Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i6.3047
Yahya S-Alotibi, Abdulaziz Thabet-Dabiah, Muhammad Muddassir
The purpose of this study was to assess rural populations’ understanding of environmental protection. This study highlights the cognitive aspects of rural people regarding their surrounding environment. A paper-based, structured questionnaire was designed to collect data. A random sample of 317 participants was selected to represent the entire population. The questionnaire was distributed by posting it to their national addresses. A total of 270 valid responses were collected. The findings revealed that respondents had a moderate level of knowledge about protecting the rural environment from water pollution (67 %). Their knowledge of air pollution was low (94.4 %); however, their level of understanding about food pollution was high (79.6 %). The results indicate that 20 % of the variance in overall knowledge regarding the environment can be predicted from the combination of predictor variables (education, income, tendency to change, aspiration for a better environment, and tendency to protect the environment). Predictor variables, including the willingness to protect and improve the environment and the tendency to change, can positively affect overall environmental knowledge. In fact, participants’ attitudes toward these variables are low. These factors are crucial to the dissemination of environmental information.
{"title":"PREDICTING ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE USING ATTITUDES TOWARD THE ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY FROM A RURAL SOCIETY","authors":"Yahya S-Alotibi, Abdulaziz Thabet-Dabiah, Muhammad Muddassir","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i6.3047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i6.3047","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess rural populations’ understanding of environmental protection. This study highlights the cognitive aspects of rural people regarding their surrounding environment. A paper-based, structured questionnaire was designed to collect data. A random sample of 317 participants was selected to represent the entire population. The questionnaire was distributed by posting it to their national addresses. A total of 270 valid responses were collected. The findings revealed that respondents had a moderate level of knowledge about protecting the rural environment from water pollution (67 %). Their knowledge of air pollution was low (94.4 %); however, their level of understanding about food pollution was high (79.6 %). The results indicate that 20 % of the variance in overall knowledge regarding the environment can be predicted from the combination of predictor variables (education, income, tendency to change, aspiration for a better environment, and tendency to protect the environment). Predictor variables, including the willingness to protect and improve the environment and the tendency to change, can positively affect overall environmental knowledge. In fact, participants’ attitudes toward these variables are low. These factors are crucial to the dissemination of environmental information.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"75 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2962
E. Espitia-Rangel, E. Martínez-Crúz, H. Villaseñor-Mir, Julio Huerta-Espino, René Hortelano-Santa Rosa
Glutenins are high- and low-molecular-weight proteins (HMW-G and LMW-G). They play a determining role in genetic improvement to define industrial quality in flour wheat, so understanding their variability is necessary for directing selection toward a specific quality. The objective of this research was to determine the diversity of HMW-G and LMW-G alleles of genotypes from the flour wheat breeding program of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural, and Livestock Research (INIFAP) useful for cookie quality. Twenty-five genotypes were used, including six Mexican cookie varieties, as well as 21 genotypes introduced from an international collection of accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). HMW-G and LMW-G were identified based on their separation on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. For HMW-G, the 2* variant in Glu-A1 was the most frequent variant for the trial and introduction nursery, with more than 80 %. At the Glu-B1 locus, the 7+9 and 7 variants were the most frequent, with 60 and 38.1 % in trial and nursery, respectively. For Glu-D1, the 2+12 variant was the most frequent in the trial with 64 %, and 5+10 with 85.7 % in nursery. The latter allele favors baking quality. For the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci, it is necessary to introduce genotypes with null alleles or with the 2+121 variant in Glu-D1 associated with cookie quality. For the highest-frequency variants of LMW-G, c in Glu-A3, h in Glu-B3, and b in Glu-D3 are associated with baking quality. With the aforementioned, it is concluded that there is a low frequency and little variation in useful alleles of HMW-G and LMW-G for cookie quality in the introduced accessions analyzed, implying that new genetic sources that favor it should be explored.
