Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3063
Ricardo Alonso Sánchez-Gutiérrez, F. Echavarría-Cháirez, Edith Ramírez-Segura, Alan Álvarez-Holguín, J. Ochoa-Rivero, A. Muro-Reyes, Héctor Gutiérrez-Bañuelos
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliare L.) is a species used for the production of forage that is characterized by its adequate adaptation to diverse environments. The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of forage and seeds from four materials and a variety of Buffel grass under rainfed conditions in the semi-dry and semi-warm weather of Zacatecas. The experiment was held in Huanusco, Zacatecas, Mexico, in a totally randomized block design with three replications. The materials were: M-42, M-45, M-66, M-S245, and the Titán variety as a control. For forage, two cuts were performed, considering the variables of plant height (PH), production of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). Seed characteristics were determined upon physiological maturity using the variables of seed yield (SY), number of spikes per plant (Sp/plt), caryopsides per spikelet (Car/sp), and area of caryopsides (Area/Car). The data were analyzed in SAS, and the means were compared using Lsmeans. For the variable PH, M-42 stood out with an average height of 97.3 cm. In the production of DM, M-42 and M-45 surpassed Titán (p < 0.05), with yields higher than 4.4 Mg ha-1. M-42 had the greatest CP content at 7.29 %, whereas M-45 and M-S245 had the highest IVDDM concentrations at 74.5 and 74.8 %, respectively. Regarding seed characteristics, M-42 surpassed Titán, with a SY of 295 kg ha-1. The study concluded that M-42 is the best option for grassland management in Zacatecas, Mexico, where the weather is semi-warm and semi-dry.
{"title":"FORAGE CHARACTERIZATION OF BUFFEL-GRASS (Cenchrus ciliare L.) IN SEMI-DRY TO SEMI-WARM CLIMATES IN ZACATECAS, MEXICO","authors":"Ricardo Alonso Sánchez-Gutiérrez, F. Echavarría-Cháirez, Edith Ramírez-Segura, Alan Álvarez-Holguín, J. Ochoa-Rivero, A. Muro-Reyes, Héctor Gutiérrez-Bañuelos","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3063","url":null,"abstract":"Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliare L.) is a species used for the production of forage that is characterized by its adequate adaptation to diverse environments. The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of forage and seeds from four materials and a variety of Buffel grass under rainfed conditions in the semi-dry and semi-warm weather of Zacatecas. The experiment was held in Huanusco, Zacatecas, Mexico, in a totally randomized block design with three replications. The materials were: M-42, M-45, M-66, M-S245, and the Titán variety as a control. For forage, two cuts were performed, considering the variables of plant height (PH), production of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). Seed characteristics were determined upon physiological maturity using the variables of seed yield (SY), number of spikes per plant (Sp/plt), caryopsides per spikelet (Car/sp), and area of caryopsides (Area/Car). The data were analyzed in SAS, and the means were compared using Lsmeans. For the variable PH, M-42 stood out with an average height of 97.3 cm. In the production of DM, M-42 and M-45 surpassed Titán (p < 0.05), with yields higher than 4.4 Mg ha-1. M-42 had the greatest CP content at 7.29 %, whereas M-45 and M-S245 had the highest IVDDM concentrations at 74.5 and 74.8 %, respectively. Regarding seed characteristics, M-42 surpassed Titán, with a SY of 295 kg ha-1. The study concluded that M-42 is the best option for grassland management in Zacatecas, Mexico, where the weather is semi-warm and semi-dry.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.2624
Carlos de Jesús Morales-Becerril, M. T. Colinas-León, R. M. Soto-Hernández, M. Martínez-Damián, Guillermo Mendoza-Castelán
The new plant production methods that use artificial light to replace or complement sunlight have proven that changes in the wavelength of incidental light result in variations in growth, development and secondary metabolism of plants, depending on the genotype and other environmental conditions. However, these methods have been scarcely studied in medicinal and edible plants. The aim of this study was to determine the response of thyme plants (Thymus vulgaris) under different wavelengths. The plants were exposed to red light (660 nm), blue light (440 nm), white light and two proportions of red-blue for 16 hours a day at an intensity of 25 µmol m−2 s−1. The treatments were isolated from sunlight and from each other. Red light was found to promote the formation of etiolated plants, with a low accumulation of chlorophyll, dry matter and phenolic compounds compared to the white light treatment. Blue light generated compact plants with a higher accumulation of chlorophyll and dry matter than red light, but similar to the white light treatment. In terms of phenolic compounds, accumulation was higher under the two latter treatments. The planting of thyme under a combination of blue-red light at a 3:1 ratio was found to result in a compact growth and to improve the accumulation of phenolic compounds.
