Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106877
Hao Fu , Zaixian Chen , Qiang Ma
A Transformer-PGA network was developed for real-time peak ground acceleration (PGA) prediction of on-site earthquake early warning in China. It was designed to reduce magnitude saturation and to correct the underestimation of strong ground motion in current on-site earthquake early warning methods. A dataset of 6181 three-component ground motion records in China was used. Twenty-eight ground motion parameters were extracted from 0.5 to 50 s after P-wave arrival to train the model. Arias intensity, the average of the top ten peak velocities, and P-wave acceleration were identified as the dominant parameters. Arias’ intensity had an average sensitivity index of about 0.4. Three sub-models were derived with 12, 6, and 3 optimized input parameters. The Transformer-PGA model had a STD of 0.569 at 3 s, outperforming the Pd model (0.743) in reducing PGA underestimation. The sub-models retained over 97 % of the full model’s explained variance as measured by R2. Compared with the LSTM model, the Transformer-PGA model showed higher prediction accuracy and produced earlier warnings. Typical warning times were 3 s for Transformer-PGA and 5 s for the LSTM model. For operational use, a dual threshold warning scheme is proposed. An initial alert is issued at 3 s to balance timeliness and accuracy. A refined report is issued at 10 s. In extreme cases, 1 s alerts are provided for emergency response. By combining a Transformer architecture with sensitivity-driven parameter optimization, improvements were made in accuracy, timeliness, and interpretability of real-time PGA prediction for earthquake early warning in China.
{"title":"Real-time prediction of peak ground acceleration for on-site earthquake early warning in China via Interpretable deep learning","authors":"Hao Fu , Zaixian Chen , Qiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Transformer-PGA network was developed for real-time peak ground acceleration (PGA) prediction of on-site earthquake early warning in China. It was designed to reduce magnitude saturation and to correct the underestimation of strong ground motion in current on-site earthquake early warning methods. A dataset of 6181 three-component ground motion records in China was used. Twenty-eight ground motion parameters were extracted from 0.5 to 50 s after P-wave arrival to train the model. Arias intensity, the average of the top ten peak velocities, and P-wave acceleration were identified as the dominant parameters. Arias’ intensity had an average sensitivity index of about 0.4. Three sub-models were derived with 12, 6, and 3 optimized input parameters. The Transformer-PGA model had a STD of 0.569 at 3 s, outperforming the <em>P</em><sub>d</sub> model (0.743) in reducing PGA underestimation. The sub-models retained over 97 % of the full model’s explained variance as measured by R<sup>2</sup>. Compared with the LSTM model, the Transformer-PGA model showed higher prediction accuracy and produced earlier warnings. Typical warning times were 3 s for Transformer-PGA and 5 s for the LSTM model. For operational use, a dual threshold warning scheme is proposed. An initial alert is issued at 3 s to balance timeliness and accuracy. A refined report is issued at 10 s. In extreme cases, 1 s alerts are provided for emergency response. By combining a Transformer architecture with sensitivity-driven parameter optimization, improvements were made in accuracy, timeliness, and interpretability of real-time PGA prediction for earthquake early warning in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 106877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106874
Lida Xing , Qiyan Chen , Hendrik Klein , W. Scott Persons IV , Donghao Wang , Qi Qi
The Sichuan-Yunnan Basin in southwestern China represents a region of global significance for Early- to Mid-Jurassic tetrapod fossils. The area is home to a renowned assemblage of saurischian body fossils in the Lufeng and Shaximiao formations, and also has rich track records that, compared with the former, are broader in spatial and chronological scope. Of these, the upper Lower Jurassic Ma’anshan Member of the Ziliujing Formation contains the most abundant and diverse track records in Guizhou Province. This paper presents the discovery of dinosaur tracks from the Wucha sites, including those belonging to cf. Parabrontopodus, cf. Liujianpus, Anomoepus isp., and Grallator. Unusual are didactyl tracks, which exhibit some affinities to Cretaceous deinonychosaurians, based solely on their morphology. But detailed analysis suggests that they are possible punting or running traces produced by non-didactyl trackmakers. Furthermore, the stratigraphic age of the Wucha didactyl tracks is much older if compared to the lower temporal range of Deinonychosauria.
