Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2266330
Maria Siiskonen, Rydvikha Govender, Johan Malmqvist, Staffan Folestad
Realisation of pharmaceutical product and production systems capable of delivering product customisation cost-effectively is essential for adding value to patients and society through improved tailoring of therapies to individuals relative to current mass-produced products. To address the continued lack of evidence-based system solutions, this study presents a holistic design framework and a novel computational platform for enabling design explorations of integrated pharmaceutical product and supply chain (SC) reconfiguration. The design and modelling framework developed herein takes an end-to-end SC perspective, adapts the mass customisation strategies of product modularisation and postponement, and demonstrates case study simulations based on real-life therapy and SC archetypes. The cost-effectiveness assessment with the derived integrated systems computational platform confirm that product modularisation drives patient benefit through variety provision and that postponement drives cost reduction in an end-to-end SC. A novel insight is therefore that both product modularisation and postponement, in an integrated manner, are required for maximising cost-effective customisation. Moreover, the computational simulations, founded and modelled on real-life scenarios, provide design requirements for reconfigurable product and SC systems in a pharmaceutical context. In all, these findings are imperative for providing guidance on integrated pharmaceutical product and production systems design and mass customisation/ mass personalisation/mass individualisation realisation.
{"title":"Modelling the cost-benefit impact of integrated product modularisation and postponement in the supply chain for pharmaceutical mass customisation","authors":"Maria Siiskonen, Rydvikha Govender, Johan Malmqvist, Staffan Folestad","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2266330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2266330","url":null,"abstract":"Realisation of pharmaceutical product and production systems capable of delivering product customisation cost-effectively is essential for adding value to patients and society through improved tailoring of therapies to individuals relative to current mass-produced products. To address the continued lack of evidence-based system solutions, this study presents a holistic design framework and a novel computational platform for enabling design explorations of integrated pharmaceutical product and supply chain (SC) reconfiguration. The design and modelling framework developed herein takes an end-to-end SC perspective, adapts the mass customisation strategies of product modularisation and postponement, and demonstrates case study simulations based on real-life therapy and SC archetypes. The cost-effectiveness assessment with the derived integrated systems computational platform confirm that product modularisation drives patient benefit through variety provision and that postponement drives cost reduction in an end-to-end SC. A novel insight is therefore that both product modularisation and postponement, in an integrated manner, are required for maximising cost-effective customisation. Moreover, the computational simulations, founded and modelled on real-life scenarios, provide design requirements for reconfigurable product and SC systems in a pharmaceutical context. In all, these findings are imperative for providing guidance on integrated pharmaceutical product and production systems design and mass customisation/ mass personalisation/mass individualisation realisation.","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"54 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2272555
Zhiqiang Hu, Xinyu Li, Xinyu Pan, Sijie Wen, Jinsong Bao
AbstractIn the field of wind power generation, wind turbines serve as the foundation for harnessing electrical energy. However, the assembly process information for wind turbines is typically dispersed among various modalities such as 3D models, natural text, and images in the form of process documents. The difficulty in effectively utilising historical process knowledge hampers the efficiency of assembly process design and subsequently affects production efficiency. To address this issue, this paper constructs a Multi-modal Process Knowledge Graph for Wind Turbines, named MPKG-WT. Additionally, a wind turbine assembly process question-answering system combining multi-modal knowledge graphs with large language models (LLMs) is proposed to enable efficient utilisation of historical assembly process knowledge. The proposed approach achieves outstanding results when compared with other state-of-the-art KBQA methods and recent LLMs using a wind turbine assembly process dataset. The effectiveness of the approach is further validated through a visualised assembly process question-answering system. The research findings demonstrate a significant improvement in assembly process design efficiency.KEYWORDS: Multi-modal knowledge graphWind turbinesAssembly process knowledgeLarge language modelQuestion answering Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China: [grant no 2019YFB1706300]; Shanghai Rising-Star Plan (Yangfan Program) from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality: [grant no 22YF1400200].
