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Active fault-tolerant control and performance simulation of electric vehicle suspension based on improved algorithms 基于改进算法的电动汽车悬架主动容错控制和性能模拟
Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6146
Caiyuan Xiao
Based on the semi-active suspension controller of an automobile, the control law can be adjusted based on the control law reorganization idea, and the active fault-tolerant controller of the semi-active suspension is designed to make the fault closed loop system and the fault-free suspension semi-active suspension. Active suspension closed-loop systems have the same closed-loop pole or proximity system performance. Bench test and simulation results show that: the fault suspension under the control of the active fault-tolerant controller lags behind its performance level after some time and can quickly recover to the same performance as the fault-free automotive semi-active suspension level. And the simulation test and bench test results are basically consistent. Based on the concept of control law reorganization to design the active fault-tolerant control strategy of semi-active suspension, it can effectively realize the active fault-tolerant control of the semi-active suspension of the vehicle to improve the suspension control quality and reliability, and optimize the suspension design.
基于汽车半主动悬架控制器,可根据控制律重组思想调整控制律,设计出半主动悬架的主动容错控制器,使故障闭环系统和无故障悬架成为半主动悬架。主动悬架闭环系统具有相同的闭环极点或接近系统性能。台架试验和仿真结果表明:在主动容错控制器控制下的故障悬架在一段时间后会落后于其性能水平,并能迅速恢复到与无故障汽车半主动悬架相同的性能水平。而且仿真测试和台架测试结果基本一致。基于控制律重组理念设计的半主动悬架主动容错控制策略,可有效实现汽车半主动悬架的主动容错控制,提高悬架控制质量和可靠性,优化悬架设计。
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引用次数: 0
Provision for Energy: A Resource Allocation Problem in Federated Learning for Edge Systems 能源供应:边缘系统联合学习中的资源分配问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6503
Mingyue Liu, L. Rajamanickam, Rajamohan Parthasarathy
The article explores an energy-efficient method for allocating transmission and computation resources for federated learning (FL) on wireless communication networks.  The model being considered involves each user training a local FL model using their limited local computing resources and the data they have collected.   These local models are then transmitted to a base station, where they are aggregated and broadcast back to all users.  The level of accuracy in learning, as well as computation and communication latency, are determined by the exchange of models between users and the base station.  Throughout the FL process, energy consumption for both local computation and transmission must be taken into account.   Given the limited energy resources of wireless users, the communication problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the goal of minimizing overall system energy consumption while meeting a latency requirement. To address this problem, we propose an iterative algorithm that takes into account factors such as bandwidth, power, and computational resources.  Results from numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption compared to traditional FL methods up to 51% reduction.
文章探讨了在无线通信网络上为联合学习(FL)分配传输和计算资源的节能方法。 所考虑的模型包括每个用户利用其有限的本地计算资源和所收集的数据训练一个本地 FL 模型。 然后将这些本地模型传输到基站,在基站进行汇总并向所有用户广播。 用户与基站之间的模型交换决定了学习的精确度以及计算和通信延迟。 在整个 FL 过程中,必须考虑本地计算和传输的能耗。 鉴于无线用户的能源资源有限,通信问题被表述为一个优化问题,其目标是在满足延迟要求的同时最大限度地减少整个系统的能耗。为解决这一问题,我们提出了一种考虑带宽、功率和计算资源等因素的迭代算法。 数值模拟的结果表明,与传统的 FL 方法相比,所提出的算法可将能耗降低 51%。
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引用次数: 0
Optimized Energy Efficient- Hierarchical Clustering Based Routing (OEE-HCR) For Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) 面向无线传感器网络(WSN)的基于分层聚类的优化能效路由(OEE-HCR)
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6504
G. Sophia Reena, S. Nithya
The study into Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has grown more crucial as a result of the many Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Energy – Harvesting (EH) technology can extend the lifespan of WSN; however, because the nodes would be difficult to get to during energy harvesting, an energy-efficient routing protocol should be developed. The use of clustering in this study balances energy consumption across all Sensor Node (SN) and reduces traffic and overhead throughout the data transmission phases of WSN. Cluster Head (CH) selection step of the Optimized Energy Efficient-Hierarchical Clustering Based Routing (OEE-HCR) technique involves sending data to the closest CH. In order to analyse and transmit each cluster data, CH will need to use more energy, which will hasten and asymmetrically deplete the network. Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) algorithm is introduced for the best number of clusters formation with dynamically selecting the CH. Experimentation analysis, results are measured using First Node Dead (FND), the Half Node Dead (HND), Last Node Dead (LND), and Maximum Lifetime Coverage (MLC) at the time of number of data transmission rounds performed in routing algorithms.