{"title":"Early Jurassic didactyl tracks and the related dinosaur ichnofauna in the southern Yangtze Block, Guizhou, SW China","authors":"Lida Xing , Qiyan Chen , Hendrik Klein , W. Scott Persons IV , Donghao Wang , Qi Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sichuan-Yunnan Basin in southwestern China represents a region of global significance for Early- to Mid-Jurassic tetrapod fossils. The area is home to a renowned assemblage of saurischian body fossils in the Lufeng and Shaximiao formations, and also has rich track records that, compared with the former, are broader in spatial and chronological scope. Of these, the upper Lower Jurassic Ma’anshan Member of the Ziliujing Formation contains the most abundant and diverse track records in Guizhou Province. This paper presents the discovery of dinosaur tracks from the Wucha sites, including those belonging to cf. <em>Parabrontopodus</em>, cf. <em>Liujianpus</em>, <em>Anomoepus</em> isp., and <em>Grallator</em>. Unusual are didactyl tracks, which exhibit some affinities to Cretaceous deinonychosaurians, based solely on their morphology. But detailed analysis suggests that they are possible punting or running traces produced by non-didactyl trackmakers. Furthermore, the stratigraphic age of the Wucha didactyl tracks is much older if compared to the lower temporal range of Deinonychosauria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 106874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106875
Liuqing Jiang , Wei Li , Biao Peng , Haitao Jin , Le Zhang , Zhenwei Feng
The Weihe Graben, a Cenozoic rift system at the Ordos-Qinling tectonic boundary in East Asia, provides critical insights into intracontinental extension mechanisms, with debate continuing among three models: simple shear via detachment faulting, pure shear through distributed crustal thinning, and a hybrid early pure/late simple shear transition. To resolve this, we conducted 11 scaled analog experiments simulating end-member pure shear (basal stretching) and simple shear (detachment-driven) regimes, testing variables such as extension rate, extension direction, basement heterogeneity, and synkinematic sedimentation. Pure shear systems develop basins bounded by pre-existing basement structures (unaffected by listric faults), with homogeneous basements generating domino/conjugate faults and heterogeneous basements forming graben-horst-graben systems. Oblique extension induces en echelon depressions, and a slower extension rate corresponds to reduced subsidence thickness. In contrast, simple shear systems exhibit three kinematic domains: (i) rolling anticlines, (ii) secondary grabens, and (iii) horizontal translation zones, with basin architecture insensitive to basement variations or extension direction. Synkinematic sedimentation and the sand-to-mud ratio moderately enhanced basin evolution. Comparing natural structures indicates that the half-graben structures in the Weihe Graben were controlled by listric faults, and the en echelon distribution of the Xi’an and Gushi depressions resulted from oblique extension under a pure shear mechanism. Controlled by oblique extension, en echelon faults developed along its northern margin, accompanied by two en echelon depressions. Influenced by the relatively cold and rigid basement, these depressions are distributed around the Lishan area, where listric faults are well-developed. A decreased extension rate further enhanced the localization.
