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Analysis of the Extreme Tsunami Risk to Sanya New Airport in the South China Sea 南海三亚新机场极端海啸风险分析
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431123500069
Xi Zhao, Hua Liu, Zhiyuan Ren, Yunpeng Jiang
The Manila trench in the South China Sea (SCS) is identified as being most susceptible to the future major earthquakes. Once a submarine earthquake occurs, the coastal areas and ocean engineering projects around SCS will be affected. Based on the Sanya new airport project, this paper presents an analysis of tsunami impacts to the project region. A series of numerical simulations of tsunami are carried out and compared under different magnitudes of earthquakes. An extreme tsunami induced by a giant earthquake of M9.3 is simulated and analyzed in detail. The tsunami propagation scenarios and surface elevation in the region are presented. The inundation map and flow velocity distribution are analyzed. The impacts of this human project to the coasts are discussed by comparing tsunami wave height with and without the artificial island. According to the numerical results and relevant analysis, the giant tsunami will have great impacts to the artificial island.
南中国海的马尼拉海沟被认为是未来最容易发生大地震的区域。一旦发生海底地震,南海周边沿海地区和海洋工程将受到影响。本文以三亚新机场工程为例,分析了海啸对项目区的影响。对海啸进行了一系列数值模拟,并对不同震级下的海啸进行了比较。对一次9.3级大地震引发的极端海啸进行了模拟和详细分析。给出了该地区海啸传播情景和地表高程。分析了淹没图和流速分布。通过比较有人工岛屿和没有人工岛屿的海啸波高,讨论了这一人类工程对海岸的影响。根据数值结果和相关分析,大海啸将对人工岛屿产生很大的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Frequency Content of Seismic Excitation on Slosh Response of Liquid Tank with Baffle Plate 地震激励频率对挡板液罐晃动响应的影响
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1142/s179343112350001x
P. Nimisha, B. Jayalekshmi, K. Venkataramana
The violent dynamic behavior of liquid under horizontal excitation is a key factor that needs to be addressed in the seismic-resistant design of liquid tanks. Therefore, this study focuses on the slosh response of the liquid medium in a rectangular tank under Imperial Valley 1979, El Centro 1940 and Kobe 1995 ground motions of different frequency ranges. The ground motions records are selected based on the PGA/PGV ratio. For slosh control, a single vertical perforated baffle plate is used as an anti-slosh element with different configurations of perforations. Considering the free surface elevation as the major response parameter, the effect of percentage of perforation of the baffle plate, clear spacing of perforations and offset distance of the perforated plate are investigated by carrying out the pressure-based transient analysis using computational fluid dynamic (CFD). The optimum perforation varies from 10% to 17%, corresponding to the frequency of ground motion in the range of far-resonant to near-resonant conditions. Additionally, “rapid zone” ([Formula: see text]-zone) and “moderate zone” ([Formula: see text]-zone) are identified to pilot the positioning of the perforated baffle plate in liquid tanks. The perforated baffle plate with an optimum range of moderately spaced perforations positioned at the moderate zone of the tank effectively reduces the free surface elevation. Furthermore, the perforated baffle plate is more advantageous during violent sloshing under near-resonant conditions.
液体在水平激励下的剧烈动力行为是储液罐抗震设计中需要考虑的关键因素。因此,本文重点研究了Imperial Valley 1979、El Centro 1940和Kobe 1995三种不同频率范围的地震动作用下矩形槽内液体介质的晃动响应。根据PGA/PGV比值选择地面运动记录。为了控制晃动,使用单个垂直穿孔挡板作为具有不同穿孔配置的防晃动元件。以自由面高程为主要响应参数,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了挡流板穿孔百分数、穿孔间隙和穿孔板偏移距离对挡流板变形的影响。最佳射孔率范围为10% ~ 17%,对应于远共振到近共振条件下的地震动频率。此外,还确定了“快速区”([公式:见文]-区域)和“中等区”([公式:见文]-区域),以指导液罐中穿孔挡板的定位。在水箱的中等区域,穿孔挡板的最佳间距适中,有效地降低了自由表面标高。此外,在近共振条件下,穿孔挡板在剧烈晃动中更有利。
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引用次数: 1
Modeling Reinforced Concrete Moment Frames Supported on Quintuple Friction Pendulum Bearings for Nonlinear Response History Analysis 基于五重摩擦摆支座的钢筋混凝土弯矩框架非线性响应历史分析
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431123500021
A. Habib, U. Yildirim
Base isolation systems have attained significant advancements over the past several decades, with new technologies being developed to enhance the performance of structures when subjected to moderate and severe seismic excitations. The multi-stage friction pendulum is among the most efficient systems owing to its broad range of effective pendula with several regimes that provide excellent energy dissipation abilities. Lately, a new generation of friction pendulum bearings called “Quintuple Friction Pendulum” was introduced to the literature and has since gained the attention of researchers. This isolator’s most significant advantages are the results of its capability to achieve multi-stage adaptive behavior which shows high energy dissipation capability from structures exposed to horizontal forces. Indeed, investigations that outlined the process for nonlinear modeling of structures supported on this type of isolation system are scarce. Thus, this research is intended to illustrate and discuss the approach for developing seismic code compliance finite element models for designing and analyzing reinforced concrete moment frames supported on quintuple friction pendulum bearings for nonlinear response-history analysis in OpenSees and SAP2000. As a part of the study, the nonlinearity of the isolation system and the superstructure will be considered. Moreover, the methods for overcoming essential issues such as damping leakage and isolator’s stiffness correction will be discussed. In general, the results of the discussed numerical examples have shown that both finite element packages are capable of achieving QFP hysteresis behavior as well as computing similar superstructural responses. Furthermore, the illustrated method of overcoming damping leakage provided reliable outcomes compared to the theoretical expectations. As well as the suggested approach for correcting the isolator’s initial stiffness was helpful in terms of accurately capturing the structure’s periods.
