Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.002
Leonardo Zandonadi Moura , Jean-Michel Martinez , William Santini , Sergio Koide , Henrique Llacer Roig , Diego Raphael Alves e Santos , Alexandre Kepler Soares
This study aims to evaluate sediment transport processes in the Madeira River, a high-load Amazon tributary altered by the Jirau run-of-river hydropower dam. A methodology for sensitivity analysis and calibration of the HEC-RAS one-dimensional morphodynamic model is developed. It integrates multiple model to measured comparisons, including conventional monitoring and water color remote sensing data. The study underscores the value of employing products derived from satellite imagery, refining model differentiation and improving the spatial and temporal resolution of sediment transport predictions. A simple, regionally significant method of estimating depth-integrated concentrations form surface index concentrations is discussed, showing that for high concentrations a 1.10–2 multiplicative factor suffices. Sensitivity analysis highlights the dominant influence of sand content in the upstream sediment load and the necessity of using the Krone–Partheniades transport formula to simulate fine sediment retention. The calibrated model estimates a sediment retention efficiency of 21.3% in the backwater-affected reach over a five-year period, with over 90% of the sand fraction being deposited. Results suggest that the wash load threshold for this system is medium to coarse silts and clay-silt flocs larger than 0.016 mm. These are the key size classes to understand deposition of fines. Flocculation processes may play a role, requiring adjustments in the input sediment load grain size distribution. A multivariate sediment rating curve, incorporating tributary discharge dynamics, enhances model performance, particularly in reproducing seasonal concentration variations in the backwater reach. These findings provide insights into the best practices for sediment modeling in high-load rivers impacted by hydropower and highlight the importance of multi-objective calibration approaches.
{"title":"Sediment transport modeling for run-of-river hydropower in the Madeira River: Calibration with conventional and remote sensing data","authors":"Leonardo Zandonadi Moura , Jean-Michel Martinez , William Santini , Sergio Koide , Henrique Llacer Roig , Diego Raphael Alves e Santos , Alexandre Kepler Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate sediment transport processes in the Madeira River, a high-load Amazon tributary altered by the Jirau run-of-river hydropower dam. A methodology for sensitivity analysis and calibration of the HEC-RAS one-dimensional morphodynamic model is developed. It integrates multiple model to measured comparisons, including conventional monitoring and water color remote sensing data. The study underscores the value of employing products derived from satellite imagery, refining model differentiation and improving the spatial and temporal resolution of sediment transport predictions. A simple, regionally significant method of estimating depth-integrated concentrations form surface index concentrations is discussed, showing that for high concentrations a 1.10–2 multiplicative factor suffices. Sensitivity analysis highlights the dominant influence of sand content in the upstream sediment load and the necessity of using the Krone–Partheniades transport formula to simulate fine sediment retention. The calibrated model estimates a sediment retention efficiency of 21.3% in the backwater-affected reach over a five-year period, with over 90% of the sand fraction being deposited. Results suggest that the wash load threshold for this system is medium to coarse silts and clay-silt flocs larger than 0.016 mm. These are the key size classes to understand deposition of fines. Flocculation processes may play a role, requiring adjustments in the input sediment load grain size distribution. A multivariate sediment rating curve, incorporating tributary discharge dynamics, enhances model performance, particularly in reproducing seasonal concentration variations in the backwater reach. These findings provide insights into the best practices for sediment modeling in high-load rivers impacted by hydropower and highlight the importance of multi-objective calibration approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 777-790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.001
Anirban Mandal , Zulfequar Ahmad , Erik Mosselman
Submerged vanes are an effective approach to sediment management in river systems. Nowadays, submerged vanes are increasingly utilized in contemporary river engineering due to their convenient and cost-effective installation, which distinguishes them from traditional approaches. However, this structure induces localized scour, which can potentially destabilize and compromise its integrity. The performance and effectiveness of a submerged vane in controlling scour and managing sediment depends on its shape and dimensions. The primary aim of this study is to refine the design of submerged vanes to assess the maximum scour depth in their vicinity and changes in bed morphology downstream of the vane. We carried out 95 experimental runs in clear-water conditions to investigate the influence of vane height, bevel angle, angle of flow attack, and flow regime on the maximum scour depth in the vicinity and downstream of the vane. Results show that the maximum scour depth increases with the increase in the angle of attack, vane height-to-depth ratio, and densimetric Froude number. The depth of scour around the vane and downstream in the channel decreases as the bevel angle increases. We propose empirical equations for calculating the maximum scour depth near the vane and downstream at equilibrium condition. The densimetric Froude number of the flow and the angle of flow attack are found to have the largest influence on maximum scour depth and downstream extension. The findings indicate that the bevel shape is effective method to reduces the maximum scour depth around the vane.
