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IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.02.001
Hong-wei Fang
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引用次数: 0
Complex morphodynamic processes of a large braided channel in response to different flood flow discharges on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 青藏高原大型辫状河道对不同洪水流量的复杂形态动力学响应
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.008
Weiqi Ouyang , Zhiwei Li , Hanyou Lu , Yunshuo Cheng , Guo-An Yu , Weiwei Yao , Zhixian Cao
The frequency and intensity of river floods in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are increasing under the background of climate warming. In particular, the braided channel in the wide valley section in the Source Region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) has undergone drastic adjustments due to recent summer floods and further adjustments are expected in the future as climate change continues. Nonetheless, a lack of a quantitative description of the phenomenon persists. In order to unravel morphodynamic processes of a braided river under different flood flow discharges, a two-dimensional morphodynamic model was established using Delft3D to simulate the local braided channel in the Tuotuo River based on field observations and remote sensing images in the SRYR. The data of 1, 2, 5, and 10-yr flood hydrographs from 1985 to 2020 were obtained, using the hydrological data at the Tuotuohe Gauging Station. Specifically, two groups of actual flood hydrographs were used to simulate the hydrodynamic and riverbed adjustment of the braided channel reach. The following findings were revealed: (i) increases in discharge cause increases of the water level, and thus the flood flow erode and submerge the sandbars. During a flood, the previous branches are replaced by new branches and the braided channel shows a significantly different configuration after the flood. (ii) With the increase of the flood discharge, the amount of sediment erosion and deposition in the braided channels escalates. Specifically, the sediment erosion and deposition of the 10-yr flood will increase by 3.1 times and 4.7 times, respectively, in comparison with the 1-yr flood. (iii) When the discharge is greater than 180 m3/s, the braiding intensity in the wide valley section (>1.2 km) has a significant decreasing trend with the increase in the flood flow. When the discharge is less than 180 m3/s, the correlation between the braiding intensity and flood flow is not significant in the wide reach. (iv) The braiding intensity of the wide reach as flood frequency increases from the 1- to 2-yr events increases by 14.3%, 11.6%, respectively, and decreases for the 5- to 10-yr events by 3.2% and 10.8%, respectively. In the narrow reach, the increases are 25.5% and 11.2%, for the 1- and 2-yr events, respectively, and the decreases are 25.0% and 53.3% for the 5- and 10-yr events, respectively. The parabolic shape of the correlation between the braided intensity and flood discharge increases first, reaches a peak, and then decreases. Overall, the current study contributes to the understanding of the impact of gradually increasing flood discharge on the morphodynamics of braided rivers in the QTP.
在气候变暖的背景下,青藏高原河流洪水发生的频率和强度都在增加。特别是长江源区宽河谷段的辫状河道,由于近期夏季洪水的影响而发生了剧烈的调整,随着气候变化的持续,预计未来还会有进一步的调整。尽管如此,对这一现象仍然缺乏定量的描述。为了揭示不同洪水流量下辫状河的形态动力学过程,基于野外观测和SRYR遥感影像,利用Delft3D软件对沱沱河局部辫状河进行了二维形态动力学模拟。利用沱沱河站的水文资料,获得了1985 ~ 2020年1、2、5、10年的洪水线资料。具体而言,利用两组实际洪水线模拟了辫状河道河段的水动力和河床调整。结果表明:(1)流量的增加引起水位的升高,从而导致洪水侵蚀和淹没沙洲。在洪水发生时,原有的分支被新的分支所取代,在洪水发生后,编织通道的形态发生了明显的变化。(2)随着洪水流量的增加,辫状河道的冲淤量增大。其中,10年洪水的冲沙量和沉积量分别比1年洪水增加了3.1倍和4.7倍。(iii)当流量大于180 m3/s时,宽河谷段(>1.2 km)的编织强度随洪水流量的增加有明显的减小趋势。当流量小于180 m3/s时,宽河段编织强度与洪水流量的相关性不显著。(4)宽河段的编织强度在1 ~ 2年期间随着洪水频率的增加分别增加了14.3%、11.6%,在5 ~ 10年期间分别减少了3.2%、10.8%。在窄范围内,1年和2年的事件分别增加了25.5%和11.2%,5年和10年的事件分别减少了25.0%和53.3%。编织强度与洪流量的相关曲线呈先增大后达到峰值后减小的抛物线形。总体而言,本研究有助于理解逐渐增加的洪水流量对QTP地区辫状河形态动力学的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Probabilistic risk assessment of fifteen metal(loid)s and their mixtures in surface sediment of Hongze Lake (China) using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique 利用薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术对洪泽湖表层沉积物中15种金属(样物质)及其混合物进行概率风险评估
