Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104725
Christine G Shao, Natalia Morales, Andrew R Lee
{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Christine G Shao, Natalia Morales, Andrew R Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"104725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104675
Monisha Mohan FRCS, Sajeev Cherian Jacob MS
We report the case of a 7-year-old girl who, following prolonged screen exposure, developed acute comitant esotropia, which progressed within 1 month to a cyclical pattern. For 4 months the cycles followed a 48-hour pattern, afterward progressing to episodes of esotropia lasting for 2 to 3 days interspersed with a day of orthophoria, for another 2 months. Subsequently, the patient developed suppression and constant esotropia. Once the strabismus angles stabilized and remained reproducible, she underwent a 5.5 mm bilateral medial rectus recession. Postoperatively, she achieved orthophoria with restored binocularity and full stereopsis for both distance and near.
{"title":"Progression of acute comitant esotropia into cyclical esotropia in a 7-year-old child","authors":"Monisha Mohan FRCS, Sajeev Cherian Jacob MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the case of a 7-year-old girl who, following prolonged screen exposure, developed acute comitant esotropia, which progressed within 1 month to a cyclical pattern. For 4 months the cycles followed a 48-hour pattern, afterward progressing to episodes of esotropia lasting for 2 to 3 days interspersed with a day of orthophoria, for another 2 months. Subsequently, the patient developed suppression and constant esotropia. Once the strabismus angles stabilized and remained reproducible, she underwent a 5.5 mm bilateral medial rectus recession. Postoperatively, she achieved orthophoria with restored binocularity and full stereopsis for both distance and near.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104699
Nitya Raghu DNB, Hennaav Kaur Dhillon MS
We report 3 siblings born to consanguineous parents who presented with visual loss secondary to bilateral optic atrophy, along with consistent systemic features, such as dysmorphic facies, sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, and global developmental delay. Imaging revealed severe optic canal narrowing with associated nerve compression. Genetic analysis in the eldest sibling identified likely pathogenic heterozygous variants in both COL2A1 and COL11A2 genes, indicating a dual collagenopathy phenotype. This case series underscores the importance of considering blended genetic diagnoses in complex phenotypes and highlights the role of optic canal stenosis as a significant cause of vision loss in collagen-related skeletal dysplasias.
{"title":"Blended collagenopathy and optic atrophy: a novel phenotype","authors":"Nitya Raghu DNB, Hennaav Kaur Dhillon MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report 3 siblings born to consanguineous parents who presented with visual loss secondary to bilateral optic atrophy, along with consistent systemic features, such as dysmorphic facies, sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, and global developmental delay. Imaging revealed severe optic canal narrowing with associated nerve compression. Genetic analysis in the eldest sibling identified likely pathogenic heterozygous variants in both <em>COL2A1</em> and <em>COL11A2</em> genes, indicating a dual collagenopathy phenotype. This case series underscores the importance of considering blended genetic diagnoses in complex phenotypes and highlights the role of optic canal stenosis as a significant cause of vision loss in collagen-related skeletal dysplasias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104683
Mark Lindquist BS , Stefan T. Stafie , Cameron Ward MD , Alexis Dassler ARNP , Debarshi Mustafi MD, PhD
This study compares oral ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA) to fundus photography in the detection of sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) and discusses the impact of genotype on SCR development. Thirty-two patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), 7-21 years of age, who underwent SCR screening with both imaging modalities were included. Four retina specialists masked to clinical information assessed SCR severity using the Goldberg classification system; their findings were compared to grades by an unmasked pediatric vitreoretinal specialist. In evaluating the UWF-FA images, the masked graders identified SCR in all 16 cases, as did the unmasked grader, but using fundus photographs they indicated the presence of SCR in only 75% of the same cases. SCR was more prevalent among HbSC (83%) and Hb-beta thalassemia trait (100%) patients compared with HbSS (38%).
