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Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics最新文献

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Adolescents' and Parents' Perspectives on a Novel Decision-Making Process for Return of Results in Genomic Research. 青少年和父母对基因组研究结果返回的新决策过程的看法。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231190826
Kelly A Matula, Amy A Blumling, Melanie F Myers, Michelle L McGowan, Ellen A Lipstein

To understand whether they found a two-step decision process helpful and why, adolescent-parent dyads participating in a study investigating return of genomic testing results were asked about their decision-making experience. Responses were qualitatively coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Adolescents and parents found both joint and independent decision-making stages helpful. Regarding independent decision-making, adolescents appreciated exercising independence, while parents valued both adolescent and parental independence. Joint decision-making allowed each to hear the other's viewpoints. Some found joint decision-making irrelevant but recognized it might help others. Overall, adolescents and parents had similar reasons for finding the two-step decision-making process helpful. Our findings support using such a process for engaging parents and adolescents in challenging research and clinical decisions.

为了了解他们是否发现两步决策过程有帮助以及为什么,参与一项调查基因组检测结果返回的研究的青少年父母二人组被问及他们的决策经验。对答复进行了定性编码,并使用主题分析进行了分析。青少年和父母发现共同和独立决策阶段都很有帮助。关于独立决策,青少年赞赏行使独立性,而父母则重视青少年和父母的独立性。共同决策使双方都能听取对方的观点。一些人认为联合决策无关紧要,但也认识到这可能有助于其他人。总的来说,青少年和父母有相似的理由认为两步决策过程是有益的。我们的研究结果支持使用这样一个过程让父母和青少年参与具有挑战性的研究和临床决策。
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引用次数: 0
Ethical Considerations for Engaging Youth Living with HIV in Research: Perspectives from Youth, Their Caregivers and Subject Matter Experts in Kenya. 参与青年艾滋病毒感染者研究的伦理考虑:肯尼亚青年、他们的照顾者和主题专家的观点。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231193949
Ashley Chory, Winstone Nyandiko, Emma Gillette, Michael Scanlon, Josephine Aluoch, Hillary Koros, Dennis Munyoro, Celestine Ashimosi, Whitney Beigon, Janet Lidweye, Jack Nyagaya, Allison DeLong, Rami Kantor, Rachel Vreeman, Violet Naanyu

Introduction: Engaging youth living with HIV (YLWH) in research is critical to improving HIV-related outcomes, but their involvement raises unaddressed bioethical questions. Methods: This study used qualitative inquiry with Kenyan YLWH, caregivers, and subject matter experts (SMEs) to evaluate ethical considerations and strategies for research involving YLWH. Results: Interviews were conducted with 99 participants: 40 YLWH (median age 17.5, 50% female), 20 caregivers (70% female), and 39 SMEs (44% female). All participant groups discussed the need for HIV disclosure status assessment, confidentiality, and engagement of caregivers. Youth participants discussed the importance of clear protocol explanations and developing good rapport. All participant groups perceived youth under 18 to be harder to recruit due to a number of identified barriers. Clinic settings were the most acceptable place for recruitment. Conclusion: Participants provided perspectives on engaging YLWH in research that can be incorporated into protocols and regulatory guidelines.

引言:让感染艾滋病毒的青年参与研究对于改善与艾滋病毒相关的结果至关重要,但他们的参与提出了尚未解决的生物伦理问题。方法:本研究对肯尼亚YLWH、护理人员和主题专家(SME)进行了定性调查,以评估涉及YLWH的研究的伦理考虑和策略。结果:对99名参与者进行了访谈:40名YLWH(中位年龄17.5岁,50%为女性)、20名护理人员(70%为女性)和39名中小企业(44%为女性)。所有参与者小组都讨论了艾滋病毒披露状况评估、保密和护理人员参与的必要性。青年与会者讨论了明确的协议解释和建立良好关系的重要性。所有参与者群体都认为,由于一些已确定的障碍,18岁以下的年轻人更难招募。诊所环境是招聘最容易接受的地方。结论:参与者提供了让YLWH参与可纳入方案和监管指南的研究的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Research Participants' Preferences for Individual Results of Pharmacogenomics Research: A Case of a Ugandan HIV Research Institute. 研究参与者对药物基因组学研究个体结果的偏好:以乌干达HIV研究所为例。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231187434
Sylvia Nabukenya, Catriona Waitt, Ronald Senyonga, Barbara Castelnuovo, Ian Guyton Munabi, David Kyaddondo, Erisa S Mwaka

