International Journal of Sediment Research最新文献

{"title":"Contributions of flow discharge, slope gradient, and scouring time on rill erosion: A quantitative study of exposed slopes in the loess region","authors":"Yang Li ,&nbsp;Jianjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yawei Hu ,&nbsp;Jiongchang Zhao ,&nbsp;Peng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow discharge, slope gradient, and erosion time are widely recognized as crucial factors in determining rill erosion and its morphological characteristics. However, the relative importance of these three factors needs to be further elaborated to refine the understanding of rill erosion. In the current study, scour experiments were done under various conditions, including five flow discharges (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm/min), five slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°), and durations of 20, 40, and 60 min. The resulting rill erosion process and its related morphological characteristics have been documented and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the average soil loss rate increased significantly with the increase inflow discharge and slope gradient. The individual effect of flow discharge (38.35%) was more pronounced than that of slope gradient (18.38%). Increasing flow discharge, slope gradient, and scouring time intensified the occurrence of headward erosion. Over extended erosion durations, rill length, width, depth, and volume all experienced increases. Additionally, with higher flow discharge and steeper slope gradient, the rill width-depth ratio decreased, indicating that rills became narrower and deeper. The individual effect of flow discharge on all rill morphological characteristics was more pronounced than that of slope gradient and scouring time. Except for rill length, the slope gradient had a greater impact on rill morphological characteristics than scouring time. Importantly, a significant portion of the runoff's potential energy was channeled into soil erosion rather than kinetic energy in sediment-laden flow. Based on the principle of energy conservation, the occurrence of rills reduced the energy required for soil erosion from 83.84 to 598.96 J/kg to 2.22–37.53 J/kg. The current study deepens the understanding of rill erosion mechanisms on the Loess Plateau in China and provides a scientific foundation for soil erosion control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 500-511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidecadal analysis of erosion susceptibility in a watershed heavily impacted by deforestation in southeastern Amazonia","authors":"Edilson Freitas da Silva ,&nbsp;José Tasso Felix Guimarães ,&nbsp;Gabriel Negreiros Salomão ,&nbsp;Prafulla Kumar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Douglas Batista da Silva Ferreira ,&nbsp;Mariana Maha Jana Costa Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Silvio Junio Ramos ,&nbsp;Renato Oliveira da Silva Júnior ,&nbsp;Adayana Maria Queiroz de Melo ,&nbsp;Wilson da Rocha Nascimento Junior ,&nbsp;Pedro Walfir Martins Souza Filho ,&nbsp;Marcio Sousa da Silva ,&nbsp;Paulo Rógenes Monteiro Pontes ,&nbsp;Roberto Dall’Agnol","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last several decades, extensive changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have caused substantial environmental impacts in the watersheds of southeastern Amazonia, such as the Verde River Watershed (VRW). The effects of anthropogenic activities on soil cover loss rates in the VRW were evaluated to estimate soil loss over time by applying the revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a geographic information system (GIS) environment via rainfall erosivity (<em>R</em>), soil erodibility (<em>K</em>), topography (<em>LS</em>), and LULC (<em>CP</em>) data. The VRW experiences strong seasonality, with the most significant <em>R</em> concentrated from January to April, which coincides with a relatively high rainfall index reaching approximately 42% of the annual total. Most of the VRW has gently undulating to flat relief (88.9%) and low <em>LS</em> values (0.02–0.025), but its upper course has a sandy soil texture with high <em>K</em> values (0.02–0.073). Pastureland has replaced forested areas during the past 40 years, dramatically changing the landscape with more significant changes in LULC rates in the upper VRW. Estimates of annual and average soil losses and areas at high and very high risk of erosion increased by more than 200% from 1984 to 2021. In conclusion, deforestation is the main factor influencing erosion patterns and volume in the VRW and has accelerated soil degradation, increasing the risks to human health and the maintenance of tropical rainforests. Additionally, simply stopping deforestation is insufficient to prevent the expansion of areas with high and very high erosion risk. It is crucial to implement reforestation projects to recover forested areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 426-438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of infiltration and erosion rates in Mediterranean reservoirs’ catchments through rainfall simulation","authors":"Jorge Mongil-Manso ,&nbsp;Carmen Patino-Alonso ,&nbsp;José Nespereira-Jato ,&nbsp;José-Luis Molina ,&nbsp;Fernando Espejo ,&nbsp;Teresa Diez-Castro ,&nbsp;Santiago Zazo ,&nbsp;Fernando Silla","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The land use and vegetation type of a reservoir's catchment substantially affect the hydrological processes of soil infiltration and runoff. They also act as drivers or constraints for erosive processes. All the previous processes influence the amount of water and sediment that reach the reservoir