{"title":"Experimental study on scour around beveled submerged vanes","authors":"Anirban Mandal , Zulfequar Ahmad , Erik Mosselman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submerged vanes are an effective approach to sediment management in river systems. Nowadays, submerged vanes are increasingly utilized in contemporary river engineering due to their convenient and cost-effective installation, which distinguishes them from traditional approaches. However, this structure induces localized scour, which can potentially destabilize and compromise its integrity. The performance and effectiveness of a submerged vane in controlling scour and managing sediment depends on its shape and dimensions. The primary aim of this study is to refine the design of submerged vanes to assess the maximum scour depth in their vicinity and changes in bed morphology downstream of the vane. We carried out 95 experimental runs in clear-water conditions to investigate the influence of vane height, bevel angle, angle of flow attack, and flow regime on the maximum scour depth in the vicinity and downstream of the vane. Results show that the maximum scour depth increases with the increase in the angle of attack, vane height-to-depth ratio, and densimetric Froude number. The depth of scour around the vane and downstream in the channel decreases as the bevel angle increases. We propose empirical equations for calculating the maximum scour depth near the vane and downstream at equilibrium condition. The densimetric Froude number of the flow and the angle of flow attack are found to have the largest influence on maximum scour depth and downstream extension. The findings indicate that the bevel shape is effective method to reduces the maximum scour depth around the vane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 791-807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.007
Mohammadreza Maddahi , Robert Michael Boes , Ismail Albayrak
Sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) divert sediment-laden flows from river systems around reservoirs to the tailwater reach and thus help prevent reservoir sedimentation. However, their bypassing efficiency largely depends on reservoir operation, particularly for type-B SBTs with an intake located within the reservoir. The present study aims to investigate the effect of reservoir operation conditions on the bypass efficiency of a type-B SBT at the case study Solis Reservoir in Switzerland. Four annual measurement campaigns were conducted in the reservoir between 2018 and 2021. Flow velocities were measured, and bathymetry was mapped using an acoustic Doppler current profiler at high spatial resolution along the elongated and narrow reservoir. In- and outflow sediment volumes were measured using turbidimeters and Swiss plate geophone systems and estimated by using state-of-the-art sediment transport equations, respectively. Two floods with one-year and five-year return periods, respectively, in 2019 and a one-year return period flood in 2020 were captured. The results show that the average sediment bypass efficiency, i.e. the ratio of outflowing to inflowing sediment volumes, increased from 17% to 88% by operating SBT. The results highlight that the SBT bypass efficiency is highly dependent on the reservoir water level. For high efficiencies above 170%, an optimal value of the reservoir drawdown level is around 813 m asl. Bypass efficiencies up to 250% indicate that the type-B SBT does not only stop sedimentation but can also help regain active storage volume of the reservoir if operated under optimal conditions in terms of reservoir water level. Without SBT operation, ca. 205,000 m3 of net sediment deposition volume would have resulted in an aggradation of 1 m on average from 2018 to 2021. The findings of this study contribute to improved SBT and reservoir operation regimes in terms of reducing the sedimentation rates and prolonging the reservoir lifetimes.
