Beyond the advances made in computer-assisted interventions and robotic systems, the demand for more efficient and safer therapies remains challenging. Thus, if it is possible to improve the instrument tracking, steering, and target localization, to miniaturize the sensors and actuators, and to conduct preoperatively planned minimally invasive therapies, we still need new resources to achieve permanent destruction of abnormal tissues or suppression of pathological processes. Most of the physics-based (or energy-based) therapeutic principles at our disposal have been established a long time ago, but their actions on basic cellular and molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. They all have a wide spectrum of clinical targets in terms of organs and pathologies, modes of application (external, interstitial, intraluminal, etc.) with advantages and side-effect drawbacks, proven indications, and contraindications. Some of them may still face controversies regarding their outcomes. This short article, mainly focused on tumor destruction, briefly reviews in its first part some of these techniques and sketches the next generation under investigation. The former include radio frequency (RF), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HiFU), microwaves, and cryotherapy, of which all are temperature based. Laser-based approaches [e.g., photodynamic therapy (PDT) at large] are also discussed. Radiotherapy and its variants (hadrontherapy, brachytherapy, Gamma Knife, and CyberKnife) remain, of course, as the reference technique in cancer treatment. The next breakthroughs are examined in the second part of the article. They are based on the close association between imaging agents, drugs, and some stimulation techniques. The ongoing research efforts in that direction show that, if they are still far from clinical applications, strong expectations are made. From the point of view of interventional planning and image guidance, all of them share a lot of concerns.
{"title":"Image-guided therapy: evolution and breakthrough.","authors":"Pascal Haigron, Jean-Louis Dillenseger, Limin Luo, Jean-Louis Coatrieux","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond the advances made in computer-assisted interventions and robotic systems, the demand for more efficient and safer therapies remains challenging. Thus, if it is possible to improve the instrument tracking, steering, and target localization, to miniaturize the sensors and actuators, and to conduct preoperatively planned minimally invasive therapies, we still need new resources to achieve permanent destruction of abnormal tissues or suppression of pathological processes. Most of the physics-based (or energy-based) therapeutic principles at our disposal have been established a long time ago, but their actions on basic cellular and molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. They all have a wide spectrum of clinical targets in terms of organs and pathologies, modes of application (external, interstitial, intraluminal, etc.) with advantages and side-effect drawbacks, proven indications, and contraindications. Some of them may still face controversies regarding their outcomes. This short article, mainly focused on tumor destruction, briefly reviews in its first part some of these techniques and sketches the next generation under investigation. The former include radio frequency (RF), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HiFU), microwaves, and cryotherapy, of which all are temperature based. Laser-based approaches [e.g., photodynamic therapy (PDT) at large] are also discussed. Radiotherapy and its variants (hadrontherapy, brachytherapy, Gamma Knife, and CyberKnife) remain, of course, as the reference technique in cancer treatment. The next breakthroughs are examined in the second part of the article. They are based on the close association between imaging agents, drugs, and some stimulation techniques. The ongoing research efforts in that direction show that, if they are still far from clinical applications, strong expectations are made. From the point of view of interventional planning and image guidance, all of them share a lot of concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"29 1","pages":"100-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28731694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.935473
B. He
New Year greetings! As we are entering into 2010, I would like to report our Society's activities in each portfolio. In September 2009, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) Administrative Committee (AdCom) elected new members of the Executive Committee (ExCom). Zhi-Pei Liang was elected as president elect (2010), Nigel Lovell as vice president (VP) conferences (2010--2011), and Gudrun Zahlmann as VP members and Student Activities (2010--2011).
{"title":"Conferences, publications, and membership activities [President's Message]","authors":"B. He","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935473","url":null,"abstract":"New Year greetings! As we are entering into 2010, I would like to report our Society's activities in each portfolio. In September 2009, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) Administrative Committee (AdCom) elected new members of the Executive Committee (ExCom). Zhi-Pei Liang was elected as president elect (2010), Nigel Lovell as vice president (VP) conferences (2010--2011), and Gudrun Zahlmann as VP members and Student Activities (2010--2011).","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"29 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.935471
Mario Siervo, Susan A Jebb
The science of body composition is based on a series of models characterized by progressive levels of anatomical complexity: atomic, molecular, cellular, functional tissue, and whole body. The physiological characterization of the different components included in each model is based on a range of specific methods that exploit basic notions of physiology, statistics, and physics. The theoretical principles need to be fully understood to explain the potential of each method in research and clinical practice.