and affect its functioning. This study is mainly aimed to improve the knowledge of these processes in southeastern Spain by means of experimental rainfall simulation and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that the mean infiltration rate is 1.06 times higher in forests than in shrublands and 1.07 times higher than in olive crops (280.52, 265.02, and 262.08 mm/h, respectively), with mean surface runoff consequently 1.57 times lower in forests than in shrublands and 2.41 times lower than in olive crops (20.81, 32.58, and 50.24 mm/h). Likewise, the sediment concentration in the runs is 5.48 times higher in olive groves (518.43 g/L) than in forests (94.61 g/L) and 2.94 times higher than in shrublands (176.48 g/L). Soil properties and parent material might have a more important effect on the studied variables than the different vegetation types. Furthermore, root systems and the use of tillage on crops could favor infiltration, which would tend to equalize the values of the variables analyzed; but this needs to be demonstrated in future research. The results obtained are of interest for vegetation cover and soils management in reservoirs’ catchments in Mediterranean areas. Furthermore, the current research provides an opportunity to study more specifically the origin of the sediment that reaches the reservoirs, beyond sheet and rill erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 466-475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the parameters of common settling velocity models for porous sediment aggregates","authors":"Alexander Metelkin ,&nbsp;Bernhard Vowinckel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The settling behavior of sediment aggregates is a critical factor influencing the transport of fine-grained sediment in riverine and marine environments. Due to the small size and fragile structure of cohesive sediment aggregates, direct measurement of their porosity and permeability is challenging. While porosity often is estimated using settling velocity relations, permeability is frequently overlooked. The current study examines the impact of considering non-negligible permeability on the properties of flocs. Aggregate properties are compared by calibrating experimental data to two settling models in a dilute regime: one assumes a fractal structure of aggregates and neglects permeability, while the other assumes constant porosity and permeability. The current results demonstrate that both models describe the experimental data of highly porous aggregates with similar accuracy. Aggregate dynamics are further investigated in more complex flow conditions using numerical simulations applying a volume penalization method to geometrically resolve flocs. The behavior of permeable and impermeable flocs is compared in dense suspension regimes and during dilute settling in density-stratified environments. The current findings reveal that permeability significantly influences settling dynamics in complex scenarios and should be considered when determining aggregate properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 412-425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of four types of biochar to improve soil properties and decrease soil detachment in vulnerable hillslopes to rill erosion","authors":"Fateme Sedaghatkish,&nbsp;Safoora Asadi Kapourchal,&nbsp;Misagh Parhizkar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar, as a viable substrate and soil amendment, has the potential to improve the physical and chemical properties of soils, consequently affecting soil erosion. However, few studies have explored the impacts of different types of biochar on soil detachment rates in the hillslope rill erosion process due to overland flow in deforested areas. To fill this knowledge gap, this study evaluated the soil detachment capacity (<em>D</em>_c) and rill erodibility (<em>K</em>_r) of soil samples amended with four different biochars (wood, rice, olive, and almond shells) collected from deforested hillslopes in northern Iran. <em>D</em>_c was measured via a hydraulic flume at three-bed slopes (8.5%, 16.9%, and 25.4%) and five flow discharges (0.21, 0.32, 0.43, 0.55, and 0.63 L/(m·s)). Moreover, key properties of the amended soils and the control soil, including organic matter (OM), aggregate stability (MWD), bulk density (BD), and cation exchange capacity (CEC), were measured. Compared with the control treatment, the application of the four types of biochar significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) decreased the <em>D</em>_c (with at least a 41% reduction). The application of almond shell and rice biochars significantly increased the OM and MWD, thus effectively decreasing <em>D</em>_c (−76% compared with that of wood biochar) and (−47% compared with that of olive biochar). The correlation analysis revealed significant associations between OM, MWD, and BD on the one hand and <em>D</em>_c on the other hand. Overall, the soils treated with almond shell and rice biochars could be distinguished from the other soils into distinct groups via principal component analysis. The linear relationship between <em>D</em>_c and shear stress was used to reflect the relationship between the dependent and independent variables (coefficient of determination, <em>R</em>² &gt; 0.71). The multiple regression equation developed to estimate <em>D</em>_c from the OM, MWD, and BD data was also accurate (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.83). This study demonstrated that almond shells and rice biochars can be effective factors in controlling and reducing <em>D</em>_c and <em>K</em>_r on deforested and steep hillslopes. The findings of this study can help land managers select the most effective