Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104016
Omar Solyman MD, FRCS , Abdelrahman M. Elhusseiny MD, MSc , Richard C. Allen MD, PhD
We describe the use of trypan blue stain to enhance visualization of the tract of the fistula during congenital lacrimal fistulectomy in a 9-year-old boy. This video demonstrates the surgical technique and the intraoperative finding of deep branching of the fistula in this case. We discuss alternative methods of improving delineation of the fistula’s path during congenital lacrimal fistulectomy.
{"title":"The use of trypan blue to enhance intraoperative visualization during congenital lacrimal fistulectomy","authors":"Omar Solyman MD, FRCS , Abdelrahman M. Elhusseiny MD, MSc , Richard C. Allen MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We describe the use of trypan blue stain to enhance visualization of the tract of the fistula during congenital lacrimal fistulectomy in a 9-year-old boy. This video demonstrates the surgical technique and the intraoperative finding of deep branching of the fistula in this case. We discuss alternative methods of improving delineation of the fistula’s path during congenital lacrimal fistulectomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 104016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104004
Aaron Harris BS , Nora Siegler BS , Hannah L. Walsh BS , Kara M. Cavuoto MD
This study highlights the disparity between the prevalence of adult strabismus in the United States and the limited number of surgeons performing adult strabismus surgery on Medicare beneficiaries. Only 12.2% of pediatric ophthalmologists billed Medicare for adult strabismus procedures during the study period. Additionally, geographic disparities of surgeons performing adult strabismus surgery were evident, with drastically different surgeon-to-patient ratios by state. Overall, the study raises concerns about the adequacy of the surgeon supply to meet the demand for adult strabismus cases.
{"title":"Geographic disparities and surgical trends of strabismus surgery among Medicare beneficiaries (2016-2021)","authors":"Aaron Harris BS , Nora Siegler BS , Hannah L. Walsh BS , Kara M. Cavuoto MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study highlights the disparity between the prevalence of adult strabismus in the United States and the limited number of surgeons performing adult strabismus surgery on Medicare beneficiaries. Only 12.2% of pediatric ophthalmologists billed Medicare for adult strabismus procedures during the study period. Additionally, geographic disparities of surgeons performing adult strabismus surgery were evident, with drastically different surgeon-to-patient ratios by state. Overall, the study raises concerns about the adequacy of the surgeon supply to meet the demand for adult strabismus cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 104004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104013
Claudia Zuluaga-Botero MD , Jose Maria Solano MD , Carolina Serrano-Calderon MD , Marudis Mestra MD , Maria Camila Rojas MD , José Moreno-Montoya PhD , Alexandra Porras MD , Julian Trujillo-Trujillo MD , Juan Carlos Silva MD, MPH , Clare Gilbert MD
Purpose
To assess the impact of a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) mentoring program in four rural regions with 31 neonatal units in Colombia between 2011 and 2019.
Methods
Indicators recommended by the national program were used for assessment: screening coverage of eligible preterm newborns, proportion screened with any stage of ROP, and proportion of screened infants treated. Data were also collected on the number of units with ROP services and birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) of babies treated. Data on the number of preterm births, BWs of infants screened, and their ROP status (any/none) were extracted from the national health information system. Ophthalmologists in each region provided data on the number screened and treated. A linear-by-linear statistic was used to assess trends in the indicators before and during mentoring.
Results
Of the 31 neonatal units, the number providing ROP services increased from 7 (23%) to 26 (84%). The number of eligible infants born in the four regions (total 33,521) was stable over the study period, the proportion screened increased from 14% to 41%, the proportion of those screened who were found to have any ROP tended to decrease over time, and the proportion of those screened who were treated declined from 9% to 3%, with some regional variation. By year 3 no infant with a BW ≥2000 g or GA of >36 weeks was treated.
Conclusions
In our study, mentoring rural providers proved a valuable strategy for inducing new screening programs, increasing coverage, and improving local capacities in neonatal care and ROP services.