{"title":"Oral fluorescein angiography allows for more precise detection of sickle cell retinopathy in pediatric patients","authors":"Mark Lindquist BS , Stefan T. Stafie , Cameron Ward MD , Alexis Dassler ARNP , Debarshi Mustafi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares oral ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA) to fundus photography in the detection of sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) and discusses the impact of genotype on SCR development. Thirty-two patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), 7-21 years of age, who underwent SCR screening with both imaging modalities were included. Four retina specialists masked to clinical information assessed SCR severity using the Goldberg classification system; their findings were compared to grades by an unmasked pediatric vitreoretinal specialist. In evaluating the UWF-FA images, the masked graders identified SCR in all 16 cases, as did the unmasked grader, but using fundus photographs they indicated the presence of SCR in only 75% of the same cases. SCR was more prevalent among HbSC (83%) and Hb-beta thalassemia trait (100%) patients compared with HbSS (38%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104677
Shruti Nishanth MD , Shanmugapriya M DNB , Vidhyalakshmi S BOptom , Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel MD , Marlies Gijs PhD , Tos T.J.M. Berendschot PhD , Noël J.C. Bauer MD, PhD
We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with stable bilateral simple myopia who underwent strabismus surgery of the left eye for intermittent exotropia. One month following surgery, myopia had progressed to 2.5 D in the operated eye, increasing to 4.5 D by 1 year. Myopic progression was stabilized following treatment with low-dose atropine. The refractive error in the unoperated right eye showed mild increase. The mechanisms that may have precipitated postoperative progressive myopia in this case are discussed.
{"title":"A case of unilateral progression of myopia after strabismus surgery","authors":"Shruti Nishanth MD , Shanmugapriya M DNB , Vidhyalakshmi S BOptom , Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel MD , Marlies Gijs PhD , Tos T.J.M. Berendschot PhD , Noël J.C. Bauer MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with stable bilateral simple myopia who underwent strabismus surgery of the left eye for intermittent exotropia. One month following surgery, myopia had progressed to 2.5 D in the operated eye, increasing to 4.5 D by 1 year. Myopic progression was stabilized following treatment with low-dose atropine. The refractive error in the unoperated right eye showed mild increase. The mechanisms that may have precipitated postoperative progressive myopia in this case are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104697
Jin-Guo Chen MS , Ke-Xin Mo MS , Qing-Qing Huang MS , Guan-Yu Ruan MD, PhD
Purpose
To identify predictive factors for persistent avascular retina (PAR) following primary intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) monotherapy in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Methods
The medical records of 69 infants (128 eyes) with type 1 or aggressive ROP treated with IVR at a single center between July 2019 and March 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Retinal vascular outgrowth speed (RVOS) was quantitatively assessed 2 months after IVR. Clinical parameters were evaluated, including birth weight, gestational age, cumulative clock hours of ROP lesions (ROP CCH), postmenstrual age (PMA) at IVR, ROP severity, and postnatal age (PNA) at IVR. Significant predictors from univariate analysis were incorporated into a multivariable logistic regression model presented as a nomogram.
Results
The mean RVOS was 0.9 ± 0.6 disk diameters (DD)/month at 2 months post-IVR, with significantly faster vascular outgrowth in treated eyes compared to untreated fellow eyes (P < 0.05). Complete retinal vascularization was achieved in 69 eyes (53.9%) by 64 weeks PMA (±2 week), whereas PAR persisted in 59 eyes (46.1%). Multivariable analysis revealed four independent PAR predictors: slower RVOS (OR = 0.024 for faster RVOS), larger ROP CCH (OR = 2.263), later PNA at IVR (OR = 1.041), and advanced ROP severity (OR = 31.67). The developed nomogram showed excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.948) and calibration (P = 0.055).
Conclusions
Slower RVOS, advanced ROP severity, larger ROP CCH, and later PNA at IVR were independent PAR predictors. The nomogram reliably stratified risk for post-IVR management.