在过去的几十年里,随着新技术的发展,基础隔震系统取得了显著的进步,以提高结构在中等和严重地震激励下的性能。多级摩擦摆是最有效的系统之一,因为它的有效摆的范围很广,有几种制度,提供了良好的能量耗散能力。最近,被称为“五重摩擦摆”的新一代摩擦摆轴承被介绍到文献中,并从此引起了研究人员的注意。这种隔振器最显著的优点是它能够实现多级自适应行为,从暴露在水平力下的结构中显示出很高的能量耗散能力。事实上,研究概述了在这种类型的隔离系统上支持的结构的非线性建模过程是稀缺的。因此,本研究旨在说明和讨论开发符合抗震规范的有限元模型的方法,用于设计和分析在OpenSees和SAP2000中用于非线性响应历史分析的五重摩擦摆轴承支撑的钢筋混凝土弯矩框架。作为研究的一部分,将考虑隔震系统和上部结构的非线性。此外,还讨论了克服阻尼泄漏和隔振器刚度修正等关键问题的方法。总的来说,所讨论的数值算例的结果表明,两种有限元包都能够实现QFP迟滞行为以及计算相似的上层结构响应。此外,与理论预期相比,所述克服阻尼泄漏的方法提供了可靠的结果。此外,校正隔离器初始刚度的建议方法有助于准确捕捉结构的周期。
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引用次数: 1
Development of Near-Field Earthquake Loading Protocols for the Steel Moment Connections in Iran 伊朗钢弯矩连接近场地震荷载协议的发展
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431123500057
Elyas Alizehi, M. Ghassemieh, S. R. Mirghaderi, Mahmoud Ali Ali
Steel moment frame buildings are widely used in Iran and around the world. The observations from major earthquakes underscored the importance of the beam-to-column connections in seismic force-resisting systems and their influence on such building’s performance. Since the most catastrophic earthquakes that occurred in Iran contained the characteristics of near-field earthquakes, hence understanding the behavior of these connections under such earthquakes is needed. This study proposed loading protocols for special steel moment-resisting frame systems under near-field earthquakes in Iran. Each of them had 23 damage half-cycles with a maximum inter-story drift of 0.065 radians. The proposed loading protocols were compared numerically to each other. The most influential one was chosen as the main loading protocol since it has the most destructive effect on the connection. The main loading protocol showed a faster rate of increase in the plastic strain and imposed the highest amount of dissipated energy at a former loading stage compared to other near-field earthquake loading protocols related to other countries such as SAC and Fang et al.
钢框架建筑在伊朗和世界各地广泛使用。大地震的观测结果强调了抗震系统中梁柱连接的重要性及其对此类建筑性能的影响。由于发生在伊朗的最具灾难性的地震包含近场地震的特征,因此有必要了解这些地震下这些连接的行为。本研究提出了伊朗近场地震作用下特殊钢抗弯矩框架体系的加载方案。每层均有23个损伤半循环,最大层间漂移为0.065弧度。对提出的加载方案进行了数值比较。选择影响最大的加载协议作为主加载协议,因为它对连接的破坏性最大。与其他国家相关的近场地震加载方案(如SAC和Fang等)相比,主加载方案在前加载阶段显示出更快的塑性应变增长速度和最大的耗散能。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative Modeling of Pulse-Like Ground Motions Using Imperialist Competitive Optimization Algorithm 使用帝国主义竞争优化算法的脉冲式地面运动定量建模
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431123500033
Z. Minaei, S. R. H. Vaez, E. Dehghani, Elham Ezzati
Increasing attention in quantitative and qualitative models has been paid to the dominant velocity pulse of the pulse-like ground motions. Manual trial and error approach for fitting of time history and response spectrum of the actual record and simulated pulse has been employed to obtain pulse parameters of these models. In this study, a mathematical model and the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) are used to overcome the limitations of the previous studies. For this purpose, an objective function is defined as the norm deviation of the time history and response spectrum of the actual record and simulated pulse. The proposed approach is capable of identifying and extracting the dominant pulse of any pulse-like record, and consists of 91 pulse-like records used in this study. In all of 91 records, the highest accordance with time history and elastic response spectrum of actual records and extracted pulses is achieved. As a case study, the extracted pulses of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are used to generate artificial pulse-like records. The dynamic responses of the 3-story moment frame in SAC project subjected to generated records are investigated. The results show that the proposed approach can be used in parametric studies of pulse-like ground motions.
