‘Global Britain’ is as much a governing instinct as it is a statement of current policy: an idea that animates the United Kingdom's international relations. And for nine decades the BBC World Service, Britain's principal agent of public diplomacy, has been its exemplar. With a reputation as a trusted source of reliable news in over forty languages, the international BBC sustains a global capacity for intercultural dialogue founded on evidence‐based journalism. At a time when digital media are rewriting the strategic communications playbook and reorganising our knowledge practices and behaviours, the BBC maintains a vital link between Britain and a transnational community of close to half a billion users. Yet, despite these evident strengths, recent confusion over the organisation and funding of the World Service means that its long‐term future is in doubt. This article asks how and why it has come to this and what might be done to preserve the journalistic integrity and ‘soft power’ of the BBC World Service.
全球英国 "既是一种执政本能，也是对当前政策的表述：它是英国国际关系的一种理念。九十年来，作为英国公共外交的主要机构，BBC 全球服务一直是这一理念的典范。作为以四十多种语言提供可靠新闻的可靠来源，BBC 在国际上享有盛誉，它以循证新闻为基础，维持着全球跨文化对话的能力。当数字媒体正在改写战略传播手册、重组我们的知识实践和行为时，BBC 在英国和一个拥有近 5 亿用户的跨国社区之间保持着至关重要的联系。然而，尽管有这些显而易见的优势，最近在世界广播公司的组织和资金问题上出现的混乱却意味着它的长期前景堪忧。本文探讨了问题的来龙去脉和原因，以及如何才能保持 BBC 世界广播的新闻完整性和 "软实力"。
{"title":"The BBC World Service: is it Waving or Drowning?","authors":"Alban Webb","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13379","url":null,"abstract":"‘Global Britain’ is as much a governing instinct as it is a statement of current policy: an idea that animates the United Kingdom's international relations. And for nine decades the BBC World Service, Britain's principal agent of public diplomacy, has been its exemplar. With a reputation as a trusted source of reliable news in over forty languages, the international BBC sustains a global capacity for intercultural dialogue founded on evidence‐based journalism. At a time when digital media are rewriting the strategic communications playbook and reorganising our knowledge practices and behaviours, the BBC maintains a vital link between Britain and a transnational community of close to half a billion users. Yet, despite these evident strengths, recent confusion over the organisation and funding of the World Service means that its long‐term future is in doubt. This article asks how and why it has come to this and what might be done to preserve the journalistic integrity and ‘soft power’ of the BBC World Service.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As in other UK nations, public service broadcasting (PSB) is facing an uncertain future in Wales as a result of threats to funding from government and competition from streaming services and other content providers. Partly because of this, calls for the devolution of broadcasting powers have intensified over the past couple of years to the point where it is now an aim of the Welsh government to see such powers being transferred to Cardiff from Westminster. In a nation of two languages and two cultures, PSB has played, and continues to play, a crucial role in Welsh life—but for how long?
{"title":"A Battle for the Nation's Rights’? Past, Present and Future Public Service Media in Wales","authors":"Jamie Medhurst, Siân Nicholas","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13369","url":null,"abstract":"As in other UK nations, public service broadcasting (PSB) is facing an uncertain future in Wales as a result of threats to funding from government and competition from streaming services and other content providers. Partly because of this, calls for the devolution of broadcasting powers have intensified over the past couple of years to the point where it is now an aim of the Welsh government to see such powers being transferred to Cardiff from Westminster. In a nation of two languages and two cultures, PSB has played, and continues to play, a crucial role in Welsh life—but for how long?","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines China's efforts to establish global discourse control through investment in its own global media and establishing relationships with existing media in both Western liberal democracies and emerging economies.
{"title":"China's Media Warfare","authors":"Isabel Hilton","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13357","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines China's efforts to establish global discourse control through investment in its own global media and establishing relationships with existing media in both Western liberal democracies and emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The governance of the BBC has been a subject of political debate for the past two decades, which have brought two major upheavals in the corporation's governance structure. Yet, governance reform was not the best way to address the editorial and cultural crises that led to demands for change; and the current model is not adequate to protect licence fee payers’ interests and the BBC's independence, particularly in the context of continuing ideological assaults on public service broadcasting.