{"title":"GROWTH AND ACCUMULATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN THYME (Thymus vulgaris) BASED ON THE BALANCE OF RED AND BLUE LED LIGHTS","authors":"Carlos de Jesús Morales-Becerril, M. T. Colinas-León, R. M. Soto-Hernández, M. Martínez-Damián, Guillermo Mendoza-Castelán","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.2624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.2624","url":null,"abstract":"The new plant production methods that use artificial light to replace or complement sunlight have proven that changes in the wavelength of incidental light result in variations in growth, development and secondary metabolism of plants, depending on the genotype and other environmental conditions. However, these methods have been scarcely studied in medicinal and edible plants. The aim of this study was to determine the response of thyme plants (Thymus vulgaris) under different wavelengths. The plants were exposed to red light (660 nm), blue light (440 nm), white light and two proportions of red-blue for 16 hours a day at an intensity of 25 µmol m−2 s−1. The treatments were isolated from sunlight and from each other. Red light was found to promote the formation of etiolated plants, with a low accumulation of chlorophyll, dry matter and phenolic compounds compared to the white light treatment. Blue light generated compact plants with a higher accumulation of chlorophyll and dry matter than red light, but similar to the white light treatment. In terms of phenolic compounds, accumulation was higher under the two latter treatments. The planting of thyme under a combination of blue-red light at a 3:1 ratio was found to result in a compact growth and to improve the accumulation of phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3133
Ezzeddine Ben Mohamed, Nassreddine Garoui, Saber Ibrahim, Ahmed M. Alsalman, Wajih Abbassi, Anis Jarboui
Despite widespread knowledge of agriculture’s sustainability challenges, more needs to be known about the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of sustainable practices. This study examines the specific drivers of pro-environmental behavior among date farmers. A variable model was developed, and a questionnaire was used to gather farmers’ perceptions of the factors influencing pro-environmental behavior on date farms. A hierarchical structure of the identified factors was developed using MICMAC analysis on 81 farmers in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our results show that farm size, supply chain pressure, and firm technological capabilities are the most relevant determinants of pro-environmental behavior on date farms. Also, farmers’ experiences, learning from other firms in the sustainability domain, and farm image improvement are critical variables in the system of pro-environmental behavior adoption. Finally, we argue that pressure from environmental regulation and the farmers’ age are excluded variables. It is crucial to consider that relying solely on encouragement and laws to protect the environment cannot achieve sustainability in agriculture. More attention should be devoted to educating farmers about the importance of pro-environmental behavior and how it can improve their image in front of stakeholders. It is also necessary to organize periodic forums to support mimetic pressure and push farmers to learn from each other. Because farmers’ environments in developing countries tend to be similar, it is possible to generalize these results to some extent. This model unveils a fresh perspective on promoting sustainability in agriculture by using novel analytical techniques to map relationships between pro-environmental actions and their influencing factors.
