Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500172
A. Dogangun, Burak Yön, O. Onat, M. E. Öncü, Serkan Sagiroglu
There are three major fault zones in Turkey scattered around the country known as East Anatolian Fault (EAF), North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and Anatolian-Aegean Subduction Zone (AASZ). Last two decad...
{"title":"Seismicity of East Anatolian of Turkey and Failures of Infill Walls Induced by Major Earthquakes","authors":"A. Dogangun, Burak Yön, O. Onat, M. E. Öncü, Serkan Sagiroglu","doi":"10.1142/S1793431121500172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431121500172","url":null,"abstract":"There are three major fault zones in Turkey scattered around the country known as East Anatolian Fault (EAF), North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and Anatolian-Aegean Subduction Zone (AASZ). Last two decad...","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"58 1","pages":"2150017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86985649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.1142/s1793431121500226
Ji-Su Kim, Woo-Seong Park, T. Han
The objective of this study is to propose a framework for evaluating the seismic fragility of bridge systems analytically taking into account correlations between component behaviors. To include co...
本研究的目的是提出一个框架，分析评估桥梁体系的地震易损性，同时考虑到构件行为之间的相关性。包括……
{"title":"Framework to Evaluate Seismic Fragility of Bridges Considering Component Damage Correlations","authors":"Ji-Su Kim, Woo-Seong Park, T. Han","doi":"10.1142/s1793431121500226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431121500226","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to propose a framework for evaluating the seismic fragility of bridge systems analytically taking into account correlations between component behaviors. To include co...","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"1 1","pages":"2150022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83592102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.1142/s1793431121500214
Baoyintu, H. Kawase
To validate the seismic retrofitting of buildings quantitatively, we observed microtremors in the Uji campus buildings at Kyoto University. We compared the dynamic characteristics derived from the resonant frequency of microtremors in a five-story steel-frame structure and a three-story reinforced-concrete (RC) building before and after retrofitting. We calculated the weight of the building from the retrofitting design plan and constructed a numerical model of the structure by estimating the building stiffness that fits the resonant frequency. Assuming the characteristics of the restoring force for each story of the numerical model from previous studies, we calculated the non-linear response of the building to the strong motions predicted for earthquakes occurring at the Obaku fault system that runs right in front of the Uji campus. We compared the response of the numerical models constructed before and after retrofitting to verify the effects of the seismic retrofitting. We found that the proposed method of dynamic response model construction using microtremor observations is effective when the reinforcement members are rigidly fixed to the existing structure, as is the case for RC buildings.
{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of the Seismic Reinforcement Effect Based on Observed Microtremors","authors":"Baoyintu, H. Kawase","doi":"10.1142/s1793431121500214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431121500214","url":null,"abstract":"To validate the seismic retrofitting of buildings quantitatively, we observed microtremors in the Uji campus buildings at Kyoto University. We compared the dynamic characteristics derived from the resonant frequency of microtremors in a five-story steel-frame structure and a three-story reinforced-concrete (RC) building before and after retrofitting. We calculated the weight of the building from the retrofitting design plan and constructed a numerical model of the structure by estimating the building stiffness that fits the resonant frequency. Assuming the characteristics of the restoring force for each story of the numerical model from previous studies, we calculated the non-linear response of the building to the strong motions predicted for earthquakes occurring at the Obaku fault system that runs right in front of the Uji campus. We compared the response of the numerical models constructed before and after retrofitting to verify the effects of the seismic retrofitting. We found that the proposed method of dynamic response model construction using microtremor observations is effective when the reinforcement members are rigidly fixed to the existing structure, as is the case for RC buildings.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"8 1","pages":"2150021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780197546123.003.0004
James Goff, W. Dudley
The history of catastrophic events is not always written down; it is often embedded in place-names, oral traditions, and myth. With examples of oral traditions of sea monsters and the folly of wizards, this chapter discusses catastrophic prehistoric tsunamis generated by a massive earthquake and volcanic eruption that affected Polynesian communities and culture in the 15th century. In Japan, where the roots of oral traditions and written records are much older, the origins of the word “tsunami” are traced through the country’s cultural progression to its introduction to the Western world and to other related Japanese words that merit adoption, such as “Yoda.”
{"title":"Voices from the Past","authors":"James Goff, W. Dudley","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780197546123.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780197546123.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The history of catastrophic events is not always written down; it is often embedded in place-names, oral traditions, and myth. With examples of oral traditions of sea monsters and the folly of wizards, this chapter discusses catastrophic prehistoric tsunamis generated by a massive earthquake and volcanic eruption that affected Polynesian communities and culture in the 15th century. In Japan, where the roots of oral traditions and written records are much older, the origins of the word “tsunami” are traced through the country’s cultural progression to its introduction to the Western world and to other related Japanese words that merit adoption, such as “Yoda.”","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"341 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78056921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780197546123.003.0010
James Goff, W. Dudley
There are many strange tales of tsunamis that do not fit into researchers’ simple understanding of these events. Intact whale skeletons nearly 150 ft up on top of a cliff, exploding geysers, ships sunk by asteroids, alcoholic beverages running riot through city streets, and the Allies’ development of a tsunami bomb during World War II that was considered equally important as their atomic program are all strange but true stories of the bizarre world of tsunamis. Although none of the events discussed in this chapter necessarily changed the world, they are interesting nonetheless and should change either how scientists search for past tsunamis or how scientists define them.