{"title":"A question answering system for assembly process of wind turbines based on multi-modal knowledge graph and large language model","authors":"Zhiqiang Hu, Xinyu Li, Xinyu Pan, Sijie Wen, Jinsong Bao","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2272555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2272555","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn the field of wind power generation, wind turbines serve as the foundation for harnessing electrical energy. However, the assembly process information for wind turbines is typically dispersed among various modalities such as 3D models, natural text, and images in the form of process documents. The difficulty in effectively utilising historical process knowledge hampers the efficiency of assembly process design and subsequently affects production efficiency. To address this issue, this paper constructs a Multi-modal Process Knowledge Graph for Wind Turbines, named MPKG-WT. Additionally, a wind turbine assembly process question-answering system combining multi-modal knowledge graphs with large language models (LLMs) is proposed to enable efficient utilisation of historical assembly process knowledge. The proposed approach achieves outstanding results when compared with other state-of-the-art KBQA methods and recent LLMs using a wind turbine assembly process dataset. The effectiveness of the approach is further validated through a visualised assembly process question-answering system. The research findings demonstrate a significant improvement in assembly process design efficiency.KEYWORDS: Multi-modal knowledge graphWind turbinesAssembly process knowledgeLarge language modelQuestion answering Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China: [grant no 2019YFB1706300]; Shanghai Rising-Star Plan (Yangfan Program) from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality: [grant no 22YF1400200].","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2271775
Yongting Tian, Shouxu Song, Dan Zhou, Ruirui Yang, Chen Wei
AbstractThis article underscores the necessity for sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing practices in product family configuration (PFC) projects, which are paramount to the global economy. Nevertheless, conventional approaches often fixate solely on design aspects, overlooking downstream supply chain configuration (SCC) considerations and the corresponding environmental benefits. Consequently, there is an escalating demand for an integrated optimisation approach that encompasses both PFC and SCC to realise economic and environmental advantages. This study delves into a methodology that integrates blockchain smart contracts as binary 0–1 variables with waste recycling and utilisation, yielding a comprehensive multi-objective model. The proposed methodology seamlessly incorporates considerations for both PFC and SCC. Furthermore, a nested leader-follower optimisation algorithm, based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), has been devised with the objective of achieving triple benefits: augmented profits, maintenance revenue, and diminished environmental emissions. In conclusion, this research contributes to the advancement of sustainable collaborative optimisation through the innovative utilisation of blockchain smart contracts and multi-level modelling. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, it is applied to a 60 KW DC electric vehicle (EV) charging piles, accompanied by a sensitivity analysis to assess its management implications.KEYWORDS: Product family configurationsupply chain configurationleader-follower optimisationnon-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-IIDC charging piles AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Keda Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (Hefei City, Anhui Province, China) for supporting some of the data in this study. Furthermore, the author extends thanks to the collaborating entities, namely, the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and China National Electrical Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd., for their generous support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work has been funded by the National Key R & D Program in China [grant number 2019YFC1908005].
