Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.3389/frym.2023.1178537
Tobias Stål, Felicity S. McCormack, A. Reading, Niam Askey-Doran, J. Halpin, M. Lösing
Antarctica’s ice sheet is constantly on the move, flowing from the deep, frozen interior of the continent toward the ocean, where it melts. In fact, because the oceans are getting warmer, the Antarctic ice sheet melts faster, and therefore, the sea level is rising. However, predicting how the ice sheet will flow differently from place to place is complicated. The landscape beneath the ice sheet helps to control how fast the ice moves. For example, the ice can stick and deform, or slide smoothly across the land under the ice. Naturally occurring heat from inside the Earth can cause the base of the ice sheet to melt and soften so that it flows more easily, sliding on the meltwater formed. The amount of this geothermal heat varies across Antarctica and is difficult to measure. However, scientists with various expertise can collaborate to understand how much heat there is and how it shapes the ice sheet.
{"title":"Geothermal Heat Shapes the Antarctic Ice Sheet From Below","authors":"Tobias Stål, Felicity S. McCormack, A. Reading, Niam Askey-Doran, J. Halpin, M. Lösing","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1178537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1178537","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica’s ice sheet is constantly on the move, flowing from the deep, frozen interior of the continent toward the ocean, where it melts. In fact, because the oceans are getting warmer, the Antarctic ice sheet melts faster, and therefore, the sea level is rising. However, predicting how the ice sheet will flow differently from place to place is complicated. The landscape beneath the ice sheet helps to control how fast the ice moves. For example, the ice can stick and deform, or slide smoothly across the land under the ice. Naturally occurring heat from inside the Earth can cause the base of the ice sheet to melt and soften so that it flows more easily, sliding on the meltwater formed. The amount of this geothermal heat varies across Antarctica and is difficult to measure. However, scientists with various expertise can collaborate to understand how much heat there is and how it shapes the ice sheet.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"33 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1184019
Melissa Arioli, R. Anguera-Singla, Peter E. Wais
The ability to remember detailed information is called high-fidelity long-term memory. We use high-fidelity long-term memory to remember the details of our favorite stories and how to track which family member a green pair of socks belongs to. As we age, the ability to remember these details declines as the health of the brain changes. We created a virtual reality video game called Labyrinth-VR, with the aim to restore memory. When playing Labyrinth-VR, participants practice figuring out where they want to go using the shortest route to get there. In Labyrinth-VR, participants learned a virtual neighborhood and then had to find their way around to run errands. In our study, 49 older adults played either 12 h of Labyrinth-VR or 12 h of iPad games. The results of tests of high-fidelity long-term memory showed that playing Labyrinth-VR, but not iPad games, led to improvements in participants’ scores.
{"title":"Virtual Reality Video Game Improves Memory in Older Adults","authors":"Melissa Arioli, R. Anguera-Singla, Peter E. Wais","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1184019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1184019","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to remember detailed information is called high-fidelity long-term memory. We use high-fidelity long-term memory to remember the details of our favorite stories and how to track which family member a green pair of socks belongs to. As we age, the ability to remember these details declines as the health of the brain changes. We created a virtual reality video game called Labyrinth-VR, with the aim to restore memory. When playing Labyrinth-VR, participants practice figuring out where they want to go using the shortest route to get there. In Labyrinth-VR, participants learned a virtual neighborhood and then had to find their way around to run errands. In our study, 49 older adults played either 12 h of Labyrinth-VR or 12 h of iPad games. The results of tests of high-fidelity long-term memory showed that playing Labyrinth-VR, but not iPad games, led to improvements in participants’ scores.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.3389/frym.2023.1253426
Aglaja Blanke, Ulrich Harms
Why do scientists drill into the Earth? Drilling is a valuable tool to unravel secrets of the planet’s history because lots of information is safely stored deep below our feet within the Earth. By taking samples from deep in the Earth and performing laboratory tests on them, scientists find rock materials, water, bacteria, and fossils that can help to unravel mysteries of life and the environment over millions of years. Drilling is also important for finding sustainable new resources, such as geothermal heat, which can be used to produce energy for our homes. Drilling can also help us understand and protect our planet. Another important reason for drilling is to install specific instruments deep in the Earth, to monitor Earth’s movements. These instruments help us to better understand natural disasters like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions and can enhance the safety of billions of people worldwide.