{"title":"GLUTENIN DIVERSITY OF FLOUR WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) FOR COOKIE QUALITY IN MEXICO","authors":"E. Espitia-Rangel, E. Martínez-Crúz, H. Villaseñor-Mir, Julio Huerta-Espino, René Hortelano-Santa Rosa","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2962","url":null,"abstract":"Glutenins are high- and low-molecular-weight proteins (HMW-G and LMW-G). They play a determining role in genetic improvement to define industrial quality in flour wheat, so understanding their variability is necessary for directing selection toward a specific quality. The objective of this research was to determine the diversity of HMW-G and LMW-G alleles of genotypes from the flour wheat breeding program of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural, and Livestock Research (INIFAP) useful for cookie quality. Twenty-five genotypes were used, including six Mexican cookie varieties, as well as 21 genotypes introduced from an international collection of accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). HMW-G and LMW-G were identified based on their separation on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. For HMW-G, the 2* variant in Glu-A1 was the most frequent variant for the trial and introduction nursery, with more than 80 %. At the Glu-B1 locus, the 7+9 and 7 variants were the most frequent, with 60 and 38.1 % in trial and nursery, respectively. For Glu-D1, the 2+12 variant was the most frequent in the trial with 64 %, and 5+10 with 85.7 % in nursery. The latter allele favors baking quality. For the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci, it is necessary to introduce genotypes with null alleles or with the 2+121 variant in Glu-D1 associated with cookie quality. For the highest-frequency variants of LMW-G, c in Glu-A3, h in Glu-B3, and b in Glu-D3 are associated with baking quality. With the aforementioned, it is concluded that there is a low frequency and little variation in useful alleles of HMW-G and LMW-G for cookie quality in the introduced accessions analyzed, implying that new genetic sources that favor it should be explored.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2936
Atenas Tapia-Rodríguez, J. F. Ramírez-Dávila, Alfredo Ruiz-Orta, D. K. Figueroa-Figueroa, A.D. Acosta-Guadarrama
Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. that affects the avocado (Persea americana Mill.) crop and causes significant economic losses in the farming sector. To focus control measures, it is important to understand the spatial distribution and the dynamics followed by the disease under field conditions. The use of methods derived from spatial statistics facilitates this task. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial behavior of anthracnose in Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass in Donato Guerra, a municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico, using a geostatistical and spatial analysis by distance indices. Four hundred trees were selected and georeferenced in the municipal area. In order to measure the incidence, 48 fruits were selected from every tree. Using these data, the experimental semivariogram was estimated, and adjustments were made to models that explain the spatial arrangement. Maps were created using ordinary kriging, and the infection area was estimated. The maps generated show the presence of aggregation centers and a spatial distribution mostly fitting Gaussian and exponential models, with ranges fluctuating between 12 and 56 m, indicating spatial association between data. Likewise, the greatest percentage of infected areas was 98 %, while the lowest was 45 %. Geostatistics enables a precise understanding of the distribution patterns of diseases such as anthracnose in avocado-growing areas of the State of Mexico, which facilitates the implementation of integrated management programs with greater effectiveness.
