. Rindoš, Jan Hrček
We apply a molecular approach to quantify the level of hymenopteran parasitoids infestation in the larvae of the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia), a declining butterfly species, in western Bohemia, Czech Republic, in two subsequent years. We used the novel primer HymR157 in combination with known universal 28SD1F to establish a PCR detection system which amplifies hymenopteran parasitoids, but not the lepidopteran host. In the 14 sampled E. aurinia colonies, the infestation rates per individuum were 33.3% and 40.2%; whereas per sampled larval colony, these were on average 38.5% (range 0–100) and 40.1% (0–78). The per-colony infestation rates correlated with the numbers of larval webs censused per colony the year prior to sampling the parasitoids, pointing to a time lag in parasitoid infestation rates. The levels of the hymenopteran parasitoid prevalence are thus relatively high, supporting the importance of parasitoids for the population dynamics of the threatened host. The detection primers we developed can detect a range of hymenopteran parasitoids on other butterfly hosts.
{"title":"High hymenopteran parasitoid infestation rates in Czech populations of the Euphydryas aurinia butterfly inferred using a new molecular marker","authors":"Hana Konvičková, V. John, M. Konvička, M. Rindoš, Jan Hrček","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.113231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.113231","url":null,"abstract":"We apply a molecular approach to quantify the level of hymenopteran parasitoids infestation in the larvae of the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia), a declining butterfly species, in western Bohemia, Czech Republic, in two subsequent years. We used the novel primer HymR157 in combination with known universal 28SD1F to establish a PCR detection system which amplifies hymenopteran parasitoids, but not the lepidopteran host. In the 14 sampled E. aurinia colonies, the infestation rates per individuum were 33.3% and 40.2%; whereas per sampled larval colony, these were on average 38.5% (range 0–100) and 40.1% (0–78). The per-colony infestation rates correlated with the numbers of larval webs censused per colony the year prior to sampling the parasitoids, pointing to a time lag in parasitoid infestation rates. The levels of the hymenopteran parasitoid prevalence are thus relatively high, supporting the importance of parasitoids for the population dynamics of the threatened host. The detection primers we developed can detect a range of hymenopteran parasitoids on other butterfly hosts.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey A. Belokobylskij, Dmitry V. Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky
A new subgenus and species of the braconid parasitoid of the tribe Centistini s. l. (Euphorinae), Centistoides (Palaeoides) magnioculus Belokobylskij, subgen. et sp. nov., from late Eocene Danish amber are described and illustrated from one female. This is the first time the tribe of euphorine parasitoids is reliably documented in the fossil record. A key to all genera and subgenera of this suprageneric taxonomic group is compiled. The discussion about position of the genus Parasyrrhizus Brues, composition of the tribe Centistini s. l., and the composition of the Danish amber hymenopteran fauna are provided.
本研究描述了产于晚始新世丹麦琥珀中的一种新的寄生虫亚属和新种--Centistini s. l.（大戟科）Centistoides (Palaeoides) magnioculus Belokobylskij, subgen.这是第一次在化石记录中可靠地记录了极角寄生虫的部落。本文编制了该超属分类群所有属和亚属的检索表。文中讨论了 Parasyrrhizus Brues 属的位置、Centistini s. l. 族的组成以及丹麦琥珀膜翅目动物群的组成。
{"title":"The first reliable fossil record of the tribe Centistini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae): a new subgenus and species of braconid wasp in Danish amber","authors":"Sergey A. Belokobylskij, Dmitry V. Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.115789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.115789","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A new subgenus and species of the braconid parasitoid of the tribe Centistini s. l. (Euphorinae), Centistoides (Palaeoides) magnioculus Belokobylskij, subgen. et sp. nov., from late Eocene Danish amber are described and illustrated from one female. This is the first time the tribe of euphorine parasitoids is reliably documented in the fossil record. A key to all genera and subgenera of this suprageneric taxonomic group is compiled. The discussion about position of the genus Parasyrrhizus Brues, composition of the tribe Centistini s. l., and the composition of the Danish amber hymenopteran fauna are provided.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139481256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thyridanthrax fenestratus (Fallén, 1814) is a bombyliid with poorly understood biology. It was recently shown to locally but frequently parasitize Pemphredon fabricii (M. Müller, 1911) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), a crabronid wasp that abundantly nests in old Lipara-induced galls on the common reed Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., 1840. The parasitism modes in Bombyliidae and Thyridanthrax spp. are not uniform. Here, we report that Th. fenestratus switches facultatively between killing the host almost immediately (idiobiont strategy) and killing the host at a later developmental stage (koinobiont strategy). We document the koinobiont parasitoid strategy for a series of Th. fenestratus larvae parasitizing P. fabricii. We found that a significant portion of Th. fenestratus larvae spend winter as young larvae and start feeding on fully developed and defecated prepupae of P. fabricii only after the end of cold-induced winter diapause. The time needed for the development of Th. fenestratus larvae exceeds several times the time needed for pupation of P. fabricii prepupae; the parasitized prepupae, therefore, remain paralyzed until the parasitic larva completes feeding. Fungicides, which alter the pupation of the host larva, seem to have negligible effects on Th. fenestratus larvae. The ability to switch between the two parasitism strategies has already been reported for several Anthrax spp., though the ability to block the host in the defecated prepupa stage and prevent its pupation following cold-induced diapause is herein reported for the first time.