由于物联网(IoT)的大量应用,对无线传感器网络(WSN)的研究变得越来越重要。能量收集(EH)技术可以延长 WSN 的使用寿命;但是,由于在能量收集过程中很难找到节点,因此应该开发一种高能效的路由协议。本研究中使用的聚类技术可平衡所有传感器节点(SN)的能量消耗,并减少 WSN 整个数据传输阶段的流量和开销。基于优化高能效分层聚类路由(OEE-HCR)技术的簇头(CH)选择步骤包括向最近的 CH 发送数据。为了分析和传输每个簇的数据,CH 需要消耗更多能量,这将加速网络的非对称损耗。鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)可动态选择 CH,从而获得最佳簇数。通过实验分析,在路由算法执行数据传输轮数时,使用首节点死亡(FND)、半节点死亡(HND)、最后节点死亡(LND)和最大寿命覆盖率(MLC)测量结果。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Aware On-Demand Routing Protocol Scheme of DSR Protocol (EAORP) DSR 协议的能量感知按需路由协议方案(EAORP)
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6500
Hatem Sunni Tarus, Rajamohan Partharathy
Recently, there has been a need for connectivity in places with no infrastructure. In order to meet this need, new technology known as MANET is used to fulfil the market demand. Despite the many benefits that MANET will provide, a number of shortcomings still need to be further studied, especially the energy consumption problems, that stand in the way of not allowing widespread acceptance of this technology. Because wireless devices use batteries with a finite amount of power, energy efficiency in these networks becomes a concern. In this paper, we present a design of energy aware on-demand routing protocol (EAORP), a new energy efficient algorithm that aims to overcome the shortcomings of DSR and provide a scalable traffic based and energy aware routing algorithm which aims to address energy issues in DSR by making it more aware and sensitive to nodes' energy, traffic loads, and transmission power management.
最近,人们需要在没有基础设施的地方建立连接。为了满足这一需求,被称为城域网的新技术被用来满足市场需求。尽管城域网将带来许多好处,但仍有许多不足之处需要进一步研究,特别是能源消耗问题,这些问题阻碍了这项技术被广泛接受。由于无线设备使用的电池电量有限,因此这些网络的能效成为一个令人担忧的问题。本文提出了一种新的高能效算法--能量感知按需路由协议(EAORP)的设计,旨在克服 DSR 的缺点,提供一种可扩展的基于流量和能量感知的路由算法,通过使其对节点能量、流量负载和传输功率管理更加感知和敏感来解决 DSR 中的能量问题。
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引用次数: 0
Switched capacitor voltage boost converter for BLDC motor speed control of electric vehicles 用于电动汽车 BLDC 电机速度控制的开关电容器升压转换器
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6036
Srinivasan P, M. K, Roshan M, Nissy Joseph
BLDC motors are extensively used in various industries, including CNC machine tools, industrial robots, and electric vehicles. Because of their compact size, high efficiency, high torque-to-power ratios, and low maintenance requirements due to their brushless operation, BLDC motors are the backbone of many industrial automation systems. However, they pose significant challenges when it comes to speed control. In this study, the speed of BLDC motors is controlled by PI-based speed controllers. In the described method, the BLDC motor is commutated using Hall Effect sensors. A proposed approach uses PI to regulate the speed of BLDC motors in an open-loop PWM method. The speed-controlled BLDC motor is analysed using MATLAB/simulink. The hardware of the proposed system is also implemented.
