International Journal of Sediment Research最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of grade control structures on riverbed degradation","authors":"Weiming Wu ,&nbsp;Ruihua Nie ,&nbsp;Kai Wei ,&nbsp;Bruce W. Melville ,&nbsp;Asaad Y. Shamseldin ,&nbsp;Lu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment flux of many rivers has been significantly reduced due to human activities caused by economic development, leading to increasingly severe riverbed degradation. To prevent riverbed degradation, grade control structures (GCSs) have been widely applied in degrading channels. Existing studies have not provided a good understanding of the effects of GCSs on flow characteristics and bed morphology in degrading channels, limiting the management of degrading channels. A series of flume tests with no sediment supply are conducted to investigate the effects of GCSs on upstream water levels and riverbed morphology in degrading channels. The experimental results indicate that: (1) in the initial stage of degradation, the water surface slope in the backwater reach is linearly and negatively correlated with the GCS-height Froude number, based on the average flow velocity upstream of the backwater reach due to GCS and the height of GCS; (2) the effective protection bed length upstream of GCS is approximately equal to the length of the reach where the flow velocity is less than the critical velocity for sediment motion in the backwater zone; (3) for sequential GCSs, the effective protection bed length will decrease if GCS is located in the backwater reach of the downstream GCS. A semi-analytical calculation method of the effective protection length and equilibrium bed profile upstream of GCS in degrading channels is proposed based on the critical condition of sediment motion and weir flow formulas. The computed values by the proposed calculation method agree well with the experimental data of the present study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting machine learning models based on SHAP values in predicting suspended sediment concentration","authors":"Houda Lamane ,&nbsp;Latifa Mouhir ,&nbsp;Rachid Moussadek ,&nbsp;Bouamar Baghdad ,&nbsp;Ozgur Kisi ,&nbsp;Ali El Bilali","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning (ML) has become a powerful tool for predicting suspended sediment concentration (SSC). Nonetheless, the ability to interpret the physical process is considered the main issue in applying most of ML approaches. In this regard, the current study presents a novel framework involving four standalone ML models (extra trees (ET), random forest (RF), categorical boosting (CatBoost), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)) and their combination with genetic programming (GP). Three metrics (coefficient of correlation (<em>r</em>), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe model-fit efficiency (NSE)) and a more advanced interpretation system SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are used to assess the performance of these models applied to hydro-climatic datasets for prediction of SSC. The calibration process was based on data from 2016 to 2020, and the validation was done for 2021 data. Further description and application of the framework are provided based on a case study of the Bouregreg watershed. The results revealed that all implemented models are efficient in SSC prediction with NSE, RMSE, and <em>r</em> varying from 0.53 to 0.86, 1.20–2.55 g/L, and 0.83–0.91 g/L respectively. Box plot diagrams confirm the enhanced performance of these combined models, and the best-performing ones for the four hydrological stations being the combined RF + GP model at the Aguibat Ziar station, the combined XGBoost + GP model at the Ain Loudah station, the CatBoost model at the Ras Fathia station, and the RF model at the Sidi M^ed Cherif station. The interpretability results showed that flow (<em>Q</em>) and seasonality (<em>S</em>) are the features most impacting SSC. These outcomes indicate that the applied models can extract accurate and detailed information from the interactions between the hydroclimatic factors and the generation of sediment by erosion (output). ML approaches illustrated the good reliability and transparency of the models developed for predicting SSC in a semi-arid setting, offered new perspectives for reducing ML models' “black box” character, and provided a useful source of information for assessing the consequences of SSC on water quality. The SHAP system and exploring other interpretable techniques are recommended to provide further information in future research. In addition, incorporating additional input data could enhance SSC predictions and deepen understanding of sediment transport dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 91-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framework for reservoir sedimentation estimation using the hydrological model and campaign—A case study of A Vuong reservoir in central Vietnam","authors":"Binh Quang Nguyen ,&nbsp;Sameh A. Kantoush ,&nbsp;Ngoc Duong Vo ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Sumi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment estimation would help practice sustainable watershed management and efficient