Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-188-203
Anna Anatoiyevna Tyagushcheva, Grigory Anatolievich Kupin, V. Aleshin
The work shows the results of the influence of the degree of maturity, storage parameters and processing method on the techno-chemical parameters of zucchini. Thus, during the organoleptic assessment of zucchini of different degrees of maturity, stored at a temperature of 8 to 10 ºC for 18 days, it was found that ELF EMF treatment allows maintaining organoleptic quality indicators. At the same time, the average expert assessment score for zucchini of the 1st degree of maturity treated with ELF EMF was the maximum. The maximum weight loss was observed in zucchini of the 1st degree of maturity, the minimum – in the 3rd degree of maturity. When storing zucchini, weight loss depends on the degree of maturity. The minimum weight loss of zucchini without treatment was noted at the 3rd degree of maturity, and the greatest – at the 1st degree of maturity. It has been established that when storing zucchini, ELF EMF treatment can reduce weight loss compared to the control sample for zucchini of the 1st and 2nd degrees of maturity. When studying changes in the biochemical parameters of zucchini depending on the degree of maturity, the method of processing samples and storage conditions, it was found that they decrease over time. During storage, ELF EMF treatment can reduce the loss of soluble solids by 0.2-0.5 %, and when stored in a refrigerator – by 0.2-0.3 %, depending on the degree of maturity. It has also been established that to assess the degree of maturity of zucchini, the iodine-starch method can be used, the essence of which lies in the ability of starch to give a blue-black color in an iodine solution: hydrolysis of starch during the ripening of zucchini proceeds in the direction from the center to the periphery of the seed chamber, which makes it possible to assess the degree of maturity zucchini fruits. Key words: ZUCCIHINI, DEGREE OF MATURITY, PROCESSING, ELF EMF, ORGANOLEPTIC ASSESSMENT, WEIGHR LOSS, BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, IODINE-STARCH METHOD
{"title":"STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF MATURITY, STORAGE PARAMETERS AND PROCESSING METHOD ON THE TECHNOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF ZUCCHINS","authors":"Anna Anatoiyevna Tyagushcheva, Grigory Anatolievich Kupin, V. Aleshin","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-188-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-188-203","url":null,"abstract":"The work shows the results of the influence of the degree of maturity, storage parameters and processing method on the techno-chemical parameters of zucchini. Thus, during the organoleptic assessment of zucchini of different degrees of maturity, stored at a temperature of 8 to 10 ºC for 18 days, it was found that ELF EMF treatment allows maintaining organoleptic quality indicators. At the same time, the average expert assessment score for zucchini of the 1st degree of maturity treated with ELF EMF was the maximum. The maximum weight loss was observed in zucchini of the 1st degree of maturity, the minimum – in the 3rd degree of maturity. When storing zucchini, weight loss depends on the degree of maturity. The minimum weight loss of zucchini without treatment was noted at the 3rd degree of maturity, and the greatest – at the 1st degree of maturity. It has been established that when storing zucchini, ELF EMF treatment can reduce weight loss compared to the control sample for zucchini of the 1st and 2nd degrees of maturity. When studying changes in the biochemical parameters of zucchini depending on the degree of maturity, the method of processing samples and storage conditions, it was found that they decrease over time. During storage, ELF EMF treatment can reduce the loss of soluble solids by 0.2-0.5 %, and when stored in a refrigerator – by 0.2-0.3 %, depending on the degree of maturity. It has also been established that to assess the degree of maturity of zucchini, the iodine-starch method can be used, the essence of which lies in the ability of starch to give a blue-black color in an iodine solution: hydrolysis of starch during the ripening of zucchini proceeds in the direction from the center to the periphery of the seed chamber, which makes it possible to assess the degree of maturity zucchini fruits. Key words: ZUCCIHINI, DEGREE OF MATURITY, PROCESSING, ELF EMF, ORGANOLEPTIC ASSESSMENT, WEIGHR LOSS, BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, IODINE-STARCH METHOD","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-84-102
E. Rybalko, N. Baranova, Alina Sergeevna Erkhova