摘要本文强调了在产品族配置(PFC)项目中可持续和环境友好型制造实践的必要性，这对全球经济至关重要。然而，传统的方法往往只关注设计方面，忽视了下游供应链配置(SCC)的考虑和相应的环境效益。因此，对集成优化方法的需求不断增加，该方法包括PFC和SCC，以实现经济和环境优势。本研究深入研究了一种方法，该方法将区块链智能合约作为二进制0-1变量与废物回收和利用相结合，从而产生一个全面的多目标模型。所提出的方法无缝地结合了PFC和SCC的考虑因素。此外，基于非主导排序遗传算法- ii (NSGA-II)，设计了一种嵌套的领导者-追随者优化算法，其目标是实现三重效益:增加利润、维护收入和减少环境排放。总之，本研究通过创新地利用区块链智能合约和多层次建模，有助于推进可持续的协作优化。为了证明所提出方法的有效性，将其应用于60kw直流电动汽车(EV)充电桩，并进行敏感性分析以评估其管理影响。关键词:产品族配置、供应链配置、领导-从众优化、非主导排序遗传算法、iidc充电桩。作者要感谢科达智能科技有限公司(中国安徽省合肥市)对本研究部分数据的支持。同时，对中国环境科学院、生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心、中国电气设备研究院有限公司的大力支持表示衷心的感谢。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。项目资助:国家重点研发计划项目[批准号:2019YFC1908005]。
{"title":"Toward sustainable joint optimisation for product family and supply chain configuration with smart contracting consideration","authors":"Yongting Tian, Shouxu Song, Dan Zhou, Ruirui Yang, Chen Wei","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2271775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2271775","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article underscores the necessity for sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing practices in product family configuration (PFC) projects, which are paramount to the global economy. Nevertheless, conventional approaches often fixate solely on design aspects, overlooking downstream supply chain configuration (SCC) considerations and the corresponding environmental benefits. Consequently, there is an escalating demand for an integrated optimisation approach that encompasses both PFC and SCC to realise economic and environmental advantages. This study delves into a methodology that integrates blockchain smart contracts as binary 0–1 variables with waste recycling and utilisation, yielding a comprehensive multi-objective model. The proposed methodology seamlessly incorporates considerations for both PFC and SCC. Furthermore, a nested leader-follower optimisation algorithm, based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), has been devised with the objective of achieving triple benefits: augmented profits, maintenance revenue, and diminished environmental emissions. In conclusion, this research contributes to the advancement of sustainable collaborative optimisation through the innovative utilisation of blockchain smart contracts and multi-level modelling. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, it is applied to a 60 KW DC electric vehicle (EV) charging piles, accompanied by a sensitivity analysis to assess its management implications.KEYWORDS: Product family configurationsupply chain configurationleader-follower optimisationnon-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-IIDC charging piles AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Keda Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (Hefei City, Anhui Province, China) for supporting some of the data in this study. Furthermore, the author extends thanks to the collaborating entities, namely, the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and China National Electrical Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd., for their generous support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work has been funded by the National Key R & D Program in China [grant number 2019YFC1908005].","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135780251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2268850
Cheng Chen, Beshoy Morkos
AbstractAs the redesign process progresses in product lifecycle management, effectively managing engineering changes becomes increasingly challenging, often leading to catastrophic and costly project failures. In response, the study provides a framework for generalising design requirements documents into topics that engineers can use to understand complex designs. Based on previous work, this study employs and compares four different models, including latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), the collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithm for the Dirichlet multinomial mixtures model (GSDMM), LDA-BERT, and GSDMM-BERT to determine the appropriate representation of requirements documents. Both heatmaps and UMAPs are used to illustrate the correlation between topics and words. The results indicate that the combined vector representation of topic modelling and the sentence-BERT model outperforms single topic modelling. This combined model leverages the additional knowledge from a pre-trained sentence-BERT model, thereby improving model performance and word distribution in all three industrial projects. Through this proposed framework, engineers can potentially generalise high-quality requirements topics for large requirements documents.KEYWORDS: Requirement managementrequirement topicscomplex designBERTdesign process Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 https://radimrehurek.com/gensim/models/ldamodel.html2 https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.spatial.distance.pdist.html
{"title":"Exploring topic modelling for generalising design requirements in complex design","authors":"Cheng Chen, Beshoy Morkos","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2268850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2268850","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAs the redesign process progresses in product lifecycle management, effectively managing engineering changes becomes increasingly challenging, often leading to catastrophic and costly project failures. In response, the study provides a framework for generalising design requirements documents into topics that engineers can use to understand complex designs. Based on previous work, this study employs and compares four different models, including latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), the collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithm for the Dirichlet multinomial mixtures model (GSDMM), LDA-BERT, and GSDMM-BERT to determine the appropriate representation of requirements documents. Both heatmaps and UMAPs are used to