Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104682
Sidratul Rahman MD , Vincent Sun MD , Christine Saint-Martin MD , Daniela Toffoli MD
We report 4 patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), all exhibiting midline brain abnormalities and all showing either optic nerve hypoplasia or dysplasia. Each of the patients has a unique pathogenic variant in CSS-related genes, including SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, and ARID2, all of which encode components of the BRG1/BRM-associated factor chromatin remodeling complex. The diversity of mutations highlights the molecular heterogeneity of CSS and its potential link to shared developmental pathways affecting the optic nerve.
{"title":"Optic nerve hypoplasia/dysplasia in Coffin-Siris syndrome: a case series","authors":"Sidratul Rahman MD , Vincent Sun MD , Christine Saint-Martin MD , Daniela Toffoli MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report 4 patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), all exhibiting midline brain abnormalities and all showing either optic nerve hypoplasia or dysplasia. Each of the patients has a unique pathogenic variant in CSS-related genes, including <em>SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCE1</em>, and <em>ARID2</em>, all of which encode components of the BRG1/BRM-associated factor chromatin remodeling complex. The diversity of mutations highlights the molecular heterogeneity of CSS and its potential link to shared developmental pathways affecting the optic nerve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104695
Hala ElHilali MD, Ahmed Awadein MD, Rokaya Radwan MD, Jylan Gouda MD, Heba M. Fouad MD
Purpose
To identify the incidence of and risk factors for development of spontaneous consecutive exotropia during management of fully accommodative esotropia with optical correction.
Methods
The medical records of patients who presented with an initial diagnosis of fully accommodative esotropia and converted to exotropia during their management were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a minimum of 3 years’ follow-up were included. The following data were extracted from the record: age of onset, refractive error, glasses prescription, angles of deviation, visual acuity, and stereoacuity.
Results
A total of 178 children with fully accommodative esotropia were identified. Mean age of esotropia onset was 2.3 ±1.4 years; of initial glasses prescription, 2.9 ± 1.5 years. We calculated the mean spherical equivalent by averaging the values of both eyes for each patient. Mean spherical equivalent of both eyes was +4.3 ± 1.8 D. The mean follow-up was 6.9 ± 3.7 years. Consecutive exotropia developed in 31 children (17.4%) at a mean of 3.5 ± 3.6 years after prescription of spectacles. Children who developed consecutive exotropia had a higher initial spherical error (P = 0.02), higher initial cylindrical error (P = 0.01), and higher prevalence of neurological problems (P = 0.01) on multivariable analysis. Higher prevalence of amblyopia (P < 0.001) and vertical deviation (P < 0.001) were detected in the spontaneous exodeviation group on univariate analysis only. There was no statistically significant difference between spontaneous exotropia following accommodative esotropia and accommodative esotropia groups as a whole in terms of age of onset, the age of initiation of spectacles, angles of deviation, stereoacuity, or the time of initiation of reduction of hyperopic prescription.
Conclusions
High hyperopia (≥5 D), high astigmatic errors (≥1.5 D), and presence of neurological problems are risk factors for development of spontaneous exotropia among accommodative esotropia patients. Long-term follow-up is recommended for patients who have identifiable risk factors.
{"title":"Predictors of nonsurgical consecutive exotropia following accommodative esotropia","authors":"Hala ElHilali MD, Ahmed Awadein MD, Rokaya Radwan MD, Jylan Gouda MD, Heba M. Fouad MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To identify the incidence of and risk factors for development of spontaneous consecutive exotropia during management of fully accommodative esotropia with optical correction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The medical records of patients who presented with an initial diagnosis of fully accommodative esotropia and converted to exotropia during their management were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a minimum of 3 years’ follow-up were included. The following data were extracted from the record: age of onset, refractive error, glasses prescription, angles of deviation, visual acuity, and stereoacuity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 178 children with fully accommodative esotropia were identified. Mean age of esotropia onset was 2.3 ±1.4 years; of initial glasses prescription, 2.9 ± 1.5 years. We calculated the mean spherical equivalent by averaging the values of both eyes for each patient. Mean spherical equivalent of both eyes was +4.3 ± 1.8 D. The mean follow-up was 6.9 ± 3.7 years. Consecutive exotropia developed in 31 children (17.4%) at a mean of 3.5 ± 3.6 years after prescription of spectacles. Children who developed consecutive exotropia had a higher initial spherical error (<em>P</em> = 0.02), higher initial cylindrical error (<em>P</em> = 0.01), and higher prevalence of neurological problems (<em>P</em> = 0.01) on multivariable analysis. Higher prevalence of amblyopia (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and vertical deviation (<em>P</em> < 0.001) were detected in the spontaneous exodeviation group on univariate analysis only. There was no statistically significant difference between spontaneous exotropia following accommodative esotropia and accommodative esotropia groups as a whole in terms of age of onset, the age of initiation of spectacles, angles of deviation, stereoacuity, or the time of initiation of reduction of hyperopic prescription.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High hyperopia (≥5 D), high astigmatic errors (≥1.5 D), and presence of neurological problems are risk factors for development of spontaneous exotropia among accommodative esotropia patients. Long-term follow-up is recommended for patients who have identifiable risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with Down syndrome (DS) presenting with primary epiphora.