无刷直流电机广泛应用于各行各业,包括数控机床、工业机器人和电动汽车。无刷直流电机体积小、效率高、扭矩功率比大,而且无刷运行维护要求低,因此成为许多工业自动化系统的支柱。然而,它们在速度控制方面却面临着巨大的挑战。在本研究中,无刷直流电机的速度由基于 PI 的速度控制器控制。在所述方法中,BLDC 电机使用霍尔效应传感器进行换向。所提出的方法使用 PI 以开环 PWM 方法调节 BLDC 电机的速度。使用 MATLAB/simulink对调速无刷直流电机进行了分析。还实现了拟议系统的硬件。
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引用次数: 0
Revolutionizing Cloud Resource Allocation: Harnessing Layer-Optimized Long Short-Term Memory for Energy-Efficient Predictive Resource Management 变革云资源分配:利用层优化的长短时记忆实现高能效预测性资源管理
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6505
Prathigadapa Sireesha, Vishnu Priyan S, M. Govindarajan, Sounder Rajan, V. Rajakumareswaran
INTRODUCTION: This is the introductory text. Accurate data center resource projection will be challenging due to the dynamic and constantly changing workloads of multi-tenant co-hosted applications. Resource Management in the Cloud (RMC) becomes a significant research component. In the cloud's easy service option, users can choose to pay a fixed sum or based on the amount of time. OBJECTIVES: The main goal of this study is systematic method for estimating future cloud resource requirements based on historical consumption. Resource distribution to users, who require a variety of resources, is one of cloud computing main objective in this study. METHODS: This article suggests a Layer optimized based Long Short-Term Memory (LOLSTM) to estimate the resource requirements for upcoming time slots. This model also detects SLA violations when the QoS value exceeds the dynamic threshold value, and it then proposes the proper countermeasures based on the risk involved with the violation. RESULTS: Results indicate that in terms of training and validation the accuracy is 97.6%, 95.9% respectively, RMSE and MAD shows error rate 0.127 and 0.107, The proposed method has a minimal training and validation loss at epoch 100 are 0.6092 and 0.5828, respectively. So, the suggested technique performed better than the current techniques. CONCLUSION: In this work, the resource requirements for future time slots are predicted using LOLSTM technique. It regularizes the weights of the network and avoids overfitting. In addition, the proposed work also takes necessary actions if the SLA violation is recognized by the model. Overall, the proposed work in this study shows better performance compared to the existing methods.
简介:这是一篇介绍性文章。由于多租户共同托管应用程序的工作负载动态且不断变化,准确预测数据中心资源将面临挑战。云中的资源管理(RMC)成为重要的研究内容。在云的简易服务选项中,用户可以选择支付固定金额或基于时间量的费用。目标:本研究的主要目标是基于历史消耗量估算未来云资源需求的系统方法。向需要各种资源的用户分配资源是本研究的云计算主要目标之一。方法:本文提出了一种基于层优化的长短期记忆(LOLSTM)来估算未来时段的资源需求。该模型还能在服务质量值超过动态阈值时检测出违反服务水平协议的行为,然后根据违反行为所涉及的风险提出适当的应对措施。结果:结果表明,在训练和验证方面,准确率分别为 97.6%和 95.9%,RMSE 和 MAD 显示误差率分别为 0.127 和 0.107。因此,建议的技术比现有技术表现更好。结论:在这项工作中,使用 LOLSTM 技术预测了未来时隙的资源需求。它对网络权重进行了正则化处理,避免了过度拟合。此外,如果模型识别出违反服务水平协议的情况,提议的工作也会采取必要的措施。总体而言,与现有方法相比,本研究中提出的工作显示出更好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Electricity Consumption Classification using Various Machine Learning Models 使用各种机器学习模型进行用电分类
Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6274
Dr. Bijay Paikaray, Swarna Prabha Jena, Jayanta Mondal, Nguyen Van Thuan, Nguyen Trong Tung, Chandrakant Mallick