reservoir operation. Different methods exist to estimate reservoir sedimentation based on the differences in sediment yield flowing in and releasing from the reservoir and successive bathymetric field measurements. This paper investigates the variability in sediment yield from watersheds and sedimentation in the A Vuong reservoir in central Vietnam using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) compared with bathymetry mapping. Bathymetry data were collected in 2003, 2015, and 2021 and conducted in 2022. SWAT was calibrated from 1996 to 2008 and validated from 2009 to 2020 using monthly observations. SWAT performs well and can accurately simulate monthly streamflow and sediment yield. The goodness-of-fit analyses suggested that the area list representation of the watershed behavior and satisfactory Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE = 0.86) values for streamflow were obtained during the calibration and validation periods. For sediment simulation, the efficiency is lower than streamflow's, with NSE in the validation values of 0.61. The results showed that the sedimentation estimate from the SWAT model is smaller than that from bathymetry. A Vuong reservoir's annual storage capacity loss due to sedimentation accumulation from the SWAT model and bathymetry was 0.08% and 0.38%, respectively. Based on the bathymetry data, we estimated that the average rate of sedimentation deposition of A Vuong reservoir was 1.3 Mm³/y. The average calculated net deposition value was 4.3 m (0.3 m per year) within fourteen years of operation. The study outcomes demonstrated that the framework approach may transfer to an ungauged catchment and address the complex sedimentation problem in tropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 78-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation into flow resistance of large benthic crab burrows in the Yellow River Delta, China","authors":"Wenbo Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Chengyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongjun Lu ,&nbsp;Pan Wu ,&nbsp;Liqin Zuo ,&nbsp;Tingjie Huang ,&nbsp;Huaiqian Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigates the impact of burrowing activities by crab species in the tidal flats of the Yellow River Delta in China on the hydraulic resistance characteristics of water flow, particularly the regulatory effect of biological activity on hydraulic parameters. Although there are many models that attempt to describe the resistance to water flow, these models tend to ignore the influence of such things as biological structures, geomorphological features, and artificial constructs in complex natural water bodies, resulting in insufficient predictive accuracy of the resistance coefficients and Manning's roughness coefficients. In this paper, a new theoretical model is developed to achieve the construction of a model for predicting the hydrodynamic resistance characteristics of crab-hole regions affected by water flow by introducing a cross-sectional area correction coefficient to improve the accuracy of the calculation. The experimental results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the drag coefficient, and the hydraulic radius, and cave density, and a negative correlation with the Reynolds number, and the modification for the sidewall and bed effect greatly improves the representativeness of the measured data. In addition, a new theoretical model is proposed to improve the prediction of drag and Manning's roughness coefficient, and the prediction results are in good agreement with the measured data. The improved drag coefficient calculation model proposed in this paper improves the applicability to the research object and helps to establish a more accurate hydrodynamic model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferring sediment deposition trend in data scared wetland impacted by degraded urban catchment","authors":"Bhaswatee Baishya,&nbsp;Arup Kumar Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduction in water retention capacity due to sedimentation in wetlands poses a serious threat to the ecology of this imperative freshwater resource. This also increases the risk of flooding in the river catchment areas that feed these wetlands. Sediments are mostly produced by unplanned development and hillcutting in upstream catchments. Henceforth, it is crucial to understand the trend in sediment deposition to determine management measures. However, measuring sediment deposition in wetlands is challenging. This study investigates a novel and cost-effective approach to discover trends in sediment deposition within wetlands via geospatial techniques and compares their water extents in the Deepor Beel Wetland, a Ramsar site in Assam, India. The water spread areas were assessed via supervised classified Landsat images and the band rationing technique, i.e., the normalized difference pond index (NDPI). This study establishes that sedimentation causes the water level in wetlands to rise, resulting in an increase in the area of water spread. This often suggests that the lean period water volume is increasing, indicating better health of the stream-wetland ecosystem. However, this apparent increase in water volume is actually due to the displacement