泥沙绕道隧道（SBTs）将水库周围河流系统的含沙水流转移到尾水段，从而有助于防止水库沉积。然而，它们的旁路效率在很大程度上取决于油藏的运行情况，特别是对于进水口位于油藏内的b型sbt。以瑞士Solis油藏为例，研究了油藏运行条件对b型SBT旁路效率的影响。在2018年至2021年期间，在水库进行了四次年度测量活动。测量了流速，并利用声波多普勒电流剖面仪在高空间分辨率下沿着细长狭窄的储层绘制了测深图。流入和流出的泥沙体积分别使用浊度计和瑞士板块检波器系统进行测量，并使用最先进的泥沙输送方程进行估计。捕获了2019年1年和5年重现期的两次洪水，以及2020年1年重现期的一次洪水。结果表明：采用SBT后，平均泥沙旁通效率（即出沙体积与入沙体积之比）由17%提高到88%；结果表明，SBT旁路效率高度依赖于水库水位。对于170%以上的高效率，油藏降水位差的最佳值约为813 m / l。旁路效率高达250%，这表明b型SBT不仅可以阻止沉积，而且如果在水库水位的最佳条件下运行，还可以帮助恢复水库的活跃储存量。如果没有SBT操作，从2018年到2021年，约20.5万立方米的净泥沙沉积量将导致平均1米的淤积。本研究的结果有助于改善SBT和油藏操作制度，以降低沉积速率和延长油藏寿命。
{"title":"Effect of reservoir management on the efficiency of a sediment bypass tunnel: Case study of Solis Reservoir, Switzerland","authors":"Mohammadreza Maddahi , Robert Michael Boes , Ismail Albayrak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) divert sediment-laden flows from river systems around reservoirs to the tailwater reach and thus help prevent reservoir sedimentation. However, their bypassing efficiency largely depends on reservoir operation, particularly for type-B SBTs with an intake located within the reservoir. The present study aims to investigate the effect of reservoir operation conditions on the bypass efficiency of a type-B SBT at the case study Solis Reservoir in Switzerland. Four annual measurement campaigns were conducted in the reservoir between 2018 and 2021. Flow velocities were measured, and bathymetry was mapped using an acoustic Doppler current profiler at high spatial resolution along the elongated and narrow reservoir. In- and outflow sediment volumes were measured using turbidimeters and Swiss plate geophone systems and estimated by using state-of-the-art sediment transport equations, respectively. Two floods with one-year and five-year return periods, respectively, in 2019 and a one-year return period flood in 2020 were captured. The results show that the average sediment bypass efficiency, i.e. the ratio of outflowing to inflowing sediment volumes, increased from 17% to 88% by operating SBT. The results highlight that the SBT bypass efficiency is highly dependent on the reservoir water level. For high efficiencies above 170%, an optimal value of the reservoir drawdown level is around 813 m asl. Bypass efficiencies up to 250% indicate that the type-B SBT does not only stop sedimentation but can also help regain active storage volume of the reservoir if operated under optimal conditions in terms of reservoir water level. Without SBT operation, ca. 205,000 m<sup>3</sup> of net sediment deposition volume would have resulted in an aggradation of 1 m on average from 2018 to 2021. The findings of this study contribute to improved SBT and reservoir operation regimes in terms of reducing the sedimentation rates and prolonging the reservoir lifetimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 761-776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.002
Xiaolong Song , Haijue Xu , Yuchuan Bai
<div><div>Rivers significantly influence delta morphology and sedimentation patterns. However, the dynamic effects of rivers on the upper neck areas of subaerial deltas, which are the complex zones connecting main channels to distributary networks, remain understudied. In this research, the impacts of discharge variation on cross-sectional topography within the upper neck area of a laboratory-scale subaerial delta were examined via an integrated shallow water jet (SWJ)–long short-term memory (LSTM) modeling approach that synergistically couples SWJ equations incorporating analytical velocity distributions and parameterized bedload transport relationships with LSTM networks and gradient boosting for data-driven enhancements. Laboratory experiments, which provide detailed topographic measurements, were used for model calibration and validation. We investigated stepwise, periodic, and stochastic discharge alteration scenarios. The results revealed a fundamental pattern of spatially differentiated morphodynamic sensitivity within the upper neck area. The section farthest upstream consistently exhibited relative stability. In stark contrast, the mid-sections (spanning approximately 20%–30% of the total delta length from the inlet) emerged as the primary loci of morphological change, consistently demonstrating robust switching behaviors between pronounced erosion and deposition regimes under varying discharge regimes. In contrast, the section farthest downstream showed a more integrated and dampened response. This distinct switching mechanism within defined mid-sections, rather than diffuse variability, constituted a key finding regarding the mechanism by which the upper neck area could fundamentally process discharge fluctuations. Specifically, discharge decreases typically led to localized scouring and enhanced channelization, particularly within these active mid-sections. Conversely, increases in discharge induced increasingly complex responses involving erosion and deposition, with the specific outcome being dependent on the precise location within these mid-sections and on the nature of discharge alteration. The core components of the morphological evolution of the delta were further evaluated by the finding that the magnitude, rate, and timing of discharge changes (e.g., rapid exponential changes and slow logistic decreases), along with the amplitude of periodic fluctuations, significantly governed the intensity and characteristics of this switching behavior and the resultant morphology. Increasingly pronounced effects were observed under rapid exponential changes, slow logistic decreases, and large periodic amplitudes. Under stochastic discharge, the mean reversion rate and long-term mean volatility of discharge exerted complex, spatially variable influences on the mean bed elevation change, highlighting their critical roles in shaping morphology, whereas the volatility had a more subtle and discharge-dependent impact. Thus, this research reveal