{"title":"Body composition assessment: theory into practice: introduction of multicompartment models.","authors":"Mario Siervo, Susan A Jebb","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The science of body composition is based on a series of models characterized by progressive levels of anatomical complexity: atomic, molecular, cellular, functional tissue, and whole body. The physiological characterization of the different components included in each model is based on a range of specific methods that exploit basic notions of physiology, statistics, and physics. The theoretical principles need to be fully understood to explain the potential of each method in research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"29 1","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28731219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-13DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934910
K. Yong
This book is complementary to other nanotechnology books that appear to have similar topics in interdisciplinary research involving nanoparticles and biological applications. Each chapter in this book is written by internationally known experts, with extensive experiences in nanoparticles and their interactions with biological systems. Most of the topics in the text emphasize the theory and findings that may require knowledge in chemistry, physics, and biology at a graduate level. This reviewer therefore recommends this book for graduate courses in biomaterials and bioimaging or as a reference text.
{"title":"Inorganic Nanoprobes for Biological Sensing and Imaging (Mattoussi, H. et al; 2009) [Book review]","authors":"K. Yong","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.934910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934910","url":null,"abstract":"This book is complementary to other nanotechnology books that appear to have similar topics in interdisciplinary research involving nanoparticles and biological applications. Each chapter in this book is written by internationally known experts, with extensive experiences in nanoparticles and their interactions with biological systems. Most of the topics in the text emphasize the theory and findings that may require knowledge in chemistry, physics, and biology at a graduate level. This reviewer therefore recommends this book for graduate courses in biomaterials and bioimaging or as a reference text.","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":"109-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-13DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934913
M. Neuman
Abbreviations are a wonderful invention. They help us to say a lot in a very little space. This was very important in the early development of wireless communication, where Morse code was the radio operator's character set. Long words and phrases required relatively long periods of time to be transmitted using this rather slow, narrow bandwidth communications method. To try to correct this problem, radio operators devised and borrowed from telegraph operators standard abbreviations such as the Q code to represent common phrases. For example, QTH referred to the radio operator's location, QRM was radio interference, and QSL meant please acknowledge receipt of this message.
{"title":"A brief discussion of abbreviations [From the Editor]","authors":"M. Neuman","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.934913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934913","url":null,"abstract":"Abbreviations are a wonderful invention. They help us to say a lot in a very little space. This was very important in the early development of wireless communication, where Morse code was the radio operator's character set. Long words and phrases required relatively long periods of time to be transmitted using this rather slow, narrow bandwidth communications method. To try to correct this problem, radio operators devised and borrowed from telegraph operators standard abbreviations such as the Q code to represent common phrases. For example, QTH referred to the radio operator's location, QRM was radio interference, and QSL meant please acknowledge receipt of this message.","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-13DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934918
C. Linte
One of the benefits of promoting the formation of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology (EMBS) student associations around the world is to allow university trainees to engage with the global biomedical community at a local, national, and international scale. As part of our continuous efforts toward promoting student activities within EMBS, this column reflects on the experience of a successful EMBS Student Club from Europe [the IEEE EMBS United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (UKRI) Student Club] in hosting the fifth edition of a conference organized by students for students: the Postgraduate Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics (PGBIOMED).
{"title":"Student activities around the world: IEEE EMBS UKRI student club features PGBIOMED 2009","authors":"C. Linte","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.934918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934918","url":null,"abstract":"One of the benefits of promoting the formation of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology (EMBS) student associations around the world is to allow university trainees to engage with the global biomedical community at a local, national, and international scale. As part of our continuous efforts toward promoting student activities within EMBS, this column reflects on the experience of a successful EMBS Student Club from Europe [the IEEE EMBS United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (UKRI) Student Club] in hosting the fifth edition of a conference organized by students for students: the Postgraduate Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics (PGBIOMED).","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-13DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934914
L. Lazareck
I came across an e-newsletter from the British Museum last week advertising free delivery when you spend more than £100 on British Museum sculptures and replicas. Inasmuch as my small flat in London could use a bust replica of an Egyptian noble woman or a Rosetta Stone coffee mug, it was the ending of the newsletter that caught my eye in particular. To help others find this newsletter, the British Museum has conveniently provided links to ten networking Web sites (some of which I have never heard of): Digg It!, Del.ico.us, Newsvine, Reddit, StumbleUpon, Facebook, Google, Twitter, Myspace, LinkedIn. The British Museum is e-savvy. I started to think about the IEEE and the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), and I thought I would share some of our own proud e-achievements and current endeavors that we have come a long way over the past several years.