Methods
The medical records of children with DS referred to a tertiary academic children’s hospital between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed, and 63 patients with primary epiphora were included in our analysis. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and surgical intervention outcomes were analyzed.
Results
Forty-two patients (67%) had epiphora since birth, and 12 patients (19%) developed symptoms after the first year of life. Of the 40 patients who underwent lacrimal syringing, 28 (70%) showed passage, and 12 showed obstruction. Surgical intervention was performed in 18 patients. Either office-based probing under local anesthesia or endoluminal lacrimal duct recanalization (ELDR) with stent intubation under general anesthesia was performed. In the 18 patients who underwent surgery, surgical outcomes were as follows: complete resolution of symptoms in 7 patients, partial resolution in 10 patients, and failure in 1 patient. Dacryoendoscopy revealed dense white fibrous tissue obstructing the mucosal surface of the nasolacrimal duct in several cases, indicating chronic inflammatory changes.
Conclusions
Dacryoendoscopic findings revealed not only stenotic lacrimal passages due to developmental anomalies of the lacrimal drainage system but also fibrous obstruction secondary to chronic inflammation. Surgical intervention limited to probing or ELDR resulted in only partial symptom improvement in two-thirds of patients, without achieving complete resolution.
{"title":"Endoscopic and surgical evaluation of epiphora in children with Down syndrome","authors":"Jutaro Nakamura MD, PhD , Mizuki Asano MD , Tomoko Ohno MD, PhD , Satoshi Goto MD, PhD , Nobuhisa Mizuki MD, PhD , Nozomi Matsumura MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with Down syndrome (DS) presenting with primary epiphora.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The medical records of children with DS referred to a tertiary academic children’s hospital between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed, and 63 patients with primary epiphora were included in our analysis. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and surgical intervention outcomes were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-two patients (67%) had epiphora since birth, and 12 patients (19%) developed symptoms after the first year of life. Of the 40 patients who underwent lacrimal syringing, 28 (70%) showed passage, and 12 showed obstruction. Surgical intervention was performed in 18 patients. Either office-based probing under local anesthesia or endoluminal lacrimal duct recanalization (ELDR) with stent intubation under general anesthesia was performed. In the 18 patients who underwent surgery, surgical outcomes were as follows: complete resolution of symptoms in 7 patients, partial resolution in 10 patients, and failure in 1 patient. Dacryoendoscopy revealed dense white fibrous tissue obstructing the mucosal surface of the nasolacrimal duct in several cases, indicating chronic inflammatory changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dacryoendoscopic findings revealed not only stenotic lacrimal passages due to developmental anomalies of the lacrimal drainage system but also fibrous obstruction secondary to chronic inflammation. Surgical intervention limited to probing or ELDR resulted in only partial symptom improvement in two-thirds of patients, without achieving complete resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are among the most frequent central nervous system tumors in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), yet their prevalence has not been systematically synthesized. Pooled prevalence estimates are important to inform clinical surveillance practices, particularly given the critical role of early symptom detection in preserving vision and the debate regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance in asymptomatic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OPG in children (<18 years) with NF1 based on pooled data in the literature and describe its variability.