{"title":"WHAT DRIVES FARMERS TO ADOPT PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR? EVIDENCE FROM DATE FARMS IN SAUDI ARABIA","authors":"Ezzeddine Ben Mohamed, Nassreddine Garoui, Saber Ibrahim, Ahmed M. Alsalman, Wajih Abbassi, Anis Jarboui","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3133","url":null,"abstract":"Despite widespread knowledge of agriculture’s sustainability challenges, more needs to be known about the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of sustainable practices. This study examines the specific drivers of pro-environmental behavior among date farmers. A variable model was developed, and a questionnaire was used to gather farmers’ perceptions of the factors influencing pro-environmental behavior on date farms. A hierarchical structure of the identified factors was developed using MICMAC analysis on 81 farmers in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our results show that farm size, supply chain pressure, and firm technological capabilities are the most relevant determinants of pro-environmental behavior on date farms. Also, farmers’ experiences, learning from other firms in the sustainability domain, and farm image improvement are critical variables in the system of pro-environmental behavior adoption. Finally, we argue that pressure from environmental regulation and the farmers’ age are excluded variables. It is crucial to consider that relying solely on encouragement and laws to protect the environment cannot achieve sustainability in agriculture. More attention should be devoted to educating farmers about the importance of pro-environmental behavior and how it can improve their image in front of stakeholders. It is also necessary to organize periodic forums to support mimetic pressure and push farmers to learn from each other. Because farmers’ environments in developing countries tend to be similar, it is possible to generalize these results to some extent. This model unveils a fresh perspective on promoting sustainability in agriculture by using novel analytical techniques to map relationships between pro-environmental actions and their influencing factors.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"115 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3015
Beatriz Fogolari-Boteon, Rafaela Oliva-da Silva, Bruna Ferrari-Schedenffeldt, Henrique Spricigo, Andreia Cristina Silva-Hirata, P. A. Monquero
The development of dicamba and 2,4-D resistant crops may result in the widespread use of these herbicides in agricultural areas, potentially affecting nearby susceptible crops. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of bean, peanut, and cotton to different doses of Dicamba and 2,4-D. To do so, separate experiments were conducted for each crop and herbicide in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with four replications. Both herbicides were applied at different doses to plants with the second pair of true leaves. Phytotoxicity and dry biomass were evaluated. For cotton, 2,4-D showed high phytotoxicity at doses of up to 83.75 g ai ha−1, with a reduction in suppressive effect observed at 20.93 g ai ha−1. Dicamba exhibited a pronounced reduction in crop biomass up to a dose of 70 g ai ha−1, with 94 % phytotoxicity. For beans, the evolution of symptoms using 2,4-D occurred more slowly, but the highest doses resulted in phytotoxicity of up to 95 % and a 30 % reduction in biomass at 167.5 g ai ha−1, indicating a significant impact on the crop. Dicamba also had a high negative impact, with a 100 % reduction in biomass at 70 g ai ha−1. The peanut crop was more tolerant to herbicides, with 2,4-D doses of 670, 335, and 167.5 g ai ha−1 resulting in phytotoxicities of 69.5, 37.49, and 14.37 %, respectively. Dicamba significantly reduced dry biomass at doses of up to 70 g ai ha−1. The results show that, despite the differences in sensitivity of cotton, bean, and peanut to 2,4-D and Dicamba, even low doses of these herbicides applied early in development had a significant negative impact on these crops.