{"title":"Cenozoic extension mechanism of the Weihe Graben, central China: constraints from analog modeling","authors":"Liuqing Jiang , Wei Li , Biao Peng , Haitao Jin , Le Zhang , Zhenwei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Weihe Graben, a Cenozoic rift system at the Ordos-Qinling tectonic boundary in East Asia, provides critical insights into intracontinental extension mechanisms, with debate continuing among three models: simple shear via detachment faulting, pure shear through distributed crustal thinning, and a hybrid early pure/late simple shear transition. To resolve this, we conducted 11 scaled analog experiments simulating end-member pure shear (basal stretching) and simple shear (detachment-driven) regimes, testing variables such as extension rate, extension direction, basement heterogeneity, and synkinematic sedimentation. Pure shear systems develop basins bounded by pre-existing basement structures (unaffected by listric faults), with homogeneous basements generating domino/conjugate faults and heterogeneous basements forming graben-horst-graben systems. Oblique extension induces en echelon depressions, and a slower extension rate corresponds to reduced subsidence thickness. In contrast, simple shear systems exhibit three kinematic domains: (i) rolling anticlines, (ii) secondary grabens, and (iii) horizontal translation zones, with basin architecture insensitive to basement variations or extension direction. Synkinematic sedimentation and the sand-to-mud ratio moderately enhanced basin evolution. Comparing natural structures indicates that the half-graben structures in the Weihe Graben were controlled by listric faults, and the en echelon distribution of the Xi’an and Gushi depressions resulted from oblique extension under a pure shear mechanism. Controlled by oblique extension, en echelon faults developed along its northern margin, accompanied by two en echelon depressions. Influenced by the relatively cold and rigid basement, these depressions are distributed around the Lishan area, where listric faults are well-developed. A decreased extension rate further enhanced the localization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 106875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106872
Ziyang Zhang, Tao Chen, Aixia Dou, Peng Liang
Fault scarps are key tectonic landforms for studying paleoearthquake events. This study utilized high − resolution LiDAR data and the curvature template matching algorithm to analyze fault scarps and surface rupture zones along the western Laohushan Fault, northern Tibetan Plateau. Optimized through binary classification and evaluation metrics (accuracy, ROC curves, Cohen’s Kappa), the method identified a 500 m template window size and a median Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold of 46 dB as optimal for distinguishing tectonic features. A rupture zone width of 150 m yielded the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Cohen’s Kappa values, validated by field surveys and seismic array reflections. Challenges included false positives from complex topography and human modifications (e.g., river terraces, roads). This work demonstrated the potential of LiDAR and automated algorithms for fault scarp detection, enhancing seismic hazard assessment and fault zone mapping. Future research should focus on adaptive thresholding, advanced scarp degradation models, and multimodal data integration. The findings provided critical insights into the geometry and activity of the Laohushan Fault, supporting seismic risk mitigation and infrastructure planning in this region.
{"title":"High-Resolution LiDAR-based fault scarp identification and rupture zone analysis: a case study of the Laohushan Fault, northern Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Ziyang Zhang, Tao Chen, Aixia Dou, Peng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault scarps are key tectonic landforms for studying paleoearthquake events. This study utilized high − resolution LiDAR data and the curvature template matching algorithm to analyze fault scarps and surface rupture zones along the western Laohushan Fault, northern Tibetan Plateau. Optimized through binary classification and evaluation metrics (accuracy, ROC curves, Cohen’s Kappa), the method identified a 500 m template window size and a median Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold of 46 dB as optimal for distinguishing tectonic features. A rupture zone width of 150 m yielded the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Cohen’s Kappa values, validated by field surveys and seismic array reflections. Challenges included false positives from complex topography and human modifications (e.g., river terraces, roads). This work demonstrated the potential of LiDAR and automated algorithms for fault scarp detection, enhancing seismic hazard assessment and fault zone mapping. Future research should focus on adaptive thresholding, advanced scarp degradation models, and multimodal data integration. The findings provided critical insights into the geometry and activity of the Laohushan Fault, supporting seismic risk mitigation and infrastructure planning in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 106872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Lalong Dome serves as an ideal window for deciphering magmatic evolution and rare metal mineralization in the Himalayan metallogenic belt. To investigate the magmatic evolution and mineralogical indicators of rare metal mineralization in the leucogranites, this study primarily conducts LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of apatite. Apatite in leucogranites exhibits high ∑REE contents (>3000 ppm), a pronounced REE tetrad effect and significant negative Eu anomalies. Apatite from two-mica granite shows TE1, 3 = 1.10–1.14, Eu* = 0.051–0.065, Sr = 51.92–61.94 ppm. Apatite from muscovite granite shows TE1, 3 = 1.17–1.24, Eu* = 0.004–0.006, Sr = 5.78–7.65 ppm. Apatite from pegmatite shows TE1, 3 = 1.12–1.19, Eu* = 0.006–0.010, Sr = 7.04–9.64 ppm. Apatite from albite granite in the core shows TE1, 3 = 1.15–1.29, Eu* = 0.005–0.008, Sr = 10.20–16.13 ppm, while in the middle unit showing TE1,3 = 1.21–1.32, Eu* = 0.002–0.003, Sr = 5.67–7.61 ppm. From two-mica granite to muscovite granite, albite granite, and pegmatite, the TE1,3 values of apatite gradually increase, while Eu* values and Sr contents gradually decrease. These characteristics indicate that leucogranites are typical high differentiation. Starting from muscovite granite, the pegmatite and albite granite underwent the magmatic-hydrothermal transition stage, reflecting products of highly fractionated magmatic crystallization. The Be-Nb-Ta rare metal mineralization primarily occurred during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition stage, where extensive fluid exsolution from the melt led to the significant Be-Nb-Ta enrichment and mineralization. Based on these findings, four mineralogical indicators of apatite in muscovite granite, albite granite, and pegmatite—high tetrad effect (TE1, 3 > 1.15), extremely low Eu* (<0.01), high Y/Ho (>28), and low Sr (<30 ppm)—provide theoretical guidance for future exploration of new magmatic type Be-Nb-Ta rare metal deposits in the Himalayan metallogenic belt.