Little is known about whether people living with HIV would like to receive their results from pharmacogenomics research. This study explored the factors influencing participants' preferences and the reasons for their desire to receive individual results from pharmacogenomics research. We employed a convergent parallel mixed methods study design comprising a survey of 225 research participants and 5 deliberative focus group discussions with 30 purposively selected research participants. Almost all (98%) participants wanted to receive individual pharmacogenomics research results. Reasons for the desire to receive results were reciprocity for valuable time and effort, preparing for future eventualities, and the right to information about their health. Overall, participants desire to receive feedback from pharmacogenomics research, particularly if results are well established and clinically actionable.

人们对艾滋病毒感染者是否愿意接受药物基因组学研究的结果知之甚少。本研究探讨了影响参与者偏好的因素,以及他们希望从药物基因组学研究中获得个体结果的原因。我们采用了一种趋同的平行混合方法研究设计,包括对225名研究参与者的调查和对30名有目的选择的研究参与者的5次审议焦点小组讨论。几乎所有(98%)的参与者都希望获得个体药物基因组学研究结果。渴望获得结果的原因是对宝贵时间和精力的互惠,为未来可能发生的事情做准备,以及获得健康信息的权利。总的来说,参与者希望从药物基因组学研究中获得反馈,特别是如果结果已经确定并在临床上可行的话。
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引用次数: 1
Book Review: Seeking a Research-Ethics Covenant in the Social Sciences by Will C. van den Hoonaard 书评:在社会科学中寻求研究伦理契约威尔·c·范登·胡纳德著
4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231200910
Heidi Matisonn
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引用次数: 0
A Questionnaire Survey on Chinese Translation and Interpreting Scholars' Publication Pressure and Its Impact on Research Quality and Publishing Ethics. 中国笔译学者发表压力及其对研究质量和出版伦理影响的问卷调查
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231164112
Ying Cui, Xiao Liu

The issue of publishing ethics has been drawing attention from scholars of various fields, and this study focuses on the situation in translation and interpreting (T&I) studies. It surveys Chinese T&I researchers' publication pressure and its impact on their research quality and publishing ethics via an online questionnaire and follow-up telephone interviews. Altogether, 124 respondents filled out the questionnaire, and 14 of them took part in the interviews. Data analyses reveal that the pressure caused by the limited number of T&I journals is the highest, there is significant correlation between this type of pressure and publishing ethics, and there is also significant association between publication pressure and research quality. The follow-up interviews confirmed the findings, and the discussions with interviewees suggest that using alternative evaluation methods such as the representative work method might be a way out of the current publishing dilemma.

出版伦理问题一直受到各领域学者的关注,本研究主要关注翻译研究的现状。本研究通过在线问卷调查和后续电话访谈,调查了中国科技工作者的出版压力及其对科研质量和出版伦理的影响。共有124名受访者填写了问卷,其中14人参加了访谈。数据分析显示,T&I期刊数量有限造成的压力最大,这种压力与出版伦理存在显著相关,出版压力与研究质量也存在显著相关。后续访谈证实了这一发现,与受访者的讨论表明,使用替代的评估方法,如代表性工作方法,可能是摆脱当前出版困境的一条出路。
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引用次数: 0
Reporting Ethics Approval in Articles on Criminality. An Audit of Adherence to Swedish Legislation. 在犯罪文章中报告道德认可。对瑞典法律遵守情况的审计。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231168980
Kjell Asplund, Kerstin Hulter Åsberg