麦草畏和 2,4-D 抗性作物的发展可能会导致这些除草剂在农业区的广泛使用，从而可能影响附近的易感作物。本研究旨在评估豆类、花生和棉花对不同剂量麦草畏和 2,4-D 的敏感性。为此，在温室中对每种作物和除草剂分别进行了实验，采用完全随机设计，四次重复。两种除草剂都以不同的剂量施用于长出第二对真叶的植株。对植物毒性和干生物量进行了评估。对棉花而言，2,4-D 在高达 83.75 g ai ha-1 的剂量下显示出较高的植物毒性，在 20.93 g ai ha-1 的剂量下，抑制作用有所减弱。麦草畏在 70 g ai ha-1 的剂量下会明显减少作物生物量，植物毒性为 94%。对豆类来说，使用 2,4-D 出现症状的速度较慢，但最高剂量的植物毒性高达 95%，生物量在 167.5 g ai ha-1 时减少 30%，表明对作物的影响很大。麦草畏的负面影响也很大，70 g ai ha-1 时生物量减少 100%。花生作物对除草剂的耐受性较强，2,4-D 剂量为 670、335 和 167.5 g ai ha-1 时，植物毒性分别为 69.5%、37.49% 和 14.37%。麦草畏在剂量高达 70 g ai ha-1 时会明显减少干生物量。结果表明，尽管棉花、豆类和花生对 2,4-D 和麦草畏的敏感性不同，但即使在生长早期施用低剂量的这些除草剂，也会对这些作物产生明显的负面影响。
{"title":"CROP SENSITIVITY TO DICAMBA AND 2,4-D APPLIED AT COMMERCIAL AND SUBDOSE LEVELS","authors":"Beatriz Fogolari-Boteon, Rafaela Oliva-da Silva, Bruna Ferrari-Schedenffeldt, Henrique Spricigo, Andreia Cristina Silva-Hirata, P. A. Monquero","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3015","url":null,"abstract":"The development of dicamba and 2,4-D resistant crops may result in the widespread use of these herbicides in agricultural areas, potentially affecting nearby susceptible crops. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of bean, peanut, and cotton to different doses of Dicamba and 2,4-D. To do so, separate experiments were conducted for each crop and herbicide in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with four replications. Both herbicides were applied at different doses to plants with the second pair of true leaves. Phytotoxicity and dry biomass were evaluated. For cotton, 2,4-D showed high phytotoxicity at doses of up to 83.75 g ai ha−1, with a reduction in suppressive effect observed at 20.93 g ai ha−1. Dicamba exhibited a pronounced reduction in crop biomass up to a dose of 70 g ai ha−1, with 94 % phytotoxicity. For beans, the evolution of symptoms using 2,4-D occurred more slowly, but the highest doses resulted in phytotoxicity of up to 95 % and a 30 % reduction in biomass at 167.5 g ai ha−1, indicating a significant impact on the crop. Dicamba also had a high negative impact, with a 100 % reduction in biomass at 70 g ai ha−1. The peanut crop was more tolerant to herbicides, with 2,4-D doses of 670, 335, and 167.5 g ai ha−1 resulting in phytotoxicities of 69.5, 37.49, and 14.37 %, respectively. Dicamba significantly reduced dry biomass at doses of up to 70 g ai ha−1. The results show that, despite the differences in sensitivity of cotton, bean, and peanut to 2,4-D and Dicamba, even low doses of these herbicides applied early in development had a significant negative impact on these crops.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"20 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2990
G. Morales-Olán, M. Ríos-Corripio, Joel Velasco-Velasco, Marlon Rojas-López, Julián Jaime Fernández-Martínez, A. Hernández-Cázares
Currently, the food industry is interested in using plant-based ingredients because they can improve the nutritional and technological properties of products while also providing health benefits. The application of these ingredients in food formulations is dependent on their techno-functional properties, so determining them is critical. Pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) are a good source of nutrients such as starch, protein, and fiber, which could also be used as functional food ingredients. It has been reported that differences in nutritional content and functional properties of pea seeds are caused by environmental conditions, cultivation methods, and processing. In Mexico, in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca, creole peas are cultivated using rainfed agriculture, and the seeds are harvested when the plant is completely dry. There are currently no studies that evaluate the composition and properties of the main components of pea seeds grown under the environmental conditions of this region. The objective of this work was to determine the proximal composition and techno-functional properties of flour (PF), starch (PS), and protein (PPI) isolated from dry creole seeds cultivated in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca. Results were compared using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the proximal composition and the color of PF, PS, and PPI. The extracted starch contains 19.6 ± 1.3 % amylose. The granules were ellipsoidal in shape and measured 57.2 ± 11.0 mm in diameter. The FTIR spectra showed structural differences between the samples. Functional properties such as water absorption capacity, foam formation, and emulsifying capacity were significantly higher in PPI than in PF and PS (p ≤ 0.05). The results demonstrate that pea seeds grown in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca can be an unconventional source of functional ingredients for the food industry.