{"title":"Be–Nb–Ta metallogenesis in Himalayan leucogranites, China: trace element constraints from apatite in the Lalong Dome","authors":"Jiangang Fu, Guangming Li, Weikang Guo, Suiliang Dong, Linkui Zhang, Yingxu Li, Yanjie Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lalong Dome serves as an ideal window for deciphering magmatic evolution and rare metal mineralization in the Himalayan metallogenic belt. To investigate the magmatic evolution and mineralogical indicators of rare metal mineralization in the leucogranites, this study primarily conducts LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of apatite. Apatite in leucogranites exhibits high ∑REE contents (>3000 ppm), a pronounced REE tetrad effect and significant negative Eu anomalies. Apatite from two-mica granite shows TE1, 3 = 1.10–1.14, Eu* = 0.051–0.065, Sr = 51.92–61.94 ppm. Apatite from muscovite granite shows TE1, 3 = 1.17–1.24, Eu* = 0.004–0.006, Sr = 5.78–7.65 ppm. Apatite from pegmatite shows TE1, 3 = 1.12–1.19, Eu* = 0.006–0.010, Sr = 7.04–9.64 ppm. Apatite from albite granite in the core shows TE1, 3 = 1.15–1.29, Eu* = 0.005–0.008, Sr = 10.20–16.13 ppm, while in the middle unit showing TE1,3 = 1.21–1.32, Eu* = 0.002–0.003, Sr = 5.67–7.61 ppm. From two-mica granite to muscovite granite, albite granite, and pegmatite, the TE1,3 values of apatite gradually increase, while Eu* values and Sr contents gradually decrease. These characteristics indicate that leucogranites are typical high differentiation. Starting from muscovite granite, the pegmatite and albite granite underwent the magmatic-hydrothermal transition stage, reflecting products of highly fractionated magmatic crystallization. The Be-Nb-Ta rare metal mineralization primarily occurred during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition stage, where extensive fluid exsolution from the melt led to the significant Be-Nb-Ta enrichment and mineralization. Based on these findings, four mineralogical indicators of apatite in muscovite granite, albite granite, and pegmatite—high tetrad effect (TE1, 3 > 1.15), extremely low Eu* (<0.01), high Y/Ho (>28), and low Sr (<30 ppm)—provide theoretical guidance for future exploration of new magmatic type Be-Nb-Ta rare metal deposits in the Himalayan metallogenic belt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 106851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106854
Omid Falahatkhah , Behrad Zebhikamand , Abbas Ghaderi , Ali Kadkhodaie , Arthur John Mory , Christian Zeeden
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Response of glacial deposits to astronomical forcing across the Carboniferous-Permian transition in Western Australia with Gzhelian Stage duration and a record of three anoxic events.” [J. Asian Earth Sci. 295 (2026) 106843]","authors":"Omid Falahatkhah , Behrad Zebhikamand , Abbas Ghaderi , Ali Kadkhodaie , Arthur John Mory , Christian Zeeden","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 106854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106871
Neda Tavakoli , Yunpeng Dong , Bo Hui , Ali Reza Davoudian , Nahid Shabanian , Shengsi Sun , Dengfeng He , Feifei Zhang , Franz Neubauer
Crustal recycling and sediment melting as fundamental processes in subduction-related orogenic systems play a crucial role in the petrogenesis of S-type granites and the broader geodynamic evolution of accretionary margins. In the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent (CEIM), various S-type granites have been investigated, offering key constraints on the Jurassic tectonomagmatic evolution associated with Neo-Tethyan subduction. This study presents new zircon U–Pb ages obtained via LA-ICP-MS, coupled with whole-rock geochemical analyses, Sr–Nd isotopic data, and in situ zircon Hf isotope measurements for the Shir-Kuh Batholiths, a peraluminous granitoid complex emplaced within the western Yazd Block of the CEIM, proximal to the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SaSZ). Zircon U–Pb dating constrains the emplacement age to ca. 165–162.5 Ma (Middle Jurassic). The batholith consists of granodiorite, monzogranite, and leucogranite, all characterized by high peraluminosity (ASI > 1.1) and geochemical features suggesting partial melting of metasedimentary sources. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), but depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSE). The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70489–0.70836), negative εNd(t) values (−6.18 to − 1.24), and zircon εHf(t) (−6.3 to + 3.2; TDM2 = 1.0–1.6 Ga) indicate a heterogeneous Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic crustal source, mainly derived from metagreywacke–pelite assemblages with minor contributions from mantle-derived melts. The data support a model where water-fluxed partial melting of plagioclase-rich sediments within a thermally active forearc accretionary wedge, coupled with subduction-related metasomatism in the genesis of S-type granites. These findings provide new insights into the Jurassic tectonomagmatic evolution along the Neo-Tethys margin.