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.007
Changjiang Ma , Yang-Guang Gu , Richard W. Jordan , Shi-Jun Jiang , Meirong Wang
Freshwater lakes in China face increasing environmental pressures due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, with metal pollution emerging as a significant concern. Despite this, the ecological risk assessment of metal mixtures in lake sediment remains limited. The current study addresses this gap by utilizing the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique to investigate the distribution and ecological risk of metals and arsenic in surface sediment of Hongze Lake, China. Substantial variations in metal concentrations were found across sampling sites, with average values of manganese (Mn) (1,730.56 μg/L) and iron (Fe) (930.58 μg/L) being notably high. The ecological risk quotient (RQ) values for Mn and Fe exceeded 1 at all sites, indicating substantial ecological risks, while copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) had RQ values near or above 1 at most sites. A joint probabilistic risk assessment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method revealed a 30.31% probability of concurrent toxic effects on aquatic organisms. These results highlight the pressing need for proactive measures to mitigate metal contamination risks in Hongze Lake. The current study provides critical insight into the ecological risks associated with metal pollution and underscores the importance of effective environmental management to preserve the lake's ecosystem.
由于城市化和工业化的快速发展,中国淡水湖面临着越来越大的环境压力,金属污染日益成为人们关注的焦点。尽管如此,湖泊沉积物中金属混合物的生态风险评价仍然有限。本研究利用薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术研究洪泽湖表层沉积物中金属和砷的分布及其生态风险,解决了这一空白。不同采样点的金属浓度差异较大,其中锰(Mn)的平均值(1730.56 μg/L)和铁(Fe)的平均值(930.58 μg/L)明显偏高。Mn和Fe的生态风险商(RQ)值均超过1,表明存在较大的生态风险,而铜(Cu)和砷(As)的RQ值在1附近或以上。采用物种敏感性分布(SSD)法进行联合概率风险评估,结果显示水生生物并发毒性效应的概率为30.31%。这些结果表明,迫切需要采取积极措施减轻洪泽湖金属污染风险。目前的研究提供了与金属污染相关的生态风险的关键见解,并强调了有效的环境管理对保护湖泊生态系统的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
CFD modeling of movement of geobag for riverbank erosion control structures 河岸侵蚀控制结构土工包运动的CFD模拟
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.006
Saman Shabani , Yuntong She , Carlos Frederico Lange
The erosion of riverbanks led to significant environmental and infrastructure challenges, leading to soil loss, structural damage, and flooding. Since the 1970s, erosion control structures such as geobags have been widely utilized to protect riverbanks. The geobags provide several advantages, including improved durability and cost-efficiency, compared with traditional rip-raps. To design geobags, it is necessary to understand how the geobags will perform under hydraulic loading. Despite numerous fluvial studies focusing on geobag stability, no study examined how a single bag behaves under current loads, and none of the models simulated the motion of bags. This research investigated geobag movement within the channel bed with overset mesh techniques using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Additionally, an image processing technique was employed to evaluate the borders of the geobags within the channel. By conducting the simulation, the drag and friction forces acting on the single bag were carefully analyzed, and the effects of the shape, fill ratio and material of the geobags were determined. The failure velocity of geobags following the same pattern was determined based on a correlation with the experiment.