{"title":"TECHNO-FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF FLOUR, STARCH, AND PROTEINS OF PEA SEED (Pisum sativum L.) CULTIVATED IN THE MIXTECA REGION OF OAXACA","authors":"G. Morales-Olán, M. Ríos-Corripio, Joel Velasco-Velasco, Marlon Rojas-López, Julián Jaime Fernández-Martínez, A. Hernández-Cázares","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2990","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the food industry is interested in using plant-based ingredients because they can improve the nutritional and technological properties of products while also providing health benefits. The application of these ingredients in food formulations is dependent on their techno-functional properties, so determining them is critical. Pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) are a good source of nutrients such as starch, protein, and fiber, which could also be used as functional food ingredients. It has been reported that differences in nutritional content and functional properties of pea seeds are caused by environmental conditions, cultivation methods, and processing. In Mexico, in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca, creole peas are cultivated using rainfed agriculture, and the seeds are harvested when the plant is completely dry. There are currently no studies that evaluate the composition and properties of the main components of pea seeds grown under the environmental conditions of this region. The objective of this work was to determine the proximal composition and techno-functional properties of flour (PF), starch (PS), and protein (PPI) isolated from dry creole seeds cultivated in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca. Results were compared using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the proximal composition and the color of PF, PS, and PPI. The extracted starch contains 19.6 ± 1.3 % amylose. The granules were ellipsoidal in shape and measured 57.2 ± 11.0 mm in diameter. The FTIR spectra showed structural differences between the samples. Functional properties such as water absorption capacity, foam formation, and emulsifying capacity were significantly higher in PPI than in PF and PS (p ≤ 0.05). The results demonstrate that pea seeds grown in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca can be an unconventional source of functional ingredients for the food industry.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.3036
Reinaldo Alemán-Pérez, C. Bravo-Medina, Ernesto Marino Ibarra-Tellez
Population density is one of the most important agronomic factors in corn (Zea mays L.) for achieving high agricultural yields. In the Ecuadorian Amazon, there are no studies that allow us to determine a population density that is suitable for the edaphoclimatic and cultural conditions of the region. This work was carried out at the Experimental Center for Amazonian Research and Production (CEIPA) of the Amazon State University. The effect of population densities of 31 250, 41 666, and 62 500 plants per hectare of the local variety Tusilla on physiological indicators, yield components, and crop agricultural yield was studied. A randomized block experimental design with three treatments and three replicates was used. The data was tested for normality using Shapiro-Wilks, followed by an analysis of variance and a mean comparison test using Tukey (p ≤ 0.05). Increased population density reduces leaf area and dry matter production per plant while increasing leaf area index and net assimilation rate. Each individual plant showed higher leaf area values at the lowest population density, with averages of 1.18 and 1.56 m2 at 55 and 75 d, respectively, and higher dry matter production in stems and leaves, with 61.15 g plant-1 at 75 d. The highest net assimilation rate was 9.05 g m2 d-1 at the highest population density. At lower population densities, yield components are favored; however, a higher agricultural yield of more than 6405 kg ha-1 is obtained at higher densities due to the greater number of plants per unit area.
