Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.3940/RINA.IJME.A3.377
A. Balin, H. Demirel, F. Alarçin
This paper demonstrated the fuzzy AHP combined with fuzzy VIKOR technique integrated with essentials of weight in order to overcome the risk evaluation process of the uncertainty in subjective perception and experience of human. Gas turbine has considerably expanded its role in several areas subsequent to the improvement in high efficiency and clean energy such as aviation and marine propulsion systems, electric power stations, and natural gas and petroleum transportation. However, the cost of various industrial plants and their relevant maintenance appear to be extremely expensive to be operated by these gas turbines. This paper aimed to cope with the essential elements of gas turbine including hydraulic-pneumatic equipment, electronic control equipment, and bearing equipment. The results have proved the bearing equipment to have been the most effected alternative, as being ensued by hydraulic-pneumatic equipment and electronic control equipment.
{"title":"AN EVALUATION APPROACH FOR ELIMINATING THE FAILURE EFFECT IN GAS TURBINE USING FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA","authors":"A. Balin, H. Demirel, F. Alarçin","doi":"10.3940/RINA.IJME.A3.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/RINA.IJME.A3.377","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrated the fuzzy AHP combined with fuzzy VIKOR technique integrated with essentials of weight in order to overcome the risk evaluation process of the uncertainty in subjective perception and experience of human. Gas turbine has considerably expanded its role in several areas subsequent to the improvement in high efficiency and clean energy such as aviation and marine propulsion systems, electric power stations, and natural gas and petroleum transportation. However, the cost of various industrial plants and their relevant maintenance appear to be extremely expensive to be operated by these gas turbines. This paper aimed to cope with the essential elements of gas turbine including hydraulic-pneumatic equipment, electronic control equipment, and bearing equipment. The results have proved the bearing equipment to have been the most effected alternative, as being ensued by hydraulic-pneumatic equipment and electronic control equipment.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45728455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5750/ijme.v155ia1.892
J. Parunov, I. Gledić, Y. Garbatov, C. Soares
Fatigue life of deck longitudinals of oil tankers is analysed based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. A parametric formulation for the estimation of stress intensity factors and the Paris-Erdogan law are applied. Long-term effects of corrosion are modelled based on regression equations fitted to thickness measurements made during inspections of two tankers. Parametric studies are performed in order to investigate the importance of the governing parameters of crack propagation. A comparison of the fatigue analyses performed by linear fracture mechanics and S-N approaches is presented.
{"title":"FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF CORRODED DECK LONGITUDINALS OF TANKERS","authors":"J. Parunov, I. Gledić, Y. Garbatov, C. Soares","doi":"10.5750/ijme.v155ia1.892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v155ia1.892","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Fatigue life of deck longitudinals of oil tankers is analysed based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. A parametric formulation for the estimation of stress intensity factors and the Paris-Erdogan law are applied. Long-term effects of corrosion are modelled based on regression equations fitted to thickness measurements made during inspections of two tankers. Parametric studies are performed in order to investigate the importance of the governing parameters of crack propagation. A comparison of the fatigue analyses performed by linear fracture mechanics and S-N approaches is presented. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47375405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.3940/rina.ijme.2016.a2.330tn
V. Rumawas, B. Asbjørnslett
This technical note presents an analysis of the underlying factors of human factors in ship design based on questionnaires distributed on two offshore supply vessels operating in the Norwegian Sea. The concept of human factors in ship design is still evolving. The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary model of the human factors construct by using a factor analysis method. The results confirm the existence of controllability, workability and habitability as the principal factors of human factors in ship design. Three other factors that emerged are cargo facilities, reliability, automation and maintainability (RAM) and interfacing complexity. Bridging variables found between these factors include elements such as safety, manoeuvring, engine room and bridge design. A preliminary model of how the components or parts relate to human factors in ship design and operation is developed. The model also indicates the parties who are responsible for the various aspects of ship design from a human factors perspective.
