Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1142/s179343112250021x
Kasif Furkan Ozturk, T. Cakir, O. Araz
{"title":"Influences of Wall Configurations on Earthquake Behavior of Cantilever Retaining Walls Considering Soil-Structure Interaction Effects","authors":"Kasif Furkan Ozturk, T. Cakir, O. Araz","doi":"10.1142/s179343112250021x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s179343112250021x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80700067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compared with circular, square and diamond piers, the N60 pier proposed in our previous study has been numerically proven to be effective in reducing tsunami force. The relatively stronger vortices behind the N60 pier are responsible for the not-small-enough tsunami force on the N60 pier. The asymmetry in shape makes the N60 pier fail to reduce flood force because flood propagates in the opposite direction of tsunami bore. A series of new type piers named are proposed to further improve the anti-tsunami ability of the N60 by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method among which the N60-60 pier is proven to be most effective in reducing tsunami force, and its tsunami force mitigation mechanism is analyzed numerically. Further, the physical experiments were conducted to validate the N60 pier and the new type pier N60-60. Results show that compared with circular, square and diamond piers, the N60 pier is indeed capable of reducing tsunami force, and compared with the N60 pier, the new type N60-60 pier is capable of further reducing tsunami force. The order of magnitudes of tsunami forces on piers is: N60-60 N60 circular diamond square.
{"title":"Study on Further Improvement of Anti-tsunami Ability of a New Type Bridge Pier","authors":"Wanli Yang, Hailin Hou, Quanlong Zhu, Junling Liu, Fuhai Li, Lingyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1142/s1793431122500063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431122500063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compared with circular, square and diamond piers, the N60 pier proposed in our previous study has been numerically proven to be effective in reducing tsunami force. The relatively stronger vortices behind the N60 pier are responsible for the not-small-enough tsunami force on the N60 pier. The asymmetry in shape makes the N60 pier fail to reduce flood force because flood propagates in the opposite direction of tsunami bore. A series of new type piers named <span><math altimg=\"eq-00001.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mstyle><mtext mathvariant=\"normal\">N</mtext></mstyle><mi>α</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>β</mi></math></span><span></span> are proposed to further improve the anti-tsunami ability of the N60 by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method among which the N60-60 pier is proven to be most effective in reducing tsunami force, and its tsunami force mitigation mechanism is analyzed numerically. Further, the physical experiments were conducted to validate the N60 pier and the new type pier N60-60. Results show that compared with circular, square and diamond piers, the N60 pier is indeed capable of reducing tsunami force, and compared with the N60 pier, the new type N60-60 pier is capable of further reducing tsunami force. The order of magnitudes of tsunami forces on piers is: N60-60 <span><math altimg=\"eq-00002.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mo><</mo></math></span><span></span> N60 <span><math altimg=\"eq-00003.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mo><</mo></math></span><span></span> circular <span><math altimg=\"eq-00004.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mo><</mo></math></span><span></span> diamond <span><math altimg=\"eq-00005.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mo><</mo></math></span><span></span> square.</p>","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122500075
G. Srikar, S. Mittal
Seismic design of retaining wall supporting submerged retaining wall requires precise estimation of lateral earth pressure considering realistic parameters that constitute hydro-dynamic pressure, frequency inputs and other dynamic properties. The purpose of this study is to establish a closed-form solution for seismic lateral earth pressure acting on a retaining wall with submerged backfill with surcharge. The proposed method includes the dynamic nature by considering time-period, the frequency of the seismic wave, dynamic soil properties. Boundary conditions in the backfill are satisfied due to the propagation of the seismic wave. This study considers amplified seismic waves to estimate inertial forces due to critical soil mass and surcharge. The excess pore pressure generated during the seismic action is also considered in this study. The obtained formulation shows the significant effect of frequency content, damping resistance offered by backfill soil, amplification of seismic wave on seismic earth pressure. The seismic earth pressure obtained from this study is observed to be in a close agreement with centrifuge test results and analytical studies from the literature. This study definitely addresses the lateral pressure distribution on the retaining wall with backfill submergence and surcharge on the surface.