{"title":"Predictors of persistent avascular retina in retinopathy of prematurity treated with intravitreal ranibizumab","authors":"Jin-Guo Chen MS , Ke-Xin Mo MS , Qing-Qing Huang MS , Guan-Yu Ruan MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To identify predictive factors for persistent avascular retina (PAR) following primary intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) monotherapy in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The medical records of 69 infants (128 eyes) with type 1 or aggressive ROP treated with IVR at a single center between July 2019 and March 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Retinal vascular outgrowth speed (RVOS) was quantitatively assessed 2 months after IVR. Clinical parameters were evaluated, including birth weight, gestational age, cumulative clock hours of ROP lesions (ROP CCH), postmenstrual age (PMA) at IVR, ROP severity, and postnatal age (PNA) at IVR. Significant predictors from univariate analysis were incorporated into a multivariable logistic regression model presented as a nomogram.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean RVOS was 0.9 ± 0.6 disk diameters (DD)/month at 2 months post-IVR, with significantly faster vascular outgrowth in treated eyes compared to untreated fellow eyes (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Complete retinal vascularization was achieved in 69 eyes (53.9%) by 64 weeks PMA (±2 week), whereas PAR persisted in 59 eyes (46.1%). Multivariable analysis revealed four independent PAR predictors: slower RVOS (OR = 0.024 for faster RVOS), larger ROP CCH (OR = 2.263), later PNA at IVR (OR = 1.041), and advanced ROP severity (OR = 31.67). The developed nomogram showed excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.948) and calibration (<em>P</em> = 0.055).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Slower RVOS, advanced ROP severity, larger ROP CCH, and later PNA at IVR were independent PAR predictors. The nomogram reliably stratified risk for post-IVR management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To compare the incidence, timing, and visual outcomes of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) following pediatric cataract surgery comprising either posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without anterior vitrectomy (PCCC−) or pars plana posterior capsulectomy with anterior vitrectomy (PPPC+).
Methods
The medical records of pediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital cataract at a single tertiary care facility from January 2013 to December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. All eyes underwent primary intraocular lens implantation at the time of cataract surgery. A total of 643 eyes underwent PCCC− and 628 underwent PPPC+. Outcomes included PCO incidence, age at diagnosis, time to development, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Results
PCO incidence was significantly higher in the PCCC− group than in the PPPC+ group (144 [22.4%] vs 62 [9.9%] P < 0.001). Patients who developed PCO underwent initial cataract surgery at a mean age of 2.73 ± 2.04 years in the PCCC− group and 2.03 ± 1.63 years the PPPC+ group (P = 0.02). Age at PCO diagnosis was 3.87 ± 1.92 years in the PCCC− group and 5.28 ± 2.83 years in the PPPC+ group (P = 0.001). Time to PCO development was 1.84 ± 1.13 years in the PCCC− group and 2.56 ± 1.56 years in the PPPC+ group (P = 0.003). Of the 206 patients who developed PCO, 121 patients (58.7%) were cooperative for optotype testing. Preoperative BCVA was similar between groups (1.72 ± 0.59 and 1.68 ± 0.46 logMAR for PPPC− and PCCC+, resp. [P = 0.865]); postoperative BCVA improved significantly within each group (P < 0.001), with no intergroup difference (0.88 ± 0.40 and 0.93 ± 0.46 logMAR for PPPC− and PCCC+, resp. [P = 0.612]). The other 85 noncooperative children (41.3%) showed postoperative improvement in ability to fix and follow objects in both the PCCC− group and the PPPC+ group (9.6% to 92.3% and 6.1% to 90.9% [both P < 0.001]).
Conclusions
Combined capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy markedly reduces and delays PCO compared to PCCC alone, with equivalent visual gains.