{"title":"HUMAN FACTORS IN SHIP DESIGN AND OPERATION: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE THEORETICAL CONSTRUCT","authors":"V. Rumawas, B. Asbjørnslett","doi":"10.3940/rina.ijme.2016.a2.330tn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijme.2016.a2.330tn","url":null,"abstract":"This technical note presents an analysis of the underlying factors of human factors in ship design based on questionnaires distributed on two offshore supply vessels operating in the Norwegian Sea. The concept of human factors in ship design is still evolving. The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary model of the human factors construct by using a factor analysis method. The results confirm the existence of controllability, workability and habitability as the principal factors of human factors in ship design. Three other factors that emerged are cargo facilities, reliability, automation and maintainability (RAM) and interfacing complexity. Bridging variables found between these factors include elements such as safety, manoeuvring, engine room and bridge design. A preliminary model of how the components or parts relate to human factors in ship design and operation is developed. The model also indicates the parties who are responsible for the various aspects of ship design from a human factors perspective.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44918067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.992
J. Homišin, P. Kaššay, M. Puškár, R. Grega, J. Krajňák, M. Urbanský, M. Moravič
Mechanical system drives consist of driving machines and gearing mechanisms interconnected by shafts and couplings. In terms of dynamics it is possible to say that every driving mechanism is able to oscillate. Especially piston devices can create excessive torsional oscillation, vibrations, as well as noise. Important task of a designer is to reduce torsional oscillation in mechanical systems. Presently this problem is mainly solved by the flexible shaft couplings that are selected with regard to the dynamic properties of the given system. It means that every torsional oscillating mechanical system needs to be suitably tuned. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of controlling of dangerous torsional oscillations of the mechanical systems by the means of new method, i.e. its optimal tuning by means of the pneumatic coupling with self-regulation, which were developed by us.
{"title":"CONTINUOUS TUNING OF SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEM BY MEANS OF PNEUMATIC TUNER OF TORSIONAL OSCILLATION","authors":"J. Homišin, P. Kaššay, M. Puškár, R. Grega, J. Krajňák, M. Urbanský, M. Moravič","doi":"10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.992","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical system drives consist of driving machines and gearing mechanisms interconnected by shafts and couplings. In terms of dynamics it is possible to say that every driving mechanism is able to oscillate. Especially piston devices can create excessive torsional oscillation, vibrations, as well as noise. Important task of a designer is to reduce torsional oscillation in mechanical systems. Presently this problem is mainly solved by the flexible shaft couplings that are selected with regard to the dynamic properties of the given system. It means that every torsional oscillating mechanical system needs to be suitably tuned. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of controlling of dangerous torsional oscillations of the mechanical systems by the means of new method, i.e. its optimal tuning by means of the pneumatic coupling with self-regulation, which were developed by us.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45201234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5750/ijme.v158ia4.1006
M. J. Núñez Sánchez
I congratulate the author of the article with his successful publication. The necessity to change the SOLAS is timely. Suggestions concerning simplifications in the application of the Convention, the use of more simple methods and delegation of greater freedom of choice for ship owners and designers have the right. In my opinion, the increasing use of probabilistic methods in the rules of the Convention is not always justified. For example, the Graph - analytical method that has been used previously to assess the unsinkable ship, gives the designer more opportunity than the current Probabilistic standard.
{"title":"TOWARDS A NEW SOLAS CONVENTION: A TRANSFORMA TION OF THE SHIP SAFETY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK","authors":"M. J. Núñez Sánchez","doi":"10.5750/ijme.v158ia4.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v158ia4.1006","url":null,"abstract":"I congratulate the author of the article with his successful publication. The necessity to change the SOLAS is timely. Suggestions concerning simplifications in the application of the Convention, the use of more simple methods and delegation of greater freedom of choice for ship owners and designers have the right. \u0000In my opinion, the increasing use of probabilistic methods in the rules of the Convention is not always justified. For example, the Graph - analytical method that has been used previously to assess the unsinkable ship, gives the designer more opportunity than the current Probabilistic standard.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43629314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.994
Xing-yue Ni, B. Prusty, A. Hellier
Stiffened panels made out of isotropic or anisotropic materials are being extensively used as structural elements for aircraft, maritime, and other structures. In order to maintain stiffness and strength with light weight, new design techniques must be employed when utilising these materials. Their stability, ultimate strength and loading capacity are the key issues pertaining to these engineering structures which have attracted a number of investigators to undertake in- depth research, either in an academic or actual engineering context. This paper presents a review of the optimisation techniques applied to buckling and post-buckling of stiffened panels. Papers published in the period from 2000 to May 2015 have been taken into consideration. The topic is addressed by identifying the most significant objectives, targets and issues, as well as the optimisation formulations, optimisation algorithms and models available. Finally a critical discussion, giving some practical advice and pointing out and post-buckling of stiffened panels, is provided.