of water by the sediment that has been deposited on the bed over time. This approach has identified a reduction in the water holding capacity of the wetland to 9.19 million m³ in 18 years by utilizing geospatially derived water spread and elevation data from two years (2003 and 2021) with comparable rainfall. In the absence of recent and past years with comparable precipitation, the proposed method can still be applied by adjusting the apparent increase in volume by considering the difference in the net inflow volume between the two years of interest. The results of sediment transport toward the wetland, as computed by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model while accounting for the sediment retention rate of the wetland, strongly agree with the proposed approach. The present approach can be extended to similar stream-wetland ecosystems to examine sediment dynamics and help create better management strategies for wetlands and associated catchment conservation and restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 129-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosive stability channel factor for Brda River (Poland): A key assessment of the human impact of the catchment changes","authors":"Dawid Aleksander Szatten ,&nbsp;Oleksandr Obodovskyi ,&nbsp;Marta Brzezińska","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability of river channels results from the impact of spatially diversified natural characteristics of the catchment, which are additionally intensified by the pressure of human activities. The aim of the current study was the overall assessment of the riverbed stability in the Brda River catchment (Poland) in the two periods 1980–1989 and 1991–2018. The study area is characterized by a high discharge regularity, resulting from the river-lake system in the upper part of the catchment, and strong human pressure caused by the presence of hydrotechnical structures in the middle and lower parts of the catchment. The hydrological, sedimentological, and land cover archival data were used in the current study. Also, in the field campaign, the characteristics of the river channel were delimited. Finally, the erosive stability channel factor is proposed, reflecting the level of pressure on the fluvial system from the catchment. The results show that in the first period, there was a tendency to accumulate sediment on the riverbed, resulting in its instability. However, in the second period, the river channel was stable, and erosion and sedimentation processes did not occur. The links between the stability of the bed of the Brda River, and the temporal and area-related pressures made it possible to identify long-term trends in the degradation of the fluvial environment as a result of human activities and to indicate the directions for sustainable sediment management in the catchment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 146-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1001-6279(24)00135-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1001-6279(24)00135-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages ii-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential reuse of fine sediment from hydroelectric dams and recycled concrete sand in road subgrades","authors":"Hamza Beddaa ,&nbsp;Saannibe Ciryle Somé ,&nbsp;Amor Ben Fraj ,&nbsp;Coryse Coudray ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Branche ,&nbsp;Amaury Cudeville","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroelectric dams play a crucial role in power generation, water storage, and irrigation. However, their continuous operation has led to sediment accumulation, thereby reducing the water storage capacity and impacting the facility's life span. The aim of the current study is to assess the reuse potential of dredged fine sediment in the composition of road subgrades. Nine types of sediment from diverse hydroelectric dams are analyzed for their chemical, environmental, physical, and geotechnical properties. These sediments then were treated with quicklime and a slag-based hydraulic road binder (3% and 6%, respectively). The current investigation involves evaluating: Proctor parameters, the immediate bearing index, treatment ability, and the mechanical properties of the treated sediment. The results reveal that the properties of treated sediment differ from one mixture to another, thus, indicating that some mixtures meet the criteria outlined in the French Roadworks Guide, by virtue of their clay and organic matter contents. Moreover, the current study explores the impact of incorporating recycled concrete sand (RCS) as a granular corrector to enhance the reuse potential of the sediment in road subgrades. The current findings indicate that adding RCS significantly improves mixture properties, particularly mechanical characteristics, by reaching 1 MPa before 7 days of curing. These promising outcomes pave the way for more advanced road construction practices in ensuring environmental compliance and promoting an eco-friendly reuse of sediment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"39 6","pages":"Pages 971-983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic “phosphorus” effect of terrestrial lakes and its significance to oil