{"title":"Insights into the impacts of inflow discharge variation on cross-sectional topography in the upper neck area of a laboratory-scale subaerial delta from SWJ–LSTM simulations","authors":"Xiaolong Song , Haijue Xu , Yuchuan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rivers significantly influence delta morphology and sedimentation patterns. However, the dynamic effects of rivers on the upper neck areas of subaerial deltas, which are the complex zones connecting main channels to distributary networks, remain understudied. In this research, the impacts of discharge variation on cross-sectional topography within the upper neck area of a laboratory-scale subaerial delta were examined via an integrated shallow water jet (SWJ)–long short-term memory (LSTM) modeling approach that synergistically couples SWJ equations incorporating analytical velocity distributions and parameterized bedload transport relationships with LSTM networks and gradient boosting for data-driven enhancements. Laboratory experiments, which provide detailed topographic measurements, were used for model calibration and validation. We investigated stepwise, periodic, and stochastic discharge alteration scenarios. The results revealed a fundamental pattern of spatially differentiated morphodynamic sensitivity within the upper neck area. The section farthest upstream consistently exhibited relative stability. In stark contrast, the mid-sections (spanning approximately 20%–30% of the total delta length from the inlet) emerged as the primary loci of morphological change, consistently demonstrating robust switching behaviors between pronounced erosion and deposition regimes under varying discharge regimes. In contrast, the section farthest downstream showed a more integrated and dampened response. This distinct switching mechanism within defined mid-sections, rather than diffuse variability, constituted a key finding regarding the mechanism by which the upper neck area could fundamentally process discharge fluctuations. Specifically, discharge decreases typically led to localized scouring and enhanced channelization, particularly within these active mid-sections. Conversely, increases in discharge induced increasingly complex responses involving erosion and deposition, with the specific outcome being dependent on the precise location within these mid-sections and on the nature of discharge alteration. The core components of the morphological evolution of the delta were further evaluated by the finding that the magnitude, rate, and timing of discharge changes (e.g., rapid exponential changes and slow logistic decreases), along with the amplitude of periodic fluctuations, significantly governed the intensity and characteristics of this switching behavior and the resultant morphology. Increasingly pronounced effects were observed under rapid exponential changes, slow logistic decreases, and large periodic amplitudes. Under stochastic discharge, the mean reversion rate and long-term mean volatility of discharge exerted complex, spatially variable influences on the mean bed elevation change, highlighting their critical roles in shaping morphology, whereas the volatility had a more subtle and discharge-dependent impact. Thus, this research reveal","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 742-760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.004
Meysam Nouri , Rasoul Ilkhanipour , Amir Hossein Azimi
This paper presents the results of experimental investigation on the local erosion and mound formation induced by slurry turbulent circular wall jets in crossflow and with the presence of a secondary current. The trajectory of the slurry jets with different intensities on the bed formation was measured with an accurate laser scanner with a resolution of ±1 mm. Other data such as scour, and mound areas and volumes were measured to study the effects of sediment concentration and jet’s intensity on deformation of erodible bed at the vicinity and downstream of the crossflow. Experimental results indicated that the mass flux of sediment in slurry wall jets increased the width and spreading rate of sediment mound while increasing the intensity of the jet reduced the mound width and stretched it along the flow direction. The correlation between non-dimensional geometry parameters with the jet’s Reynolds number indicated a distinct behavior on the development and direction of mounds with a threshold Reynolds number of approximately 36,000. For turbulent slurry wall jets with Reynolds number smaller than the threshold value, most of the sediments settled at the vicinity of the nozzle and reduced the scour depth while for stronger jets, sediment dunes were formed in the curved region of the flume and scour depth was almost the same as the scour depth formed by the corresponding clear water turbulent wall jets. A linear correlation was found between the peak scour depth and jet’s Reynolds number, while peak scour depth, area, and volume decreased with increasing the initial sand concentration of slurry jets. Empirical formulas were proposed for prediction of bed deformation and jet’s trajectory, the accuracies of the proposed models were evaluated using statistical analysis, and the performance of the proposed models were compared with the existing models from the literature.