According to the Swedish Ethics Review Act, research involving personal data on crimes should undergo independent ethics review. To explore the reporting of ethics approval, we extracted information from articles with Swedish personal data on crimes published in 2013-2021. Of the identified 298 articles, 92 (31%) failed to report ethics approval. Failures were particularly common in articles with a qualitative design, single or few authors and when there was a social science focus. Failures varied markedly between universities. We conclude that failures to report compulsory ethics approval are common in articles involving personal data on crime and that these failures vary markedly with the research setting. Several indicators of poor adherence to the Ethics Review Act have been identified.

根据《瑞典伦理审查法》,涉及犯罪的个人数据的研究应经过独立的伦理审查。为了探讨伦理批准的报告,我们从2013-2021年发表的瑞典犯罪个人数据文章中提取了信息。在确定的298篇文章中,92篇(31%)未报告伦理批准。失败在定性设计的文章中尤其常见,只有一个或几个作者,当有一个社会科学的焦点。不同大学的失败情况差别很大。我们的结论是,在涉及犯罪的个人数据的文章中,报告强制伦理批准的失败是常见的,这些失败因研究环境而显着不同。已经确定了几个不遵守《道德审查法》的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic and Genomic Researchers' Perspectives on Biological Sample Sharing in Collaborative Research in Uganda: A Qualitative Study. 遗传和基因组研究人员对乌干达合作研究中生物样本共享的看法:一项定性研究。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231171289
David Kaawa-Mafigiri, Deborah Ekusai Sebatta, Ian Munabi, Erisa Sabakaki Mwaka

Numerous ethical, legal, and social issues arise with biological sample sharing. The study explored the perspectives of genetic and genomic researchers on the sharing of biological samples in international collaborative research. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 researchers. Participants expressed positive attitudes towards biobanking and appreciated the benefits of cross-border sharing of biological samples but noted that this practice had adversely affected local capacity building efforts. There was limited understanding of the ethical and regulatory frameworks governing sample sharing. Researchers emphasized the importance of respecting cultural values in biobanking research. Issues concerning poor governance and inequitable benefit sharing were also raised. There is a need for fair and equitable international collaborations where all researchers are treated with respect and as equal partners.

生物样本共享产生了许多伦理、法律和社会问题。本研究探讨了遗传学和基因组学研究人员在国际合作研究中生物样本共享的观点。对15名研究人员进行了定性深入访谈。与会者对生物库持积极态度,赞赏跨境共享生物样本的好处,但指出这种做法对当地能力建设工作产生了不利影响。对管理样本共享的伦理和监管框架的理解有限。研究人员强调了在生物银行研究中尊重文化价值的重要性。还提出了有关管理不善和利益分享不公平的问题。有必要进行公平和公平的国际合作,在这种合作中,所有的研究人员都受到尊重,并被视为平等的伙伴。
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引用次数: 1
Student Moral Foundations in the Context of Research Misbehavior: An Experimental Study. 研究不当行为背景下的学生道德基础:一项实验研究。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231168919
Ivan Buljan, Ružica Tokalić, Vicko Tomić, Marin Viđak, Ana Marušić

The study aimed to examine whether the use of words related to different moral foundations can predict the perceived severity of research misconduct. We gave two groups of participants, undergraduate medical students, the same hypothetical scenarios of research misconduct cases containing words related to different aspects of morality, and asked them to assess how inappropriate the described behavior was. Students ranked the described behaviors differently by the inappropriateness of the behavior, but the group wording was not a significant predictor of appropriateness. The reasons for the ranking were not related to any standardized procedures for research integrity but were related to the moral assessment of the students, which was assessed using qualitative approach. The results of this study implicate that personal moral views are an important part in research integrity training.