河岸的侵蚀给环境和基础设施带来了重大挑战,导致土壤流失、结构破坏和洪水。自20世纪70年代以来,土工袋等侵蚀控制结构被广泛应用于河堤保护。与传统的抓斗相比,geobag有几个优点,包括耐用性和成本效益。为了设计土工袋,必须了解土工袋在水力荷载作用下的性能。尽管有大量的河流研究关注于土工袋的稳定性,但没有一项研究研究单个土工袋在当前负载下的行为,也没有一个模型模拟土工袋的运动。本研究利用计算流体力学(CFD)的超覆网格技术研究了河床内的土工包运动。此外,采用图像处理技术对通道内地理包的边界进行评估。通过仿真,仔细分析了作用在单个土工袋上的阻力和摩擦力,确定了土工袋形状、填充比和材料对土工袋的影响。根据与试验结果的相关性,确定了土工袋的破坏速度。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study on the self-cleaning behavior of slit dams for debris flow hazard mitigation 裂隙坝泥石流自洁特性试验研究
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.009
Diwen Huang , Yong You , Hao Sun , Daochuan Liu , Huaquan Yang , Wentao Zhang
Self-cleaning is a crucial feature of slit dams, which not only enhances upstream and downstream hydraulic connections but also automatically restores a dam's debris flow storage capacity. In this work, a series of specially designed flume tests are performed to simulate the self-cleaning process. The flow rate, relative opening, bed-slope angle, and number of openings are considered. The erosion process, topographic characteristics, and relative erosion depth are analyzed to gain insight into the self-cleaning details. The current results reveal that when the boulders jamming the openings are removed, erosion occurs in three stages (downcutting, headward erosion, and lateral erosion). Conversely, when the blockage remains stable, only surface armoring occurs. Furthermore, after the self-cleaning process reaches a quasiequilibrium state, the topographic features are summarized, and the differences in the maximum erosion depth at the opening are analyzed for different experimental conditions. This paper proposes a critical criterion (F) for the self-cleaning of slit dams on the basis of dimensional analysis. The critical criterion takes into account the interactions of three parameters (Froude number, relative opening, and opening rate) and can be conveniently applied to existing slit dams. When F is less than 0.25, the opening remains blocked, and only surface armoring occurs; when F is between 0.25 and 0.38, the blockage may be removed; and when F is greater than 0.38, self-cleaning leads to massive erosion, and the blockage is removed. Therefore, the proposed critical criterion can help design the opening dimensions of a slit dam, restoring its storage capacity. Finally, the positive effect of self-cleaning on restoring the storage capacity of slit dams is discussed.
自清洁是裂隙坝的一个重要特征,它不仅增强了上游和下游的水力连接,而且自动恢复了大坝的泥石流储存能力。在这项工作中,进行了一系列专门设计的水槽试验来模拟自清洁过程。考虑了流量、相对开度、床坡角和开度数。分析了侵蚀过程、地形特征和相对侵蚀深度,以深入了解自清洁的细节。目前的研究结果表明,当堵塞孔洞的巨石被移除时,侵蚀发生三个阶段(向下侵蚀、向内侵蚀和侧向侵蚀)。相反,当堵塞保持稳定时,只发生表面装甲。此外,在自清洁过程达到平衡状态后,总结了地形特征,分析了不同实验条件下洞口最大侵蚀深度的差异。本文在量纲分析的基础上,提出了裂隙坝自洁的临界判据F。该临界准则考虑了三个参数(弗劳德数、相对开度和开度)的相互作用,可以方便地应用于现有的裂隙坝。当F < 0.25时,孔口保持堵塞状态,只发生表面铠装;当F在0.25 ~ 0.38之间时,可以排除堵塞;当F大于0.38时,自清洗导致大量侵蚀,堵塞被清除。因此,所提出的临界准则可以帮助设计裂隙坝的开口尺寸,恢复其库容。最后,讨论了自清洁对裂隙坝库容恢复的积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
Multidecadal analysis of erosion susceptibility in a watershed heavily impacted by deforestation in southeastern Amazonia 亚马逊东南部受森林砍伐严重影响的流域侵蚀敏感性的多年代际分析
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.010
Edilson Freitas da Silva , José Tasso Felix Guimarães , Gabriel Negreiros Salomão , Prafulla Kumar Sahoo , Douglas Batista da Silva Ferreira , Mariana Maha Jana Costa Figueiredo , Silvio Junio Ramos , Renato Oliveira da Silva Júnior , Adayana Maria Queiroz de Melo , Wilson da Rocha Nascimento Junior , Pedro Walfir Martins Souza Filho , Marcio Sousa da Silva , Paulo Rógenes Monteiro Pontes , Roberto Dall’Agnol