INTRODUCTION: As population has increased over successive generations, human dependency on electricity has increased to the point where it has become a norm and indispensable, and the idea of living without it has become unthinkable.OBJECTIVES: Machine learning is emerging as a fundamental method for performing tasks autonomously without human intervention. Forecasting electricity consumption is challenging due to the many factors that influence it; embracing modern technology with its heavy focus on machine learning and artificial intelligence is a potential solution.METHODS: This study employs various machine learning algorithms to forecast power usage and determine which method performs best in predicting the dataset based on different variables.RESULTS: Eight models were tested, including Linear Regression, DT Classifier, RF Classifier, KNN, DT Regression, SVM, Logistic Regression, and GNB Classifier. The Decision Tree model had the greatest accuracy of 98.3%.CONCLUSION: The Decision Tree model’s accuracy can facilitate efficient use of electricity, leading to both conservation of electricity and cost savings, and be a guiding light in future planning.
引言:随着人口一代代增加,人类对电力的依赖程度也在不断提高,电力已成为一种常态和不可或缺的东西,没有电力的生活已变得不可想象:机器学习正在成为一种无需人工干预即可自主执行任务的基本方法。由于影响用电量的因素很多,因此预测用电量具有挑战性;采用以机器学习和人工智能为重点的现代技术是一种潜在的解决方案。方法:本研究采用各种机器学习算法预测用电量,并根据不同变量确定哪种方法在预测数据集方面表现最佳。结果:测试了八个模型,包括线性回归、DT 分类器、RF 分类器、KNN、DT 回归、SVM、逻辑回归和 GNB 分类器。结论:决策树模型的准确性可促进电力的有效利用,从而达到节约用电和降低成本的目的,并为未来规划提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Based Intelligent Management System for Energy Storage Using Computing Application 基于机器学习的智能管理系统:利用计算应用实现储能
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.4108/ew.6272
B. Panigrahi, R. K. Kanna, Pragyan Paramita Das, S. Sahoo, Tanusree Dutta
INTRODUCTION: Cloud computing, a still emerging technology,  allows customers to pay for services based on usage. It provides internet-based services, whilst virtualization optimizes a PC’s available resources. OBJECTIVES: The foundation of cloud computing is the data center, comprising networked computers, cables, electricity components, and various other elements that host and store corporate data. In cloud data centres, high performance has always been a critical concern, but this often comes at the cost of increased energy consumption. METHODS: The most problematic factor is reducing power consumption while maintaining service quality and performance to balance system efficiency and energy use. Our proposed approach requires a comprehensive understanding of energy usage patterns within the cloud environment. RESULTS: We examined power consumption trends to demonstrate that with the application of the right optimization principles based on energy consumption models, significant energy savings can be made in cloud data centers. During the prediction phase, tablet optimization, with its 97 % accuracy rate, enables more accurate future cost forecasts. CONCLUSION: Energy consumption is a major concern for cloud data centers. To handle incoming requests with the fewest resources possible, given the increasing demand and widespread adoption of cloud computing, it is essential to maintain effective and efficient data center strategies.