{"title":"Seismic Active Pressure on an Inclined Retaining Wall with Surcharge on a Submerged Backfill","authors":"G. Srikar, S. Mittal","doi":"10.1142/s1793431122500075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431122500075","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic design of retaining wall supporting submerged retaining wall requires precise estimation of lateral earth pressure considering realistic parameters that constitute hydro-dynamic pressure, frequency inputs and other dynamic properties. The purpose of this study is to establish a closed-form solution for seismic lateral earth pressure acting on a retaining wall with submerged backfill with surcharge. The proposed method includes the dynamic nature by considering time-period, the frequency of the seismic wave, dynamic soil properties. Boundary conditions in the backfill are satisfied due to the propagation of the seismic wave. This study considers amplified seismic waves to estimate inertial forces due to critical soil mass and surcharge. The excess pore pressure generated during the seismic action is also considered in this study. The obtained formulation shows the significant effect of frequency content, damping resistance offered by backfill soil, amplification of seismic wave on seismic earth pressure. The seismic earth pressure obtained from this study is observed to be in a close agreement with centrifuge test results and analytical studies from the literature. This study definitely addresses the lateral pressure distribution on the retaining wall with backfill submergence and surcharge on the surface.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88271460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122500178
M. Hassani Sokhtesaraei, M. Ghassemieh, S. R. Mirghaderi
The aim of this paper is to prepare a list of appropriate far-field records for the purpose of time history analysis and structural design assessment in Tehran. Accordingly, the study focused on considering all parameters affecting the choice of accelerogram pair for Tehran. For this purpose, a total of 1000 accelerogram pairs of the earthquakes that occurred in Iran during 1978–2010 were studied in terms of the parameters affecting the choice of appropriate accelerogram pair for Tehran, including distance to the epicenter, magnitude, frequency content, earthquake mechanism, soil properties, and configuration of ground layers. An important objective followed by preparing such a list was to appropriately match it to susceptibility and performance levels set in local design standards. For this purpose, seismic, statistical, and analytic studies were performed, finally ending up with a list of appropriate accelerogram pairs for time history analysis and design assessment in Tehran. In this research, to provide a proper understanding of the proposed list’s applied demands on the region’s structures, numerical and statistical studies and comparisons with the FEMA-P695 list have been done.
{"title":"Proposing a Set of Far-Field Records for Time History Analysis in Tehran City and Comparison with FEMA-P695 Set Records","authors":"M. Hassani Sokhtesaraei, M. Ghassemieh, S. R. Mirghaderi","doi":"10.1142/s1793431122500178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431122500178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this paper is to prepare a list of appropriate far-field records for the purpose of time history analysis and structural design assessment in Tehran. Accordingly, the study focused on considering all parameters affecting the choice of accelerogram pair for Tehran. For this purpose, a total of 1000 accelerogram pairs of the earthquakes that occurred in Iran during 1978–2010 were studied in terms of the parameters affecting the choice of appropriate accelerogram pair for Tehran, including distance to the epicenter, magnitude, frequency content, earthquake mechanism, soil properties, and configuration of ground layers. An important objective followed by preparing such a list was to appropriately match it to susceptibility and performance levels set in local design standards. For this purpose, seismic, statistical, and analytic studies were performed, finally ending up with a list of appropriate accelerogram pairs for time history analysis and design assessment in Tehran. In this research, to provide a proper understanding of the proposed list’s applied demands on the region’s structures, numerical and statistical studies and comparisons with the FEMA-P695 list have been done.</p>","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1142/s179343112202002x
Yan-Hong Ng, F. Lee, M. Hori, Zhenhua Huang
{"title":"Preface — 15 Years Journey to Understand the Problems of Earthquake and Tsunami","authors":"Yan-Hong Ng, F. Lee, M. Hori, Zhenhua Huang","doi":"10.1142/s179343112202002x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s179343112202002x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83808489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122500105
S. Cespedes, R. Boroschek, R. Ruiz
Chile presents a high seismicity and very particular characteristics due to its subductive environment and high convergence rate of the interacting plates. In this paper, ground motion models (GMM) for Arias Intensity and strong ground motion duration are developed based on recently compiled Chilean earthquakes records. The Chilean derived GMM are later compared with global and subduction models. For the duration case, two definitions are considered: significant duration and bracketed duration. Care is taken to consider newly define rupture areas for the major earthquake in the catalog, which allows to redefine the distances to be used in the analysis. The strong motion records are processed using robust techniques and standardized procedures. The model parameters are selected using a Bayesian updating method. This allows to estimate the parameters as well as their corresponding uncertainties recognizing the variability of the coefficients and of the selected model. The derived ground motion predictive model associated is validated through a residual analysis and probability distributions, obtained from the adjustment method. Additionally, for the bracketed duration analysis, a classification method based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used, with the aim to incorporate the records with duration of zero seconds. The comparison of the resultant model with the existing ones allows to confirm the differences that the tectonic Chilean environment produces, characterized mainly by a high relative convergence rate between plates and interplate thrust earthquakes with high magnitudes.