Over the last several decades, extensive changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have caused substantial environmental impacts in the watersheds of southeastern Amazonia, such as the Verde River Watershed (VRW). The effects of anthropogenic activities on soil cover loss rates in the VRW were evaluated to estimate soil loss over time by applying the revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a geographic information system (GIS) environment via rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), topography (LS), and LULC (CP) data. The VRW experiences strong seasonality, with the most significant R concentrated from January to April, which coincides with a relatively high rainfall index reaching approximately 42% of the annual total. Most of the VRW has gently undulating to flat relief (88.9%) and low LS values (0.02–0.025), but its upper course has a sandy soil texture with high K values (0.02–0.073). Pastureland has replaced forested areas during the past 40 years, dramatically changing the landscape with more significant changes in LULC rates in the upper VRW. Estimates of annual and average soil losses and areas at high and very high risk of erosion increased by more than 200% from 1984 to 2021. In conclusion, deforestation is the main factor influencing erosion patterns and volume in the VRW and has accelerated soil degradation, increasing the risks to human health and the maintenance of tropical rainforests. Additionally, simply stopping deforestation is insufficient to prevent the expansion of areas with high and very high erosion risk. It is crucial to implement reforestation projects to recover forested areas.
在过去的几十年里,土地利用和土地覆盖(LULC)的广泛变化对亚马逊东南部流域造成了重大的环境影响,例如Verde河流域(VRW)。在地理信息系统(GIS)环境下,通过降雨侵蚀力(R)、土壤可蚀性(K)、地形(LS)和LULC (CP)数据,应用修订后的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE),评估了人类活动对VRW土壤覆盖损失率的影响,以估算土壤随时间的流失。降水量具有较强的季节性,R值在1 ~ 4月最为显著,降水量指数较高,约占年降水量的42%。大部分VRW为平缓起伏至平坦地形(88.9%),LS值较低(0.02 ~ 0.025),但上部为砂质土质地,K值较高(0.02 ~ 0.073)。在过去的40年里,牧场取代了森林地区,极大地改变了景观,VRW上游的LULC率变化更为显著。从1984年到2021年,年和平均土壤流失量以及高和极高侵蚀风险地区的估计值增加了200%以上。总之,森林砍伐是影响热带雨林流域侵蚀模式和侵蚀量的主要因素,加速了土壤退化,增加了对人类健康和热带雨林维持的风险。此外,仅仅停止砍伐森林不足以防止高和极高侵蚀风险地区的扩张。实施造林工程,恢复森林面积至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Grain-size parameters and diatom records as indicators of environmental changes along the southern Brazilian coastal plain 粒度参数和硅藻记录作为巴西南部沿海平原环境变化的指标
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.005
Cristiane Bahi dos Santos , Iran Stallivière Corrêa , Jair Weschenfelder , Jeffery Robert Stone
Connections between changes in sediment distribution and diatom species are sensitive to environment-related deposition patterns of fine-grained sediment. A large lagoon in the southernmost Brazilian coastal plain was selected to test the sensitivity of diatoms to sediment changes and their ability to classify depositional environments. Selected grain-size parameters, including mean grain size, skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation, and sand-silt-clay ratios, were evaluated for interpretation. The trigonal diagram shows that most of the lagoon sub-bottom deposits lie in the fine-grained tail. Silt is dominant within the Holocene fluvial-estuarine, estuarine-transitional, and shallow marine deposits. Sand fractions (> 76%) are distributed in the coastal barrier and in a few fluvial-estuarine intervals. Most deposits are polymodal, lying between poorly sorted sediment, indicating a low-energy depositional environment. The results were interpreted as indicated by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which revealed resulting shifts in sediment and diatom composition connected to five sedimentary facies controlled by sea-level oscillations. Diatom species recovered from sediment cores have distinctive capacities for living under high