Climate is one of the main factors determining the possibility of grape cultivating and influencing its growth and development. Climatic factors have a huge impact on obtaining high-quality products of grape processing. In the process of work, in order to create an informational database, the archival data on the content of sugars and titratable acids in grapes from the vineyards of Crimea were collected and systematized. According to the criteria necessary for this study, we have selected the information on 8 varieties from the Steppe zone for 11 years, 1 variety from the Piedmont zone for 3 years, and 4 varieties from the South Coast zone for 6 years. By collecting and nonlinear interpolating of long-term observations from Crimean weather stations using geoinformation and mathematical modeling methods, the values of agroclimatic factors were calculated for each selected vineyard on the dates of determining the quality indicators of grapes during their ripening at the location points of the vineyards. For this purpose, 10 agroclimatic indicators characterizing the heat supply were selected. Based on the research results, basic principles for creating an informational database of agroecological resources and quality composition of grapes were developed. Informational database can be further modified and extended with various agroclimatic indicators. Subsequently, the accumulated array of database information will be used to identify patterns reflecting the influence of agroecological conditions on the formation of grape quality parameters for various types of production, which will serve as a basis for establishing viticultural and winemaking terroirs. Key words: CLIMATIC FACTORS, ZONES OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA, HEAT SUPPLY INDICATORS, GEOINFORMATION MODELING, MASS CONCENTRATION OF SUGARS, MASS CONCENTRATION OF TITRATABLE ACIDS
{"title":"CREATION OF AN INFORMATIONAL DATABASE ON THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF GRAPES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF A COMPLEX OF AGROCLIMATIC PARAMETERS AND INDICES CHARACTERIZING THE HEAT SUPPLY OF THE TERRITORY AND USED TO IDENTIFY THE TERROIRS OF CRIMEA","authors":"E. Rybalko, N. Baranova, Alina Sergeevna Erkhova","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-84-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-84-102","url":null,"abstract":"Climate is one of the main factors determining the possibility of grape cultivating and influencing its growth and development. Climatic factors have a huge impact on obtaining high-quality products of grape processing. In the process of work, in order to create an informational database, the archival data on the content of sugars and titratable acids in grapes from the vineyards of Crimea were collected and systematized. According to the criteria necessary for this study, we have selected the information on 8 varieties from the Steppe zone for 11 years, 1 variety from the Piedmont zone for 3 years, and 4 varieties from the South Coast zone for 6 years. By collecting and nonlinear interpolating of long-term observations from Crimean weather stations using geoinformation and mathematical modeling methods, the values of agroclimatic factors were calculated for each selected vineyard on the dates of determining the quality indicators of grapes during their ripening at the location points of the vineyards. For this purpose, 10 agroclimatic indicators characterizing the heat supply were selected. Based on the research results, basic principles for creating an informational database of agroecological resources and quality composition of grapes were developed. Informational database can be further modified and extended with various agroclimatic indicators. Subsequently, the accumulated array of database information will be used to identify patterns reflecting the influence of agroecological conditions on the formation of grape quality parameters for various types of production, which will serve as a basis for establishing viticultural and winemaking terroirs. Key words: CLIMATIC FACTORS, ZONES OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA, HEAT SUPPLY INDICATORS, GEOINFORMATION MODELING, MASS CONCENTRATION OF SUGARS, MASS CONCENTRATION OF TITRATABLE ACIDS","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-103-114
Ekaterina Viktorovna Lopatkina, A. Rebrov
The article discusses techniques for improving the properties of a nutrient substrate used for planting healthy in vitro grape plants. The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of biotechnology ARRIV&W – branch of FSBSI FRARC on an interspecific hybrid Krasnostop Carpi. The purpuse of the study is to improve the ways of adapting healthy in vitro plants to non–sterile conditions. With microclonal reproduction of grapes, death most often occurs when transferring test tube plants to non-sterile conditions. The selection of the composition of the soil substrate and the improvement of its water-physical and biological properties helps to reduce the risk of plant death. In our studies, peat, garden soil and river sand (1:1:1) were used as part of the substrate, to which “Aquasin hydrogel” and “Trichoderma Veride” endomycorrhizal preparation containing mycelium and spores of