{"title":"Local erosion and mound formation induced by turbulent slurry wall jets in crossflow","authors":"Meysam Nouri , Rasoul Ilkhanipour , Amir Hossein Azimi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the results of experimental investigation on the local erosion and mound formation induced by slurry turbulent circular wall jets in crossflow and with the presence of a secondary current. The trajectory of the slurry jets with different intensities on the bed formation was measured with an accurate laser scanner with a resolution of ±1 mm. Other data such as scour, and mound areas and volumes were measured to study the effects of sediment concentration and jet’s intensity on deformation of erodible bed at the vicinity and downstream of the crossflow. Experimental results indicated that the mass flux of sediment in slurry wall jets increased the width and spreading rate of sediment mound while increasing the intensity of the jet reduced the mound width and stretched it along the flow direction. The correlation between non-dimensional geometry parameters with the jet’s Reynolds number indicated a distinct behavior on the development and direction of mounds with a threshold Reynolds number of approximately 36,000. For turbulent slurry wall jets with Reynolds number smaller than the threshold value, most of the sediments settled at the vicinity of the nozzle and reduced the scour depth while for stronger jets, sediment dunes were formed in the curved region of the flume and scour depth was almost the same as the scour depth formed by the corresponding clear water turbulent wall jets. A linear correlation was found between the peak scour depth and jet’s Reynolds number, while peak scour depth, area, and volume decreased with increasing the initial sand concentration of slurry jets. Empirical formulas were proposed for prediction of bed deformation and jet’s trajectory, the accuracies of the proposed models were evaluated using statistical analysis, and the performance of the proposed models were compared with the existing models from the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 840-856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.004
Hongli Mu , Yifan Zhuo , Yanjuan Wu , Suhua Fu , Kai Zhang , Sangar Khan , Naicheng Wu
Grass, shrubs and tree stems can increase flow depth and resistance and prevent soil erosion, and it is necessary to quantify the relationship between flow depth and hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness of vegetation stem. Therefore, the experimental design included flow depth, velocity and transport capacity, which were measured for different stem covers (bare flume to cover 30%), diameters (2, 10, and 36 mm), and arrangements (bead, tessellation, stagger, random, and stripe) to clarify the relationship between flow depth and the hydraulic radius, Reynolds number Re, Manning coefficient nm, Darcy-Weisbach resistance f and transport capacity Tc. The result shows that flow depth could be effectively predicted by stem cover and stem diameter; the greater the surface roughness was, the more the difference between flow depth and hydraulic radius; and flow depth could not be used as the hydraulic radius to calculate hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness. Re, nm, and f were significantly impacted by flow depth. The linear relationship between flow depth and Re, nm, and f became stronger as stem cover decreased and stem diameter increased, and they were more affected by stem cover than by diameter. The relationship between flow depth and f was less impacted by high surface roughness of vegetation stem. Tc was not significantly impacted by flow depth; the Manning coefficient and Darcy-Weisbach resistance were not appropriate for predicting transport capacity; and the Reynolds number could illustrate the mechanism of sediment transport capacity affected by vegetation stem cover from the perspective of flow resistance.
{"title":"The relationship between flow depth and hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness of vegetation stem cover under laboratory simulation","authors":"Hongli Mu , Yifan Zhuo , Yanjuan Wu , Suhua Fu , Kai Zhang , Sangar Khan , Naicheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass, shrubs and tree stems can increase flow depth and resistance and prevent soil erosion, and it is necessary to quantify the relationship between flow depth and hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness of vegetation stem. Therefore, the experimental design included flow depth, velocity and transport capacity, which were measured for different stem covers (bare flume to cover 30%), diameters (2, 10, and 36 mm), and arrangements (bead, tessellation, stagger, random, and stripe) to clarify the relationship between flow depth and the hydraulic radius, Reynolds number <em>Re</em>, Manning coefficient <em>n</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>, Darcy-Weisbach resistance <em>f</em> and transport capacity <em>Tc</em>. The result shows that flow depth could be effectively predicted by stem cover and stem diameter; the greater the surface roughness was, the more the difference between flow depth and hydraulic radius; and flow depth could not be used as the hydraulic radius to calculate hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness. <em>Re</em>, <em>n</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>, and <em>f</em> were significantly impacted by flow depth. The linear relationship between flow depth and <em>Re</em>, <em>n</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>, and <em>f</em> became stronger as stem cover decreased and stem diameter increased, and they were more affected by stem cover than by diameter. The relationship between flow depth and <em>f</em> was less impacted by high surface roughness of vegetation