marine, freshwater, and terrestrial conditions. Each quadrant of the PCA reflects the adaptation of species to particular depositional conditions during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Allochthonous taxa provide valuable ecological information about adjacent environments in the coastal area, offering insight into the paleogeography of the study area. The major advantage of the analytical methods is their applicability in distinguishing different environments involving mixed deposition and transport mechanisms. The sediment deposited on the bottom of a large lagoon provide significant implications not only for sedimentological analysis by improving understanding of high deposition of mud and fine-grained sands but also for predictions of the source-to-sink routes.
沉积物分布变化与硅藻种类之间的联系对细粒沉积物的环境相关沉积模式非常敏感。在巴西最南端的沿海平原选择了一个大型泻湖来测试硅藻对沉积物变化的敏感性以及它们对沉积环境进行分类的能力。选定的粒度参数,包括平均粒度、偏度、峰度、标准差和砂-粉-粘土比,用于评估解释。三角图显示,大部分泻湖底下沉积物位于细粒尾。全新世河流-河口、河口-过渡和浅海沉积以粉砂为主。砂粒分数(>;76%)分布在海岸屏障和少数河流-河口间隔。矿床多为多模态,位于分选差的沉积物之间,为低能沉积环境。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,沉积物和硅藻组成的变化与海平面波动控制的5种沉积相有关。从沉积物岩心中恢复的硅藻物种具有在高海洋,淡水和陆地条件下生活的独特能力。PCA的每个象限反映了物种在晚更新世和全新世对特定沉积条件的适应。外来类群为研究区邻近环境提供了有价值的生态信息,为研究区古地理提供了线索。该分析方法的主要优点是适用于区分涉及混合沉积和运输机制的不同环境。沉积在大型泻湖底部的沉积物不仅通过提高对泥浆和细粒砂的高沉积的理解而为沉积学分析提供了重要意义,而且还为预测源-库路线提供了重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the hydraulic roughness of a movable flatbed in a sand channel while considering the effects of water temperature 在考虑水温影响的情况下,对沙槽中移动平板的水力粗糙度进行了模拟
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.004
Junzheng Liu , Jinliang Zhang , Zhe Huang , Haijue Xu , Yuchuan Bai , Gang Wang
The prediction of the flow resistance (usually quantified as the hydraulic roughness) of a movable flatbed is a key issue affecting the calculation accuracy of flood levels in river training projects. Bedload motion on a movable flatbed causes additional energy loss and increases hydraulic roughness. Several theoretical and empirical predictors for characterizing this phenomenon have been proposed, but the accuracy and physical basis of these models should be improved. In this study, the total energy dissipation rate is separated into two components: the energy dissipation rate due to grain drag and the additional energy dissipation rate due to bedload motion. Following the energy dissipation rate balance equation, a new predictor was proposed for movable flatbed flows. The water temperature was empirically coupled with the fluid viscosity and its associated physical variables. A new empirical relation between two dimensionless flow‒sediment combination variables was established to demarcate the various bedform transitions induced by the water temperature. The new predictor was compared with other predictors, and the prediction results were compared to the measured data. The error metric showed that the new predictor provided the highest accuracy, with ∼88.5% of the 826 data points falling within the ±30% error band. The new predictor suggested that the additional drag is nonlinearly proportional to the grain drag, and the scale factor between these two parameters is related to five flow‒sediment variables. In addition, the ability of the new predictor to quantify water temperature effects was examined. The predicted resistance exhibited three change modes with increasing water temperature, and the results suitably agreed with the measurements. The effect of the water temperature on the resistance of a movable flatbed is jointly controlled by the suspension number and roughness Reynolds number. This study provides an effective predictor that can be used by decision makers for modeling the hydraulic roughness of a movable flatbed.