炭疽病是由 Colletotrichum spp.引起的一种真菌病害，影响鳄梨（Persea americana Mill.）作物，给农业部门造成重大经济损失。为了使控制措施有的放矢，必须了解该病害在田间条件下的空间分布和动态变化。使用空间统计方法有助于完成这项任务。本研究的目的是利用地理统计和距离指数空间分析，确定墨西哥墨西哥州多纳托-格拉市（Donato Guerra）Persea americana Mill.在该市地区选取了 400 棵树并进行了地理坐标定位。为了测量发病率，从每棵树上选取了 48 个果实。利用这些数据估算了实验半变量图，并对解释空间排列的模型进行了调整。使用普通克里金法绘制了地图，并估算了感染面积。生成的地图显示存在聚集中心，空间分布大多符合高斯和指数模型，范围在 12 至 56 米之间波动，表明数据之间存在空间关联。同样，疫区所占比例最大为 98%，最小为 45%。地质统计学有助于准确了解墨西哥州牛油果种植区炭疽病等病害的分布模式，从而更有效地实施综合管理计划。
{"title":"SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ANTHRACNOSE IN AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill.) IN DONATO GUERRA, MEXICO","authors":"Atenas Tapia-Rodríguez, J. F. Ramírez-Dávila, Alfredo Ruiz-Orta, D. K. Figueroa-Figueroa, A.D. Acosta-Guadarrama","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2936","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. that affects the avocado (Persea americana Mill.) crop and causes significant economic losses in the farming sector. To focus control measures, it is important to understand the spatial distribution and the dynamics followed by the disease under field conditions. The use of methods derived from spatial statistics facilitates this task. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial behavior of anthracnose in Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass in Donato Guerra, a municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico, using a geostatistical and spatial analysis by distance indices. Four hundred trees were selected and georeferenced in the municipal area. In order to measure the incidence, 48 fruits were selected from every tree. Using these data, the experimental semivariogram was estimated, and adjustments were made to models that explain the spatial arrangement. Maps were created using ordinary kriging, and the infection area was estimated. The maps generated show the presence of aggregation centers and a spatial distribution mostly fitting Gaussian and exponential models, with ranges fluctuating between 12 and 56 m, indicating spatial association between data. Likewise, the greatest percentage of infected areas was 98 %, while the lowest was 45 %. Geostatistics enables a precise understanding of the distribution patterns of diseases such as anthracnose in avocado-growing areas of the State of Mexico, which facilitates the implementation of integrated management programs with greater effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.3087
Ricardo Álvarez-López, L. A. Ibáñez-Castillo, M. Vázquez-Peña, Agustín Ruíz-García
The objective of this work was to analyze whether there is a trend in climate change in the Huixtla River basin on the Mexican Pacific coast in the State of Chiapas. To detect this, temperature and precipitation trends were analyzed using data for the 1960–2014 period and the 27 indices proposed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) at Despoblado, Escuintla, Finca Chicharras, Huehuetán, Huixtla, and Motozintla weather stations of the National Meteorological Service (SMN). Missing data were collected where necessary for precipitation using the U.S. National Wheater Service method and for temperatures using the Climate Engine platform. The indices were obtained with RClimDex by conducting the proposed data quality controls and classified on the basis of their statistical significance (0.05) and their increasing or decreasing trend. Among the changes found, higher temperatures were detected in the middle and lower western parts of the basin (TX90p), as well as a longer period of hot days (WSDI). The upper and lower eastern parts of the basin presented a shorter period of hot days. The upper and lower parts of the basin showed a cooling trend, with colder days (TX10p) over longer periods (CSDI). Across the basin, precipitation has increased by one and five days (RX1day and RX5day) as well as in total amount (PRCPTOT). In general, there were shorter dry periods (CDD) and longer wet periods (CWD). Rainfall above the R5mm, R10mm, R20mm, R70mm, and R150mm thresholds across the basin showed an increasing trend.