Methods
The databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched without language or date restrictions. Eligible studies reported OPG prevalence in patients with NF1 <18 years of age. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality. Studies meeting minimum methodological quality were included in our meta-analysis, and subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 38 studies encompassing 6,314 patients were included in the qualitative synthesis; 27 studies (5,485 patients) were subject to meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of optic pathway gliomas was 17% (95% CI, 14%-20%), with low certainty according to GRADE. Subgroup analysis found no significant association in reported rates across MRI surveillance strategies, and a focused meta-regression directly comparing routine and symptom-based approaches showed similar results. Analyses by continent, sample size, and quality score revealed no significant differences.
Conclusions
Our results provide the first pooled evidence prevalence estimate of OPG in children and adolescents with NF1 and highlight the importance of close monitoring, reinforcing guidelines that favor a symptom-based MRI approach and suggesting no clear advantage of routine imaging.
背景：视神经胶质瘤（OPGs）是1型神经纤维瘤病（NF1）患儿中最常见的中枢神经系统肿瘤之一，但其患病率尚未系统综合。综合患病率估计对于临床监测实践非常重要，特别是考虑到早期症状检测在保护视力方面的关键作用以及关于无症状患者的磁共振成像（MRI）监测的争论。本研究的目的是调查儿童OPG的患病率(方法：检索PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science和Cochrane CENTRAL数据库，无语言和日期限制。合格的研究报告了NF1患者的OPG患病率。结果：定性综合纳入了38项研究，包括6314名患者；27项研究（5485例患者）纳入meta分析。视神经胶质瘤的总患病率为17% (95% CI, 14%-20%)，根据GRADE，确定性较低。亚组分析发现，MRI监测策略中报告的发病率没有显著关联，直接比较常规方法和基于症状的方法的集中meta回归显示了相似的结果。大陆、样本量和质量评分的分析显示没有显著差异。结论：我们的研究结果首次提供了NF1儿童和青少年OPG患病率的综合证据估计，强调了密切监测的重要性，强化了基于症状的MRI方法的指南，并表明常规成像没有明显的优势。
{"title":"Prevalence of optic pathway glioma in NF1: a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on MRI surveillance","authors":"Michail Angelos Gkikas MD, MSc , Anna Nikolaidou MD, MSc , Athanasia Sandali MD , Konstantinos Benekos MD, MSc , Ioannis Tsinopoulos MD, PhD , Lampros Lamprogiannis MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are among the most frequent central nervous system tumors in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), yet their prevalence has not been systematically synthesized. Pooled prevalence estimates are important to inform clinical surveillance practices, particularly given the critical role of early symptom detection in preserving vision and the debate regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance in asymptomatic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OPG in children (<18 years) with NF1 based on pooled data in the literature and describe its variability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched without language or date restrictions. Eligible studies reported OPG prevalence in patients with NF1 <18 years of age. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality. Studies meeting minimum methodological quality were included in our meta-analysis, and subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 38 studies encompassing 6,314 patients were included in the qualitative synthesis; 27 studies (5,485 patients) were subject to meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of optic pathway gliomas was 17% (95% CI, 14%-20%), with low certainty according to GRADE. Subgroup analysis found no significant association in reported rates across MRI surveillance strategies, and a focused meta-regression directly comparing routine and symptom-based approaches showed similar results. Analyses by continent, sample size, and quality score revealed no significant differences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results provide the first pooled evidence prevalence estimate of OPG in children and adolescents with NF1 and highlight the importance of close monitoring, reinforcing guidelines that favor a symptom-based MRI approach and suggesting no clear advantage of routine imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104659
Jeffrey Kuziel MD, Margaret Strampe MD, Joel VandeLune, Christian Zirbes, Scott Larson MD, Alina Dumitrescu MD
Background
Premature infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) reach complete retinal vascularization at various postmenstrual ages (PMAs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect the age at which the infant eyes reach retinal vascular maturity.
Methods
We reviewed patients screened for ROP at our institution between December 13, 2007, and December 30, 2020. Data extracted included demographics, gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW), ROP examinations, age and weight at retinal maturity, surgical procedures, ventilation status, antibiotic treatment, positive blood cultures, blood transfusions, and central line placement.