在河道整治工程中,移动平板机的流阻预测(通常用水力粗糙度来量化)是影响水位计算精度的关键问题。在可移动的平板上的床载运动造成额外的能量损失并增加水力粗糙度。已经提出了几种描述这一现象的理论和经验预测因子,但这些模型的准确性和物理基础有待提高。在本研究中,将总耗散率分为两部分:颗粒阻力耗散率和层质运动附加耗散率。在能量耗散率平衡方程的基础上,提出了一种新的可动平板流的预测模型。水温与流体粘度及其相关的物理变量进行了经验耦合。建立了两个无量纲流沙组合变量之间的经验关系,用以划分水温引起的各种河床转变。将新预测器与其他预测器进行比较,并将预测结果与实测数据进行比较。误差度量显示,新的预测器提供了最高的准确度,826个数据点中的~ 88.5%落在±30%的误差范围内。新的预测结果表明,附加阻力与颗粒阻力呈非线性正比关系,并且这两个参数之间的比例因子与5个流沙变量有关。此外,还检验了新预测器量化水温效应的能力。随着水温的升高,预测阻力呈现出三种变化模式,与实测结果吻合较好。水温对活动平板阻力的影响由悬浮数和粗糙度雷诺数共同控制。该研究提供了一个有效的预测器,可用于决策者对可移动平板的水力粗糙度进行建模。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological properties of two-dimensional and three-dimensional bedforms in open channel flow: A flume experiments study 明渠水流中二维和三维河床形态的形态特征:水槽试验研究
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.007
Wenhong Cao , Xu Geng , Chunjing Liu , Lingfeng Zhang
Bedforms are formed by sediment particles under the action of flow, which in turn affect flow and sediment movement. However, the fundamental mechanisms behind the formation and development of bedforms under varying flow conditions, the interconnection between sediment particle movement and bed morphology development, as well as the influence of bedforms on flow and sediment transport, are still not well understood. In the current study, the moveable bed load transport flume experiments under different flow conditions were done, and the development processes of two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes formed under different flow intensities were simulated. The detailed structure of the bedforms was measured by laser scanning technology, the characteristics of the bedforms were analyzed in detail, and the relations between the formation of the bedforms and the movement of sediment particles are discussed. The results found that the correlation coefficients of the longitudinal profile curve can serve as a quick reference for distinguishing two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes. When the crestline ratio is used as the criterion for two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes, the relative amplitude of the dune crestline and the included angle with the flow direction should also be comprehensively considered. The lee side angles of dunes calculated using the triangle generalization method and local section tangent method are compared and show that the values obtained by the former method are only about half of that of the latter. It is also found that the lee side angles of dunes are related to the dune height. The superimposed dunes generally exist in the downstream area of the stoss side of the dunes. The local bed slopes on the stoss side of the dunes show reverse slopes. The superimposed dunes improve the local bed height and further increase the reverse slope degree of the stoss side. A streamwise ridge is an important form located in the upstream area of the dunes stoss side, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides. Multiple streamwise ridges divide the stoss side of the dunes into relatively independent movement areas, restricting the movement of sediment particles to specific regions. According to the distribution characteristics of bed morphologies, the effects of dunes on sediment particle movement and flow energy consumption are analyzed.
