Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023ebt0005
Ryota Kobayashi, Takanori Hara, Y. Yuda, K. Higuchi
SUMMARY This paper extends our previously reported non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based highly-efficient and low-latency hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) method for ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) to the case with inter-base station cooperation. In the proposed method, delay-sensitive URLLC packets are preferentially multiplexed with best-effort enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) packets in the same channel using superposition coding to reduce the transmission latency of the URLLC packet while alleviating the throughput loss in eMBB. Although data transmission to the URLLC terminal is conducted by multiple base stations based on inter-base station cooperation, the proposed method allocates radio resources to URLLC terminals which include scheduling (bandwidth allocation) and power allocation at each base station independently to achieve the short transmission latency required for URLLC. To avoid excessive radio resource assignment to URLLC terminals due to independent resource assignment at each base station, which may result in throughput degradation in eMBB terminals, we employ an adaptive path-loss-dependent weighting approach in the scheduling-metric calculation. This achieves appropriate radio resource assignment to URLLC terminals while reducing the packet error rate (PER) and transmission delay time thanks to the inter-base station cooperation. We show that the proposed method significantly improves the overall performance of the system that provides simultaneous eMBB and URLLC services.
本文将基于非正交多址(NOMA)的高效低延迟混合自动重复请求(HARQ)方法扩展到超可靠低延迟通信(URLLC)的基站间合作情况。该方法将时延敏感的URLLC报文与同一信道的eMBB (best-effort enhanced mobile broadband)报文通过叠加编码优先复用，以降低URLLC报文的传输时延，同时减轻eMBB的吞吐量损失。虽然URLLC终端的数据传输是由多个基站基于基站间协作进行的，但该方法将无线资源独立分配给URLLC终端，包括各基站的调度(带宽分配)和功率分配，以实现URLLC所需的短传输延迟。为了避免由于每个基站的独立资源分配而导致URLLC终端的无线电资源分配过多，这可能导致eMBB终端的吞吐量下降，我们在调度度量计算中采用了自适应路径损耗相关加权方法。通过基站间的协作，实现了对URLLC终端的合理无线电资源分配，同时降低了包错误率和传输延迟时间。结果表明，该方法显著提高了同时提供eMBB和URLLC服务的系统的整体性能。
{"title":"NOMA-Based Highly-Efficient Low-Latency HARQ with Inter-Base Station Cooperation for URLLC","authors":"Ryota Kobayashi, Takanori Hara, Y. Yuda, K. Higuchi","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023ebt0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023ebt0005","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This paper extends our previously reported non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based highly-efficient and low-latency hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) method for ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) to the case with inter-base station cooperation. In the proposed method, delay-sensitive URLLC packets are preferentially multiplexed with best-effort enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) packets in the same channel using superposition coding to reduce the transmission latency of the URLLC packet while alleviating the throughput loss in eMBB. Although data transmission to the URLLC terminal is conducted by multiple base stations based on inter-base station cooperation, the proposed method allocates radio resources to URLLC terminals which include scheduling (bandwidth allocation) and power allocation at each base station independently to achieve the short transmission latency required for URLLC. To avoid excessive radio resource assignment to URLLC terminals due to independent resource assignment at each base station, which may result in throughput degradation in eMBB terminals, we employ an adaptive path-loss-dependent weighting approach in the scheduling-metric calculation. This achieves appropriate radio resource assignment to URLLC terminals while reducing the packet error rate (PER) and transmission delay time thanks to the inter-base station cooperation. We show that the proposed method significantly improves the overall performance of the system that provides simultaneous eMBB and URLLC services.","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67305071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022fgi0002
Y. Ogawa, Shuto Tadokoro, Satoshi Suyama, M. Iwabuchi, T. Nishimura, Takanori Sato, J. Hagiwara, T. Ohgane
SUMMARY Technology for sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication system is now being widely studied. A sub-Terahertz band is expected to play a great role in 6G to enable extremely high data-rate transmission. This paper has two goals. (1) Introduction of 6G concept and propagation characteristics of sub-Terahertz-band radio waves. (2) Performance evaluation of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) based on beamforming in a sub-Terahertz band for smart radio environments (SREs). We briefly review research on SREs with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), and describe requirements and key features of 6G with a sub-Terahertz band. After that, we explain propagation characteristics of sub-Terahertz band radio waves. Important feature is that the number of multipath components is small in a sub-Terahertz band in indoor office environments. This leads to an IRS control method based on beamforming because the number of radio waves out of the optimum beam is very small and power that is not used for transmission from the IRS to user equipment (UE) is little in the environments. We use beams generated by a Butler matrix or a DFT matrix. In simulations, we compare the received power at a UE with that of the upper bound value. Simulation results show that the proposed method reveals good performance in the sense that the received power is not so lower than the upper bound value.