{"title":"Strange, But True","authors":"James Goff, W. Dudley","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780197546123.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780197546123.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"There are many strange tales of tsunamis that do not fit into researchers’ simple understanding of these events. Intact whale skeletons nearly 150 ft up on top of a cliff, exploding geysers, ships sunk by asteroids, alcoholic beverages running riot through city streets, and the Allies’ development of a tsunami bomb during World War II that was considered equally important as their atomic program are all strange but true stories of the bizarre world of tsunamis. Although none of the events discussed in this chapter necessarily changed the world, they are interesting nonetheless and should change either how scientists search for past tsunamis or how scientists define them.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74821358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.1142/s1793431121500202
V. R. Annapareddy, A. Pain
The performance of conventional rigid retaining wall under harmonic and transient ground motions is evaluated using three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations. Rotation of wall about the bas...
采用三维有限元模拟方法对传统刚性挡土墙在谐波和瞬态地震动作用下的性能进行了评价。绕墙旋转…
{"title":"Finite Element Modeling (FEM) vs. Simplified Force-Based Methods for Rigid Retaining Walls Under Earthquake Excitation","authors":"V. R. Annapareddy, A. Pain","doi":"10.1142/s1793431121500202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431121500202","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of conventional rigid retaining wall under harmonic and transient ground motions is evaluated using three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations. Rotation of wall about the bas...","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"16 1","pages":"2150020"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80946631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.1142/s1793431121500160
Jui‐Liang Lin, Te-Kuang Chow, Chao‐Hsien Li, Y. Yeh
This study looks at the influence of plan-asymmetric properties on seismic performance of steel framed buildings by means of a comparative study. The seismic fragility curves of a symmetrical nine-story steel framed building and three asymmetric-plan buildings, which are the variations of the mentioned symmetrical building, are constructed through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The three asymmetric-plan buildings are torsionally stiff (TS), torsionally similarly stiff (TSS), and torsionally flexible (TF) buildings, respectively. The considered plan-asymmetric properties are eccentricity ratio and uncoupled frequency ratio. A comparative study of three damage states (DS) including immediate occupancy (IO), collapse prevention (CP), and global instability (GI) of the four buildings is conducted. The results show that in terms of slight damage, both the symmetrical building and the TSS building perform better. In terms of severe damage and collapse, the symmetrical building obviously outperforms the other three asymmetric-plan buildings. In addition, the TF building always performs the worst regardless of the DSs.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Seismic Performance of Steel Framed Buildings with Varied Plan-Asymmetric Properties","authors":"Jui‐Liang Lin, Te-Kuang Chow, Chao‐Hsien Li, Y. Yeh","doi":"10.1142/s1793431121500160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793431121500160","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks at the influence of plan-asymmetric properties on seismic performance of steel framed buildings by means of a comparative study. The seismic fragility curves of a symmetrical nine-story steel framed building and three asymmetric-plan buildings, which are the variations of the mentioned symmetrical building, are constructed through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The three asymmetric-plan buildings are torsionally stiff (TS), torsionally similarly stiff (TSS), and torsionally flexible (TF) buildings, respectively. The considered plan-asymmetric properties are eccentricity ratio and uncoupled frequency ratio. A comparative study of three damage states (DS) including immediate occupancy (IO), collapse prevention (CP), and global instability (GI) of the four buildings is conducted. The results show that in terms of slight damage, both the symmetrical building and the TSS building perform better. In terms of severe damage and collapse, the symmetrical building obviously outperforms the other three asymmetric-plan buildings. In addition, the TF building always performs the worst regardless of the DSs.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"113 1","pages":"2150016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77247436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500184
S. Demir, M. Günaydın, Barbaros Atmaca, A. Altunışık, M. Hüsem, S. Adanur, Zekai Angın, Ş. Ateş
A great number of reinforced concrete building structures were damaged or collapsed during the earthquake that hit Sivrice district of Elazig city located in the southwest of the Eastern Anatolia R...