简介:云计算是一项新兴技术,允许客户根据使用情况支付服务费用。它提供基于互联网的服务,而虚拟化则优化了个人电脑的可用资源。目标:云计算的基础是数据中心:云计算的基础是数据中心,由联网计算机、电缆、电力元件以及托管和存储企业数据的其他各种元件组成。在云数据中心,高性能一直是一个关键问题,但这往往以增加能耗为代价。方法:最棘手的问题是在保持服务质量和性能的同时降低能耗,以平衡系统效率和能源使用。我们提出的方法需要全面了解云环境中的能源使用模式。结果:我们研究了功耗趋势,证明在能耗模型的基础上应用正确的优化原则,可以在云数据中心实现显著的节能。在预测阶段,平板电脑优化以其 97% 的准确率实现了更准确的未来成本预测。结论:能耗是云数据中心的一个主要问题。鉴于云计算需求的不断增长和广泛采用,要以尽可能少的资源处理接收到的请求,就必须保持有效和高效的数据中心策略。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Algorithm Driven Intelligent Management and Control Technology for Future Power Grid 面向未来电网的算法驱动智能管理与控制技术研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.4108/ew.5824
Jun Li, Qi Fu, Pei Ruan
An ever-more crucial architecture for both present and future electrical systems is a Power Grid (PG) that spans multiple areas comprising interlinked transmission lines, which may effectively reallocate energy resources on an extensive level. Preserving system equilibrium and increasing operating earnings are largely dependent on how the PG dispatches power using a variety of resources. The optimization techniques used to solve this dispatch issue today are not capable of making decisions or optimizing online; instead, they require doing the entire optimization computation at every dispatch instant. Herein, a novel Mutable Galaxy-based Search-tuned Flexible Deep Convolutional Neural Network (MGS-FDCNN) is presented as an online solution to targeted coordinated dispatch challenges in future PG. System optimization can be achieved using this strategy using only past operational data. First, a numerical model of the targeted coordination dispatch issue is created. Next, to solve the optimization challenges, we construct the MGS optimization approach. The effectiveness and accessibility of the suggested MGS-FDCNN approach are validated by the presentation of experimental data relying on the IEEE test bus network.
电网(PG)是当前和未来电力系统中一个日益重要的架构,它由相互连接的输电线路组成,横跨多个地区,可以有效地重新分配广泛的能源资源。保持系统平衡和提高运营收益在很大程度上取决于电网如何利用各种资源调度电力。目前用于解决这一调度问题的优化技术无法进行在线决策或优化,而是需要在每个调度瞬间进行整个优化计算。在此,我们提出了一种新颖的基于可变银河系搜索调整的灵活深度卷积神经网络(MGS-FDCNN),作为一种在线解决方案,以应对未来 PG 中有针对性的协调调度挑战。利用这一策略,只需使用过去的运行数据即可实现系统优化。首先,创建目标协调调度问题的数值模型。接下来,为了解决优化难题,我们构建了 MGS 优化方法。基于 IEEE 测试总线网络的实验数据验证了所建议的 MGS-FDCNN 方法的有效性和易用性。
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引用次数: 0
A jamming power control game with unknown user’s communication metric 用户通信指标未知的干扰功率控制博弈
Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.4108/ew.5991
A. Garnaev, W. Trappe
We consider a jamming problem in which a jammer aims to degrade a user’s communication in which the user might differ in applied applications or communication purposes. Such differences are reflected by different communication metrics used by the user. Specifically, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is used as a metric to reflect regular data transmission purposes. Meanwhile, as another metric, latency, modeled by the inverse SINR, is used to reflect emergency communication purposes. We consider the most difficult scenario for the jammer where it does not know which application (metric) the user employs. The problem is formulated as a Bayesian game. Equilibrium is found in closed form, and the dependence of equilibrium on network parameters is illustrated.
我们考虑了一个干扰问题,在这个问题中,干扰者的目的是削弱用户的通信,而用户可能在应用或通信目的上存在差异。用户使用的不同通信指标反映了这种差异。具体来说,信号干扰加噪声比(SINR)被用作反映常规数据传输目的的指标。同时,以 SINR 反比为模型的延迟作为另一个指标,用于反映紧急通信目的。我们考虑了对干扰者来说最困难的情况,即干扰者不知道用户使用的是哪种应用(指标)。该问题被表述为贝叶斯博弈。我们以封闭形式找到了平衡点,并说明了平衡点对网络参数的依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web
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