{"title":"TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION TRENDS DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HUIXTLA RIVER BASIN IN CHIAPAS, MEXICO","authors":"Ricardo Álvarez-López, L. A. Ibáñez-Castillo, M. Vázquez-Peña, Agustín Ruíz-García","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.3087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.3087","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to analyze whether there is a trend in climate change in the Huixtla River basin on the Mexican Pacific coast in the State of Chiapas. To detect this, temperature and precipitation trends were analyzed using data for the 1960–2014 period and the 27 indices proposed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) at Despoblado, Escuintla, Finca Chicharras, Huehuetán, Huixtla, and Motozintla weather stations of the National Meteorological Service (SMN). Missing data were collected where necessary for precipitation using the U.S. National Wheater Service method and for temperatures using the Climate Engine platform. The indices were obtained with RClimDex by conducting the proposed data quality controls and classified on the basis of their statistical significance (0.05) and their increasing or decreasing trend. Among the changes found, higher temperatures were detected in the middle and lower western parts of the basin (TX90p), as well as a longer period of hot days (WSDI). The upper and lower eastern parts of the basin presented a shorter period of hot days. The upper and lower parts of the basin showed a cooling trend, with colder days (TX10p) over longer periods (CSDI). Across the basin, precipitation has increased by one and five days (RX1day and RX5day) as well as in total amount (PRCPTOT). In general, there were shorter dry periods (CDD) and longer wet periods (CWD). Rainfall above the R5mm, R10mm, R20mm, R70mm, and R150mm thresholds across the basin showed an increasing trend.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2836
J. E. Rocha-Ibarra, A. Mireles-Arriaga, J. Ruiz-Nieto, Griselda Maki-Díaz
The production and marketing of fruits and vegetables is one of the most important economic activities for agricultural development in Mexico. The group of berries, including raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), has positioned Mexico among the main exporting countries of these products, where the value of exports has maintained a growing trend in recent decades. The index of revealed comparative advantage (VCR) identifies countries that have a competitive advantage over others in a given product and compares competitive trends in the same market. The objective of this study was to determine Mexico’s competitive advantage in the production and export of berries under the hypothesis that there is a positive index of revealed comparative advantage in the export of berries. The VCR and the trade openness index were computed by examining the historical trends in berry production and its involvement in both domestic and international markets. The value and volume of berry production have increased significantly since 2010, which places Mexico among the three main producing countries. It is notable that the trade openness of the Mexican agricultural sector has increased during the period 2001–2019. In addition, a comparative advantage has been demonstrated in strawberry exports, which positions Mexico as one of the main exporters of this product and represents an important competitive position in world trade since berry exports exceed imported volumes. Therefore, Mexico has a positive and growing comparative advantage, which makes it competitive with the leading countries in the production and export of berries.
{"title":"PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF BERRIES IN MEXICO’S AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE","authors":"J. E. Rocha-Ibarra, A. Mireles-Arriaga, J. Ruiz-Nieto, Griselda Maki-Díaz","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2836","url":null,"abstract":"The production and marketing of fruits and vegetables is one of the most important economic activities for agricultural development in Mexico. The group of berries, including raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), has positioned Mexico among the main exporting countries of these products, where the value of exports has maintained a growing trend in recent decades. The index of revealed comparative advantage (VCR) identifies countries that have a competitive advantage over others in a given product and compares competitive trends in the same market. The objective of this study was to determine Mexico’s competitive advantage in the production and export of berries under the hypothesis that there is a positive index of revealed comparative advantage in the export of berries. The VCR and the trade openness index were computed by examining the historical trends in berry production and its involvement in both domestic and international markets. The value and volume of berry production have increased significantly since 2010, which places Mexico among the three main producing countries. It is notable that the trade openness of the Mexican agricultural sector has increased during the period 2001–2019. In addition, a comparative advantage has been demonstrated in strawberry exports, which positions Mexico as one of the main exporters of this product and represents an important competitive position in world trade since berry exports exceed imported volumes. Therefore, Mexico has a positive and growing comparative advantage, which makes it competitive with the leading countries in the production and export of berries.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"198 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2880
Etztli Itzel Morales-Reyes, M. Bolaños-González, Esteban Escamilla-Prado, Antoine Libert-Amico
When it comes to specialty or high-quality coffees, sensory qualities are crucial because coffee marketers use samples to assess bean and cup quality, which is then used to create a score based on the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) protocol. This score is then used to determine the purchase and price. This study provides a descriptive analysis of the processes developed during training for high-quality coffee production with three shade-grown organic coffee-producing organizations in the state of Chiapas. The goal was to improve harvest and post-harvest practices in order to increase the sensory quality of the coffee. Each training session used the washed, natural, and honey methods to process the coffee. Statistically significant differences were found in the different types of post-harvest processing for each organization. In the sensory analyses, washed coffees were classified as excellent (between 85 and 86 points). In general, the coffees obtained scored between 80 and 86 points, which, according to the SCA protocol, are classified as very good to excellent. The washed processes obtained the highest score; however, the natural and honey processes are a good alternative for producers who lack water during harvesting. Selective harvesting and monitoring of the fermentation processes help to increase the sensory quality of the coffee, improving its opportunity to access specialty markets in order to obtain better prices and greater stability in the medium term.
