Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1372875
Alice C Haynes, Jessica L. Fielding, Annie Lywood, Christopher Kent, Jonathan Rossiter
Have you ever felt worried or scared about something? That feeling is called anxiety, and it is normal to feel this from time to time. Unfortunately, people can sometimes feel so anxious that it makes them feel sick and stops them from doing things that they enjoy. When this happens, taking medicine or talking to a therapist can help, but it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve medicine. So, we made a robotic cushion to help people when they feel anxious. The cushion is soft and comforting like a pillow or teddy bear, but it also does something special when you hug it to help you feel better: it breathes! In this article, we will explain how we made the cushion and how we tested its ability to help people with anxiety.
{"title":"Can Hugging a Soft Robotic Cushion Help When You Feel Worried?","authors":"Alice C Haynes, Jessica L. Fielding, Annie Lywood, Christopher Kent, Jonathan Rossiter","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1372875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1372875","url":null,"abstract":"Have you ever felt worried or scared about something? That feeling is called anxiety, and it is normal to feel this from time to time. Unfortunately, people can sometimes feel so anxious that it makes them feel sick and stops them from doing things that they enjoy. When this happens, taking medicine or talking to a therapist can help, but it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve medicine. So, we made a robotic cushion to help people when they feel anxious. The cushion is soft and comforting like a pillow or teddy bear, but it also does something special when you hug it to help you feel better: it breathes! In this article, we will explain how we made the cushion and how we tested its ability to help people with anxiety.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1389097
Luisa Souza Battistelli, Thaís Aguiar Santos, A. Anbinder
Lots of people think that all dentists use little mirrors and loud tools like dental drills, but there is a type of dentist who does not need these things: the oral and maxillofacial pathologist. Can you believe that oral pathologists do not actually treat the teeth or even meet the patient? The oral pathologist receives a tiny piece of tissue from the patient, usually obtained through a small surgery called a biopsy. Then, a super tiny slice of that tissue is prepared and placed on a glass slide, and the oral pathologist looks at it through a microscope to figure out what disease the patient might have. This information is important to give the patient the right treatment. Do you want to learn more about this process and about the healthcare professional who does not meet the patient face-to-face? Keep reading to find out all these answers and more!
{"title":"The Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist: The Dentist Behind the Microscope","authors":"Luisa Souza Battistelli, Thaís Aguiar Santos, A. Anbinder","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1389097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1389097","url":null,"abstract":"Lots of people think that all dentists use little mirrors and loud tools like dental drills, but there is a type of dentist who does not need these things: the oral and maxillofacial pathologist. Can you believe that oral pathologists do not actually treat the teeth or even meet the patient? The oral pathologist receives a tiny piece of tissue from the patient, usually obtained through a small surgery called a biopsy. Then, a super tiny slice of that tissue is prepared and placed on a glass slide, and the oral pathologist looks at it through a microscope to figure out what disease the patient might have. This information is important to give the patient the right treatment. Do you want to learn more about this process and about the healthcare professional who does not meet the patient face-to-face? Keep reading to find out all these answers and more!","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"56 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1274188
Shelby O’Leary, Michael C. Hout
Have you ever had an imaginary friend? If you ever have, you probably did not physically see or hear them outside of your imagination. Unfortunately, some people see and hear things that are not actually real. This can be a feature of a mental disorder known as schizophrenia. There is much scientific interest in studying mental health, and scientists have many tools at their disposal to investigate disorders like schizophrenia. One of the ways psychologists study how the brain works is by using an eye-tracker—a device that has a camera and a computer and can determine where a person is looking. People diagnosed with schizophrenia often show unusual patterns of eye movements that give scientists clues about how the disorder works and affects patients. This information also gives medical professionals a valuable tool by which to diagnose their patients.
{"title":"What Can The Eyes Tell Us About Schizophrenia?","authors":"Shelby O’Leary, Michael C. Hout","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1274188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1274188","url":null,"abstract":"Have you ever had an imaginary friend? If you ever have, you probably did not physically see or hear them outside of your imagination. Unfortunately, some people see and hear things that are not actually real. This can be a feature of a mental disorder known as schizophrenia. There is much scientific interest in studying mental health, and scientists have many tools at their disposal to investigate disorders like schizophrenia. One of the ways psychologists study how the brain works is by using an eye-tracker—a device that has a camera and a computer and can determine where a person is looking. People diagnosed with schizophrenia often show unusual patterns of eye movements that give scientists clues about how the disorder works and affects patients. This information also gives medical professionals a valuable tool by which to diagnose their patients.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"50 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1378550
Jessica M. Fagerstrom, Samantha Van Nest
In this article, we will talk about a special treatment that doctors can use to help people who have cancer. This kind of treatment is called brachytherapy. Brachytherapy uses little pieces of materials that give off radiation to treat cancer from the inside out. We will explore what radiation is, what it means when something is radioactive, and why radiation can be used for cancer treatment. We will discuss different types of brachytherapy, because sometimes doctors use small, implanted capsules and sometimes they use a special robot. Toward the end of the article, we will see how this treatment can be used for different kinds of cancers.