{"title":"Smart Radio Environments with Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for 6G Sub-Terahertz-Band Communications","authors":"Y. Ogawa, Shuto Tadokoro, Satoshi Suyama, M. Iwabuchi, T. Nishimura, Takanori Sato, J. Hagiwara, T. Ohgane","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022fgi0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022fgi0002","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Technology for sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication system is now being widely studied. A sub-Terahertz band is expected to play a great role in 6G to enable extremely high data-rate transmission. This paper has two goals. (1) Introduction of 6G concept and propagation characteristics of sub-Terahertz-band radio waves. (2) Performance evaluation of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) based on beamforming in a sub-Terahertz band for smart radio environments (SREs). We briefly review research on SREs with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), and describe requirements and key features of 6G with a sub-Terahertz band. After that, we explain propagation characteristics of sub-Terahertz band radio waves. Important feature is that the number of multipath components is small in a sub-Terahertz band in indoor office environments. This leads to an IRS control method based on beamforming because the number of radio waves out of the optimum beam is very small and power that is not used for transmission from the IRS to user equipment (UE) is little in the environments. We use beams generated by a Butler matrix or a DFT matrix. In simulations, we compare the received power at a UE with that of the upper bound value. Simulation results show that the proposed method reveals good performance in the sense that the received power is not so lower than the upper bound value.","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67303984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3190
Quang Quan Phung, T. Nguyen, N. Michishita, Hiroshi Sato, Y. Koyanagi, H. Morishita
{"title":"Decoupling Method for Four Closely Spaced Planar Inverted-F Antennas Using Parasitic Elements and Bridge Lines","authors":"Quang Quan Phung, T. Nguyen, N. Michishita, Hiroshi Sato, Y. Koyanagi, H. Morishita","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67304357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3002
Makoto Hara, Jianqing Wang, F. Leferink
{"title":"Numerical Derivation of Design Guidelines for Tightness and Shaking Amplitude of Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chamber by Method of Moment","authors":"Makoto Hara, Jianqing Wang, F. Leferink","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67304732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3007
Tekkan Okuda, Hiraku Okada, C. B. Naila, M. Katayama
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of 920 MHz Band Air-to-Ground Radio Wave Propagation in Mountainous Areas","authors":"Tekkan Okuda, Hiraku Okada, C. B. Naila, M. Katayama","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67304865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3010
Akio Kawabata, Takuya Tojo, Bijoy Chand Chatterjee, E. Oki
SUMMARY Mission-criticalmonitoringservices, suchasfindingcrim-inals with a monitoring camera, require rapid detection of newly updated data, where suppressing delay is desirable. Taking this direction, this paper proposes a network design scheme to minimize this delay for monitoring services that consist of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices located at terminal endpoints (TEs), databases (DB), and applications (APLs). The proposed scheme determines the allocation of DB and APLs and the selection of the server to which TE belongs. DB and APL are allocated on an optimal server from multiple servers in the network. We formulate the proposed network design scheme as an integer linear programming problem. The delay reduction effect of the proposed scheme is evaluated under two network topologies and a monitoring camera system network. In the two network topologies, the delays of the proposed scheme are 78 and 80 percent, compared to that of the conventional scheme. In the monitoring camera system network, the delay of the proposed scheme is 77 percent compared to that of the conventional scheme. These results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces the delay compared to the conventional scheme where APLs are located near TEs. The computation time of the proposed scheme is acceptable for the design phase before the service is launched. The proposed scheme can contribute to a network design that detects newly added objects quickly in the monitoring services.
{"title":"A Network Design Scheme in Delay Sensitive Monitoring Services","authors":"Akio Kawabata, Takuya Tojo, Bijoy Chand Chatterjee, E. Oki","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3010","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Mission-criticalmonitoringservices, suchasfindingcrim-inals with a monitoring camera, require rapid detection of newly updated data, where suppressing delay is desirable. Taking this direction, this paper proposes a network design scheme to minimize this delay for monitoring services that consist of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices located at terminal endpoints (TEs), databases (DB), and applications (APLs). The proposed scheme determines the allocation of DB and APLs and the selection of the server to which TE belongs. DB and APL are allocated on an optimal server from multiple servers in the network. We formulate the proposed network design scheme as an integer linear programming problem. The delay reduction effect of the proposed scheme is evaluated under two network topologies and a monitoring camera system network. In the two network topologies, the delays of the proposed scheme are 78 and 80 percent, compared to that of the conventional scheme. In the monitoring camera system network, the delay of the proposed scheme is 77 percent compared to that of the conventional scheme. These results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces the delay compared to the conventional scheme where APLs are located near TEs. The computation time of the proposed scheme is acceptable for the design phase before the service is launched. The proposed scheme can contribute to a network design that detects newly added objects quickly in the monitoring services.","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67304941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3068
Kyo Inoue, Daichi Terazawa
{"title":"Robustness of intensity-modulation/direct-detection secret key distribution against spontaneous Raman scattering in wavelength-multiplexed systems with existing optical transmission signals","authors":"Kyo Inoue, Daichi Terazawa","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67305057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3166
Yuyuan Chang, K. Fukawa
{"title":"Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes for Mobile Communications","authors":"Yuyuan Chang, K. Fukawa","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50385,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67303799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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