{"title":"POST-HARVEST PRACTICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIALTY COFFEES IN CHIAPAS, MEXICO","authors":"Etztli Itzel Morales-Reyes, M. Bolaños-González, Esteban Escamilla-Prado, Antoine Libert-Amico","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.2880","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to specialty or high-quality coffees, sensory qualities are crucial because coffee marketers use samples to assess bean and cup quality, which is then used to create a score based on the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) protocol. This score is then used to determine the purchase and price. This study provides a descriptive analysis of the processes developed during training for high-quality coffee production with three shade-grown organic coffee-producing organizations in the state of Chiapas. The goal was to improve harvest and post-harvest practices in order to increase the sensory quality of the coffee. Each training session used the washed, natural, and honey methods to process the coffee. Statistically significant differences were found in the different types of post-harvest processing for each organization. In the sensory analyses, washed coffees were classified as excellent (between 85 and 86 points). In general, the coffees obtained scored between 80 and 86 points, which, according to the SCA protocol, are classified as very good to excellent. The washed processes obtained the highest score; however, the natural and honey processes are a good alternative for producers who lack water during harvesting. Selective harvesting and monitoring of the fermentation processes help to increase the sensory quality of the coffee, improving its opportunity to access specialty markets in order to obtain better prices and greater stability in the medium term.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.3140
Elizabeth Hernández-Acosta, Emma Ángela Acevedo-Girón, Edmundo Robledo-Santoyo, Jorge Luis Castrellón-Montelongo
The vegetative cover of mine tailings with grasses has environmental benefits and positive impacts on public health by improving air and water quality, as well as the overall well-being of surrounding communities. This study evaluated the ability of Cynodon dactylon L. grass in the cover of a mine tailing using three doses of vermicompost (Vlow [60 Mg ha-1], Vmedium [80 Mg ha-1], and Vhigh [100 Mg ha-1]) to improve the conditions of the site, which was physically and chemically characterized. The concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were determined before and during the experiment. Ninety-six and 202 days after planting (dap), grass was harvested to determine the concentrations of the potentially toxic elements (PTE) in the root and aerial sections. The production of dry matter and the growth of the grass were evaluated. Results showed that, before the experiment was established, the tailing had a low concentration of organic matter. After incorporating the vermicompost, an increase was observed in the concentrations of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Ninety-six days after planting, in the treatment with the low dose of vermicompost, C. dactylon absorbed 202.13 mg Pb kg-1, 37.26 mg Ni kg-1, and 164.82 mg Zn kg-1 in its roots. Also at 96 dap, the highest PTE concentrations were found in the treatments with the highest dose of vermicompost. The greatest production of dry matter (231.55 kg ha-1 at 96 dap) and growth of the grass (9.7 cm, 73 dap) occurred in the treatment with the high dose of vermicompost, which highlights its efficiency in favoring its development and improving the conditions of the tailing. The absorption of the PTE by the grass highlights its contribution towards the reduction of dispersion and runoff of particles from tailings.