illustrate the correlation between topics and words. The results indicate that the combined vector representation of topic modelling and the sentence-BERT model outperforms single topic modelling. This combined model leverages the additional knowledge from a pre-trained sentence-BERT model, thereby improving model performance and word distribution in all three industrial projects. Through this proposed framework, engineers can potentially generalise high-quality requirements topics for large requirements documents.KEYWORDS: Requirement managementrequirement topicscomplex designBERTdesign process Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 https://radimrehurek.com/gensim/models/ldamodel.html2 https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.spatial.distance.pdist.html","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135767037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2266864
Sam Brooks, Rajkumar Roy, Jan-Henning Dirks, David Taylor
AbstractPrevious research has presented the concept of self-engineering (SE) systems that aim to identify and preserve system functions autonomously. Examples of self-engineering responses include self-healing, self-repair, self-adapting and self-reconfiguration. Biology already utilises many of these responses to repair and survive, greater understanding of complexity in these biological systems could improve future bioinspired designs. This paper provides a novel systematic evaluation of the complexity of SE biological systems. Eight biological self-engineering systems identified are evaluated using Axiomatic design and complexity. The key functional requirements and design parameters for each biological system are identified. Design matrices were used to highlight different types of complexity. A further evaluation of eight SE biological systems is performed using the SE complexity theory; nine experts and 23 students used the complexity theory to complete a ranking exercise. The results of the ranking were analysed and compared, with a final normalised mean plotted for each factor and biological system. From the analysis of both studies, proposed design rules are presented to help designers handle complexity while creating new self-engineering systems inspired by biology.KEYWORDS: Self-healingself-repairself-engineeringbioinspireddesign AcknowledgementsThe authors would first like to thank all the student and expert participants who agreed to take part in the exercise detailed in Section 5. Excellent comments and feedback were provided by both groups.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council: [Grant Number EP/P027121/1].
{"title":"A systematic study of biological SE systems from complexity and design perspectives","authors":"Sam Brooks, Rajkumar Roy, Jan-Henning Dirks, David Taylor","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2266864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2266864","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractPrevious research has presented the concept of self-engineering (SE) systems that aim to identify and preserve system functions autonomously. Examples of self-engineering responses include self-healing, self-repair, self-adapting and self-reconfiguration. Biology already utilises many of these responses to repair and survive, greater understanding of complexity in these biological systems could improve future bioinspired designs. This paper provides a novel systematic evaluation of the complexity of SE biological systems. Eight biological self-engineering systems identified are evaluated using Axiomatic design and complexity. The key functional requirements and design parameters for each biological system are identified. Design matrices were used to highlight different types of complexity. A further evaluation of eight SE biological systems is performed using the SE complexity theory; nine experts and 23 students used the complexity theory to complete a ranking exercise. The results of the ranking were analysed and compared, with a final normalised mean plotted for each factor and biological system. From the analysis of both studies, proposed design rules are presented to help designers handle complexity while creating new self-engineering systems inspired by biology.KEYWORDS: Self-healingself-repairself-engineeringbioinspireddesign AcknowledgementsThe authors would first like to thank all the student and expert participants who agreed to take part in the exercise detailed in Section 5. Excellent comments and feedback were provided by both groups.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council: [Grant Number EP/P027121/1].","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2259741
Soufiane El Fassi, Xin Chen, Atif Riaz, Marin D. Guenov, Albert S.J. van Heerden, Sergio Jimeno Altelarrea
Assumptions are commonly introduced to fill gaps in knowledge during the engineering design process. However, the uncertainty inherent in these assumptions constitutes a risk that ought to be mitigated. That is, assumptions can negatively impact the system if they turn out to be invalid. Adverse effects may include system failure, violation of requirements, or budget and schedule overruns. In this paper, the relationships between assumptions and margins are made explicit, with the purpose of aiding risk mitigation, as well as accommodating future opportunities such as product evolvability. To this end, a novel assumption management framework is proposed, which consists of a taxonomy of margins, an algorithm for change absorber localisation, and an interactive approach for margin trade-off. The proposed framework is demonstrated with a conceptual aircraft design use case, which shows that the most relevant margins can be identified, given a revision of a set of assumptions. It is also demonstrated that the application of the method allowed the margins to be adjusted according to the confidence in the assumptions, while maintaining satisfaction of all design constraints, without unacceptable compromise of system performance.