玉米（Zea mays L.）要想获得高产，种群密度是最重要的农艺因素之一。在厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区，没有任何研究能让我们确定适合该地区气候和文化条件的种群密度。这项工作是在亚马逊州立大学亚马逊研究与生产实验中心（CEIPA）进行的。研究了每公顷种植 31 250 株、41 666 株和 62 500 株当地品种 Tusilla 对生理指标、产量成分和作物农业产量的影响。采用随机区组实验设计，三个处理三个重复。使用 Shapiro-Wilks 检验了数据的正态性，然后进行了方差分析，并使用 Tukey 进行了均值比较检验（p ≤ 0.05）。种群密度增加会减少每株植物的叶面积和干物质产量，同时增加叶面积指数和净同化率。在种群密度最低时，单株叶面积值较高，55 d 和 75 d 的平均值分别为 1.18 和 1.56 m2，茎叶干物质产量较高，75 d 时为 61.15 g plant-1。在较低的种群密度下，产量成分更有利；但在较高的密度下，由于单位面积上的植株数量更多，农业产量更高，超过 6405 kg ha-1。
{"title":"PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND POPULATION DENSITY OF A LOCAL CORN GENOTYPE FROM ECUADORIAN AMAZONIA","authors":"Reinaldo Alemán-Pérez, C. Bravo-Medina, Ernesto Marino Ibarra-Tellez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.3036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.3036","url":null,"abstract":"Population density is one of the most important agronomic factors in corn (Zea mays L.) for achieving high agricultural yields. In the Ecuadorian Amazon, there are no studies that allow us to determine a population density that is suitable for the edaphoclimatic and cultural conditions of the region. This work was carried out at the Experimental Center for Amazonian Research and Production (CEIPA) of the Amazon State University. The effect of population densities of 31 250, 41 666, and 62 500 plants per hectare of the local variety Tusilla on physiological indicators, yield components, and crop agricultural yield was studied. A randomized block experimental design with three treatments and three replicates was used. The data was tested for normality using Shapiro-Wilks, followed by an analysis of variance and a mean comparison test using Tukey (p ≤ 0.05). Increased population density reduces leaf area and dry matter production per plant while increasing leaf area index and net assimilation rate. Each individual plant showed higher leaf area values at the lowest population density, with averages of 1.18 and 1.56 m2 at 55 and 75 d, respectively, and higher dry matter production in stems and leaves, with 61.15 g plant-1 at 75 d. The highest net assimilation rate was 9.05 g m2 d-1 at the highest population density. At lower population densities, yield components are favored; however, a higher agricultural yield of more than 6405 kg ha-1 is obtained at higher densities due to the greater number of plants per unit area.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"69 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2856
René Castro-Montoya, G. Rodríguez-Yam, Felipe de Jesús Peraza-Garay, José Vidal Jiménez-Ramírez
This article examines a Bayesian model for a nonstationary time series with an unknown number of change points and censored observations. Each segment is assumed to be an autoregressive process with order one. To estimate the number and locations of change points, we use the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm. The censored problem is solved by imputing the censored values from a multivariate normal distribution based on the observed part. A numerical example shows that the estimates of the number of change points and their localizations have little bias. Additionally, the estimates are robust to the censoring percentage.
{"title":"TIME SERIES WITH MULTIPLE CHANGE POINTS AND CENSORED OBSERVATIONS","authors":"René Castro-Montoya, G. Rodríguez-Yam, Felipe de Jesús Peraza-Garay, José Vidal Jiménez-Ramírez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2856","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a Bayesian model for a nonstationary time series with an unknown number of change points and censored observations. Each segment is assumed to be an autoregressive process with order one. To estimate the number and locations of change points, we use the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm. The censored problem is solved by imputing the censored values from a multivariate normal distribution based on the observed part. A numerical example shows that the estimates of the number of change points and their localizations have little bias. Additionally, the estimates are robust to the censoring percentage.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2911
M. G. Galindo-Mendoza, Rita Schwentensius-Rindermann, Valter Armando Barrera-López, Hugo Ricardo Navarro-Contreras, Benjamín Hernández-Vázquez, Geovanni Saldierna-Salas
Since the 1990s, radiometric and biophotonic sensor applications have provided reliable alternatives and rapid non-invasive diagnostics for the detection and delimitation of pests and diseases, as well as pesticide traces. Active sensors have been shown to be more accurate in detecting the heterogeneity of environmental factors based on thermal and infrared characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant reflectance. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with infrared cameras locate and delimit weed abundance and diversity using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithms, which highlight heterogeneous chlorophyll activity and herbicide-limited photosynthesis in crops. The resulting map serves as the foundation for collecting plant samples. In this study, the technology of these sensors was applied to determine glyphosate traces using Raman spectroscopy, which allowed a quick, low-cost, simple, and practical diagnosis with immediate results. These are essential characteristics for surveillance and monitoring activities, as well as the basis for a geo-referenced inventory of pesticides in production units. Of the 44 weed samples collected, eight were positive for glyphosate traces: two in corn and six in avocado. Weeds are identified as positive to glyphosate traces in Raman spectroscopy in the carotenoid and phenylpropanoid reduction ranges (1186 and 1213 cm-1) as a result of a decrease in the immune response. The vibrations presented by the amines in glyphosate and the C-OH of the carboxyl group are detected in the range of 1565 and 1567 cm-1.