{"title":"Treating Cancer From the Inside Out","authors":"Jessica M. Fagerstrom, Samantha Van Nest","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1378550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1378550","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we will talk about a special treatment that doctors can use to help people who have cancer. This kind of treatment is called brachytherapy. Brachytherapy uses little pieces of materials that give off radiation to treat cancer from the inside out. We will explore what radiation is, what it means when something is radioactive, and why radiation can be used for cancer treatment. We will discuss different types of brachytherapy, because sometimes doctors use small, implanted capsules and sometimes they use a special robot. Toward the end of the article, we will see how this treatment can be used for different kinds of cancers.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"125 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1254286
Kat Cantner, G. Soreghan, Lily S. Pfeifer, K. Benison, Amy Myrbo
If you could time travel to the central U.S. 300 million years ago, you would find yourself at the equator of the supercontinent Pangea. At first you might enjoy a warm climate, surrounded by seas filled with life. But, after some millions of years, the seas would vanish as the climate turned increasingly hot, dry, and hostile. Billowing dust would engulf you, and nearly all life on Earth would vanish in an event called the Great Dying. How do we know? Geoscientists reconstruct past landscapes and climates by drilling into ancient sediments—tiny grains of sand and silt. These tiny particles tell us how fast the mountains rose and which way the wind blew. Microscopic fossils reveal water and air temperatures. And miniature bubbles trapped in salt preserve actual fossil water, from nearly 300 million years ago. Travel back in time with us to explore the Great Dying.
{"title":"A Time Machine to Pangea’s Climate Past","authors":"Kat Cantner, G. Soreghan, Lily S. Pfeifer, K. Benison, Amy Myrbo","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1254286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1254286","url":null,"abstract":"If you could time travel to the central U.S. 300 million years ago, you would find yourself at the equator of the supercontinent Pangea. At first you might enjoy a warm climate, surrounded by seas filled with life. But, after some millions of years, the seas would vanish as the climate turned increasingly hot, dry, and hostile. Billowing dust would engulf you, and nearly all life on Earth would vanish in an event called the Great Dying. How do we know? Geoscientists reconstruct past landscapes and climates by drilling into ancient sediments—tiny grains of sand and silt. These tiny particles tell us how fast the mountains rose and which way the wind blew. Microscopic fossils reveal water and air temperatures. And miniature bubbles trapped in salt preserve actual fossil water, from nearly 300 million years ago. Travel back in time with us to explore the Great Dying.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1341887
Lois Liow, David Howard
Many animals, such as elephants and octopuses, can change the stiffness of their limbs and trunks. This allows them to move around their environments as well as grab things and move them around. We would love our soft robots to be able to do the same! We can do this using a technique called jamming, in which the materials in the trunk are packed together to change its stiffness. Jamming has been used in all sorts of soft robots, like robotic hands for gently picking up fruits and vegetables, exoskeleton suits, and surgical instruments. In this article, we will talk about the three main types of jamming that are used in soft robotics, and show how they can be used in real life. And guess what? At the end of the article, we will describe the use of jamming to build a robotic elephant trunk that can change its stiffness, just like a real elephant’s trunk!
{"title":"Jellyphant: A Soft, Elephant Trunk-Inspired Robotic Arm That Can Grab Objects","authors":"Lois Liow, David Howard","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1341887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1341887","url":null,"abstract":"Many animals, such as elephants and octopuses, can change the stiffness of their limbs and trunks. This allows them to move around their environments as well as grab things and move them around. We would love our soft robots to be able to do the same! We can do this using a technique called jamming, in which the materials in the trunk are packed together to change its stiffness. Jamming has been used in all sorts of soft robots, like robotic hands for gently picking up fruits and vegetables, exoskeleton suits, and surgical instruments. In this article, we will talk about the three main types of jamming that are used in soft robotics, and show how they can be used in real life. And guess what? At the end of the article, we will describe the use of jamming to build a robotic elephant trunk that can change its stiffness, just like a real elephant’s trunk!","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1337514
Alejandro Sánchez-Amaro, Dustin Eirdosh, Daniel Haun
Psychologists want to understand how the human mind is extraordinary among animal minds and where the unique aspects of human minds and behaviors come from. To build scientific understanding of human minds, we must study the wide range of humans across cultures, to know what all humans have in common and which aspects of human minds are diverse. However, this is not enough—studying humans across cultures tells us how humans think and act, not how they are unique among animals. To understand how humans are similar and different from other animals, we must study other animals too, especially our close primate relatives, the great apes, who have minds that are similar to ours in many, but not all, ways. So, to understand human minds and behaviors, researchers should study humans and non-humans at a scale that allows us to explore the origins of the similarities and differences of minds and behaviors across our world today.