Trichoderma viride fungi, strain 471, were added. The plants were planted in a 500 ml container, had been adapted to non-sterile conditions and had been grown for 90 days on racks of accelerated plant cultivation (RAPC). In the process, the indicators of the preservation of initial plants, their growth, development and spread of the root system were noted. As a result, it can be concluded that the combined use of hydrogel and mycorrhiza ensures the best survival and preservation of plants of the Krasnostop Carpi variety. The mycorrhizal preparation promotes better development of the leaf surface, and the addition of hydrogel ensures better development of the root system, which will provide plants with better survival in open ground conditions of the basic mother plantation. Key words: HEALTHY IN VITRO GRAPES, HYDROGEL, MYCORRHIZA, SUBSTRATE, ADAPTATION TO NON-STERILE CONDITIONS
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSPLANTING HEALTHY IN VITRO GRAPE PLANTS IN SOIL CULTURE CONDITIONS","authors":"Ekaterina Viktorovna Lopatkina, A. Rebrov","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-103-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-103-114","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses techniques for improving the properties of a nutrient substrate used for planting healthy in vitro grape plants. The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of biotechnology ARRIV&W – branch of FSBSI FRARC on an interspecific hybrid Krasnostop Carpi. The purpuse of the study is to improve the ways of adapting healthy in vitro plants to non–sterile conditions. With microclonal reproduction of grapes, death most often occurs when transferring test tube plants to non-sterile conditions. The selection of the composition of the soil substrate and the improvement of its water-physical and biological properties helps to reduce the risk of plant death. In our studies, peat, garden soil and river sand (1:1:1) were used as part of the substrate, to which “Aquasin hydrogel” and “Trichoderma Veride” endomycorrhizal preparation containing mycelium and spores of Trichoderma viride fungi, strain 471, were added. The plants were planted in a 500 ml container, had been adapted to non-sterile conditions and had been grown for 90 days on racks of accelerated plant cultivation (RAPC). In the process, the indicators of the preservation of initial plants, their growth, development and spread of the root system were noted. As a result, it can be concluded that the combined use of hydrogel and mycorrhiza ensures the best survival and preservation of plants of the Krasnostop Carpi variety. The mycorrhizal preparation promotes better development of the leaf surface, and the addition of hydrogel ensures better development of the root system, which will provide plants with better survival in open ground conditions of the basic mother plantation. Key words: HEALTHY IN VITRO GRAPES, HYDROGEL, MYCORRHIZA, SUBSTRATE, ADAPTATION TO NON-STERILE CONDITIONS","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-204-218
N. Ageyeva, A. Shirshova, Elena Ulyanovskaya, A. Khrapov, Evgenia Anatolyevna Chernutskaya
The quality of clarification of apple must from various varieties of apples of domestic and foreign breeding, different ripening periods, growing at the Research and Breeding Collection of Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops, located in the Central Joint Stock Company, Krasnodar, was studied. Sampling of apples was carried out at optimal ripeness from different sides of the tree crown in relation to the cardinal directions. Apple processing was carried out using a crusher-grinder, followed by pressing the pulp on a hydraulic press. The enzyme preparations SQzyme PCL, Grainzyme NL and Fructozyme R were used in the experiments. Apple must was clarified using bentonite (BENTOVIN), plant (pea) and animal (gelatin) protein. As a result of the studies, it was established that self-clarification of the must without the use of enzyme preparations was slow. Slow self-clarification with the formation of voluminous loose and mobile sediments was observed only in certain variants (Ekzotika, Orfey, Liberti, Renet Platona). The addition of enzyme preparations, especially SQzyme PCL, contributed to an increase in must yield by 12-17 % relative to the control. The most “responsive” to the use of enzyme preparations were apples of the varieties Dzhin, Ekzotica, Orfey, Margo, Prikubanskoe, Bagryanets Kubani, Liberti, Renet Platona, forms 12/1-20-16 and 12/1-20-33. With the addition of enzyme preparations in the pulp, the rate of must extraction increased. Gradual clarification was noted in the next 3-4 hours. The greatest increase in must yield was noted during the processing of apple varieties such as Enterprise, Margo, Ketni, Renet Platona – by 12-17 % compared to the control (without the use of enzyme preparations). The use of only one sorbent – bentonite, animal or vegetable protein – did not lead to high-quality clarification of the must at the given dosages. At the same time, complex processing made it possible to significantly improve the quality of clarification and reduce the turbidity of the must. The highest quality clarification of the must, regardless of the apple variety, was obtained by complex treatment of the pulp with enzyme preparations followed by dosing of proteins and bentonite. Key words: APPLE MUST, CLARIFICATION, ENZYME PREPARATIONS, BENTONITE, PROTEIN SORBENTS