{"title":"Middle Jurassic S-type granites of the Shir-Kuh Batholith, western Yazd Block: Melting of subducted sediments in the Neo-Tethyan forearc setting","authors":"Neda Tavakoli , Yunpeng Dong , Bo Hui , Ali Reza Davoudian , Nahid Shabanian , Shengsi Sun , Dengfeng He , Feifei Zhang , Franz Neubauer","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crustal recycling and sediment melting as fundamental processes in subduction-related orogenic systems play a crucial role in the petrogenesis of S-type granites and the broader geodynamic evolution of accretionary margins. In the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent (CEIM), various S-type granites have been investigated, offering key constraints on the Jurassic tectonomagmatic evolution associated with Neo-Tethyan subduction. This study presents new zircon U–Pb ages obtained via LA-ICP-MS, coupled with whole-rock geochemical analyses, Sr–Nd isotopic data, and in situ zircon Hf isotope measurements for the Shir-Kuh Batholiths, a peraluminous granitoid complex emplaced within the western Yazd Block of the CEIM, proximal to the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SaSZ). Zircon U–Pb dating constrains the emplacement age to ca. 165–162.5 Ma (Middle Jurassic). The batholith consists of granodiorite, monzogranite, and leucogranite, all characterized by high peraluminosity (ASI > 1.1) and geochemical features suggesting partial melting of metasedimentary sources. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), but depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSE). The initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios (0.70489–0.70836), negative ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) values (−6.18 to − 1.24), and zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) (−6.3 to + 3.2; T<sub>DM2</sub> = 1.0–1.6 Ga) indicate a heterogeneous Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic crustal source, mainly derived from metagreywacke–pelite assemblages with minor contributions from mantle-derived melts. The data support a model where water-fluxed partial melting of plagioclase-rich sediments within a thermally active forearc accretionary wedge, coupled with subduction-related metasomatism in the genesis of S-type granites. These findings provide new insights into the Jurassic tectonomagmatic evolution along the Neo-Tethys margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 106871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106869
Weilin Zhu , Zengyuan Zhou , Hefeng Sun , Wenxu Peng , Shijie Zhao , Xiaowei Fu , Kailong Feng
Southeast Asia (SEA) has broad prospects for cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative. The potential of hydrocarbon resources in SEA is discussed by analyzing the basin types, resource endowment differences, and controlling factors of hydrocarbon distribution, along with the recent progress of oil and gas exploration. The results show that convergent continental margin, divergent continental margin, and Continental interior basins in SEA are formed by unidirectional drift, convergence and collision of the Tethys tectonic domain, and hydrocarbon reserves account for 34.24 %, 38.94 % and 26.83 %. Basin type, source rock type and maturity, late structuration, and oil and gas type are the main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment. In the past ten years, the total recoverable hydrocarbon reserves discovered in SEA were approximately 1.54 × 105 mmboe, accounting for 4.8 % of the total reserves discovered in the same period. The newly discovered reserves are characterized by more gas and less oil, with natural gas accounting for 93.2 %, and the areal extent scale of the individual reservoirs is small. The exploration campaign, characterized by a low commercial success rate (10.9 %) and modest average recoverable reserves (16.01 Mmboe per discovery), demonstrated that the stratigraphic trap play concept did not meet expectations. The recoverable resources of hydrocarbons to be discovered in the main basins of SEA are approximately 3.15 × 104 mmboe and 5.07 × 104 mmboe, respectively. The new field of mature basins is the leading force for exploration and reserve increases. The undiscovered hydrocarbon resources are mainly distributed in these areas, especially in the deep-water areas of mature basins.