{"title":"TRACES OF GLYPHOSATE IN CORN (Zea mays L.) AND AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill.) WEEDS SUPPORTED BY VANT AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY","authors":"M. G. Galindo-Mendoza, Rita Schwentensius-Rindermann, Valter Armando Barrera-López, Hugo Ricardo Navarro-Contreras, Benjamín Hernández-Vázquez, Geovanni Saldierna-Salas","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2911","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1990s, radiometric and biophotonic sensor applications have provided reliable alternatives and rapid non-invasive diagnostics for the detection and delimitation of pests and diseases, as well as pesticide traces. Active sensors have been shown to be more accurate in detecting the heterogeneity of environmental factors based on thermal and infrared characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant reflectance. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with infrared cameras locate and delimit weed abundance and diversity using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithms, which highlight heterogeneous chlorophyll activity and herbicide-limited photosynthesis in crops. The resulting map serves as the foundation for collecting plant samples. In this study, the technology of these sensors was applied to determine glyphosate traces using Raman spectroscopy, which allowed a quick, low-cost, simple, and practical diagnosis with immediate results. These are essential characteristics for surveillance and monitoring activities, as well as the basis for a geo-referenced inventory of pesticides in production units. Of the 44 weed samples collected, eight were positive for glyphosate traces: two in corn and six in avocado. Weeds are identified as positive to glyphosate traces in Raman spectroscopy in the carotenoid and phenylpropanoid reduction ranges (1186 and 1213 cm-1) as a result of a decrease in the immune response. The vibrations presented by the amines in glyphosate and the C-OH of the carboxyl group are detected in the range of 1565 and 1567 cm-1.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"176 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2638
Lusmila Herrera-Pérez, Esteban Valtierra-Pacheco, Ignacio Ocampo-Fletes, M. Tornero-Campante, Jorge Antonio Hernández-Plascencia, Ramón Rodríguez-Macías
Tequila is an alcoholic beverage that must be produced exclusively from the species Agave tequilana Weber var. azul (blue) and only in regions with certification of origin within Mexico. The “Tequila Boom” began in 1992, making it a popular beverage in several countries, including Mexico. This boosted exports, production, and the expansion of blue agave plantation areas, which had negative social, economic, and environmental consequences in producing regions and for agave farmers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of sustainability of the Agave tequilana crop in two types of agroecosystems: monoculture and polyculture. The research hypothesis was that the A. tequilana polyculture agroecosystem is more sustainable than monoculture. A random sample of agave farmers from the municipality of Tequila, Jalisco, was surveyed and distributed equally: 25 agave farmers who practice monoculture and 25 who practice polyculture. The methodology was based on and adapted from the Framework for the Evaluation of the Natural Resource Management Systems incorporating Sustainability Indices (MESMIS), which was used to create a Composite Sustainability Indicator for A. tequilana (ICSAT) to compare both agroecosystems. The results show that polyculture is more sustainable than monoculture in 13 of the 15 indicators evaluated. Polyculture displayed a sustainability level of 77.06 % in the Composite Sustainability Indicator, whereas monoculture had 58.43 %. Our conclusion is that the evaluation of sustainability helped to determine that the Agave tequilana polyculture agroecosystem is more sustainable than monoculture.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TWO TYPES OF Agave tequilana Weber var. blue AGROECOSYSTEMS IN TEQUILA, JALISCO","authors":"Lusmila Herrera-Pérez, Esteban Valtierra-Pacheco, Ignacio Ocampo-Fletes, M. Tornero-Campante, Jorge Antonio Hernández-Plascencia, Ramón Rodríguez-Macías","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2638","url":null,"abstract":"Tequila is an alcoholic beverage that must be produced exclusively from the species Agave tequilana Weber var. azul (blue) and only in regions with certification of origin within Mexico. The “Tequila Boom” began in 1992, making it a popular beverage in several countries, including Mexico. This boosted exports, production, and the expansion of blue agave plantation areas, which had negative social, economic, and environmental consequences in producing regions and for agave farmers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of