{"title":"Rearing Thyridanthrax fenestratus (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on Pemphredon fabricii (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) prepupae","authors":"Petr Heneberg, Petr Bogusch, Alena Astapenková","doi":"10.3897/jhr.97.110282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.110282","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Thyridanthrax fenestratus (Fallén, 1814) is a bombyliid with poorly understood biology. It was recently shown to locally but frequently parasitize Pemphredon fabricii (M. Müller, 1911) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), a crabronid wasp that abundantly nests in old Lipara-induced galls on the common reed Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., 1840. The parasitism modes in Bombyliidae and Thyridanthrax spp. are not uniform. Here, we report that Th. fenestratus switches facultatively between killing the host almost immediately (idiobiont strategy) and killing the host at a later developmental stage (koinobiont strategy). We document the koinobiont parasitoid strategy for a series of Th. fenestratus larvae parasitizing P. fabricii. We found that a significant portion of Th. fenestratus larvae spend winter as young larvae and start feeding on fully developed and defecated prepupae of P. fabricii only after the end of cold-induced winter diapause. The time needed for the development of Th. fenestratus larvae exceeds several times the time needed for pupation of P. fabricii prepupae; the parasitized prepupae, therefore, remain paralyzed until the parasitic larva completes feeding. Fungicides, which alter the pupation of the host larva, seem to have negligible effects on Th. fenestratus larvae. The ability to switch between the two parasitism strategies has already been reported for several Anthrax spp., though the ability to block the host in the defecated prepupa stage and prevent its pupation following cold-induced diapause is herein reported for the first time.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dipara trilineata (Diparidae) is a widespread eastern North American parasitoid with apterous females and winged males. Despite its seemingly limited dispersal capabilities, phylogeographic analysis over southern Appalachia reveals little structure, with only limited population level isolation. DNA barcoding surveys also definitively associate the male of the species, which had previously been misattributed, and a description of the correctly associated male is provided.
{"title":"Limited phylogeographic structure in a flightless, Appalachian chalcidoid wasp, Dipara trilineata (Yoshimoto) (Hymenoptera, Diparidae), with reassessment of the male of the species","authors":"Michael S. Caterino, Nathan C. Arey","doi":"10.3897/jhr.96.115001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.115001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Dipara trilineata (Diparidae) is a widespread eastern North American parasitoid with apterous females and winged males. Despite its seemingly limited dispersal capabilities, phylogeographic analysis over southern Appalachia reveals little structure, with only limited population level isolation. DNA barcoding surveys also definitively associate the male of the species, which had previously been misattributed, and a description of the correctly associated male is provided.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) is recorded for the first time in Europe. It was found parasitising eggs of the invasive true bug Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). This parasitoid is part of the Ooencyrtus telenomicida species complex where accurate species identification requires molecular data. Using morphology, the identification of the Ooencyrtus species parasitising brown marmorated stink bug eggs in Greece is ambiguous, but the sequences of the standard DNA barcode region (COI) and ITS2 place them in O. mirus.
Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power（膜翅目，Encyrtidae）首次在欧洲被记录。它被发现寄生于入侵的真蝽 Halyomorpha halys Stål（半翅目，五蠹科）的卵中。这种寄生虫属于 Ooencyrtus telenomicida 物种群，准确的物种鉴定需要分子数据。通过形态学鉴定，寄生在希腊褐狨蝽卵中的 Ooencyrtus 物种并不明确，但标准 DNA 条形码区（COI）和 ITS2 的序列将其归入 O. mirus。
{"title":"Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), discovered in Europe parasitizing eggs of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)","authors":"Lucian Fusu, Stefanos S. Andreadis","doi":"10.3897/jhr.96.109739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.109739","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) is recorded for the first time in Europe. It was found parasitising eggs of the invasive true bug Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). This parasitoid is part of the Ooencyrtus telenomicida species complex where accurate species identification requires molecular data. Using morphology, the identification of the Ooencyrtus species parasitising brown marmorated stink bug eggs in Greece is ambiguous, but the sequences of the standard DNA barcode region (COI) and ITS2 place them in O. mirus.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ropalidia jemmaesp. nov. is described from the protected Ankafobe evergreen forest in central Madagascar. This species is characterized by a variable black and green body colour pattern and a unique nest architecture within the genus Ropalidia. The nests of this species have an inverted cell opening orientation that exposes the cell bottoms outwardly, mimics the tree bark, and provides excellent visual nest concealment.