{"title":"Managing assumption-driven design change via margin allocation and trade-offs","authors":"Soufiane El Fassi, Xin Chen, Atif Riaz, Marin D. Guenov, Albert S.J. van Heerden, Sergio Jimeno Altelarrea","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2259741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2259741","url":null,"abstract":"Assumptions are commonly introduced to fill gaps in knowledge during the engineering design process. However, the uncertainty inherent in these assumptions constitutes a risk that ought to be mitigated. That is, assumptions can negatively impact the system if they turn out to be invalid. Adverse effects may include system failure, violation of requirements, or budget and schedule overruns. In this paper, the relationships between assumptions and margins are made explicit, with the purpose of aiding risk mitigation, as well as accommodating future opportunities such as product evolvability. To this end, a novel assumption management framework is proposed, which consists of a taxonomy of margins, an algorithm for change absorber localisation, and an interactive approach for margin trade-off. The proposed framework is demonstrated with a conceptual aircraft design use case, which shows that the most relevant margins can be identified, given a revision of a set of assumptions. It is also demonstrated that the application of the method allowed the margins to be adjusted according to the confidence in the assumptions, while maintaining satisfaction of all design constraints, without unacceptable compromise of system performance.","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136097964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2261094
Amos Wei Lun Lee, Si Ying Chung, Yee Shee Tan, Sabrina Mun Ho Koh, Wen Feng Lu, Jonathan Sze Choong Low
To limit global warming to within 2°C above pre-industrial levels, the incorporation of environmental considerations into the design of products – also known as ecodesign, has been identified as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Decisions in the design stage often have the most impact in affecting attributes of a product such as the product’s environmental sustainability. Although the impacts and benefits are obvious, the development of environmentally sustainable products is often avoided due to a lack of trained designers. Different tools have thus been developed to address this deficiency. In this paper, we review ecodesign tools developed to aid designers in product design. Through a systematic literature review, 141 articles were assessed and grouped into design generation, assessment, and selection. The goal of the review is to identify existing ecodesign tools in the literature, find out how these tools help designers to lower the environmental impact of their designs, and the limitations of existing tools. Finally, we propose an ecodesign system comprising 10 modules.
{"title":"Enhancing the environmental sustainability of product through ecodesign: a systematic review","authors":"Amos Wei Lun Lee, Si Ying Chung, Yee Shee Tan, Sabrina Mun Ho Koh, Wen Feng Lu, Jonathan Sze Choong Low","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2261094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2261094","url":null,"abstract":"To limit global warming to within 2°C above pre-industrial levels, the incorporation of environmental considerations into the design of products – also known as ecodesign, has been identified as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Decisions in the design stage often have the most impact in affecting attributes of a product such as the product’s environmental sustainability. Although the impacts and benefits are obvious, the development of environmentally sustainable products is often avoided due to a lack of trained designers. Different tools have thus been developed to address this deficiency. In this paper, we review ecodesign tools developed to aid designers in product design. Through a systematic literature review, 141 articles were assessed and grouped into design generation, assessment, and selection. The goal of the review is to identify existing ecodesign tools in the literature, find out how these tools help designers to lower the environmental impact of their designs, and the limitations of existing tools. Finally, we propose an ecodesign system comprising 10 modules.","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2268848
Jianxi Luo
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) looms large on the horizon. It is characterised by the fusion of cyber, physical, and human realms, with the heart of it powered by artificial general intelligence (AGI). This revolution brings profound economic, societal, and ethical implications for humanity. Addressing its intricate challenges necessitates a shift toward higher-order and higher-dimensional empathy and creativity for humanity-centred design innovations. Traditional design thinking and methodologies, while once effective, now fall short amidst the complexities of the 4IR. Future designers must adeptly wield creative artificial intelligence for humanity-centred design and execute robust entrepreneurship and leadership to ensure a human-led design process towards the future.