在过去的二十年里，英国广播公司的治理一直是政治辩论的主题，这二十年里，该公司的治理结构发生了两次大的动荡。然而，治理改革并不是解决编辑和文化危机的最佳途径，这些危机导致了变革的要求；而目前的模式也不足以保护许可费支付者的利益和 BBC 的独立性，尤其是在公共服务广播不断受到意识形态攻击的背景下。
{"title":"The Governance of the BBC","authors":"Diane Coyle","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13382","url":null,"abstract":"The governance of the BBC has been a subject of political debate for the past two decades, which have brought two major upheavals in the corporation's governance structure. Yet, governance reform was not the best way to address the editorial and cultural crises that led to demands for change; and the current model is not adequate to protect licence fee payers’ interests and the BBC's independence, particularly in the context of continuing ideological assaults on public service broadcasting.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article argues that BBC policy needs a change of emphasis. In the last two BBC Charter periods the emphasis has been on marketisation and market failure. The aim has been to harness market discipline to hold the BBC to account and ensure it does not chill investment. In an era of almost limitless choice, faltering democratic institutions, and new business models based on monetising data and attention, this approach is no longer appropriate. Whilst media users will always be able to choose not to consume BBC services, policy makers should accept that the BBC should be a permanent, privileged part of the communications landscape and enact reforms that reflect this. Policy should focus on overhauling and improving the ‘constitutional’ checks and balances of the BBC rather than accountability through the market. This requires new policies that actively facilitate new forms of accountability to citizens.
本文认为，英国广播公司的政策需要改变重点。在过去的两期英国广播公司宪章中，重点一直放在市场化和市场失灵上。其目的是利用市场纪律对 BBC 进行问责，确保其不会阻碍投资。在一个选择几乎无限、民主体制摇摇欲坠、新的商业模式以数据和注意力货币化为基础的时代，这种方法已不再合适。虽然媒体用户永远可以选择不使用 BBC 的服务，但政策制定者应该承认，BBC 应该是传播领域中一个永久的、享有特权的部分，并颁布反映这一点的改革措施。政策的重点应该是全面改革和完善 BBC 的 "宪法 "制衡机制，而不是通过市场问责。这就需要制定新的政策，积极推动对公民负责的新形式。
{"title":"Constitutionalising the BBC","authors":"Damian Tambini","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13366","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that BBC policy needs a change of emphasis. In the last two BBC Charter periods the emphasis has been on marketisation and market failure. The aim has been to harness market discipline to hold the BBC to account and ensure it does not chill investment. In an era of almost limitless choice, faltering democratic institutions, and new business models based on monetising data and attention, this approach is no longer appropriate. Whilst media users will always be able to choose not to consume BBC services, policy makers should accept that the BBC should be a permanent, privileged part of the communications landscape and enact reforms that reflect this. Policy should focus on overhauling and improving the ‘constitutional’ checks and balances of the BBC rather than accountability through the market. This requires new policies that actively facilitate new forms of accountability to citizens.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decline in local newspapers is leading to a local news ‘desert’, where there is little or no coverage of important local issues like policing, court cases and council politics. At present, the BBC attempts to fill some of the gap by paying for ‘local democracy reporters’ who work for private local media companies, but this creates tensions and is not a sustainable solution. This article argues that granting small local media organisations charitable status, as in the United States, would also be problematic. Instead, it advocates an independent ‘Local Press Council’.