{"title":"VEGETATIVE COVER OF A MINE TAILINGS WITH BERMUDA GRASS (Cynodon dactylon L.) TO MITIGATE POLLUTION","authors":"Elizabeth Hernández-Acosta, Emma Ángela Acevedo-Girón, Edmundo Robledo-Santoyo, Jorge Luis Castrellón-Montelongo","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.3140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i5.3140","url":null,"abstract":"The vegetative cover of mine tailings with grasses has environmental benefits and positive impacts on public health by improving air and water quality, as well as the overall well-being of surrounding communities. This study evaluated the ability of Cynodon dactylon L. grass in the cover of a mine tailing using three doses of vermicompost (Vlow [60 Mg ha-1], Vmedium [80 Mg ha-1], and Vhigh [100 Mg ha-1]) to improve the conditions of the site, which was physically and chemically characterized. The concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were determined before and during the experiment. Ninety-six and 202 days after planting (dap), grass was harvested to determine the concentrations of the potentially toxic elements (PTE) in the root and aerial sections. The production of dry matter and the growth of the grass were evaluated. Results showed that, before the experiment was established, the tailing had a low concentration of organic matter. After incorporating the vermicompost, an increase was observed in the concentrations of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Ninety-six days after planting, in the treatment with the low dose of vermicompost, C. dactylon absorbed 202.13 mg Pb kg-1, 37.26 mg Ni kg-1, and 164.82 mg Zn kg-1 in its roots. Also at 96 dap, the highest PTE concentrations were found in the treatments with the highest dose of vermicompost. The greatest production of dry matter (231.55 kg ha-1 at 96 dap) and growth of the grass (9.7 cm, 73 dap) occurred in the treatment with the high dose of vermicompost, which highlights its efficiency in favoring its development and improving the conditions of the tailing. The absorption of the PTE by the grass highlights its contribution towards the reduction of dispersion and runoff of particles from tailings.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3030
R. I. Castillo-Zamudio, R. D. Vargas-Sánchez, A. Sánchez-Escalante, Martín Esqueda-Valle, Brisa del Mar Torres-Martínez, G. R. Torrescano-Urrutia
Spent coffee beans are agro-industrial waste that contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that can be recovered by fungal fermentation-assisted extraction using edible fungal strains. In this study, the metabolite content and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of spent coffee beans fermented in a submerged culture using the mycelium of Pleurotus pulmonarius were evaluated. The total carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, and caffeoylquinic acid contents of the extract were determined, as well as the antioxidant activity by free radical and cation inhibition, reducing power, and lipid oxidation inhibition. The experimental design was completely randomized using a factorial arrangement, with three independent experimental replicates. The data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer mean comparison test (p ≤ 0.05). To determine the association between variables and parameters evaluated, a principal component analysis was used. The results showed that the aqueous extract obtained by submerged culture fermentation using P. pulmonarius and different levels of spent coffee beans presented a high content of metabolites such as carbohydrates (70.2 %), phenols (64.5 %), flavonoids (61.9 %), and caffeoylquinic acid (90.8 %), as well as a higher antioxidant activity by inhibiting the formation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radicals (31.6 and 31.9 %, respectively), lipid oxidation (70 %), reducing power (14.9 %), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (89.4 %), compared to the control. Furthermore, the first two main components explained 91.3 % of the variation, revealing that fermented samples with and without mycelium differed in terms of metabolite content and antioxidant activity, which were dependent on the proportion of wasted coffee beans. In conclusion, the fungal fermentation of spent coffee beans is a potential strategy for the recovery of antioxidant ingredients.