{"title":"STUDYING OF CLARIFICATION PROCESS OF APPLE MUST USING VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL MEANS","authors":"N. Ageyeva, A. Shirshova, Elena Ulyanovskaya, A. Khrapov, Evgenia Anatolyevna Chernutskaya","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-204-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-204-218","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of clarification of apple must from various varieties of apples of domestic and foreign breeding, different ripening periods, growing at the Research and Breeding Collection of Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops, located in the Central Joint Stock Company, Krasnodar, was studied. Sampling of apples was carried out at optimal ripeness from different sides of the tree crown in relation to the cardinal directions. Apple processing was carried out using a crusher-grinder, followed by pressing the pulp on a hydraulic press. The enzyme preparations SQzyme PCL, Grainzyme NL and Fructozyme R were used in the experiments. Apple must was clarified using bentonite (BENTOVIN), plant (pea) and animal (gelatin) protein. As a result of the studies, it was established that self-clarification of the must without the use of enzyme preparations was slow. Slow self-clarification with the formation of voluminous loose and mobile sediments was observed only in certain variants (Ekzotika, Orfey, Liberti, Renet Platona). The addition of enzyme preparations, especially SQzyme PCL, contributed to an increase in must yield by 12-17 % relative to the control. The most “responsive” to the use of enzyme preparations were apples of the varieties Dzhin, Ekzotica, Orfey, Margo, Prikubanskoe, Bagryanets Kubani, Liberti, Renet Platona, forms 12/1-20-16 and 12/1-20-33. With the addition of enzyme preparations in the pulp, the rate of must extraction increased. Gradual clarification was noted in the next 3-4 hours. The greatest increase in must yield was noted during the processing of apple varieties such as Enterprise, Margo, Ketni, Renet Platona – by 12-17 % compared to the control (without the use of enzyme preparations). The use of only one sorbent – bentonite, animal or vegetable protein – did not lead to high-quality clarification of the must at the given dosages. At the same time, complex processing made it possible to significantly improve the quality of clarification and reduce the turbidity of the must. The highest quality clarification of the must, regardless of the apple variety, was obtained by complex treatment of the pulp with enzyme preparations followed by dosing of proteins and bentonite. Key words: APPLE MUST, CLARIFICATION, ENZYME PREPARATIONS, BENTONITE, PROTEIN SORBENTS","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-219-231
Elita Salavdievna Nasarova
In this work, an attempt has been made to study the possibility of using carbon dioxide extracts from plant raw materials as an additive to improve the taste and aromatic parameters of a grape-containing drink. Advancing the technology of juices and drink is mainly aimed at improving their stability indicators, preserving and increasing the content of biologically active substances. Considerable attention in the production conditions is paid to the use of preservation agents, especially if this applies to products intended for infant food. In this work, methods of chemical analysis, capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography using a capillary column were used to assess the general parameters of the component composition of grape juice. Experiments on the modification of grape drink used carbon dioxide extracts produced by OOO «Karavan» (Krasnodar). To compare the component composition of the extracts, the substances were determined by group characteristics. It has been shown that the use of CO2 extracts increases the stability of grape-containing drink. The effect on the taste, color and aroma of grape juices from Aligote, Riesling varieties was investigated at the following doses of vegetable extracts – 0.005 %, 0.01 % and 0.02 %. The main condition for the use of the carbon dioxide extract additive has been determined – it should not change the taste and aromatic characteristics of grape-containing drink. Among the selected plant extracts, only the addition of 0.005 % of horse chestnut or coconut allowed to ensure the stability of the product and did not change its taste characteristic. The use of these carbon dioxide extracts allowed to increase the stability of grape-containing drink within the warranty period and contributed to its clarification. Key words: DRINK, JUICE, EXTRACT, GRAPE, TASTE, STABILITY, ANALYSIS