{"title":"A new species of social wasp from Madagascar with an inverted nest architecture (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)","authors":"Ozren Polašek, Len de Beer","doi":"10.3897/jhr.96.103379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.103379","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Ropalidia jemmaesp. nov. is described from the protected Ankafobe evergreen forest in central Madagascar. This species is characterized by a variable black and green body colour pattern and a unique nest architecture within the genus Ropalidia. The nests of this species have an inverted cell opening orientation that exposes the cell bottoms outwardly, mimics the tree bark, and provides excellent visual nest concealment.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jovana M. Jasso-Martínez, Seán G. Brady, Robert R. Kula
The subfamilies Amicrocentrinae and Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are two small, monogeneric braconid subfamilies whose species exclusively attack lepidopteran larvae. The phylogenetic placement of Amicrocentrinae as a member of the helconoid complex of subfamilies has been supported by morphological and nuclear Sanger sequence data. The subfamilial status of Dirrhopinae on the other hand has been subject to debate, although it has been suggested as closely related to the microgastroid complex based on morphology only. Here we generated for the first time genomic ultraconserved element data for members of the above subfamilies (Amicrocentrum seyrigi van Achterberg and Dirrhope americana Muesebeck) to assess their phylogenetic affinities using exhaustive taxon sampling that includes all but one of the currently valid braconid subfamilies. Our results strongly confirm the placement of both taxa within the non-cyclostome helconoid and microgastroid complexes, respectively.
(膜翅目，小蜂科)是两个小的单属小蜂亚科，其物种专门攻击鳞翅目幼虫。形态学和核Sanger序列数据支持了Amicrocentrinae作为helconoid亚科复合体成员的系统发育定位。另一方面，Dirrhopinae的亚科地位一直存在争议，尽管仅根据形态学就认为它与微胃复合体密切相关。本研究首次对上述亚科(Amicrocentrum seyrigi van Achterberg和Dirrhope americana Muesebeck)的成员进行了基因组超保守元素数据，利用详尽的分类群抽样评估了它们的系统发育亲缘性，其中包括除一个外的所有目前有效的副纲亚科。我们的研究结果有力地证实了这两个类群分别位于非环状螺旋状和微胃状复合体内。
{"title":"Phylogenetic affinities of the non-cyclostome subfamilies Amicrocentrinae and Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) confirmed by ultraconserved element data","authors":"Jovana M. Jasso-Martínez, Seán G. Brady, Robert R. Kula","doi":"10.3897/jhr.96.111012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.111012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The subfamilies Amicrocentrinae and Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are two small, monogeneric braconid subfamilies whose species exclusively attack lepidopteran larvae. The phylogenetic placement of Amicrocentrinae as a member of the helconoid complex of subfamilies has been supported by morphological and nuclear Sanger sequence data. The subfamilial status of Dirrhopinae on the other hand has been subject to debate, although it has been suggested as closely related to the microgastroid complex based on morphology only. Here we generated for the first time genomic ultraconserved element data for members of the above subfamilies (Amicrocentrum seyrigi van Achterberg and Dirrhope americana Muesebeck) to assess their phylogenetic affinities using exhaustive taxon sampling that includes all but one of the currently valid braconid subfamilies. Our results strongly confirm the placement of both taxa within the non-cyclostome helconoid and microgastroid complexes, respectively.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas J. Vereecken, Carlos Ruiz, Leon Marshall, Mónica Pérez-Gil, Jean-Marc Molenberg, Bernhard Jacobi, Francisco La Roche, Jessica R. Litman
Recent field surveys in the eastern Canary Islands (Spain), followed by contributions of new occurrence records through the citizen science platform iNaturalist.com and the social media photo repository Flickr.com have revealed the presence of an overlooked small carder bee species (genus Pseudoanthidium Friese (Megachilidae: Anthidiini)) on the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. Here, we combined morphology, DNA barcodes (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and ecological data (distribution, altitudinal ranges and environmental niche classification) to describe this species as Pseudoanthidium (Pseudoanthidium) jacobiisp. nov. We provide an illustrated description along with diagnostic morphological characters to separate it from P. (P.) canariense (Mavromoustakis, 1954), the only other congeneric species known from the neighbouring islands of La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria and from which it is separated by a genetic distance of 2.7%. We also evaluated the extent of shared environmental niche space among the two Pseudoanthidium species, and our results show a significant difference in elevation range as well as a very small (less than 1%) overlap between the modelled climatic niche of P. jacobii and that of P. canariense. Given the extremely restricted geographic distribution and the fragile and isolated nature of the habitat and host plants of this new island endemic species, we assign it an IUCN conservation status of “EN” (endangered) and discuss avenues for future research on the ecology and conservation of wild bees in the Canary Islands and neighbouring regions.