{"title":"Impact of a ROP mentoring program in rural regions of Colombia","authors":"Claudia Zuluaga-Botero MD , Jose Maria Solano MD , Carolina Serrano-Calderon MD , Marudis Mestra MD , Maria Camila Rojas MD , José Moreno-Montoya PhD , Alexandra Porras MD , Julian Trujillo-Trujillo MD , Juan Carlos Silva MD, MPH , Clare Gilbert MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the impact of a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) mentoring program in four rural regions with 31 neonatal units in Colombia between 2011 and 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Indicators recommended by the national program were used for assessment: screening coverage of eligible preterm newborns, proportion screened with any stage of ROP, and proportion of screened infants treated. Data were also collected on the number of units with ROP services and birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) of babies treated. Data on the number of preterm births, BWs of infants screened, and their ROP status (any/none) were extracted from the national health information system. Ophthalmologists in each region provided data on the number screened and treated. A linear-by-linear statistic was used to assess trends in the indicators before and during mentoring.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 31 neonatal units, the number providing ROP services increased from 7 (23%) to 26 (84%). The number of eligible infants born in the four regions (total 33,521) was stable over the study period, the proportion screened increased from 14% to 41%, the proportion of those screened who were found to have any ROP tended to decrease over time, and the proportion of those screened who were treated declined from 9% to 3%, with some regional variation. By year 3 no infant with a BW ≥2000 g or GA of >36 weeks was treated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In our study, mentoring rural providers proved a valuable strategy for inducing new screening programs, increasing coverage, and improving local capacities in neonatal care and ROP services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 104013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early-onset, severe retinal dystrophy can be isolated or syndromic, presenting as part of an underlying systemic disease. Mainzer-Saldino syndrome, a rare systemic ciliopathy characterized by skeletal and renal disease, is caused by recessive mutations in the intraflagellar transport 140 chlamydomonas homologue (IFT140) gene. We present a series of 13 cases of early-onset retinal dysfunction with confirmed IFT140 mutations from 8 unrelated Saudi families belonging to 3 well-known tribes. All carried the same homozygous missense IFT140 mutation (c.1990G>A; p.Glu664Lys) except for a single family, which included 4 affected subjects, 3 of whom were aborted fetuses, with compound heterozygous pathogenic IFT140 variants (c.1525-1G>A and c.1990G>A; p.Glu664Lys). Severe retinal dystrophy was present in all living subjects, phenotypically apparent as hyperopia, nystagmus, nyctalopia, poor vision and nonrecordable full-field electroretinography. All affected individuals had skeletal abnormalities, and neurological abnormalities were common, but there was no evidence of chronic renal failure.
{"title":"Mutations in the ciliary transport gene IFT140 cause syndromic congenital retinal dystrophy","authors":"Enam Danish MD , Amal Alhashem MD , Nada Naaman MD , Faeeqah Almhmoudi MD , Aziza Mushiba MD , Abdulrahman Almatrafi MD , Abdulaziz Raggam MD , Raghad Bukhari MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early-onset, severe retinal dystrophy can be isolated or syndromic, presenting as part of an underlying systemic disease. Mainzer-Saldino syndrome, a rare systemic ciliopathy characterized by skeletal and renal disease, is caused by recessive mutations in the intraflagellar transport 140 chlamydomonas homologue (<em>IFT140</em>) gene. We present a series of 13 cases of early-onset retinal dysfunction with confirmed <em>IFT140</em> mutations from 8 unrelated Saudi families belonging to 3 well-known tribes. All carried the same homozygous missense <em>IFT140</em> mutation (c.1990G>A; p.Glu664Lys) except for a single family, which included 4 affected subjects, 3 of whom were aborted fetuses, with compound heterozygous pathogenic <em>IFT140</em> variants (c.1525-1G>A and c.1990G>A; p.Glu664Lys). Severe retinal dystrophy was present in all living subjects, phenotypically apparent as hyperopia, nystagmus, nyctalopia, poor vision and nonrecordable full-field electroretinography. All affected individuals had skeletal abnormalities, and neurological abnormalities were common, but there was no evidence of chronic renal failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 104007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103986
Yotam Heilig MD, Daniel Yafit MD, Shay Schneider MD, Sofia Kordeluk MD, Oren Ziv MD
A 13-month-old boy presented with bilateral periorbital swelling accompanied by rhinorrhea and fever. Nasal endoscopy revealed middle meatus edema and purulent discharge. He was diagnosed with bilateral preseptal cellulitis and treated with intravenous antibiotics. Continuous fever and new-onset proptosis with extraocular muscle restriction the next day prompted imaging, which revealed sinusitis with bilateral subperiosteal abscesses. He underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with bilateral abscess drainage and recovered uneventfully. Bilateral orbital complications of acute sinusitis are exceedingly rare occurrences and nearly always require surgical treatment.