{"title":"THE INFLUENSE OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF GRAPE-CONTAINING DRINK","authors":"Elita Salavdievna Nasarova","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-219-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-219-231","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an attempt has been made to study the possibility of using carbon dioxide extracts from plant raw materials as an additive to improve the taste and aromatic parameters of a grape-containing drink. Advancing the technology of juices and drink is mainly aimed at improving their stability indicators, preserving and increasing the content of biologically active substances. Considerable attention in the production conditions is paid to the use of preservation agents, especially if this applies to products intended for infant food. In this work, methods of chemical analysis, capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography using a capillary column were used to assess the general parameters of the component composition of grape juice. Experiments on the modification of grape drink used carbon dioxide extracts produced by OOO «Karavan» (Krasnodar). To compare the component composition of the extracts, the substances were determined by group characteristics. It has been shown that the use of CO2 extracts increases the stability of grape-containing drink. The effect on the taste, color and aroma of grape juices from Aligote, Riesling varieties was investigated at the following doses of vegetable extracts – 0.005 %, 0.01 % and 0.02 %. The main condition for the use of the carbon dioxide extract additive has been determined – it should not change the taste and aromatic characteristics of grape-containing drink. Among the selected plant extracts, only the addition of 0.005 % of horse chestnut or coconut allowed to ensure the stability of the product and did not change its taste characteristic. The use of these carbon dioxide extracts allowed to increase the stability of grape-containing drink within the warranty period and contributed to its clarification. Key words: DRINK, JUICE, EXTRACT, GRAPE, TASTE, STABILITY, ANALYSIS","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-247-261
Natalia Nikolaevna Kovalenko, R. B. Hupov, Irina Semenovna Chepinoga
The results of studying the collection of foreign ornamental varieties of chaenomeles (Chaenomeles Lindl.) of two species are presented: Ch. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai and Ch. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. et Spach. and two hybrid groups: Ch.×superba (Frahm) Rehder., Ch.× californica W. Clarke ex C. Weber, preserved at the Krymsk EBS – branch of VIR, and in a private collection in the Republic of Adygea. Valuable physiological features were determined: the timing, degree and duration of the flowering period in the conditions of the northwestern piedmont of the Main Caucasian Range. The characteristics of 25 varieties of chaenomeles are given in terms of color, diameter and degree of doubleness of the flower, parameters of the bush, characterizing the decorativeness of its plants, which will expand the range of flowering shrubs for landscaping city parks and squares. Four varieties with the largest double flowers (53 to 65 mm in diameter) were identified: Kinshiden, Scarlet Storm, Mango Storm, Pink Storm, and two varieties with a high degree of doubleness – Pink Storm and Orange Storm, the flowers of which have more than 30 petals. A clear palette of corolla color of the studied varieties was determined: from white to dark red with various shades, including pink and orange. According to the habit of the bush, the varieties are divided into three groups: eight varieties are tall (above 150 cm), three are low-growing (100 cm on average) and the remaining 14 are medium-sized. It has been established that all the studied varieties are suitable for wide use in landscape construction in the Kuban. As sources for targeted breeding programs, varieties with the highest decorative effect – a large double flower of various colors are recommended: Kinshiden, Jet Trail, Wakaba and varieties of the Storm group. Key words: CHAENOMELES, VARIETY, FLOWERING PHENOINTERVALS, ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES, BUSH, FLOWER, DEGREE OF DOUBLENESS, SHOOT SPINATION
本文介绍了对两个品种的国外观赏变种茶藨子（Chaenomeles Lindl：Ch. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai 和 Ch. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. et Spach：Ch.×superba (Frahm) Rehder.克拉克（Clarke ex C. Weber），保存在克雷姆斯克 EBS - VIR 分支机构和阿迪加共和国的私人收藏中。确定了宝贵的生理特征：在高加索主山脉西北部山麓条件下开花期的时间、程度和持续时间。从花朵的颜色、直径和重瓣程度、灌木丛的参数等方面介绍了 25 个茶藨子品种的特征，这些特征体现了其植株的装饰性，这将扩大城市公园和广场绿化用花灌木的范围。确定了四个重瓣花朵最大的品种（直径为 53 至 65 毫米）：金仕登、绯红风暴、芒果风暴、粉红风暴，以及两个重瓣程度较高的品种--粉红风暴和橙色风暴，它们的花朵有 30 多片花瓣。研究品种的花冠颜色清晰明了：从白色到深红色，深浅不一，包括粉色和橙色。根据灌木丛的习性，这些品种被分为三组：8 个品种高大（150 厘米以上），3 个品种低矮（平均 100 厘米），其余 14 个品种中等大小。研究结果表明，所有研究品种都适合在库班地区的景观建设中广泛使用。作为有针对性的育种计划的来源，推荐具有最高装饰效果的品种--各种颜色的大型重瓣花：金仕登、捷径、若叶和风暴组品种。关键字chaenomeles、品种、花期、观赏性、灌木丛、花朵、重瓣程度、枝间距