{"title":"Status and prospect of hydrocarbon resources in Southeast Asian petroliferous basins","authors":"Weilin Zhu , Zengyuan Zhou , Hefeng Sun , Wenxu Peng , Shijie Zhao , Xiaowei Fu , Kailong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Southeast Asia (SEA) has broad prospects for cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative. The potential of hydrocarbon resources in SEA is discussed by analyzing the basin types, resource endowment differences, and controlling factors of hydrocarbon distribution, along with the recent progress of oil and gas exploration. The results show that convergent continental margin, divergent continental margin, and Continental interior basins in SEA are formed by unidirectional drift, convergence and collision of the Tethys tectonic domain, and hydrocarbon reserves account for 34.24 %, 38.94 % and 26.83 %. Basin type, source rock type and maturity, late structuration, and oil and gas type are the main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment. In the past ten years, the total recoverable hydrocarbon reserves discovered in SEA were approximately 1.54 × 10<sup>5</sup> mmboe, accounting for 4.8 % of the total reserves discovered in the same period. The newly discovered reserves are characterized by more gas and less oil, with natural gas accounting for 93.2 %, and the areal extent scale of the individual reservoirs is small. The exploration campaign, characterized by a low commercial success rate (10.9 %) and modest average recoverable reserves (16.01 Mmboe per discovery), demonstrated that the stratigraphic trap play concept did not meet expectations. The recoverable resources of hydrocarbons to be discovered in the main basins of SEA are approximately 3.15 × 10<sup>4</sup> mmboe and 5.07 × 10<sup>4</sup> mmboe, respectively. The new field of mature basins is the leading force for exploration and reserve increases. The undiscovered hydrocarbon resources are mainly distributed in these areas, especially in the deep-water areas of mature basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 106869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106870
Zihan Gao , Hongwei Yin , Chao Wu , Weili Chen , Jiaqi Zhao , Wanhui He , Wei Wang
The growth of thrust-faults provides critical insights into the tectonic evolution and evolution of hydrocarbon traps in fold-and-thrust belts. However, systematic analyses of the displacement profiles of faults in fold-and-thrust belts remain a great challenge because they require abundant seismic data. This study focuses on the sub-salt thrust system in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, China, where six main thrust faults are interpreted to analyze the along-strike variations in fault displacement. The results reveal that the displacement profiles of the main thrusts exhibited significant variability in shape, peak values, and maximum displacement to fault length ratio. The growth of the sub-salt faults is controlled by the uplifted basement and the overlying salt. The basement uplift constrained the lateral propagation of the faults, and the paleo-uplift results in strike differences in the structural evolution of the fault system. In addition, large fault displacements are closely linked to thick overlying salt layers, highlighting the mechanical role of salt in facilitating displacement accumulation. These findings provide a better understanding of the growth patterns of thrust faults and their influencing factors.