{"title":"Online visibility: EMBS gets e-savvy [Student Activities]","authors":"L. Lazareck","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.934914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934914","url":null,"abstract":"I came across an e-newsletter from the British Museum last week advertising free delivery when you spend more than £100 on British Museum sculptures and replicas. Inasmuch as my small flat in London could use a bust replica of an Egyptian noble woman or a Rosetta Stone coffee mug, it was the ending of the newsletter that caught my eye in particular. To help others find this newsletter, the British Museum has conveniently provided links to ten networking Web sites (some of which I have never heard of): Digg It!, Del.ico.us, Newsvine, Reddit, StumbleUpon, Facebook, Google, Twitter, Myspace, LinkedIn. The British Museum is e-savvy. I started to think about the IEEE and the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), and I thought I would share some of our own proud e-achievements and current endeavors that we have come a long way over the past several years.","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934620
Eleonora Tobaldini, Nicola Montano, Shun-Guang Wei, Zhi-Hua Zhang, Joseph Francis, Robert M Weiss, Karina R Casali, Robert B Felder, Alberto Porta
We validated a symbolic approach to assess autonomic modulation from pulse interval (PI) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) series obtained from an animal model of chronic heart failure (CHF). We studied three groups of rats: controls; CHF animals; CHF animals treated with spironolactone (CHF-SP), reducing sympathetic activity in CHF. Simulations confirmed that symbolic analysis captures modifications of cardiovascular regulation in the case of fast dynamics and negligible variance. While spectral indexes did not reveal any significant difference among groups, symbolic analysis pointed out that sympathetic modulation is reduced in CHF group and restored to basal values in CHF-SP one.
{"title":"Autonomic cardiovascular modulation.","authors":"Eleonora Tobaldini, Nicola Montano, Shun-Guang Wei, Zhi-Hua Zhang, Joseph Francis, Robert M Weiss, Karina R Casali, Robert B Felder, Alberto Porta","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.934620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We validated a symbolic approach to assess autonomic modulation from pulse interval (PI) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) series obtained from an animal model of chronic heart failure (CHF). We studied three groups of rats: controls; CHF animals; CHF animals treated with spironolactone (CHF-SP), reducing sympathetic activity in CHF. Simulations confirmed that symbolic analysis captures modifications of cardiovascular regulation in the case of fast dynamics and negligible variance. While spectral indexes did not reveal any significant difference among groups, symbolic analysis pointed out that sympathetic modulation is reduced in CHF group and restored to basal values in CHF-SP one.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"28 6","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28509549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934912
H. Liu
This book is intended to describe natural and engineered nanodevices from the broad perspectives of mathematical modeling, fabrication, function, and application. This text is written by more than 40 authors with a wide range of expertise. The authors assume that the readers are familiar with basic concepts and terminologies of mathematics, engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. The book is organized across several disciplines, and the chapters are written at a level that this reviewer would suggest as a reference text for graduate students, researchers, and scientists who are interested in nanodevices and their applications in life science. The book is overly broad and too intense for most undergraduates.
{"title":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences, Vol. 4: Nanodevices for the Life Sciences (Kumar, C.S.S.R.; 2006) [Book review]","authors":"H. Liu","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.934912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934912","url":null,"abstract":"This book is intended to describe natural and engineered nanodevices from the broad perspectives of mathematical modeling, fabrication, function, and application. This text is written by more than 40 authors with a wide range of expertise. The authors assume that the readers are familiar with basic concepts and terminologies of mathematics, engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. The book is organized across several disciplines, and the chapters are written at a level that this reviewer would suggest as a reference text for graduate students, researchers, and scientists who are interested in nanodevices and their applications in life science. The book is overly broad and too intense for most undergraduates.","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":"110-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934916
B. He
The year 2009 has been a productive year for the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS). We have accomplished a great deal in enhancing the quality of conferences and publications, owing to the tremendous efforts from our volunteers and staff. I take great pride in recognizing the achievements of our members. Across the globe, we are fortunate to have innumerable examples of significant progress. It is my pleasure to report to you the past year's highlights.
{"title":"Highlights [President's Message]","authors":"B. He","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.934916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934916","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2009 has been a productive year for the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS). We have accomplished a great deal in enhancing the quality of conferences and publications, owing to the tremendous efforts from our volunteers and staff. I take great pride in recognizing the achievements of our members. Across the globe, we are fortunate to have innumerable examples of significant progress. It is my pleasure to report to you the past year's highlights.","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":"5335703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.934916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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