{"title":"Bilateral orbital abscess secondary to pediatric acute rhinosinusitis: a case report and literature review","authors":"Yotam Heilig MD, Daniel Yafit MD, Shay Schneider MD, Sofia Kordeluk MD, Oren Ziv MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 13-month-old boy presented with bilateral periorbital swelling accompanied by rhinorrhea and fever. Nasal endoscopy revealed middle meatus edema and purulent discharge. He was diagnosed with bilateral preseptal cellulitis and treated with intravenous antibiotics. Continuous fever and new-onset proptosis with extraocular muscle restriction the next day prompted imaging, which revealed sinusitis with bilateral subperiosteal abscesses. He underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with bilateral abscess drainage and recovered uneventfully. Bilateral orbital complications of acute sinusitis are exceedingly rare occurrences and nearly always require surgical treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 103986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scleritis is a rare complication of strabismus surgery. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl with Down syndrome who underwent strabismus surgery and developed bilateral symmetric nodular scleritis 3 weeks after surgery. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed localized hyporeflective thickening of the sclera at the primary site of muscle insertion in both eyes. Treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids led to resolution of her condition.
{"title":"Acute bilateral nodular scleritis following strabismus surgery in a patient with Down syndrome","authors":"Babak Masoomian MD , Maryam Saatchi MD , Mohammad Reza Akbari MD , Arash Mirmohammadsadeghi MD , Motahhareh Sadeghi MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scleritis is a rare complication of strabismus surgery. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl with Down syndrome who underwent strabismus surgery and developed bilateral symmetric nodular scleritis 3 weeks after surgery. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed localized hyporeflective thickening of the sclera at the primary site of muscle insertion in both eyes. Treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids led to resolution of her condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 103985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104011
Mónica Rodríguez MD , María Camila Plata MD , María Elisa Mejía MD , Mauricio Lozano MD
Purpose
To evaluate the agreement between anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) measurement of preoperative distance from the limbus to the horizontal rectus muscle insertion and intraoperative measurement in patients who have previously undergone strabismus surgery and required reoperation.
Methods
Subjects from two ophthalmological centers were included. Preoperative AS-OCT was used to measure the muscle insertion from the limbus, and intraoperative measurements were obtained using calipers. Interclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman agreement analysis were used.
Results
A total of 53 horizontal rectus muscles from 24 patients with previous strabismus surgery were analyzed: 27 medial rectus (MR) and 26 lateral rectus (LR) muscles, including both previously operated and previously unoperated muscles. Average of AS-OCT measurements of MR was 8.54 ± 2.42 mm and intraoperatively was 9.4 ± 3.09 mm. Average AS-OCT for LR was 8.32 ± 2.25 mm and intraoperatively was 9.34 ± 3.73 mm. 63% of MR muscles and 77% of LR muscles were within 1 mm between AS-OCT and intraoperative measurement. Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed positive correlation between measures for both MR and LR muscles. The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.56-0.90) for MR muscles and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.44-0.85) for LR muscles, with a good agreement. Agreement was better for muscles ≤10 mm from the limbus (which included both previously operated and unoperated muscles) than for muscles found >10 mm from the limbus.