Results
A total of 1,971 patients were analyzed. The mean GA at birth was 28 weeks, and the mean BW was 1,096 g. Mean PMA for retinal maturity was 44.90 weeks. Mean PMA at retinal maturity was higher for infants born at an earlier GA (P < 0.0001). Additionally, infants who underwent nonocular surgery reached retinal maturity at significantly high PMA (P < 0.0001). Infants with stage 1 ROP or greater had a significantly longer time from birth to retinal maturity (P < 0.0001) and those with stage 2 or 3 disease reached retinal maturity at even older chronological ages (P < 0.0001). Chronological age at retinal maturity was also higher for children with positive blood cultures or who received transfusions ≥5 units (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Postmenstrual age at retinal maturity and chronological age at retinal maturity both vary widely among infants at risk of ROP, and are associated with a variety of ocular and systemic clinical predictors.
{"title":"Factors influencing the timing of complete retinal vascularization in infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity","authors":"Jeffrey Kuziel MD, Margaret Strampe MD, Joel VandeLune, Christian Zirbes, Scott Larson MD, Alina Dumitrescu MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Premature infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) reach complete retinal vascularization at various postmenstrual ages (PMAs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect the age at which the infant eyes reach retinal vascular maturity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We reviewed patients screened for ROP at our institution between December 13, 2007, and December 30, 2020. Data extracted included demographics, gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW), ROP examinations, age and weight at retinal maturity, surgical procedures, ventilation status, antibiotic treatment, positive blood cultures, blood transfusions, and central line placement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1,971 patients were analyzed. The mean GA at birth was 28 weeks, and the mean BW was 1,096 g. Mean PMA for retinal maturity was 44.90 weeks. Mean PMA at retinal maturity was higher for infants born at an earlier GA (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Additionally, infants who underwent nonocular surgery reached retinal maturity at significantly high PMA (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Infants with stage 1 ROP or greater had a significantly longer time from birth to retinal maturity (<em>P</em> < 0.0001) and those with stage 2 or 3 disease reached retinal maturity at even older chronological ages (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Chronological age at retinal maturity was also higher for children with positive blood cultures or who received transfusions ≥5 units (<em>P</em> < 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Postmenstrual age at retinal maturity and chronological age at retinal maturity both vary widely among infants at risk of ROP, and are associated with a variety of ocular and systemic clinical predictors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104676
Richard D. House BA , Weiliang Wang MD , Megan X. Law MD , Michael P. Kelly FOPS , S. Grace Prakalapakorn MD, MPH
We present a novel finding of multiple, bilateral prominent choroidal macrovessels with pulsations visible on funduscopic examination and confirmed by optical coherence tomography in a 9-day-old infant with trisomy 18.
{"title":"Multiple, bilateral choroidal macrovessels with visible pulsations in an infant with trisomy 18","authors":"Richard D. House BA , Weiliang Wang MD , Megan X. Law MD , Michael P. Kelly FOPS , S. Grace Prakalapakorn MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel finding of multiple, bilateral prominent choroidal macrovessels with pulsations visible on funduscopic examination and confirmed by optical coherence tomography in a 9-day-old infant with trisomy 18.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145368869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S1091-8531(25)00605-6
{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1091-8531(25)00605-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1091-8531(25)00605-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104689
Josephine Rudd Zhong Manis BS , Brenton T. Bicknell BS , Haley Chishom BS , Yejin Heo BS , Lance Dzubinski BS , Alvina Liang BS , Taylor Aaserud BS , Shayan Massoumi BS , Thanushri Srikantha BS , Robert Tauscher MD , Steven E. Brooks MD
Purpose
To identify key factors associated with attaining leadership positions among US academic pediatric ophthalmologists, with a focus on gender, fellowship training, years of practice, research productivity, and variables related to their academic institutions.
Methods
This cross-sectional study reviewed publicly available data accessed through institutional websites. Faculty-specific variables included gender, years since residency graduation, academic rank, leadership roles, and research productivity (eg, H-index, number of publications). Institutional variables included public/private designation and location within US census regions. Research metrics were derived from Scopus. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s χ2, the Fischer exact test, and the t test were used for statistical analysis, with significance at P < 0.05.
Results
Of 125 US-based ophthalmology programs, 517 pediatric ophthalmology faculty were characterized. Women comprised 54.6% of faculty. Academic rank and H-index were strongly associated with leadership positions (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, resp.) in multivariable analysis, whereas years since fellowship completion, gender, number of fellowships, and advanced degrees were not. Women full professors had fewer years since fellowship than men (24 vs 36 years [P < 0.001]). Female leadership distribution mirrored faculty averages by region.