stem. <em>Tc</em> was not significantly impacted by flow depth; the Manning coefficient and Darcy-Weisbach resistance were not appropriate for predicting transport capacity; and the Reynolds number could illustrate the mechanism of sediment transport capacity affected by vegetation stem cover from the perspective of flow resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 817-828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sediment is highly related to coral reef degradation worldwide, and sedimentation is considered a critical cause of stress for coral communities. The current study focused on the Arraial do Cabo Marine Extractive Reserve (ACMER), recognized as a coralline oasis in the southwest Atlantic, which is facing multiple environmental pressures. Among them, mass tourism stands out, which enhances sedimentation. To address the scientific question of how sediment characteristics and rates vary across different sites, local sedimentation was monitored for about one year through sedimentation rates, granulometric composition, and the percentage of calcium carbonate (%CaCO3) at five sampling sites, each exposed to varying levels of natural and anthropogenic activities. The results revealed distinct patterns linked to these activities and natural agents. For instance, Forno's Cove exhibited the highest percentage of fine sediment (about 70%) among all the other sampled points, suggesting the sedimentation to be strongly related to anthropogenic action. Although the overall sedimentation rates in Arraial do Cabo Bay were not high, the current findings highlight the sedimentation related to the increase in tourist activities and the need for continuous monitoring of ACMER. Such vigilance is crucial for ensuring the environmental health of coral environments and supporting the local human community's livelihoods.
沉积物与世界范围内的珊瑚礁退化密切相关，沉积被认为是珊瑚群落压力的关键原因。目前的研究集中在Arraial do Cabo海洋开采保护区（ACMER），这是大西洋西南部公认的珊瑚绿洲，面临着多重环境压力。其中，大众旅游尤为突出，它促进了沉积。为了解决沉积物特征和速率在不同地点如何变化的科学问题，在五个采样点通过沉降速率、颗粒组成和碳酸钙百分比（%CaCO3）对当地沉积进行了大约一年的监测，每个采样点都暴露于不同程度的自然和人为活动中。结果揭示了与这些活动和自然因素有关的独特模式。例如，在所有其他采样点中，Forno's Cove显示出最高的细沉积物百分比（约70%），这表明沉积与人类活动密切相关。虽然Arraial do Cabo湾的总体沉积速率并不高，但目前的研究结果强调了与旅游活动增加有关的沉积，以及对ACMER进行持续监测的必要性。这种警惕对于确保珊瑚环境的环境健康和支持当地人类社区的生计至关重要。
{"title":"Sediment deposition in an upwelling rocky-reef in southwest Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Layla Poubel Tunala , Frederico Tapajós de Souza Tâmega , Ricardo Coutinho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment is highly related to coral reef degradation worldwide, and sedimentation is considered a critical cause of stress for coral communities. The current study focused on the Arraial do Cabo Marine Extractive Reserve (ACMER), recognized as a coralline oasis in the southwest Atlantic, which is facing multiple environmental pressures. Among them, mass tourism stands out, which enhances sedimentation. To address the scientific question of how sediment characteristics and rates vary across different sites, local sedimentation was monitored for about one year through sedimentation rates, granulometric composition, and the percentage of calcium carbonate (%CaCO<sub>3</sub>) at five sampling sites, each exposed to varying levels of natural and anthropogenic activities. The results revealed distinct patterns linked to these activities and natural agents. For instance, Forno's Cove exhibited the highest percentage of fine sediment (about 70%) among all the other sampled points, suggesting the sedimentation to be strongly related to anthropogenic action. Although the overall sedimentation rates in Arraial do Cabo Bay were not high, the current findings highlight the sedimentation related to the increase in tourist activities and the need for continuous monitoring of ACMER. Such vigilance is crucial for ensuring the environmental health of coral environments and supporting the local human community's livelihoods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 710-717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.005
Yanan Zhu , Yibao Lou , Wenlong Wang , Jiangle Liu , Mingming Guo , Hongliang Kang , Lanqian Feng , Ruidong Li
Dump slopes have experienced severe rill erosion and threaten the safety of the ecological environment. Although vegetation restoration has improved the ecological environments of mining areas, because dump slopes have unique soil properties, the mechanism by which roots impact rill erosion on dump slopes remains unclear. Based on the in-situ runoff scouring experiment of the dump slope and the use of bare land as the control (CK), the influence of roots on rill erosion characteristics (RECs) of the dump slopes were analyzed for three root types of vegetation, specifically, tap root–Artemisia ordosica (AO), fibrous root–Elymus dahuricus (ED) and tap + fibrous root–Artemisia ordosica + Elymus dahuricus (AE). The results indicated that, compared to the CK, the roots reduced the rill erosion rate (Ts) by 75.61%–86.64% and the rill depth (Rd) by 64.62%–81.06% on the dump slopes. However, they increased the runoff depth (h) and Reynolds number (Re) by 2.02%–37.14% and 36.1%–172.0%. Among them, AO significantly increased Manning roughness coefficient (n), Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (f) and shear stress (τ), whereas ED and AE were most effective in reducing h and Ts, respectively. 59.9% of the RECs of dump slopes were explained by roots and hydraulic characteristics together. Furthermore, PLS-SEM analysis revealed that roots affect hydraulic characteristics by changing surface roughness and runoff friction resistance, ultimately leading to differences in the RECs of dump slopes, which explained 98.5% of the RECs on dump slopes with a 72.2% goodness-of-fit. The above results further enhance the understanding of the role of roots in controlling rill erosion on dump slopes.