Conclusions
Good agreement was observed between the measurement of limbus-insertion distance obtained by AS-OCT and by intraoperative measurement, especially when the muscle insertion was ≤10 mm from the limbus.
{"title":"Agreement between intraoperative and anterior segment optical coherence tomography measurements of the extraocular muscle insertion distance in patients with previous strabismus surgery","authors":"Mónica Rodríguez MD , María Camila Plata MD , María Elisa Mejía MD , Mauricio Lozano MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the agreement between anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) measurement of preoperative distance from the limbus to the horizontal rectus muscle insertion and intraoperative measurement in patients who have previously undergone strabismus surgery and required reoperation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subjects from two ophthalmological centers were included. Preoperative AS-OCT was used to measure the muscle insertion from the limbus, and intraoperative measurements were obtained using calipers. Interclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman agreement analysis were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 53 horizontal rectus muscles from 24 patients with previous strabismus surgery were analyzed: 27 medial rectus (MR) and 26 lateral rectus (LR) muscles, including both previously operated and previously unoperated muscles. Average of AS-OCT measurements of MR was 8.54 ± 2.42 mm and intraoperatively was 9.4 ± 3.09 mm. Average AS-OCT for LR was 8.32 ± 2.25 mm and intraoperatively was 9.34 ± 3.73 mm. 63% of MR muscles and 77% of LR muscles were within 1 mm between AS-OCT and intraoperative measurement. Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed positive correlation between measures for both MR and LR muscles. The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.56-0.90) for MR muscles and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.44-0.85) for LR muscles, with a good agreement. Agreement was better for muscles ≤10 mm from the limbus (which included both previously operated and unoperated muscles) than for muscles found >10 mm from the limbus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Good agreement was observed between the measurement of limbus-insertion distance obtained by AS-OCT and by intraoperative measurement, especially when the muscle insertion was ≤10 mm from the limbus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 104011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103999
Marta Carrera Tarrés MD , Josep Visa Nasarre MD , Julia Nash Monsó MD , Roser Monmany Badia MD , Julieta Stefani Vargas MD
A 31-year-old woman presenting with vertical diplopia and history of paresthesia in her hands the previous year was found to have a trochlear nerve palsy. Computed tomography showed no acute intracranial pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed several white matter lesions with a demyelinating pattern. She was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and started on immunotherapy, with no further exacerbation of MS.
{"title":"Isolated trochlear nerve palsy: an atypical presentation of multiple sclerosis","authors":"Marta Carrera Tarrés MD , Josep Visa Nasarre MD , Julia Nash Monsó MD , Roser Monmany Badia MD , Julieta Stefani Vargas MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 31-year-old woman presenting with vertical diplopia and history of paresthesia in her hands the previous year was found to have a trochlear nerve palsy. Computed tomography showed no acute intracranial pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed several white matter lesions with a demyelinating pattern. She was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and started on immunotherapy, with no further exacerbation of MS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 103999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103994
Marybeth K. Farazdaghi MD, Erick D. Bothun MD, Brian G. Mohney MD
Straatsma syndrome is an uncommon ocular condition generally comprised of myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer, myopia, and amblyopia. Associated ocular disorders include strabismus, nystagmus, optic nerve hypoplasia, and iris heterochromia. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with unilateral Straatsma syndrome and an acquired cataract that required surgical extraction.
{"title":"Posterior subcapsular cataract in a patient with Straatsma syndrome","authors":"Marybeth K. Farazdaghi MD, Erick D. Bothun MD, Brian G. Mohney MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Straatsma syndrome is an uncommon ocular condition generally comprised of myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer, myopia, and amblyopia. Associated ocular disorders include strabismus, nystagmus, optic nerve hypoplasia, and iris heterochromia. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with unilateral Straatsma syndrome and an acquired cataract that required surgical extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 103994"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104014
Brittany M. Wong MD , Alex V. Levin MD, MHSc
{"title":"Does COVID-19 cause retinal hemorrhage?","authors":"Brittany M. Wong MD , Alex V. Levin MD, MHSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.104014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 104014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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