organic substrate for soil conservation purposes as well as hydrologists to support the estimation of rill erosion on steep hillslopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 489-499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submerged macrophyte-dominated systems fed by karst groundwater produce a significant autochthonous carbon sink in sediment: A mesocosm experiment study","authors":"Dong Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Hailong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zaihua Liu ,&nbsp;Xuejun He ,&nbsp;Qian Bao ,&nbsp;Haibo He ,&nbsp;Meixun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inland water portion of the carbon cycle is an essential component of the global carbon cycle and is a promising direction to seek missing carbon sinks. Inland waters fix inorganic carbon to form autochthonous organic carbon (Auto-OC) and accept laterally transferred terrestrial OC. Calculating the carbon sink flux of inland water requires a quantitative estimation of the proportion of the aforementioned processes. In the current study, <em>n</em>-alkanes are used as biomarkers and the dual carbon isotope method (Bayesian mixing model) is applied to estimate the proportions of Auto-OC in the sediment of a simulation site comprising five shallow submerged macrophyte-dominated subsystems. The study results showed that a high proportion of Auto-OC was present in all sediment, regardless of the season or subsystem. However, the proportions were higher in the warm-humid season than in the cold-dry season. Results from a correlation analysis showed that temperature-controlled seasonal variations in the photosynthetic strength of aquatic organisms are the most likely cause of this difference. The average deposition rates of total organic carbon and Auto-OC were high (66.7 and 58.2 g C/m²/yr, respectively). Throughout the year, the weighted average percentage of Auto-OC ranged from 76% to 90%, with a mean value of 86% in the five aquatic subsystems. Establishing and maintaining submerged macrophyte-dominated systems have a potential of decreasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) evasion and sequestrating more carbon (C) in headwaters. Working for clear submerged macrophyte-dominated lakes is beneficial for increasing carbon sinks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 400-411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the self-cleaning behavior of slit dams for debris flow hazard mitigation","authors":"Diwen Huang ,&nbsp;Yong You ,&nbsp;Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Daochuan Liu ,&nbsp;Huaquan Yang ,&nbsp;Wentao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-cleaning is a crucial feature of slit dams, which not only enhances upstream and downstream hydraulic connections but also automatically restores a dam's debris flow storage capacity. In this work, a series of specially designed flume tests are performed to simulate the self-cleaning process. The flow rate, relative opening, bed-slope angle, and number of openings are considered. The erosion process, topographic characteristics, and relative erosion depth are analyzed to gain insight into the self-cleaning details. The current results reveal that when the boulders jamming the openings are removed, erosion occurs in three stages (downcutting, headward erosion, and lateral erosion). Conversely, when the blockage remains stable, only surface armoring occurs. Furthermore, after the self-cleaning process reaches a quasiequilibrium state, the topographic features are summarized, and the differences in the maximum erosion depth at the opening are analyzed for different experimental conditions. This paper proposes a critical criterion (<em>F</em>) for the self-cleaning of slit dams on the basis of dimensional analysis. The critical criterion takes into account the interactions of three parameters (Froude number, relative opening, and opening rate) and can be conveniently applied to existing slit dams. When <em>F</em> is less than 0.25, the opening remains blocked, and only surface armoring occurs; when <em>F</em> is between 0.25 and 0.38, the blockage may be removed; and when <em>F</em> is greater than 0.38, self-cleaning leads to massive erosion, and the blockage is removed. Therefore, the proposed critical criterion can help design the opening dimensions of a slit dam, restoring its storage capacity. Finally, the positive effect of self-cleaning on restoring the storage capacity of slit dams is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 454-465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion dynamics and implications for sustainable land management: A case study using the RUSLE model","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Haseeb ,&nbsp;Zainab Tahir ,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq ,&nbsp;Khalid F. Almutairi ,&nbsp;Walid Soufan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current research aimed to evaluate the severity and distribution of soil erosion in a Swat district, Pakistan, which is vital for sustainable land management and conservation efforts. This study focused on key parameters affecting soil erosion: the length factor (<em>L</em>), slope factor (<em>S</em>), crop management factor (<em>C</em>), rainfall erosivity factor (<em>R</em>), soil erodibility factor (<em>K</em>), and support practice factor (<em>P</em>). Various parameters were quantified via RS data from Sentinel-2 imagery and processed with geographical information system (GIS) tools. The values of these parameters ranged from 0.00% to 38.86%, 0 to 1, 547 to 773 <span><math><mtext>MJ</mtext><mo>·</mo><mtext>mm</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>,</mtext></math></span> 