{"title":"Posterior capsule opacification in children: comparison of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis alone and pars plana posterior capsulectomy with anterior vitrectomy","authors":"Lukpan Orazbekov MD , Kairat Ruslanuly MD , Aibek Kurakbay MD , Gulnar Zhurgumbayeva MD , Raushan Bakhytbek MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare the incidence, timing, and visual outcomes of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) following pediatric cataract surgery comprising either posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without anterior vitrectomy (PCCC−) or pars plana posterior capsulectomy with anterior vitrectomy (PPPC+).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The medical records of pediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital cataract at a single tertiary care facility from January 2013 to December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. All eyes underwent primary intraocular lens implantation at the time of cataract surgery. A total of 643 eyes underwent PCCC− and 628 underwent PPPC+. Outcomes included PCO incidence, age at diagnosis, time to development, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PCO incidence was significantly higher in the PCCC− group than in the PPPC+ group (144 [22.4%] vs 62 [9.9%] <em>P</em> < 0.001). Patients who developed PCO underwent initial cataract surgery at a mean age of 2.73 ± 2.04 years in the PCCC− group and 2.03 ± 1.63 years the PPPC+ group (<em>P</em> = 0.02). Age at PCO diagnosis was 3.87 ± 1.92 years in the PCCC− group and 5.28 ± 2.83 years in the PPPC+ group (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Time to PCO development was 1.84 ± 1.13 years in the PCCC− group and 2.56 ± 1.56 years in the PPPC+ group (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Of the 206 patients who developed PCO, 121 patients (58.7%) were cooperative for optotype testing. Preoperative BCVA was similar between groups (1.72 ± 0.59 and 1.68 ± 0.46 logMAR for PPPC− and PCCC+, resp. [<em>P</em> = 0.865]); postoperative BCVA improved significantly within each group (<em>P</em> < 0.001), with no intergroup difference (0.88 ± 0.40 and 0.93 ± 0.46 logMAR for PPPC− and PCCC+, resp. [<em>P</em> = 0.612]). The other 85 noncooperative children (41.3%) showed postoperative improvement in ability to fix and follow objects in both the PCCC− group and the PPPC+ group (9.6% to 92.3% and 6.1% to 90.9% [both <em>P</em> < 0.001]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Combined capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy markedly reduces and delays PCO compared to PCCC alone, with equivalent visual gains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104691
Bo Wang MD, PhD , Rizul Naithani DO, MPH , Samuel Alvarez MD , Nathan Cheung OD , Jeffrey Liu MD , Mays El-Dairi MD , Sharon F. Freedman MD
Background
Virtual reality–based field (VRF) perimetry presents an alternative to standard automated perimetry, offering both game-based and Humphrey-equivalent algorithms. Comparative performance of these two algorithms is not well-documented. We evaluated the performance of children with healthy eyes and those with known or suspected glaucoma using both VRF algorithms.
Methods
Pediatric patients (children with healthy eyes and with known or suspected glaucoma) were prospectively enrolled to take VisuALL VRF (Olleyes) using a game-based test and a Humphrey-equivalent test; a subset of 49 eyes were also tested with table-top Humphrey visual field (HVF) perimetry. The two algorithms were evaluated based on test duration, foveal sensitivity, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and patient preference, assessed by means of a questionnaire.
Results
A total of 71 eyes of 36 participants were included: 42 healthy control eyes, 4 glaucoma suspects, and 25 with known childhood glaucoma. Mean patient age was 10.9 ± 2.6 years (range, 6-17). For game-based versus Humphrey-equivalent algorithms, average MD (−2.78 ± 6.5 vs −3.41 ± 6.4 dB) and foveal sensitivity (30.3 ± 9.0 vs 31.3 ± 6.6 dB) were not statistically significantly different (P = 0.39 vs 0.79, resp.). Comparison using linear mixed-effects modeling showed a positive correlation between visual field parameters from the two VRF test types for both MD (P < 0.001) and PSD (P < 0.001). Test duration was longest for game-based VRF (5.7 min ± 1.8 min) compared with Humphrey-equivalent VRF perimetry (2.6 min ± 0.4 min) and HVF (4.2 ± 1.1 min), but most participants preferred it.
Conclusions
Game-based and Humphrey-equivalent VRFs showed good correlation with respect to one another for visual field parameters for both healthy eyes and those with known or suspected glaucoma. Most children preferred the game-based VRF despite its longer duration.