{"title":"Effects of three plant root systems on rill erosion characteristics on coal dump slopes under simulated experiments","authors":"Yanan Zhu , Yibao Lou , Wenlong Wang , Jiangle Liu , Mingming Guo , Hongliang Kang , Lanqian Feng , Ruidong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dump slopes have experienced severe rill erosion and threaten the safety of the ecological environment. Although vegetation restoration has improved the ecological environments of mining areas, because dump slopes have unique soil properties, the mechanism by which roots impact rill erosion on dump slopes remains unclear. Based on the in-situ runoff scouring experiment of the dump slope and the use of bare land as the control (<em>CK</em>), the influence of roots on rill erosion characteristics (<em>RECs</em>) of the dump slopes were analyzed for three root types of vegetation, specifically, tap root–<em>Artemisia ordosica</em> (<em>AO</em>), fibrous root–<em>Elymus dahuricus</em> (<em>ED</em>) and tap + fibrous root–<em>Artemisia ordosic</em>a + <em>Elymus dahuricus</em> (<em>AE</em>). The results indicated that, compared to the <em>CK</em>, the roots reduced the rill erosion rate (<em>T</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>) by 75.61%–86.64% and the rill depth (<em>R</em><sub><em>d</em></sub>) by 64.62%–81.06% on the dump slopes. However, they increased the runoff depth (<em>h</em>) and Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) by 2.02%–37.14% and 36.1%–172.0%. Among them, <em>AO</em> significantly increased Manning roughness coefficient (<em>n</em>), Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (<em>f</em>) and shear stress (<em>τ</em>), whereas <em>ED</em> and <em>AE</em> were most effective in reducing <em>h</em> and <em>T</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>, respectively. 59.9% of the <em>RECs</em> of dump slopes were explained by roots and hydraulic characteristics together. Furthermore, <em>PLS-SEM</em> analysis revealed that roots affect hydraulic characteristics by changing surface roughness and runoff friction resistance, ultimately leading to differences in the <em>RECs</em> of dump slopes, which explained 98.5% of the <em>RECs</em> on dump slopes with a 72.2% goodness-of-fit. The above results further enhance the understanding of the role of roots in controlling rill erosion on dump slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 718-728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.001
Wei Huang , Shouqian Li , Yongjun Lu , Canhua Zhou , Dewei Mu , Xingnian Liu
Rapid development of inland waterways and marine transportation has resulted in the construction of large ships and an increase in ship speed. Consequently, severe local scour erosion of restricted water beds occurs due to propellers, endangering the surrounding buildings and navigating in the scour area. Thus, investigating bed scouring caused by propeller jets for water-related structures and maintaining navigational safety in restricted waterways is highly important. Therefore, this work combines propeller jet wash flume experiments and dimensionless analysis to investigate the evolution of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of bed scour with varying clearance heights and the use of noncohesive sediments. The temporal evolution of jet scouring was manifested mainly as the development of the scour area's length, depth, and width, and the entire scouring process could be divided into initial, development, and equilibrium stages. The initial stage occupied more than 60% of the scouring process, and the shape of the center profile of the scour area can be expressed by a third-order function. By analyzing the scour depth variation with time, this study proposed a logarithmic equation for the temporal development process of the maximum scour depth in the scour region, which was used to predict the variation in the maximum propeller depth on the surface of the noncohesive sand bed with time.