{"title":"Secrets Beneath Your Feet—The Fascinating World of Scientific Drilling","authors":"Aglaja Blanke, Ulrich Harms","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1253426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1253426","url":null,"abstract":"Why do scientists drill into the Earth? Drilling is a valuable tool to unravel secrets of the planet’s history because lots of information is safely stored deep below our feet within the Earth. By taking samples from deep in the Earth and performing laboratory tests on them, scientists find rock materials, water, bacteria, and fossils that can help to unravel mysteries of life and the environment over millions of years. Drilling is also important for finding sustainable new resources, such as geothermal heat, which can be used to produce energy for our homes. Drilling can also help us understand and protect our planet. Another important reason for drilling is to install specific instruments deep in the Earth, to monitor Earth’s movements. These instruments help us to better understand natural disasters like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions and can enhance the safety of billions of people worldwide.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1225146
Kathleen B. Miller, J. Huff, Zarana S. Patel
Space missions present several unique challenges to human health and performance, including space radiation, unique gravity fields, living with just a small group of companions in a small space for a long time, limited resources like food and water, and being far away from Earth. Since our last visit to the Moon, scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have identified over 20 categories of human health risks that are related to these spaceflight hazards. Identifying the human health risks posed by space travel allows new science experiments to be designed and new knowledge to be gained, so we can ensure the health and safety of astronauts on their journeys of space exploration. In this article, we will set off on our own exploration mission to discover and learn about some of the main hazards and related health risks that space travelers will encounter.
{"title":"Hazards During Spaceflight Can Affect Human Health","authors":"Kathleen B. Miller, J. Huff, Zarana S. Patel","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1225146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1225146","url":null,"abstract":"Space missions present several unique challenges to human health and performance, including space radiation, unique gravity fields, living with just a small group of companions in a small space for a long time, limited resources like food and water, and being far away from Earth. Since our last visit to the Moon, scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have identified over 20 categories of human health risks that are related to these spaceflight hazards. Identifying the human health risks posed by space travel allows new science experiments to be designed and new knowledge to be gained, so we can ensure the health and safety of astronauts on their journeys of space exploration. In this article, we will set off on our own exploration mission to discover and learn about some of the main hazards and related health risks that space travelers will encounter.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1225146
Kathleen B. Miller, J. Huff, Zarana S. Patel
Space missions present several unique challenges to human health and performance, including space radiation, unique gravity fields, living with just a small group of companions in a small space for a long time, limited resources like food and water, and being far away from Earth. Since our last visit to the Moon, scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have identified over 20 categories of human health risks that are related to these spaceflight hazards. Identifying the human health risks posed by space travel allows new science experiments to be designed and new knowledge to be gained, so we can ensure the health and safety of astronauts on their journeys of space exploration. In this article, we will set off on our own exploration mission to discover and learn about some of the main hazards and related health risks that space travelers will encounter.
{"title":"Hazards During Spaceflight Can Affect Human Health","authors":"Kathleen B. Miller, J. Huff, Zarana S. Patel","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1225146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1225146","url":null,"abstract":"Space missions present several unique challenges to human health and performance, including space radiation, unique gravity fields, living with just a small group of companions in a small space for a long time, limited resources like food and water, and being far away from Earth. Since our last visit to the Moon, scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have identified over 20 categories of human health risks that are related to these spaceflight hazards. Identifying the human health risks posed by space travel allows new science experiments to be designed and new knowledge to be gained, so we can ensure the health and safety of astronauts on their journeys of space exploration. In this article, we will set off on our own exploration mission to discover and learn about some of the main hazards and related health risks that space travelers will encounter.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1225865
Luciano Varela, Martín Batallés, P. Tambusso, R. Fariña
Not so long ago, huge mammals weighing more than 1,000 kg existed practically all over the world. We call these giants the Pleistocene megafauna because they lived in a time period called the Pleistocene and were almost completely extinct around 11,700 years ago. These mammals lived on Earth for millions of years and were very important to almost all land-based ecosystems. However, natural climate change and humans decreased their ability to survive. Today, we find fossils of Pleistocene megafauna all over the world, including bones, hair, droppings, and even footprints. Scientists dig for these fossils to learn more about these animals and why they went extinct. Studying these ancient animals also gives scientists important information that helps them understand the risks that today’s living animals face in our world.
{"title":"The Late Pleistocene Megafauna: Huge Animals that Used to Roam the Earth","authors":"Luciano Varela, Martín Batallés, P. Tambusso, R. Fariña","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1225865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1225865","url":null,"abstract":"Not so long ago, huge mammals weighing more than 1,000 kg existed practically all over the world. We call these giants the Pleistocene megafauna because they lived in a time period called the Pleistocene and were almost completely extinct around 11,700 years ago. These mammals lived on Earth for millions of years and were very important to almost all land-based ecosystems. However, natural climate change and humans decreased their ability to survive. Today, we find fossils of Pleistocene megafauna all over the world, including bones, hair, droppings, and even footprints. Scientists dig for these fossils to learn more about these animals and why they went extinct. Studying these ancient animals also gives scientists important information that helps them understand the risks that today’s living animals face in our world.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139891447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1225231
B. Loedolff, Shaun Peters
Humankind is in crisis! Our ever-growing population, global warming, and changing climate is threatening our ability to produce enough food in the future. We rely on only a few major crops (such as maize, wheat, and rice) as our main food crops. These crops have been successfully farmed over thousands of years to feed humankind and keep people from being hungry. However, the major food crops do not provide sufficient nutrition, and these crops are also struggling to grow and produce food under changing climate conditions. We need alternative food crops! Legumes like peas and beans are one tasty alternative. In this article, we will tell you how legume crops are useful to humankind and why they are so well suited for our ever-changing world.