河床是泥沙颗粒在水流作用下形成的,进而影响水流和泥沙运动。然而,在不同水流条件下,河床形成和发展的基本机制、泥沙颗粒运动与河床形态发展之间的相互联系以及河床对水流和泥沙输运的影响尚不清楚。本研究进行了不同流量条件下的动床输沙水槽试验,模拟了不同流量强度下形成的二维和三维沙丘的发育过程。利用激光扫描技术对其进行了详细的结构测量,详细分析了其特征,并讨论了其形成与泥沙颗粒运动的关系。结果表明,纵剖面曲线相关系数可作为判别二维和三维沙丘的快速参考。在将峰顶线比值作为二维和三维沙丘的判据时,还应综合考虑沙丘峰顶线的相对幅值及其与水流方向的夹角。将三角概化法与局部切线法计算的沙丘背风侧角进行了比较,结果表明,前者计算的沙丘背风侧角仅为后者的一半左右。沙丘的背风角与沙丘高度有关。叠合沙丘一般存在于沙丘的压力侧下游区域。沙丘正面的局部层状斜坡呈逆坡。沙丘的叠加提高了局部层高,进一步增加了应力侧的逆坡度。顺流脊是沙丘坡面上游的一种重要形态,在沙丘坡面两侧呈对称分布。多个顺流山脊将沙丘的压力面划分为相对独立的运动区域,将泥沙颗粒的运动限制在特定区域。根据河床形态的分布特点,分析了沙丘对泥沙颗粒运动和水流能量消耗的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Influences of sedimentation on overflow properties of sharp-crested weir 沉降对尖顶堰溢流特性的影响
IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.008
Mohammad Mehdi Farzanmehr, Jahanshir Mohammadzadeh-Habili
A sharp-crested weir is the simplest type of weir and is mainly used for discharge measurement in open channels. The surface profile of an ogee weir also is designed based on the lower nappe profile of the free jet passing over a sharp-crested weir. In the current study, influences of sedimentation on the discharge coefficient and lower nappe profile of a sharp-crested weir were experimentally investigated. The results indicated that for a specific discharge value, an increase in upstream sedimentation depth results in the reduction in the water level of the approach flow to the sharp-crested weir, and, consequently, a reduction in the weir water head. As the discharge coefficient is inversely influenced by the weir water head, increases in the sedimentation depth resulted in raising the discharge coefficient of the sharp-crested weir up to 42%. Furthermore, the results indicated that with increases in upstream sedimentation depth, the lower nappe profile of the free jet passing over the sharp-crested weir tends toward that of a vertical drop. Under upstream sedimentation, the discharge coefficient of the sharp-crested weir is mainly influenced by the weir's effective height (difference between weir height and sedimentation depth) and it is minimally influenced by sediment grain sizes. Using the experimental results supported by dimensional analysis, the discharge coefficient of the sharp-crested weir was accurately derived as an increasing function of the ratio of weir water head to weir effective height.
尖顶堰是最简单的堰型,主要用于明渠的流量测量。在自由射流通过尖顶堰时的下推覆剖面的基础上,设计了ogee堰的表面剖面。试验研究了泥沙淤积对尖峰堰流量系数和下推覆剖面的影响。结果表明,在一定的流量值下,上游沉降深度的增加会导致陡峰堰引流水位的降低,从而导致陡峰堰水头的降低。由于流量系数与堰头呈负相关关系,随着沉降深度的增加,尖峰堰的流量系数提高了42%。此外,随着上游沉积深度的增加,自由射流通过尖顶堰的下推覆剖面趋向于垂直落差剖面。在上游淤积条件下,尖顶堰的流量系数主要受有效高度(堰高与淤积深度之差)的影响,受泥沙粒径的影响最小。利用量纲分析支持的试验结果,准确推导出尖顶堰的流量系数是堰头与堰高之比的递增函数。
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International Journal of Sediment Research
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