{"title":"A new small carder bee species from the eastern Canary Islands (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini)","authors":"Nicolas J. Vereecken, Carlos Ruiz, Leon Marshall, Mónica Pérez-Gil, Jean-Marc Molenberg, Bernhard Jacobi, Francisco La Roche, Jessica R. Litman","doi":"10.3897/jhr.96.111550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.111550","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Recent field surveys in the eastern Canary Islands (Spain), followed by contributions of new occurrence records through the citizen science platform iNaturalist.com and the social media photo repository Flickr.com have revealed the presence of an overlooked small carder bee species (genus Pseudoanthidium Friese (Megachilidae: Anthidiini)) on the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. Here, we combined morphology, DNA barcodes (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and ecological data (distribution, altitudinal ranges and environmental niche classification) to describe this species as Pseudoanthidium (Pseudoanthidium) jacobiisp. nov. We provide an illustrated description along with diagnostic morphological characters to separate it from P. (P.) canariense (Mavromoustakis, 1954), the only other congeneric species known from the neighbouring islands of La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria and from which it is separated by a genetic distance of 2.7%. We also evaluated the extent of shared environmental niche space among the two Pseudoanthidium species, and our results show a significant difference in elevation range as well as a very small (less than 1%) overlap between the modelled climatic niche of P. jacobii and that of P. canariense. Given the extremely restricted geographic distribution and the fragile and isolated nature of the habitat and host plants of this new island endemic species, we assign it an IUCN conservation status of “EN” (endangered) and discuss avenues for future research on the ecology and conservation of wild bees in the Canary Islands and neighbouring regions.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuyang Jin, Kyle S. Parks, Daniel H. Janzen, Winnie Hallwachs, Lee A. Dyer, James B. Whitfield
Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are color patterns of insect wings caused by thin film interference. Thin film interference is the same phenomenon responsible for the refracted spectral colors sometimes visible on soap bubbles. Insect WIPs are static patterns due to the variable thickness of wing membranes and the colors produced depend on the thicknesses of wing membranes. While WIPs have been studied in several taxa of small insects, they have not been broadly adopted by insect taxonomists. We surveyed WIPs in one moderate-sized genus of parasitoid wasps, Parapanteles (Braconidae: Microgastrinae). Using an inexpensive microscope camera set-up and free imaging and analysis software, we detected consistent WIP differences between Parapanteles species. In some cases, WIPs can be used to diagnose sibling species that would otherwise require SEM images to differentiate or DNA barcodes. Wing interference patters are an underemployed character that may be similarly useful in many other taxa of small clear-winged insects.
{"title":"The wing interference patterns (WIPs) of Parapanteles (Braconidae, Microgastrinae): demonstrating a powerful and accessible tool for species-level identification of small and clear winged insects","authors":"Shuyang Jin, Kyle S. Parks, Daniel H. Janzen, Winnie Hallwachs, Lee A. Dyer, James B. Whitfield","doi":"10.3897/jhr.96.111382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.111382","url":null,"abstract":"Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are color patterns of insect wings caused by thin film interference. Thin film interference is the same phenomenon responsible for the refracted spectral colors sometimes visible on soap bubbles. Insect WIPs are static patterns due to the variable thickness of wing membranes and the colors produced depend on the thicknesses of wing membranes. While WIPs have been studied in several taxa of small insects, they have not been broadly adopted by insect taxonomists. We surveyed WIPs in one moderate-sized genus of parasitoid wasps, Parapanteles (Braconidae: Microgastrinae). Using an inexpensive microscope camera set-up and free imaging and analysis software, we detected consistent WIP differences between Parapanteles species. In some cases, WIPs can be used to diagnose sibling species that would otherwise require SEM images to differentiate or DNA barcodes. Wing interference patters are an underemployed character that may be similarly useful in many other taxa of small clear-winged insects.","PeriodicalId":50185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hymenoptera Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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