shale during the Carnian period in the late Triassic","authors":"Jiyuan You ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yiyao Yang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Song ,&nbsp;Yiqun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengzhong Liang ,&nbsp;Yunyun Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Triassic lacustrine organic-rich shale (LORS) in Member 7 of the Yanchang Formation (Carnian stage) in the southern Ordos Basin is relatively well developed. Additionally, its organic matter abundance, lake biomass and biodiversity, exceed the maximum values of the other strata deposited during the same period. Apatite is one of the most important minerals and is closely related to biological activities. However, the types and genesis of the continental sedimentary apatite and its significance to shale oil are not clear. Here, the stratigraphy, petrology, and sedimentology of the phosphorus-bearing rock series in the Ma Quan section are studied and its sedimentary environment and phosphorus formation are discussed. The current research shows that apatite in the study area can be divided into three categories: collophanite, bone fossils, and spherical microfossils. These three types of biogenic “phosphorus” products provide effective records of the transformation of the biological substances into sedimentary organic matter. There are two main formation mechanisms: the direct action of organisms and the interaction between the organisms. Bone fossils and spherical microfossils are formed by the direct action of organisms, while collophanite is formed by the indirect action of organisms. The phosphatization methods of the organisms mainly include “coating”, “replacement”, and “filling”, and the presence of a ubiquitous phosphate filler potentially reflects a sufficient phosphate supply. Apatite also is highly important for the development of organic matter in oil shale. First, it changes the productivity conditions. Second, the apatite in the shell of spherical microfossils has a certain protective effect on the organic matter in the inner cavity. In the current study, the geological processes of collophanite deposition and mineralization are explained, an important basis for prospecting phosphate resources is provided, and a new field for the study of the organic matter enrichment mechanism of source rocks is established. At the same time, the process of lake biogenic phosphorus formation provides evidence from the continental deposits in the eastern margin of the Tethys region for exploring deep global changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"39 6","pages":"Pages 960-970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source-oriented health risk assessment of heavy metals in a soil-river continuum in northwest China","authors":"Enqi Yang ,&nbsp;Qingzheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zepeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Shao ,&nbsp;Haiping Luo ,&nbsp;Xiong Xiao ,&nbsp;Fei Ni ,&nbsp;Jimin Mi ,&nbsp;Xiazhong Sun ,&nbsp;Qingyu Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals can easily accumulate in soil and river sediment due to their non-degradability, which seriously endangers the balance of the ecosystem and human health. Thus, research on heavy metals in soil-river composite ecosystems has great significance for risk mitigation. As a seasonal river in a semi-arid region (Yuzhong county) in northwest China, the Wanchuan River supports nearly 500,000 people, but has been polluted by the heavy metals from industrial wastes and sewage discharges. To protect precious water resources and soil ecosystems, it is urgent to do heavy metal research in the Wanchuan River basin. Towards this end, the current study collected samples of soil and river sediment in this basin, and analyzed the distribution characteristics, health risks, and pollution sources of heavy metals, based on the pollution index evaluation method, health risk assessment, a geostatistical model, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The research results show that the contents of heavy metals in soil and river sediment were equivalent. However, contamination levels of heavy metals in stream sediment fell below that in soil. The results from the PMF model pointed out that natural sources contributed remarkably to the contents of heavy metals in soil, while industrial sources had the highest contribution to the contents of heavy metals in river sediment. According to the health risk assessment, among all selected metals, Cr brought about the highest carcinogenic risk, while As generated the highest non-carcinogenic risk. Source-oriented health risk assessment showed that natural sources (37%) and agricultural sources (50%), respectively, contributed most to the non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks induced by soil metals. Industrial sources contributed most both to the non-carcinogenic risks (46%) and carcinogenic risks (37%) induced by river sediment metals. The current research may offer theoretical bases for heavy metal pollution treatment in the soil-river continuum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"39 6","pages":"Pages 916-928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}