{"title":"Designing the future of the fourth industrial revolution","authors":"Jianxi Luo","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2268848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2268848","url":null,"abstract":"The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) looms large on the horizon. It is characterised by the fusion of cyber, physical, and human realms, with the heart of it powered by artificial general intelligence (AGI). This revolution brings profound economic, societal, and ethical implications for humanity. Addressing its intricate challenges necessitates a shift toward higher-order and higher-dimensional empathy and creativity for humanity-centred design innovations. Traditional design thinking and methodologies, while once effective, now fall short amidst the complexities of the 4IR. Future designers must adeptly wield creative artificial intelligence for humanity-centred design and execute robust entrepreneurship and leadership to ensure a human-led design process towards the future.","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractProduct specifications that precisely describe customers’ preference for product comparison and purchase decision-making are critical to product competitiveness. Competitive specifications’ determination requires a better understanding of the comparison-oriented product competition mechanism. Big sales data that consist of comprehensive and multi-dimensional datasets of products are valuable sources for the investigation of the specification competition mechanism. In this work, the relative satisfaction hypothesis and rational comparison hypothesis are proposed on the basis of product competition analysis. A framework is proposed to support rational design decisions in the context of competitiveness-oriented design optimisation. This framework is based on game analysis of product specifications using big sales data. Initially, competing products in the market are collected and modelled for game analysis. To monitor the competition mechanism of specifications amongst competing products, the relative satisfaction is then defined to evaluate the comparison results of product specifications. By comparing different specifications and their combinations, four design scenarios (i.e. dominant, dominated, equivalent and mixed design) are identified for design evaluation. Similarities amongst specifications are considered for supporting both homogeneous and differentiated competition. Ultimately, a bi-level optimisation model is proposed for enhancing product competitiveness. A case study illustrates the implementation of the proposed method.KEYWORDS: Product designcompetition analysisgame theorydesign optimisationbig sales data AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No: 2018YFB1701701), and Special Grand from Tianjin City Government, China for providing financial support to this research.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant number 2018YFB1701701].
{"title":"Game analysis of product specifications for design optimisation using big sales data","authors":"Jian Zhang, Jieyun Gao, Alessandro Simeone, Peihua Gu","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2263731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2263731","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractProduct specifications that precisely describe customers’ preference for product comparison and purchase decision-making are critical to product competitiveness. Competitive specifications’ determination requires a better understanding of the comparison-oriented product competition mechanism. Big sales data that consist of comprehensive and multi-dimensional datasets of products are valuable sources for the investigation of the specification competition mechanism. In this work, the relative satisfaction hypothesis and rational comparison hypothesis are proposed on the basis of product competition analysis. A framework is proposed to support rational design decisions in the context of competitiveness-oriented design optimisation. This framework is based on game analysis of product specifications using big sales data. Initially, competing products in the market are collected and modelled for game analysis. To monitor the competition mechanism of specifications amongst competing products, the relative satisfaction is then defined to evaluate the comparison results of product specifications. By comparing different specifications and their combinations, four design scenarios (i.e. dominant, dominated, equivalent and mixed design) are identified for design evaluation. Similarities amongst specifications are considered for supporting both homogeneous and differentiated competition. Ultimately, a bi-level optimisation model is proposed for enhancing product competitiveness. A case study illustrates the implementation of the proposed method.KEYWORDS: Product designcompetition analysisgame theorydesign optimisationbig sales data AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No: 2018YFB1701701), and Special Grand from Tianjin City Government, China for providing financial support to this research.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant number 2018YFB1701701].","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136280334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2261336
Herle Kjemtrup Juul-Nyholm, Tobias Eifler
AbstractSpecification of design margins serves the purpose of mitigating the ubiquitous uncertainty of the engineering design process. This paper addresses the twofold challenge of establishing a suitable concept of margins early in the design process, before the design is mature enough for detailed modelling, and evaluating margin inter-dependencies. As margins are often specified in an unstructured manner, there is a risk that one margin might lead to a need for more margins, e.g. tight tolerances, downstream.To avoid adverse margin dependencies, five Multi-Objective Robustness Indicators based on multi-objective design exploration are presented: The Relative Utopia Index, the Relative Pareto Shape Index, the Relative Compromise Index, the Relative Average Sensitivity Index, and the Average Feasible Variable Range. They aggregate optimality, trade-offs and sensitivity of design configurations. The indicators are applied to a case example, a flat head tank design, to illustrate the effect and inter-dependency of margin specification.Three margin types were identified. The first type affects only the Objective Space size, the second type affects only the Pareto set size and the third type affects Pareto set shape. The third margin type is the most critical as it leads to harder compromises between design objectives later in the design process.KEYWORDS: Design marginsRobust designMulti-objective optimisation AcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank Novo Nordisk for financial support to the DTU-NN Robust Design program.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 For a detailed overview of the calculation of mean effective functions fjeff(x). we refer to (Deb and Gupta Citation2006).2 Further work in the area of systematic trade-off mitigation is presented by Sigurdarson et al. (Citation2022a, Citation2022b).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Novo Nordisk.