该研究旨在检验与不同道德基础相关的词汇的使用是否可以预测研究不端行为的严重程度。我们给两组参与者,医科本科生,相同的研究不当行为案例的假设场景,包含与道德的不同方面相关的词语,并要求他们评估所描述的行为有多不适当。学生们根据行为的不适当程度对所描述的行为进行了不同的排名,但群体措辞并不是适当性的显著预测因子。排名的原因与研究诚信的任何标准化程序无关,而是与学生的道德评估有关,这是用定性方法评估的。本研究结果显示,个人道德观是科研诚信训练的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Informed Consent and Debriefing When Deceiving Participants: A Systematic Review of Research Ethics Guidelines. 欺骗参与者时的知情同意和汇报:研究伦理准则的系统回顾。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231173477
Kamiel Verbeke, Tomasz Krawczyk, Dieter Baeyens, Jan Piasecki, Pascal Borry

Informed consent and debriefing of research participants in studies that use deception are ethical safeguards for which existing scholarly work on their implementation remains variable and insufficiently clear. A systematic review of research ethics guidelines was conducted to sketch a picture of whether, why and how informed consent and debriefing are recommended when using deception. Documents roughly agreed on several general principles, but varied significantly in the specifics of why and whether these safeguards are necessary, in which conditions and how they should be implemented. Various aspects that appear in the literature could not be found in the guidelines. In our review, guidance was integrated and showed a variation of implementation strategies that could help in contextualizing these safeguards.

在使用欺骗的研究中,对研究参与者的知情同意和汇报是道德保障措施,而现有的关于其实施的学术工作仍然是可变的,而且不够明确。对研究伦理准则进行了系统的审查,以概述在使用欺骗时是否、为什么以及如何建议知情同意和汇报。文件大致同意了几项一般原则,但在为什么和是否需要这些保障措施、在什么条件下以及如何实施这些保障措施的具体问题上差异很大。在文献中出现的许多方面在指南中都找不到。在我们的审查中,指南是综合的,并显示了有助于将这些保障措施置于背景下的实施战略的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Documentary Assessment of the Abilities of Kyrgyzstan's Research Ethics Committees During Public Health Emergency and Non-Emergency Situations. 吉尔吉斯斯坦突发公共卫生事件和非突发公共卫生事件中研究伦理委员会能力的文献评估
IF 1.3 4区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231176711
Tamara Kudaibergenova, Muiz Ibrahim, Nityanand Jain, Janis Vetra

Institutional Research Ethics Committees (RECs) play crucial roles in the impartial and competent review of scientific research, particularly during public health emergencies. In this report, we examined their ability and capacity to provide this basic service during public health emergencies and non-emergency situations. Our qualitative documentary analysis revealed that there are currently no legal regulations guiding the activities of Kyrgyz RECs during public health emergencies. In addition, major policy gaps exist in how RECs should operate in non-emergency circumstances. This lack of guidance highlights the urgent need to develop and implement ethical guidelines to meet the evolving needs of such emergencies. Our findings underscore the growing urgency of supporting capacity building of RECs to respond effectively to future pandemics and other public health crises.

机构研究伦理委员会(rec)在公正和称职地审查科学研究方面发挥着关键作用,特别是在突发公共卫生事件期间。在本报告中,我们审查了它们在突发公共卫生事件和非紧急情况下提供这一基本服务的能力和能力。我们的定性文献分析显示,目前没有法律法规指导吉尔吉斯斯坦区域经济中心在突发公共卫生事件期间的活动。此外,在非紧急情况下区域经济中心应如何运作方面存在重大政策空白。这种缺乏指导的情况突出表明,迫切需要制定和实施道德准则,以满足此类紧急情况不断变化的需要。我们的研究结果强调了支持区域经济中心能力建设以有效应对未来流行病和其他公共卫生危机的紧迫性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics
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