0.24–0.33 <span><math><mtext>MJ</mtext><mo>·</mo><mspace></mspace><mtext>mm</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and 0.10–1.00, respectively. On the basis of these estimates, the total annual potential soil loss was approximately 173,816 <span><math><mi>t</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><mspace></mspace><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> with extreme erosion rates exceeding 10,000 <span><math><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> in specific locations. The study categorized the soil erosion risk into five classes, ranging from very low to extreme, enabling the identification of areas requiring immediate attention and intervention. The findings of this study provide valuable insight for land management and conservation planning while also contributing to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) by identifying areas where soil erosion poses a significant threat to food security. The current study underscores the importance of addressing soil erosion to promote sustainable land use and conservation strategies, ensuring long-term agricultural productivity and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 385-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of InVEST-SDR model to evaluate soil erosion and sedimentation in the closer catchment of a proposed tropical reservoir in Sri Lanka","authors":"Hulan Badde Gedara Dilshan Madubhashana Padminda Ekanayaka ,&nbsp;Nimal Shantha Abeysingha ,&nbsp;Tusita Amarasekara ,&nbsp;Ram Lakhan Ray ,&nbsp;Dinithi Kusalani Samarathunga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion is a significant environmental threat, impacting water quality and the siltation of the productive capacity of reservoirs. To prioritize soil conservation areas for sustainable land management, quantitative spatial assessment of soil erosion is essential, particularly in the catchment of a reservoir. The current study aims to evaluate the soil erosion severity and sediment generation in the closer catchment of a proposed reservoir, the lower Malwathu Oya Reservoir in Sri Lanka. Erosion modeling has proven cost-effective in assessing the spatial distribution of soil erosion severity. This current study utilized the Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs sediment delivery ratio (InVEST-SDR) model to analyze the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment export. A digital elevation model (30 m × 30 m), 22 years of rainfall data, land use and land cover data, soil map, and cropping factors were used as model inputs. The results revealed an average annual soil loss ranging from 0 to 15.55 t/(ha·y) in the catchment and a mean annual sediment export of 0.016 t/(ha·y). Erosion severity was classified into four hazard classes, i.e., insignificant (&lt;0.5 t/(ha·y)), weak (0.5–3 t/(ha·y)), considerable (3–12 t/(ha·y)), and severe (12 &lt; t/(ha·y)). A critical 0.12% area was identified as a considerable soil erosion hazard area, necessitating urgent measures for erosion control. High-risk areas were at Galpottegama, Asirikgama, Puleliya, Navodagama, and Thuppitiyawa Grama Niladari. These findings provide valuable insight for formulating and implementing soil conservation practices in the catchment to reduce the siltation of the proposed lower Malwathu Oya reservoir. The study is an example of using InVEST-SDR to evaluate the sedimentation of a proposed reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 253-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of emergent vegetation on three-dimensional turbulent flow properties and bed morphology in a partially vegetated channel","authors":"Pritam Kumar,&nbsp;Anurag Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to explore three-dimensional turbulent flow properties and bed morphology in a partially vegetated channel with sand bed conditions. Presence of flexible vegetation in the river and its interaction with the flow are of great significance in understanding the momentum and mass transport in the flow. Experiments were conducted in a straight, tilting rectangular flume with staggered emergent vegetation covering half of the channel width. The results show that the presence of vegetation diverts streamwise velocity from the vegetated side to the non-vegetated side. The study reveals that the presence of vegetation leads to an increase in turbulent intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds shear stress at the transition area between the vegetated and non-vegetated sides of the channel. This increase is attributed to higher transverse flow and momentum exchange in the transition area between the vegetated and non-vegetated sides. In the vegetated side, the vegetation serves as an obstruction, reducing turbulent intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds shear stress compared to the transition area between the vegetated and non-vegetated sides. This reduction in turbulence supports the stability of bed materials and promotes sediment deposition. The presence of vegetation significantly alters the secondary current in the channel. Scour depth along the non-vegetated side was higher than the vegetated side, mainly because the flow concentrated in the centre and non-vegetated side of the channel. The investigation determines that the existence of vegetation on the vegetated side effectively protects against bed erosion and sediment transport. Understanding the impact of emergent flexible vegetation on flow properties and sediment transport can inform decisions about vegetation layouts in river ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 286-311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}