背景：基于虚拟现实的视野测量（VRF）提供了标准自动视野测量的替代方案，提供基于游戏和汉弗莱等效算法。这两种算法的性能比较没有很好的文献记录。我们使用两种VRF算法评估了健康眼睛儿童和已知或疑似青光眼儿童的表现。方法：前瞻性招募儿童患者（眼睛正常和已知或疑似青光眼的儿童），使用基于游戏的测试和汉弗莱等效测试服用VisuALL VRF (Olleyes)；49只眼睛的子集也进行了桌面汉弗莱视野（HVF）验光。两种算法根据测试时间、中央凹敏感性、平均偏差（MD）、模式标准差（PSD）和患者偏好进行评估，并通过问卷进行评估。结果：36名受试者共71只眼，其中健康对照眼42只，疑似青光眼4只，已知儿童期青光眼25只。患者平均年龄为10.9±2.6岁（范围6-17岁）。对于基于游戏的算法和等效汉弗莱算法，平均MD（-2.78±6.5 vs -3.41±6.4 dB）和中央凹灵敏度（30.3±9.0 vs 31.3±6.6 dB）无统计学差异（P = 0.39 vs 0.79）。使用线性混合效应模型进行比较显示，两种VRF测试类型的视野参数在MD （P < 0.001）和PSD （P < 0.001）之间呈正相关。基于游戏的VRF测试持续时间（5.7 min±1.8 min）比等效的VRF测量（2.6 min±0.4 min）和HVF（4.2±1.1 min）最长，但大多数参与者更喜欢基于游戏的VRF。结论：在健康眼睛和已知或疑似青光眼患者的视野参数方面，基于游戏的vrf和汉弗莱等效vrf均表现出良好的相关性。大多数孩子更喜欢基于游戏的虚拟现实游戏，尽管它的持续时间更长。
{"title":"Virtual reality field testing in children with normal eyes and glaucoma: comparison of game-based versus Humphrey visual field–equivalent algorithms","authors":"Bo Wang MD, PhD , Rizul Naithani DO, MPH , Samuel Alvarez MD , Nathan Cheung OD , Jeffrey Liu MD , Mays El-Dairi MD , Sharon F. Freedman MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Virtual reality–based field (VRF) perimetry presents an alternative to standard automated perimetry, offering both game-based and Humphrey-equivalent algorithms. Comparative performance of these two algorithms is not well-documented. We evaluated the performance of children with healthy eyes and those with known or suspected glaucoma using both VRF algorithms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pediatric patients (children with healthy eyes and with known or suspected glaucoma) were prospectively enrolled to take VisuALL VRF (Olleyes) using a game-based test and a Humphrey-equivalent test; a subset of 49 eyes were also tested with table-top Humphrey visual field (HVF) perimetry. The two algorithms were evaluated based on test duration, foveal sensitivity, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and patient preference, assessed by means of a questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 71 eyes of 36 participants were included: 42 healthy control eyes, 4 glaucoma suspects, and 25 with known childhood glaucoma. Mean patient age was 10.9 ± 2.6 years (range, 6-17). For game-based versus Humphrey-equivalent algorithms, average MD (−2.78 ± 6.5 vs −3.41 ± 6.4 dB) and foveal sensitivity (30.3 ± 9.0 vs 31.3 ± 6.6 dB) were not statistically significantly different (<em>P</em> = 0.39 vs 0.79, resp.). Comparison using linear mixed-effects modeling showed a positive correlation between visual field parameters from the two VRF test types for both MD (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and PSD (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Test duration was longest for game-based VRF (5.7 min ± 1.8 min) compared with Humphrey-equivalent VRF perimetry (2.6 min ± 0.4 min) and HVF (4.2 ± 1.1 min), but most participants preferred it.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Game-based and Humphrey-equivalent VRFs showed good correlation with respect to one another for visual field parameters for both healthy eyes and those with known or suspected glaucoma. Most children preferred the game-based VRF despite its longer duration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104702
Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch MD, DPhil
{"title":"New in 2026: revamping submission categories and piloting a program for fledgling reviewers","authors":"Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch MD, DPhil","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine the frequency of amblyopia in preschoolers and school-age children with alternating esotropia.
Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study analyzed the preoperative medical records of patients 3-10 years of age with confirmed alternating esotropia evaluated between 2012 and January 2024. Patients with motor or cognitive disabilities, ocular pathologies, or craniofacial anomalies were excluded, as were those with prior ocular surgeries or vertical deviations. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations assessed refractive error, visual acuity, angle of deviation, and density of amblyopia.
Results
A total of 767 subjects (mean age, 6.9 ± 1.8 years; 41.4% female) with alternating esotropia were included. Of these, 151 (19.7%) were diagnosed with varying degrees of amblyopia: mild in 87 patients (57.6%), moderate in 60 (39.8%), and severe in 4 (2.7%). Thirty-seven of the amblyopic patients (24.5%) showed evidence of anisometropia; specifically, 32 (21.2%) had anisohyperopia, 4 (2.7%) had anisomyopia, and 1 (0.7%) had anisoastigmatism. Of the 616 nonamblyopic participants, 36 individuals (5.8%) had anisometropia.
Conclusions
The alternating nature of esotropia does not necessarily ensure the absence of amblyopia in children who are candidates for strabismus surgery. The high prevalence of amblyopia highlights the importance of thorough assessment and careful attention to the detection of amblyopia in this patient population.
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