{"title":"BUCKLING AND POST-BUCKLING OF ISOTROPIC AND COMPOSITE STIFFENED PANELS: A REVIEW ON OPTIMISATION (2000-2015)","authors":"Xing-yue Ni, B. Prusty, A. Hellier","doi":"10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.994","url":null,"abstract":"Stiffened panels made out of isotropic or anisotropic materials are being extensively used as structural elements for aircraft, maritime, and other structures. In order to maintain stiffness and strength with light weight, new design techniques must be employed when utilising these materials. Their stability, ultimate strength and loading capacity are the key issues pertaining to these engineering structures which have attracted a number of investigators to undertake in- depth research, either in an academic or actual engineering context. This paper presents a review of the optimisation techniques applied to buckling and post-buckling of stiffened panels. Papers published in the period from 2000 to May 2015 have been taken into consideration. The topic is addressed by identifying the most significant objectives, targets and issues, as well as the optimisation formulations, optimisation algorithms and models available. Finally a critical discussion, giving some practical advice and pointing out and post-buckling of stiffened panels, is provided. ","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5750/ijme.v158ia1.1156
M. Khodayari, S. Balochian
This paper deals with the design of new self-tuning Fuzzy Fractional Order PID (AFFOPID) controller based on nonlinear MIMO structure for an AUV in order to enhance the performance in both transient state and steady state of traditional PID controller. It is particularly advantageous when the effects of highly nonlinear processes, like high maneuver, parameters variation, have to be controlled in presence of sensor noises and wave disturbances. Aspects of AUV controlling are crucial because of Complexity and highly coupled dynamics, time variety and difficulty in hydrodynamic modeling. In this try, the comprehensive nonlinear model of AUV is derived through kinematics and dynamic equations. The scaling factor of the proposed AFFOPID Controller is adjusted online at different underwater conditions. Combination of adaptive fuzzy methods and PID controllers can enhance solving the uncertainty challenge in the PID parameters and AUV parameter uncertainty. The simulation results show that developed control system is stable, competent and efficient enough to control the AUV in path following with stabilized and controlled speed. Obtained results demonstrate that the proposed controller has good performance and significant robust stability in comparison to traditional tuned PID controllers.
{"title":"DESIGN OF ADAPTIVE FUZZY FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER FOR AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE (AUV) IN HEADING AND DEPTH ATTITUDES","authors":"M. Khodayari, S. Balochian","doi":"10.5750/ijme.v158ia1.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v158ia1.1156","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the design of new self-tuning Fuzzy Fractional Order PID (AFFOPID) controller based on nonlinear MIMO structure for an AUV in order to enhance the performance in both transient state and steady state of traditional PID controller. It is particularly advantageous when the effects of highly nonlinear processes, like high maneuver, parameters variation, have to be controlled in presence of sensor noises and wave disturbances. Aspects of AUV controlling are crucial because of Complexity and highly coupled dynamics, time variety and difficulty in hydrodynamic modeling. In this try, the comprehensive nonlinear model of AUV is derived through kinematics and dynamic equations. The scaling factor of the proposed AFFOPID Controller is adjusted online at different underwater conditions. Combination of adaptive fuzzy methods and PID controllers can enhance solving the uncertainty challenge in the PID parameters and AUV parameter uncertainty. The simulation results show that developed control system is stable, competent and efficient enough to control the AUV in path following with stabilized and controlled speed. Obtained results demonstrate that the proposed controller has good performance and significant robust stability in comparison to traditional tuned PID controllers.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47935383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.995
X. K. Zhang, G. Zhang
In order to solve the problem that backstepping method cannot effectively guarantee the robust performance of the closed-loop system, a novel method of determining parameter is developed in this note. Based on the ship manoeuvring empirical knowledge and the closed-loop shaping theory, the derived parameters belong to a reduced robust group in the original stabilizing set. The uniformly asymptotic stability is achieved theoretically. The training vessel “Yulong” and the tanker “Daqing232” are selected as the plants in the simulation experiment. And the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"DETERMINING ROBUST PARAMETERS IN STABILIZING SET OF BACKSTEPPING BASED NONLINEAR CONTROLLER FOR SHIP COURSE KEEPING","authors":"X. K. Zhang, G. Zhang","doi":"10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v158ia3.995","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the problem that backstepping method cannot effectively guarantee the robust performance of the closed-loop system, a novel method of determining parameter is developed in this note. Based on the ship manoeuvring empirical knowledge and the closed-loop shaping theory, the derived parameters belong to a reduced robust group in the original stabilizing set. The uniformly asymptotic stability is achieved theoretically. The training vessel “Yulong” and the tanker “Daqing232” are selected as the plants in the simulation experiment. And the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45024084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5750/ijme.v158ia2.983