在定量和定性模型中,对类脉冲地震动的主导速度脉冲的研究越来越受到重视。采用人工试错法拟合实际记录和模拟脉冲的时程和响应谱,获得了这些模型的脉冲参数。本文采用数学模型和帝国主义竞争算法(ICA)来克服以往研究的局限性。为此,将目标函数定义为实际记录和模拟脉冲的时程和响应谱的范数偏差。所提出的方法能够识别和提取任何脉冲样记录的主导脉冲,并且由本研究中使用的91个脉冲样记录组成。在所有91条记录中,实际记录和提取脉冲的时间历史和弹性响应谱的一致性最高。以1999年集集地震为例,利用提取的脉冲生成人工脉冲记录。研究了SAC工程中三层框架在生成记录作用下的动力响应。结果表明,该方法可用于类脉冲地震动的参数化研究。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation and Application of Strength and Stiffness Reduction Factors of Liquefiable Soil 可液化土强度、刚度折减系数的估算及应用
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122500208
Jui-Ching Chou, Ming-Yen Chiang, Ciao-Rou Tang
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of the Initial Stage of Wave Generation by a Suddenly Rising or Falling Seabed 海底突然上升或下降产生波浪的初始阶段的模拟
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122410056
Chih-Hua Chang
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引用次数: 0
Boulder Transportation on the Flat Bed by Dam Break 溃坝平坦河床上的巨石运输
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122410020
Jing-Hua Lin, Yi-Wei Chang, Guanging Chen
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引用次数: 1
Friction tuned mass dampers in seismic-excited high-rise buildings with SSI effects: A reliability assessment 具有SSI效应的高层建筑摩擦调谐质量阻尼器的可靠性评估
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122500221
S. Etedali, M. Akbari, M. Seifi
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引用次数: 3
Derivation, Validation, and Numerical Implementation of a Two-Dimensional Boulder Transport Formulation by Coastal Waves 推导,验证,和数值实现二维巨石传输公式的海岸波
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1142/s179343112250018x
Masashi Watanabe, T. Yoshii, V. Roeber, K. Goto, F. Imamura
Numerical computations for boulder transport have become a state-of-the-art tool for hindcasting the hydraulic processes associated with past storm wave and tsunami events. Since most previously developed two-dimensional formulations cater to boulders with symmetric outlines, they can consequently reproduce the transport distance and the velocity of boulders of cubic shape or similar structured geometries reasonably well. However, the formulations exhibit limitations when applied to rectangular- and flat-shaped boulders. The presently available formulations have difficulties reproducing the variations of frictional drag force due to the changes of the boulders’ contact time with the ground. We have developed an extended boulder transport formulation and derived a new empirical roughness coefficient by considering the shape of boulders that accounts for the changes of the boulders’ contact time with the ground. In comparison to other existing transport formulations, the present method provides superior accuracy of block velocity and transport distance in most cases — especially for boulders of rectangular geometry. Even by neglecting the full three-dimensional processes, numerical computations extended with the proposed boulder transport formulation can help explaining historic wave regimes, which were responsible for the transport of a variety of coastal boulders reported around the world.
数值计算的巨石运输已成为一个先进的工具,以预测水力过程与过去的风暴和海啸事件。由于大多数先前开发的二维公式迎合具有对称轮廓的巨石,因此它们可以相当好地再现立方体形状或类似结构几何形状的巨石的传输距离和速度。然而,当应用于矩形和扁平的巨石时,这些配方表现出局限性。目前可用的公式难以再现由于岩石与地面接触时间的变化而引起的摩擦阻力变化。我们开发了一个扩展的岩石输运公式,并通过考虑岩石的形状推导出了一个新的经验粗糙度系数,该系数考虑了岩石与地面接触时间的变化。与其他现有的输运公式相比,本方法在大多数情况下,特别是对于矩形几何形状的巨石,提供了更高的块体速度和输运距离的精度。即使忽略了完整的三维过程,用所提出的巨石搬运公式扩展的数值计算也可以帮助解释历史波浪状态,这是世界各地报道的各种海岸巨石搬运的原因。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami
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