在东安纳托利亚共和国西南部埃拉泽市西弗里斯区发生的地震中，大量钢筋混凝土建筑结构受损或倒塌。
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Buildings During the Sivrice-Elazığ Earthquake (Mw=6.8, January 24, 2020) in Accordance with Turkish Earthquake Code","authors":"S. Demir, M. Günaydın, Barbaros Atmaca, A. Altunışık, M. Hüsem, S. Adanur, Zekai Angın, Ş. Ateş","doi":"10.1142/S1793431121500184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431121500184","url":null,"abstract":"A great number of reinforced concrete building structures were damaged or collapsed during the earthquake that hit Sivrice district of Elazig city located in the southwest of the Eastern Anatolia R...","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"2 1","pages":"2150018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80939613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-16DOI: 10.1142/S179343112150024X
Lu Yang, Feng Shengming, Gong Wei-ming, Dai Guo-liang, Zhao Xueliang
The unconnected piles–caisson foundation (UPCF) consists of gravity caisson, mattress, and pile group. This foundation has been an attractive design for the mattress as it can reduce the seismic loads applied on the superstructure. However, a lack of understanding regarding its seismic behavior has hindered the application of this type of foundation. This paper reports on a series of slow cyclic tests (SCTs) conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of the UPCF. Six tests were conducted on model foundations on dry sand with the variables of mattress material, mattress thickness, vertical safety factor, and ground improvement. The experimental schemes, including the model design, the instrumentation, and the loading scheme, are illustrated in detail. The test results show that a large amount of energy was dissipated through the mattress during dynamic loading. With increasing loading displacement, the shear stiffness of these models decreased to a stable value. An empirical equation for the stiffness and loading displacement is developed. Below a drift ratio of 0.6%, there is no evident difference in the dynamic behavior of the foundation. After that, the aseismic behavior of the foundation depends on the mattress material, the mattress thickness, and the vertical pressure and is affected by the earthquake intensity and frequency.
{"title":"Seismic Behavior of Unconnected Piles–Caisson Foundation Using Slow Cyclic Tests","authors":"Lu Yang, Feng Shengming, Gong Wei-ming, Dai Guo-liang, Zhao Xueliang","doi":"10.1142/S179343112150024X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S179343112150024X","url":null,"abstract":"The unconnected piles–caisson foundation (UPCF) consists of gravity caisson, mattress, and pile group. This foundation has been an attractive design for the mattress as it can reduce the seismic loads applied on the superstructure. However, a lack of understanding regarding its seismic behavior has hindered the application of this type of foundation. This paper reports on a series of slow cyclic tests (SCTs) conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of the UPCF. Six tests were conducted on model foundations on dry sand with the variables of mattress material, mattress thickness, vertical safety factor, and ground improvement. The experimental schemes, including the model design, the instrumentation, and the loading scheme, are illustrated in detail. The test results show that a large amount of energy was dissipated through the mattress during dynamic loading. With increasing loading displacement, the shear stiffness of these models decreased to a stable value. An empirical equation for the stiffness and loading displacement is developed. Below a drift ratio of 0.6%, there is no evident difference in the dynamic behavior of the foundation. After that, the aseismic behavior of the foundation depends on the mattress material, the mattress thickness, and the vertical pressure and is affected by the earthquake intensity and frequency.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74319893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-16DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500251
H. Karaca
In seismic hazard studies, simulation techniques are exploited relatively less compared to other statistical methods. The main purposes of their use were merely scientific: either to reduce uncertainty in seismic hazard or to test the consistency of a forecast. Its limited exploitation in the field does not mean that the method could not be exploited further. Given sufficient data and with the right models, a full-scale simulation is possible, which in fact becomes a forecast with future timing, location and magnitude of future events are simulated. Within this context, the main purpose of this study is to layout a method to create a full scale simulation with all the parameters namely the time, location and magnitude of an earthquake is simulated. For that purpose, in addition to the main parameters defining past seismic patterns, namely the temporal, spatial, magnitude distributions, the combined spatio-magnitude distribution is also modeled. As another improvement compared to the current procedures, occurrence date is assigned to the simulated event according to the inter-event time distribution, which enhances the simulation procedure. The eventual temporal distribution and the associated earthquake rates are checked with the original earthquake rate for its consistency. In the end, a simulation procedure, which can also be used as a forecast model is developed to improve the existing procedures further.
{"title":"Seismicity Simulation and a Forecast Model Based on Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques and Performance of Distribution Models","authors":"H. Karaca","doi":"10.1142/S1793431121500251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431121500251","url":null,"abstract":"In seismic hazard studies, simulation techniques are exploited relatively less compared to other statistical methods. The main purposes of their use were merely scientific: either to reduce uncertainty in seismic hazard or to test the consistency of a forecast. Its limited exploitation in the field does not mean that the method could not be exploited further. Given sufficient data and with the right models, a full-scale simulation is possible, which in fact becomes a forecast with future timing, location and magnitude of future events are simulated. Within this context, the main purpose of this study is to layout a method to create a full scale simulation with all the parameters namely the time, location and magnitude of an earthquake is simulated. For that purpose, in addition to the main parameters defining past seismic patterns, namely the temporal, spatial, magnitude distributions, the combined spatio-magnitude distribution is also modeled. As another improvement compared to the current procedures, occurrence date is assigned to the simulated event according to the inter-event time distribution, which enhances the simulation procedure. The eventual temporal distribution and the associated earthquake rates are checked with the original earthquake rate for its consistency. In the end, a simulation procedure, which can also be used as a forecast model is developed to improve the existing procedures further.","PeriodicalId":50213,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84043638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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