{"title":"Strong Motion Models for Duration and Arias Intensity for Strong Motion Records in Chile","authors":"S. Cespedes, R. Boroschek, R. Ruiz","doi":"10.1142/s1793431122500105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431122500105","url":null,"abstract":"Chile presents a high seismicity and very particular characteristics due to its subductive environment and high convergence rate of the interacting plates. In this paper, ground motion models (GMM) for Arias Intensity and strong ground motion duration are developed based on recently compiled Chilean earthquakes records. The Chilean derived GMM are later compared with global and subduction models. For the duration case, two definitions are considered: significant duration and bracketed duration. Care is taken to consider newly define rupture areas for the major earthquake in the catalog, which allows to redefine the distances to be used in the analysis. The strong motion records are processed using robust techniques and standardized procedures. The model parameters are selected using a Bayesian updating method. This allows to estimate the parameters as well as their corresponding uncertainties recognizing the variability of the coefficients and of the selected model. The derived ground motion predictive model associated is validated through a residual analysis and probability distributions, obtained from the adjustment method. Additionally, for the bracketed duration analysis, a classification method based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used, with the aim to incorporate the records with duration of zero seconds. The comparison of the resultant model with the existing ones allows to confirm the differences that the tectonic Chilean environment produces, characterized mainly by a high relative convergence rate between plates and interplate thrust earthquakes with high magnitudes.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89456858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-14DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122400048
H. O.-tani, K. Iiyama, Shuhei Takaya, Masaaki Yabe
A key functionality of Integrated Earthquake Simulation which carries out regional earthquake simulations is automated model construction that builds a set of analysis models for different numerical analysis methods, using a variety of data which cover city and urban areas. In this study, we present the current state of the automated model construction for structures. Its unique feature is the ability to restore the configuration and estimate the structural properties for a target structure using a set of limited digital data. Engineering information such as design codes and regulations of the structure is systematically used to make up for the lack of the digital data. Explanation is made about the developed methodology and algorithms of the automated model construction for two kinds of structures: residential buildings and road bridges.
{"title":"Automated Model Construction of Urban Structures with Limited Digital Data","authors":"H. O.-tani, K. Iiyama, Shuhei Takaya, Masaaki Yabe","doi":"10.1142/s1793431122400048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431122400048","url":null,"abstract":"A key functionality of Integrated Earthquake Simulation which carries out regional earthquake simulations is automated model construction that builds a set of analysis models for different numerical analysis methods, using a variety of data which cover city and urban areas. In this study, we present the current state of the automated model construction for structures. Its unique feature is the ability to restore the configuration and estimate the structural properties for a target structure using a set of limited digital data. Engineering information such as design codes and regulations of the structure is systematically used to make up for the lack of the digital data. Explanation is made about the developed methodology and algorithms of the automated model construction for two kinds of structures: residential buildings and road bridges.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81721456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-14DOI: 10.1142/s179343112240005x
Ben Zhao, Jiahui Ho, Subhadeep Banerjee, S. Goh, F. Lee
This paper presents a critical review of the current challenges in analyzing large, realistic pile groups in soft clay soil under earthquake shaking. The review focuses on three main essentials of numerical analyses, namely soil behavior and constitutive model, pile and pile-soil interface modeling and computational framework.
{"title":"Modeling Seismic-Soil-Pile Interaction (SSPI) Problems for Large Pile Groups","authors":"Ben Zhao, Jiahui Ho, Subhadeep Banerjee, S. Goh, F. Lee","doi":"10.1142/s179343112240005x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s179343112240005x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a critical review of the current challenges in analyzing large, realistic pile groups in soft clay soil under earthquake shaking. The review focuses on three main essentials of numerical analyses, namely soil behavior and constitutive model, pile and pile-soil interface modeling and computational framework.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88340463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122410044
Yen-Lung Chen, Yunyu Shen, H. Wu, S. Hsiao
{"title":"Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment of Offshore Wave Heights for Southern Region of Pingtung County in Southern Taiwan","authors":"Yen-Lung Chen, Yunyu Shen, H. Wu, S. Hsiao","doi":"10.1142/s1793431122410044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431122410044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76569301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122410019
Cheng-Hsien Lee, P. H. Lo, Huabin Shi, Zhenhua Huang
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Generation of Landslide Tsunamis: A Review","authors":"Cheng-Hsien Lee, P. H. Lo, Huabin Shi, Zhenhua Huang","doi":"10.1142/s1793431122410019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431122410019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86350575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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