{"title":"Growth of thrust-faults in fold-and-thrust belts: an example from the Kelasu structural belt of the Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin, NW China","authors":"Zihan Gao , Hongwei Yin , Chao Wu , Weili Chen , Jiaqi Zhao , Wanhui He , Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth of thrust-faults provides critical insights into the tectonic evolution and evolution of hydrocarbon traps in fold-and-thrust belts. However, systematic analyses of the displacement profiles of faults in fold-and-thrust belts remain a great challenge because they require abundant seismic data. This study focuses on the sub-salt thrust system in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, China, where six main thrust faults are interpreted to analyze the along-strike variations in fault displacement. The results reveal that the displacement profiles of the main thrusts exhibited significant variability in shape, peak values, and maximum displacement to fault length ratio. The growth of the sub-salt faults is controlled by the uplifted basement and the overlying salt. The basement uplift constrained the lateral propagation of the faults, and the paleo-uplift results in strike differences in the structural evolution of the fault system. In addition, large fault displacements are closely linked to thick overlying salt layers, highlighting the mechanical role of salt in facilitating displacement accumulation. These findings provide a better understanding of the growth patterns of thrust faults and their influencing factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 106870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106857
Parfait M. Mupenge , Degao Zhai , Xiangfa Song , Qingqing Zhao , Gang Zhao , Jiajun Liu , Jian-Feng Gao
Scheelite is common in quartz vein–type Au deposits and provides a valuable tracer of ore-forming fluid sources and mineralization conditions. The Huangjindong Au deposit, in the central Jiangnan orogen of South China, contains approximately 80 tons of gold, where scheelite is abundant within Au-bearing quartz veins. Through cathodoluminescence (CL) and LA-ICP-MS analyses, this study investigates the trace element geochemistry of scheelite from the Huangjindong Au-(W) deposit to evaluate its implications for W mineralization and ore-forming fluid evolution. Textural evidences reveal two scheelite types, i.e., anhedral-subhedral and coarse-grained, with both showing homogeneous cathodoluminescence features. The geochemical investigations showed that both types of scheelite are characterized by high Sr/Mo ratios, low REE with slight MREE enrichment, and positive Eu anomalies, consistent with orogenic gold systems. The Huangjindong scheelite exhibits low Mo, Nb, Ta, and Na but elevated Sr, reflecting relatively low-temperature, reducing hydrothermal conditions. The large Y/Ho ratios further suggest variations during fluid evolution. These geochemical signatures indicate a metamorphic fluid of deep-crustal origin, subsequently modified by fluid–rock interactions. Comparisons with global datasets show that the Huangjindong scheelite closely resembles those from orogenic gold systems but differs from skarn or porphyry deposits, supporting an orogenic classification for this deposit. This study demonstrates that scheelite trace elements provide a robust tool for constraining ore-forming fluid conditions and discriminating genetic types of gold deposits.
{"title":"Trace element geochemistry of scheelite: Implications for W mineralization and fluid evolution of the Huangjindong Au-(W) deposit, South China","authors":"Parfait M. Mupenge , Degao Zhai , Xiangfa Song , Qingqing Zhao , Gang Zhao , Jiajun Liu , Jian-Feng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scheelite is common in quartz vein–type Au deposits and provides a valuable tracer of ore-forming fluid sources and mineralization conditions. The Huangjindong Au deposit, in the central Jiangnan orogen of South China, contains approximately 80 tons of gold, where scheelite is abundant within Au-bearing quartz veins. Through cathodoluminescence (CL) and LA-ICP-MS analyses, this study investigates the trace element geochemistry of scheelite from the Huangjindong Au-(W) deposit to evaluate its implications for W mineralization and ore-forming fluid evolution. Textural evidences reveal two scheelite types, i.e., anhedral-subhedral and coarse-grained, with both showing homogeneous cathodoluminescence features. The geochemical investigations showed that both types of scheelite are characterized by high Sr/Mo ratios, low REE with slight MREE enrichment, and positive Eu anomalies, consistent with orogenic gold systems. The Huangjindong scheelite exhibits low Mo, Nb, Ta, and Na but elevated Sr, reflecting relatively low-temperature, reducing hydrothermal conditions. The large Y/Ho ratios further suggest variations during fluid evolution. These geochemical signatures indicate a metamorphic fluid of deep-crustal origin, subsequently modified by fluid–rock interactions. Comparisons with global datasets show that the Huangjindong scheelite closely resembles those from orogenic gold systems but differs from skarn or porphyry deposits, supporting an orogenic classification for this deposit. This study demonstrates that scheelite trace elements provide a robust tool for constraining ore-forming fluid conditions and discriminating genetic types of gold deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 106857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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