sustainability of the Agave tequilana crop in two types of agroecosystems: monoculture and polyculture. The research hypothesis was that the A. tequilana polyculture agroecosystem is more sustainable than monoculture. A random sample of agave farmers from the municipality of Tequila, Jalisco, was surveyed and distributed equally: 25 agave farmers who practice monoculture and 25 who practice polyculture. The methodology was based on and adapted from the Framework for the Evaluation of the Natural Resource Management Systems incorporating Sustainability Indices (MESMIS), which was used to create a Composite Sustainability Indicator for A. tequilana (ICSAT) to compare both agroecosystems. The results show that polyculture is more sustainable than monoculture in 13 of the 15 indicators evaluated. Polyculture displayed a sustainability level of 77.06 % in the Composite Sustainability Indicator, whereas monoculture had 58.43 %. Our conclusion is that the evaluation of sustainability helped to determine that the Agave tequilana polyculture agroecosystem is more sustainable than monoculture.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"44 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2695
M. Maldonado-Peralta, A. R. Rojas-García, Oswar Cristobal-Santiago
Ruminant grazing in the tropics requires supplementation given the nutritional characteristics of pastures to cover protein needs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield and chemical quality of chepil (Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn) forage at different seeding densities and cutting frequencies to obtain the optimum harvest time. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were planting densities T1: 200 000; T2: 100 000; and T3: 50 000 plants ha-1. The variables evaluated were: dry matter yield, morphological composition, growth rate, leaf:stem ratio, intercepted radiation, plant height, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter, and ash. For the 64-day cutting frequency, the three densities presented the highest yield with 3406, 3500, and 4200 kg MS ha-1, for 200 000, 100 000 and 50 000 plants ha-1, respectively (p < 0.05). PC decreased (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 (23 %) in comparison to T1 (24 %). The planting density with the highest percentage of crude protein was 200 000 plants ha-1 with 24 %. The densities of 100 000 and 50 000 plants ha-1 presented a lower crude protein percentage, with 23 % (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the optimum cutting time is at 36 days of regrowth, when the chepil is planted at a density of 100 000 plants ha-1, and harvested at the frequency of 36 days of regrowth, since 95 % of intercepted radiation and better quality between yield and chemical characteristics, mainly crude protein, are obtained.
{"title":"YIELD AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF CHEPIL (Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn) FORAGE AT DIFFERENT SEEDING DENSITIES AND CUTTING FREQUENCY","authors":"M. Maldonado-Peralta, A. R. Rojas-García, Oswar Cristobal-Santiago","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2695","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminant grazing in the tropics requires supplementation given the nutritional characteristics of pastures to cover protein needs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield and chemical quality of chepil (Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn) forage at different seeding densities and cutting frequencies to obtain the optimum harvest time. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were planting densities T1: 200 000; T2: 100 000; and T3: 50 000 plants ha-1. The variables evaluated were: dry matter yield, morphological composition, growth rate, leaf:stem ratio, intercepted radiation, plant height, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter, and ash. For the 64-day cutting frequency, the three densities presented the highest yield with 3406, 3500, and 4200 kg MS ha-1, for 200 000, 100 000 and 50 000 plants ha-1, respectively (p < 0.05). PC decreased (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 (23 %) in comparison to T1 (24 %). The planting density with the highest percentage of crude protein was 200 000 plants ha-1 with 24 %. The densities of 100 000 and 50 000 plants ha-1 presented a lower crude protein percentage, with 23 % (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the optimum cutting time is at 36 days of regrowth, when the chepil is planted at a density of 100 000 plants ha-1, and harvested at the frequency of 36 days of regrowth, since 95 % of intercepted radiation and better quality between yield and chemical characteristics, mainly crude protein, are obtained.","PeriodicalId":502562,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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