{"title":"METABOLITE CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SPENT COFFEE GRAIN FERMENTED WITH Pleurotus pulmonarius MYCELIUM","authors":"R. I. Castillo-Zamudio, R. D. Vargas-Sánchez, A. Sánchez-Escalante, Martín Esqueda-Valle, Brisa del Mar Torres-Martínez, G. R. Torrescano-Urrutia","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3030","url":null,"abstract":"Spent coffee beans are agro-industrial waste that contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that can be recovered by fungal fermentation-assisted extraction using edible fungal strains. In this study, the metabolite content and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of spent coffee beans fermented in a submerged culture using the mycelium of Pleurotus pulmonarius were evaluated. The total carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, and caffeoylquinic acid contents of the extract were determined, as well as the antioxidant activity by free radical and cation inhibition, reducing power, and lipid oxidation inhibition. The experimental design was completely randomized using a factorial arrangement, with three independent experimental replicates. The data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer mean comparison test (p ≤ 0.05). To determine the association between variables and parameters evaluated, a principal component analysis was used. The results showed that the aqueous extract obtained by submerged culture fermentation using P. pulmonarius and different levels of spent coffee beans presented a high content of metabolites such as carbohydrates (70.2 %), phenols (64.5 %), flavonoids (61.9 %), and caffeoylquinic acid (90.8 %), as well as a higher antioxidant activity by inhibiting the formation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radicals (31.6 and 31.9 %, respectively), lipid oxidation (70 %), reducing power (14.9 %), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (89.4 %), compared to the control. Furthermore, the first two main components explained 91.3 % of the variation, revealing that fermented samples with and without mycelium differed in terms of metabolite content and antioxidant activity, which were dependent on the proportion of wasted coffee beans. In conclusion, the fungal fermentation of spent coffee beans is a potential strategy for the recovery of antioxidant ingredients.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3158
Alejandro Esli Hernández-Mora, F. C. Gómez-Merino, Tania Marín-Garza, J. Herrera‐Corredor, L. Trejo-Téllez
The cachichín tree (Oecopetalum mexicanum Greenm. & C.H. Thomps.), present in the Sierra de Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico, produces fruits with bitter-tasting nuts, traditionally consumed as a healthy snack, boiled or toasted. These nuts have significant concentrations of lipids, proteins, fiber, and ash, although their antioxidant capacity and phenolic profile in response to different thermal treatments have not been explored. The objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant activity and determine the concentrations of free and total phenolic compounds in the raw (T1) cachichín nuts and nuts subjected to different thermal treatments, including boiled (T2), commercial toast (T3), and controlled toast at laboratory level (T4). The nuts subjected to controlled toasting (T4) showed the highest mean in antioxidant activity (20.73 %), followed by commercial toasting (T3; 19.41 %) and raw nuts (T1; 15.38 %), while the boiled nuts (T2) showed the lowest values (9.68 %). Regarding free phenols, the highest concentration of catechin was found in raw nuts (T1), with 278.91 mg g-1 fresh biomass weight (FBW). Trans-ferulic acid was more abundant in the toasting treatments (7.09 ng g-1 FBW in T3 and 6.13 ng g-1 FBW in T4) compared to raw nuts (T1; 3.77 ng g-1 FBW). Trans-coumaric acid was higher with controlled toasting (T4; 2.67 ng g-1 FBW). In terms of total phenols, raw nuts (T1) showed the highest concentration of catechin (613.95 mg g-1 FBW), while chlorogenic acid was more abundant in commercial toasting (T3; 89.12 ng g-1 FBW). Total trans-ferulic acid was higher in boiled and toasted nuts (T2, T3, and T4), while trans-coumaric acid was highest in controlled toasting (T4) and lowest in boiled (T2). Cachichín nuts are concluded to contain phenolic compounds with beneficial functions, whose concentrations can be altered in response to the thermal treatments applied.