{"title":"Influence of propeller clearance on the jet scour process in restricted water","authors":"Wei Huang , Shouqian Li , Yongjun Lu , Canhua Zhou , Dewei Mu , Xingnian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid development of inland waterways and marine transportation has resulted in the construction of large ships and an increase in ship speed. Consequently, severe local scour erosion of restricted water beds occurs due to propellers, endangering the surrounding buildings and navigating in the scour area. Thus, investigating bed scouring caused by propeller jets for water-related structures and maintaining navigational safety in restricted waterways is highly important. Therefore, this work combines propeller jet wash flume experiments and dimensionless analysis to investigate the evolution of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of bed scour with varying clearance heights and the use of noncohesive sediments. The temporal evolution of jet scouring was manifested mainly as the development of the scour area's length, depth, and width, and the entire scouring process could be divided into initial, development, and equilibrium stages. The initial stage occupied more than 60% of the scouring process, and the shape of the center profile of the scour area can be expressed by a third-order function. By analyzing the scour depth variation with time, this study proposed a logarithmic equation for the temporal development process of the maximum scour depth in the scour region, which was used to predict the variation in the maximum propeller depth on the surface of the noncohesive sand bed with time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 729-741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.003
Yan Wang , Kexin Miao , Jie Wang , Chunhua Li , Chun Ye , Yu Chu
River and lake sediment is a crucial and sensitive area for the interaction between nature and human activities in the Earth's spheres. CiteSpace was applied to analyze the status quo of global river and lake sediment pollution management from 1983 to 2023. New ideas and application technologies for river and lake sediment pollution control were provided by tracking research hotspots and trends. The results indicated that the number of research papers increased rapidly approximately 2,000. Four productive teams were selected whose research focused on (1) the solidification and stabilization of contaminated sediment (team of Tsang, D.C.W., 2017–2020), (2) the adsorption and interception of persistent organic pollution (team of Cornelissen, G., 2008–2017), (3) the remediation of heavy metal pollution by novel nanomaterials (team of Zeng, G., 2016–2019), and (4) the remediation of heavy metal fields by plants (team of Tack, F.M.G., 2000–2005). In addition, interdisciplinary studies in this field are rare. Polychlorinated biphenyls, cadmium, copper, and other pollutants appeared successively, and the foregoing research tracks of pollutants reflect the development of industrial technology and changes in human lifestyles. Research on plant adsorption, microbial community degradation, and chemical fixation has exceeded the description of the physical and chemical properties of sediment pollutants. Since 2015, activated carbon, ecological risk, environmental change, and management have emerged. The current research highlights two new trends, namely, green environmental protection and environmental change, in terms of management risks in the fields of river and lake sediment pollution. This study contributes to an uplink sensing scheme for lake sediment pollution management in the future.
{"title":"Visualization analysis of global research on river and lake sediment pollution management based on CiteSpace","authors":"Yan Wang , Kexin Miao , Jie Wang , Chunhua Li , Chun Ye , Yu Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>River and lake sediment is a crucial and sensitive area for the interaction between nature and human activities in the Earth's spheres. CiteSpace was applied to analyze the status quo of global river and lake sediment pollution management from 1983 to 2023. New ideas and application technologies for river and lake sediment pollution control were provided by tracking research hotspots and trends. The results indicated that the number of research papers increased rapidly approximately 2,000. Four productive teams were selected whose research focused on (1) the solidification and stabilization of contaminated sediment (team of Tsang, D.C.W., 2017–2020), (2) the adsorption and interception of persistent organic pollution (team of Cornelissen, G., 2008–2017), (3) the remediation of heavy metal pollution by novel nanomaterials (team of Zeng, G., 2016–2019), and (4) the remediation of heavy metal fields by plants (team of Tack, F.M.G., 2000–2005). In addition, interdisciplinary studies in this field are rare. Polychlorinated biphenyls, cadmium, copper, and other pollutants appeared successively, and the foregoing research tracks of pollutants reflect the development of industrial technology and changes in human lifestyles. Research on plant adsorption, microbial community degradation, and chemical fixation has exceeded the description of the physical and chemical properties of sediment pollutants. Since 2015, activated carbon, ecological risk, environmental change, and management have emerged. The current research highlights two new trends, namely, green environmental protection and environmental change, in terms of management risks in the fields of river and lake sediment pollution. This study contributes to an uplink sensing scheme for lake sediment pollution management in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 808-816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号