{"title":"Studying Great Apes and Cultural Diversity To Understand the Human Mind","authors":"Alejandro Sánchez-Amaro, Dustin Eirdosh, Daniel Haun","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1337514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1337514","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists want to understand how the human mind is extraordinary among animal minds and where the unique aspects of human minds and behaviors come from. To build scientific understanding of human minds, we must study the wide range of humans across cultures, to know what all humans have in common and which aspects of human minds are diverse. However, this is not enough—studying humans across cultures tells us how humans think and act, not how they are unique among animals. To understand how humans are similar and different from other animals, we must study other animals too, especially our close primate relatives, the great apes, who have minds that are similar to ours in many, but not all, ways. So, to understand human minds and behaviors, researchers should study humans and non-humans at a scale that allows us to explore the origins of the similarities and differences of minds and behaviors across our world today.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":" 485","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1352052
James Piercy, Charlotte Lindsay, Ross Davenport
Serious bleeding, known as major hemorrhage, is the most common cause of death in people with serious injuries. People with major hemorrhage often have a lower amount of an important protein called fibrinogen in their blood, which makes it more difficult to stop the bleeding. In a big randomized controlled trial called CRYOSTAT 2, we looked at whether giving people extra fibrinogen soon after their injury helped stop bleeding and increased the number of people who survived. We were surprised to find that fibrinogen did not help as much as we expected, and that it may even make some people more likely to die. In this article, we talk about the CRYOSTAT-2 experiment and how it shows we cannot treat all bleeding patients in the same way.
{"title":"Can We Help Stop Bleeding in Badly Injured People","authors":"James Piercy, Charlotte Lindsay, Ross Davenport","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1352052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1352052","url":null,"abstract":"Serious bleeding, known as major hemorrhage, is the most common cause of death in people with serious injuries. People with major hemorrhage often have a lower amount of an important protein called fibrinogen in their blood, which makes it more difficult to stop the bleeding. In a big randomized controlled trial called CRYOSTAT 2, we looked at whether giving people extra fibrinogen soon after their injury helped stop bleeding and increased the number of people who survived. We were surprised to find that fibrinogen did not help as much as we expected, and that it may even make some people more likely to die. In this article, we talk about the CRYOSTAT-2 experiment and how it shows we cannot treat all bleeding patients in the same way.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"27 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1356018
Stephanie R. Partridge, M. Mandoh, Sara Wardak, A. Todd, R. Raeside
Youth advisory groups (YAGs) are super teams of young people who help scientists understand what is important to people their age. In our study, we wanted to find out how being involved in a YAG benefits young people and improves scientific research. We found that when young people joined a YAG for 1 year, they gained leadership and problem-solving skills. They told us that being in a YAG made them feel their voices were heard and included. They got to share their ideas, influence decision making, and make a difference in scientific research. But it was not always easy. We learned that YAGs face challenges, like not having enough time and difficulty meeting face-to-face. Yet, with some flexibility and supportive scientists, YAGs can succeed. We learned that a small group of thoughtful and committed young people can make a big difference and help make health research better.
{"title":"The Power of Engaging Young People in Research","authors":"Stephanie R. Partridge, M. Mandoh, Sara Wardak, A. Todd, R. Raeside","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1356018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1356018","url":null,"abstract":"Youth advisory groups (YAGs) are super teams of young people who help scientists understand what is important to people their age. In our study, we wanted to find out how being involved in a YAG benefits young people and improves scientific research. We found that when young people joined a YAG for 1 year, they gained leadership and problem-solving skills. They told us that being in a YAG made them feel their voices were heard and included. They got to share their ideas, influence decision making, and make a difference in scientific research. But it was not always easy. We learned that YAGs face challenges, like not having enough time and difficulty meeting face-to-face. Yet, with some flexibility and supportive scientists, YAGs can succeed. We learned that a small group of thoughtful and committed young people can make a big difference and help make health research better.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.3389/frym.2024.1378858
M. Giuliani, A. Castelletti
Sometimes, when scientists try to help people, they can end up with a surprise ending in which things do not work out as expected. Their “help” might even accidentally make the situation worse for some people. We wanted to know if this could be true for a strategy to slow down climate change: charging countries a fee when they cut down forests to create farmland. We used computers to predict what might happen if countries were charged different fees, to keep things fair. Specifically, countries with less money would only have to pay low (or no) fees, while rich countries would pay higher fees. However, our computer model showed that this plan could have unexpected negative consequences for water availability in some places that pay low fees, like certain regions in Africa. This tells us that, as we fight climate change, we must keep our eyes open for unintended consequences that could result from our attempts to help the planet.
{"title":"Exploring the Climate Puzzle: A Surprising Twist in Fighting Climate Change","authors":"M. Giuliani, A. Castelletti","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1378858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1378858","url":null,"abstract":"Sometimes, when scientists try to help people, they can end up with a surprise ending in which things do not work out as expected. Their “help” might even accidentally make the situation worse for some people. We wanted to know if this could be true for a strategy to slow down climate change: charging countries a fee when they cut down forests to create farmland. We used computers to predict what might happen if countries were charged different fees, to keep things fair. Specifically, countries with less money would only have to pay low (or no) fees, while rich countries would pay higher fees. However, our computer model showed that this plan could have unexpected negative consequences for water availability in some places that pay low fees, like certain regions in Africa. This tells us that, as we fight climate change, we must keep our eyes open for unintended consequences that could result from our attempts to help the planet.","PeriodicalId":503754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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