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN CACHICHÍN NUTS (Oecopetalum mexicanum Greenm. & C.H. Thomps.) EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT THERMAL TREATMENTS","authors":"Alejandro Esli Hernández-Mora, F. C. Gómez-Merino, Tania Marín-Garza, J. Herrera‐Corredor, L. Trejo-Téllez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3158","url":null,"abstract":"The cachichín tree (Oecopetalum mexicanum Greenm. & C.H. Thomps.), present in the Sierra de Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico, produces fruits with bitter-tasting nuts, traditionally consumed as a healthy snack, boiled or toasted. These nuts have significant concentrations of lipids, proteins, fiber, and ash, although their antioxidant capacity and phenolic profile in response to different thermal treatments have not been explored. The objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant activity and determine the concentrations of free and total phenolic compounds in the raw (T1) cachichín nuts and nuts subjected to different thermal treatments, including boiled (T2), commercial toast (T3), and controlled toast at laboratory level (T4). The nuts subjected to controlled toasting (T4) showed the highest mean in antioxidant activity (20.73 %), followed by commercial toasting (T3; 19.41 %) and raw nuts (T1; 15.38 %), while the boiled nuts (T2) showed the lowest values (9.68 %). Regarding free phenols, the highest concentration of catechin was found in raw nuts (T1), with 278.91 mg g-1 fresh biomass weight (FBW). Trans-ferulic acid was more abundant in the toasting treatments (7.09 ng g-1 FBW in T3 and 6.13 ng g-1 FBW in T4) compared to raw nuts (T1; 3.77 ng g-1 FBW). Trans-coumaric acid was higher with controlled toasting (T4; 2.67 ng g-1 FBW). In terms of total phenols, raw nuts (T1) showed the highest concentration of catechin (613.95 mg g-1 FBW), while chlorogenic acid was more abundant in commercial toasting (T3; 89.12 ng g-1 FBW). Total trans-ferulic acid was higher in boiled and toasted nuts (T2, T3, and T4), while trans-coumaric acid was highest in controlled toasting (T4) and lowest in boiled (T2). Cachichín nuts are concluded to contain phenolic compounds with beneficial functions, whose concentrations can be altered in response to the thermal treatments applied.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3082
Samantha Rodríguez-Vásquez, A. A. Gardea-Bejar, Alejandro Romo-Chacón, Jaqueline García-Hernández, Humberto González-Ríos, J. Orozco-Avitia
Honeybees are considered the primary pollinators of agricultural crops. However, climate change, pesticide use, disease transmission and pests all have an impact on their survival. Temperature is an important consideration, especially when bees are subjected to harsh conditions as a result of the effort required to regulate them within their hives. The brood chamber should be kept between 33 and 35 °C. The recognized temperature thresholds are 6 and 38 °C; deviations above or below these values cause metabolic damage in honeybees; the larger the difference, the greater the stress. These eusocial insects have developed thermoregulating mechanisms in response to adverse environmental conditions; the colony compensates for this difference by either fanning their wings to create air circulation and cause evaporative cooling or raising the temperature by generating endothermic heat to raise the temperature of the breeding chamber. This review brings together the most important and updated references on how to improve colony thermoregulation and its relationship to climate change.
{"title":"HIVE TEMPERATURE REGULATION BY HONEYBEES IN RESPONSE TO EXTREME CONDITIONS","authors":"Samantha Rodríguez-Vásquez, A. A. Gardea-Bejar, Alejandro Romo-Chacón, Jaqueline García-Hernández, Humberto González-Ríos, J. Orozco-Avitia","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3082","url":null,"abstract":"Honeybees are considered the primary pollinators of agricultural crops. However, climate change, pesticide use, disease transmission and pests all have an impact on their survival. Temperature is an important consideration, especially when bees are subjected to harsh conditions as a result of the effort required to regulate them within their hives. The brood chamber should be kept between 33 and 35 °C. The recognized temperature thresholds are 6 and 38 °C; deviations above or below these values cause metabolic damage in honeybees; the larger the difference, the greater the stress. These eusocial insects have developed thermoregulating mechanisms in response to adverse environmental conditions; the colony compensates for this difference by either fanning their wings to create air circulation and cause evaporative cooling or raising the temperature by generating endothermic heat to raise the temperature of the breeding chamber. This review brings together the most important and updated references on how to improve colony thermoregulation and its relationship to climate change.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：