M. J. Núñez Sánchez
This document considers the necessary elements for fundamentally transforming SOLAS to adapt safety to innovation, technology sophistication and operational efficiency of shipping by means of a long-term comprehensive review of the existing regulatory framework. This should be undertaken with a view to ensuring that the Convention fulfils its mission and meets the future challenges, taking into account the ever-increasing pace of change and technological advancements made since 1974. This paper considers that a Goal-Based-Safety Level approach will provide the key to success and discusses the possibility to take a holistic approach to build a far reaching Convention that will help the stakeholders who deal with these regulations to be more effective.
{"title":"TOWARDS A NEW SOLAS CONVENTION: A TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHIP SAFETY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK","authors":"M. J. Núñez Sánchez","doi":"10.5750/ijme.v158ia2.983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v158ia2.983","url":null,"abstract":"This document considers the necessary elements for fundamentally transforming SOLAS to adapt safety to innovation, technology sophistication and operational efficiency of shipping by means of a long-term comprehensive review of the existing regulatory framework. This should be undertaken with a view to ensuring that the Convention fulfils its mission and meets the future challenges, taking into account the ever-increasing pace of change and technological advancements made since 1974. This paper considers that a Goal-Based-Safety Level approach will provide the key to success and discusses the possibility to take a holistic approach to build a far reaching Convention that will help the stakeholders who deal with these regulations to be more effective.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45041467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.3940/RINA.IJME.2016.A3.354
P. Gualeni, A. Boveri, F. Silvestro, A. Margarita
The aim of this work is to provide a methodology for the power generation optimization on large cruise ships in order to improve their operating efficiency, fuel saving and, consequently, to reduce exhaust gas emissions. The electrical load analysis is compared to the machinery reports of actual data in order to investigate if the estimated required power is appropriately close to the real power demand. Relevance is given to the average load of the diesel-generators, which expresses an indication of how the generators work. The model of the ship electric distribution system represents one of the main objectives of this work along with the power system simulations. These were developed through the definition of load profiles, both by the onboard recordings and by machinery reports data. Therefore, the same cruise profile is analyzed under different scenarios, the real and the optimized one, in order to highlight the critical state of the system and any possible margin for improvement.
{"title":"DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR POWER GENERATION MANAGEMENT FOR AN 110000+ GRT CRUISE SHIP","authors":"P. Gualeni, A. Boveri, F. Silvestro, A. Margarita","doi":"10.3940/RINA.IJME.2016.A3.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/RINA.IJME.2016.A3.354","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to provide a methodology for the power generation optimization on large cruise ships in order to improve their operating efficiency, fuel saving and, consequently, to reduce exhaust gas emissions. The electrical load analysis is compared to the machinery reports of actual data in order to investigate if the estimated required power is appropriately close to the real power demand. Relevance is given to the average load of the diesel-generators, which expresses an indication of how the generators work. The model of the ship electric distribution system represents one of the main objectives of this work along with the power system simulations. These were developed through the definition of load profiles, both by the onboard recordings and by machinery reports data. Therefore, the same cruise profile is analyzed under different scenarios, the real and the optimized one, in order to highlight the critical state of the system and any possible margin for improvement.","PeriodicalId":50313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Maritime Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45910980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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