Conclusions
Academic rank and research productivity by H-Index are critical factors for achieving leadership roles for academic pediatric ophthalmologists, whereas years since fellowship graduation was not. Underrepresentation of women in full professor and senior leadership roles may reflect a lag in promotions corresponding to the increasing presence of women in pediatric ophthalmology in recent decades.
{"title":"Examining key factors on the road to leadership positions among pediatric ophthalmology faculty","authors":"Josephine Rudd Zhong Manis BS , Brenton T. Bicknell BS , Haley Chishom BS , Yejin Heo BS , Lance Dzubinski BS , Alvina Liang BS , Taylor Aaserud BS , Shayan Massoumi BS , Thanushri Srikantha BS , Robert Tauscher MD , Steven E. Brooks MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To identify key factors associated with attaining leadership positions among US academic pediatric ophthalmologists, with a focus on gender, fellowship training, years of practice, research productivity, and variables related to their academic institutions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study reviewed publicly available data accessed through institutional websites. Faculty-specific variables included gender, years since residency graduation, academic rank, leadership roles, and research productivity (eg, H-index, number of publications). Institutional variables included public/private designation and location within US census regions. Research metrics were derived from Scopus. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s χ<sup>2</sup>, the Fischer exact test, and the <em>t</em> test were used for statistical analysis, with significance at <em>P</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 125 US-based ophthalmology programs, 517 pediatric ophthalmology faculty were characterized. Women comprised 54.6% of faculty. Academic rank and H-index were strongly associated with leadership positions (<em>P</em> < 0.001 and <em>P</em> = 0.008, resp.) in multivariable analysis, whereas years since fellowship completion, gender, number of fellowships, and advanced degrees were not. Women full professors had fewer years since fellowship than men (24 vs 36 years [<em>P</em> < 0.001]). Female leadership distribution mirrored faculty averages by region.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Academic rank and research productivity by H-Index are critical factors for achieving leadership roles for academic pediatric ophthalmologists, whereas years since fellowship graduation was not. Underrepresentation of women in full professor and senior leadership roles may reflect a lag in promotions corresponding to the increasing presence of women in pediatric ophthalmology in recent decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104679
Rachel F. Dolan BS , Deanna H. Dang MD , Ahmad Abdel-Aty MD , Andrew T. Melson MD , Tammy L. Yanovitch MD, MHSc
We report the case of a previously healthy 33-month-old boy with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) who presented with bilateral eye swelling, redness, and photophobia of 1 month’s duration following multiple misdiagnoses. After confirming VAD with serum vitamin A level testing, he was treated with vitamin A, and his eye complaints improved. However, he continues to have a corneal scar and is currently undergoing amblyopia treatment.
{"title":"A 33-month-old boy with bilateral corneal disease","authors":"Rachel F. Dolan BS , Deanna H. Dang MD , Ahmad Abdel-Aty MD , Andrew T. Melson MD , Tammy L. Yanovitch MD, MHSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the case of a previously healthy 33-month-old boy with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) who presented with bilateral eye swelling, redness, and photophobia of 1 month’s duration following multiple misdiagnoses. After confirming VAD with serum vitamin A level testing, he was treated with vitamin A, and his eye complaints improved. However, he continues to have a corneal scar and is currently undergoing amblyopia treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104680
Mariam Tadross BS, Nancy Arias-González MD, Audina M. Berrocal MD, Kara M. Cavuoto MD, Michelle M. Falcone MD
We report 2 patients with unilateral concurrent optic nerve pit and coloboma complicated by subretinal fluid. Further examination revealed bilateral incomplete retinal peripheral vascularization in 1 case. Laser indirect ophthalmoscopy and the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors stabilized fluid levels and prevented worsening visual symptoms in both cases.
{"title":"Laser treatment for unilateral concurrent optic nerve pit and coloboma with subretinal fluid in two pediatric patients","authors":"Mariam Tadross BS, Nancy Arias-González MD, Audina M. Berrocal MD, Kara M. Cavuoto MD, Michelle M. Falcone MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2025.104680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report 2 patients with unilateral concurrent optic nerve pit and coloboma complicated by subretinal fluid. Further examination revealed bilateral incomplete retinal peripheral vascularization in 1 case. Laser indirect ophthalmoscopy and the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors stabilized fluid levels and prevented worsening visual symptoms in both cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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