{"title":"The Local Press and the BBC","authors":"Frances Cairncross","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13358","url":null,"abstract":"The decline in local newspapers is leading to a local news ‘desert’, where there is little or no coverage of important local issues like policing, court cases and council politics. At present, the BBC attempts to fill some of the gap by paying for ‘local democracy reporters’ who work for private local media companies, but this creates tensions and is not a sustainable solution. This article argues that granting small local media organisations charitable status, as in the United States, would also be problematic. Instead, it advocates an independent ‘Local Press Council’.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an overview of the current state of public service media (PSM) funding in Germany, which is primarily supported by a household levy, supplemented by advertising, sponsorship and so‐called ‘other income’. Germany is an interesting case owing to the complexities and challenges associated with funding PSM in a country with a federal structure. As such, insights into PSM funding in Germany and the debates surrounding it can benefit not only academics, but also policy makers, media professionals and others with an interest in PSM funding.
{"title":"Funding of Public Service Media in Germany","authors":"Annika Sehl","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13370","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the current state of public service media (PSM) funding in Germany, which is primarily supported by a household levy, supplemented by advertising, sponsorship and so‐called ‘other income’. Germany is an interesting case owing to the complexities and challenges associated with funding PSM in a country with a federal structure. As such, insights into PSM funding in Germany and the debates surrounding it can benefit not only academics, but also policy makers, media professionals and others with an interest in PSM funding.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Broadcasting in Northern Ireland reflects the abiding influence of conflict between the nationalist and unionist communities and the perception of Northern Ireland as a place somewhat apart. Decisions about broadcast content are made in an environment where each community expects to see itself and can be disturbed to find the other. But there are other communities, as well as many people, who do not think in binary terms. Broadcasting needs to respond to that and to the changing demography, with its more varied and nuanced views. BBCNI lacks both the governance and the resources to respond to this challenge. Key decisions are made in London, where the task ahead is not well understood and priorities can appear oriented towards a different audience.
{"title":"BBC Northern Ireland and the Public Service Challenge: Some Reflections","authors":"Bob Collins","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13378","url":null,"abstract":"Broadcasting in Northern Ireland reflects the abiding influence of conflict between the nationalist and unionist communities and the perception of Northern Ireland as a place somewhat apart. Decisions about broadcast content are made in an environment where each community expects to see itself and can be disturbed to find the other. But there are other communities, as well as many people, who do not think in binary terms. Broadcasting needs to respond to that and to the changing demography, with its more varied and nuanced views. BBCNI lacks both the governance and the resources to respond to this challenge. Key decisions are made in London, where the task ahead is not well understood and priorities can appear oriented towards a different audience.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PSBs across the world are facing financial, technological and political pressures, yet audiences still need and want the benefits of public service media. If they are to survive, PSBs need to produce an agile response to the changing patterns of media consumption and the claims that markets can provide. Whilst the big streamers have produced great global content, they are unable to cover the range of the PSBs in reflecting the diversity and variety of British life and culture, nor take the same risks in nurturing new talent across the sector. Politicians must use the forthcoming BBC Charter renewal in 2027 to address the revolution in audience behaviour and changes in technology to reshape the choices available to the British public and beyond. The creative industries are a powerhouse of talent and contribute to some of our best prospects for global reach and economic growth. We must ensure they have a healthy future.
{"title":"The Case for a Strong BBC. Cultural Sovereignty and Public Service Broadcasting in the Netflix Era","authors":"Mark Thompson","doi":"10.1111/1467-923x.13376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13376","url":null,"abstract":"PSBs across the world are facing financial, technological and political pressures, yet audiences still need and want the benefits of public service media. If they are to survive, PSBs need to produce an agile response to the changing patterns of media consumption and the claims that markets can provide. Whilst the big streamers have produced great global content, they are unable to cover the range of the PSBs in reflecting the diversity and variety of British life and culture, nor take the same risks in nurturing new talent across the sector. Politicians must use the forthcoming BBC Charter renewal in 2027 to address the revolution in audience behaviour and changes in technology to reshape the choices available to the British public and beyond. The creative industries are a powerhouse of talent and contribute to some of our best prospects for global reach and economic growth. We must ensure they have a healthy future.","PeriodicalId":504210,"journal":{"name":"The Political Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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