摘要设计余量的确定是为了减轻工程设计过程中普遍存在的不确定性。本文解决了两方面的挑战:在设计过程的早期，在设计成熟到足以进行详细建模之前，建立一个合适的边际概念，并评估边际相互依赖性。由于保证金通常以非结构化的方式指定，因此存在一个保证金可能导致需要更多保证金的风险，例如下游的严格公差。为了避免不利的边际依赖，提出了基于多目标设计探索的5个多目标鲁棒性指标:相对乌托邦指数、相对帕累托形状指数、相对妥协指数、相对平均敏感性指数和平均可行变量范围。它们集合了设计配置的最优性、权衡和敏感性。这些指标被应用到一个案例，一个平头坦克设计，以说明影响和相互依赖的余量规格。确定了三种边缘类型。第一种类型只影响目标空间大小，第二种类型只影响帕累托集合大小，第三种类型影响帕累托集合形状。第三种边距类型是最关键的，因为它会导致在设计过程后期更难在设计目标之间做出妥协。关键词:设计余量稳健设计多目标优化作者感谢诺和诺德对DTU-NN稳健设计项目的财政支持。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1关于平均有效函数计算的详细概述fjeff(x)。我们参考(Deb and Gupta Citation2006)Sigurdarson等人(Citation2022a, Citation2022b)介绍了系统性权衡缓解领域的进一步工作。本研究得到了诺和诺德的支持。
{"title":"Multi-objective robustness indicators for evaluation and exploration of design margins","authors":"Herle Kjemtrup Juul-Nyholm, Tobias Eifler","doi":"10.1080/09544828.2023.2261336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2023.2261336","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSpecification of design margins serves the purpose of mitigating the ubiquitous uncertainty of the engineering design process. This paper addresses the twofold challenge of establishing a suitable concept of margins early in the design process, before the design is mature enough for detailed modelling, and evaluating margin inter-dependencies. As margins are often specified in an unstructured manner, there is a risk that one margin might lead to a need for more margins, e.g. tight tolerances, downstream.To avoid adverse margin dependencies, five Multi-Objective Robustness Indicators based on multi-objective design exploration are presented: The Relative Utopia Index, the Relative Pareto Shape Index, the Relative Compromise Index, the Relative Average Sensitivity Index, and the Average Feasible Variable Range. They aggregate optimality, trade-offs and sensitivity of design configurations. The indicators are applied to a case example, a flat head tank design, to illustrate the effect and inter-dependency of margin specification.Three margin types were identified. The first type affects only the Objective Space size, the second type affects only the Pareto set size and the third type affects Pareto set shape. The third margin type is the most critical as it leads to harder compromises between design objectives later in the design process.KEYWORDS: Design marginsRobust designMulti-objective optimisation AcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank Novo Nordisk for financial support to the DTU-NN Robust Design program.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 For a detailed overview of the calculation of mean effective functions fjeff(x). we refer to (Deb and Gupta Citation2006).2 Further work in the area of systematic trade-off mitigation is presented by Sigurdarson et al. (Citation2022a, Citation2022b).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Novo Nordisk.","PeriodicalId":50207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Design","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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