{"title":"How Neglected Crops Can Solve the World’s Food Problems?","authors":"B. Loedolff, Shaun Peters","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1225231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1225231","url":null,"abstract":"Humankind is in crisis! Our ever-growing population, global warming, and changing climate is threatening our ability to produce enough food in the future. We rely on only a few major crops (such as maize, wheat, and rice) as our main food crops. These crops have been successfully farmed over thousands of years to feed humankind and keep people from being hungry. However, the major food crops do not provide sufficient nutrition, and these crops are also struggling to grow and produce food under changing climate conditions. We need alternative food crops! Legumes like peas and beans are one tasty alternative. In this article, we will tell you how legume crops are useful to humankind and why they are so well suited for our ever-changing world.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139830325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1225865
Luciano Varela, Martín Batallés, P. Tambusso, R. Fariña
Not so long ago, huge mammals weighing more than 1,000 kg existed practically all over the world. We call these giants the Pleistocene megafauna because they lived in a time period called the Pleistocene and were almost completely extinct around 11,700 years ago. These mammals lived on Earth for millions of years and were very important to almost all land-based ecosystems. However, natural climate change and humans decreased their ability to survive. Today, we find fossils of Pleistocene megafauna all over the world, including bones, hair, droppings, and even footprints. Scientists dig for these fossils to learn more about these animals and why they went extinct. Studying these ancient animals also gives scientists important information that helps them understand the risks that today’s living animals face in our world.
{"title":"The Late Pleistocene Megafauna: Huge Animals that Used to Roam the Earth","authors":"Luciano Varela, Martín Batallés, P. Tambusso, R. Fariña","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1225865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1225865","url":null,"abstract":"Not so long ago, huge mammals weighing more than 1,000 kg existed practically all over the world. We call these giants the Pleistocene megafauna because they lived in a time period called the Pleistocene and were almost completely extinct around 11,700 years ago. These mammals lived on Earth for millions of years and were very important to almost all land-based ecosystems. However, natural climate change and humans decreased their ability to survive. Today, we find fossils of Pleistocene megafauna all over the world, including bones, hair, droppings, and even footprints. Scientists dig for these fossils to learn more about these animals and why they went extinct. Studying these ancient animals also gives scientists important information that helps them understand the risks that today’s living animals face in our world.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"85 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139831540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1225231
B. Loedolff, Shaun Peters
Humankind is in crisis! Our ever-growing population, global warming, and changing climate is threatening our ability to produce enough food in the future. We rely on only a few major crops (such as maize, wheat, and rice) as our main food crops. These crops have been successfully farmed over thousands of years to feed humankind and keep people from being hungry. However, the major food crops do not provide sufficient nutrition, and these crops are also struggling to grow and produce food under changing climate conditions. We need alternative food crops! Legumes like peas and beans are one tasty alternative. In this article, we will tell you how legume crops are useful to humankind and why they are so well suited for our ever-changing world.
{"title":"How Neglected Crops Can Solve the World’s Food Problems?","authors":"B. Loedolff, Shaun Peters","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1225231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1225231","url":null,"abstract":"Humankind is in crisis! Our ever-growing population, global warming, and changing climate is threatening our ability to produce enough food in the future. We rely on only a few major crops (such as maize, wheat, and rice) as our main food crops. These crops have been successfully farmed over thousands of years to feed humankind and keep people from being hungry. However, the major food crops do not provide sufficient nutrition, and these crops are also struggling to grow and produce food under changing climate conditions. We need alternative food crops! Legumes like peas and beans are one tasty alternative. In this article, we will tell you how legume crops are useful to humankind and why they are so well suited for our ever-changing world.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.3389/frym.2023.1151914
Alexandria N. Weaver, Mariya M. Vodyanyk, Susanne M. Jaeggi
Your brain is constantly changing as you grow up and get older. Throughout your life you have all kinds of experiences, and your brain has the amazing ability to respond to those experiences in various ways. For example, when you learn something new, such as how to play a new game or speak a new language, your brain makes new connections, and these connections get stronger the more you practice or use what you learned. The experiences you had when you were younger can have lasting effects on your brain as an adult. In this article, we will talk about how playing musical instruments and creating visual art can change your brain, how these changes affect your future adult brain, and examples of a few technologies that have been used to help scientists visualize brain changes.
{"title":"How Music and Art Tune and Sculpt Your Brain’s Architecture","authors":"Alexandria N. Weaver, Mariya M. Vodyanyk, Susanne M. Jaeggi","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1151914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1151914","url":null,"abstract":"Your brain is constantly changing as you grow up and get older. Throughout your life you have all kinds of experiences, and your brain has the amazing ability to respond to those experiences in various ways. For example, when you learn something new, such as how to play a new game or speak a new language, your brain makes new connections, and these connections get stronger the more you practice or use what you learned. The experiences you had when you were younger can have lasting effects on your brain as an adult. In this article, we will talk about how playing musical instruments and creating visual art can change your brain, how these changes affect your future adult brain, and examples of a few technologies that have been used to help scientists visualize brain changes.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"22 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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