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE DECORATIVE QUALITIES OF INTRODUCED VARIETIES OF CHENOMELES (CHAENOMELES LINDL.) IN THE KUBAN","authors":"Natalia Nikolaevna Kovalenko, R. B. Hupov, Irina Semenovna Chepinoga","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-247-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-247-261","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studying the collection of foreign ornamental varieties of chaenomeles (Chaenomeles Lindl.) of two species are presented: Ch. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai and Ch. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. et Spach. and two hybrid groups: Ch.×superba (Frahm) Rehder., Ch.× californica W. Clarke ex C. Weber, preserved at the Krymsk EBS – branch of VIR, and in a private collection in the Republic of Adygea. Valuable physiological features were determined: the timing, degree and duration of the flowering period in the conditions of the northwestern piedmont of the Main Caucasian Range. The characteristics of 25 varieties of chaenomeles are given in terms of color, diameter and degree of doubleness of the flower, parameters of the bush, characterizing the decorativeness of its plants, which will expand the range of flowering shrubs for landscaping city parks and squares. Four varieties with the largest double flowers (53 to 65 mm in diameter) were identified: Kinshiden, Scarlet Storm, Mango Storm, Pink Storm, and two varieties with a high degree of doubleness – Pink Storm and Orange Storm, the flowers of which have more than 30 petals. A clear palette of corolla color of the studied varieties was determined: from white to dark red with various shades, including pink and orange. According to the habit of the bush, the varieties are divided into three groups: eight varieties are tall (above 150 cm), three are low-growing (100 cm on average) and the remaining 14 are medium-sized. It has been established that all the studied varieties are suitable for wide use in landscape construction in the Kuban. As sources for targeted breeding programs, varieties with the highest decorative effect – a large double flower of various colors are recommended: Kinshiden, Jet Trail, Wakaba and varieties of the Storm group. Key words: CHAENOMELES, VARIETY, FLOWERING PHENOINTERVALS, ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES, BUSH, FLOWER, DEGREE OF DOUBLENESS, SHOOT SPINATION","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-46-58
Aleksandrovich Lukyanov Alexey
The article summarizes the main results of scientific research conducted by scientists of Anapa ZESV&W – branch of FSBSI NCFSCGVW in 2023 in the performance of the State task, aimed at the search, mobilisation, conservation, study and replenishment of gene resources of grapes, development of a method of analysis of vegetation indices of ampelocenoses according to long-term satellite data and obtaining new knowledge about the regularities of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors of growing grapes, as well as technological methods of wine production on changes in the biochemical composition of grapes. The researches were carried out in plantations of the center of collective use Anapa ampelographic collection and production plantations of grapes of Krasnodar region by generally accepted and adapted methods. As a result of fulfilment of the thematic plan, 7 completed developments of fundamental and 4 of priority-applied importance were obtained, including: 5 sources of breeding-valuable traits, 2 elite forms, 1 standard operating procedure for growing hybrid grape seedlings (SOP 00668034-005-2023), 1 database (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application № 2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 computer programme (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application №2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 technological instruction (Technology of production of wine and wine in bulk (wine material) dry white «Barkhatnyi Muscat» (TI 11.02.12-185-00668034-2023). 2 patents have been obtained based on the results of research. In general, the scientific institution maintains 21 objects of intellectual property, 14 of them – for varieties. The benchmark for fulfilment of the R&D plan on publication activity according to the state assignment for 2023 was a publication score of 7.0. The actual implementation was 11.6 points. The total number of published papers is 24, 11 of which were included in the RSCI core.
{"title":"RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF THE ANAPA ZONAL EXPERIMENTAL STATION OF VITICULTURE AND WINEMAKING – BRANCH OF THE FEDERAL STATE BUDGET SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION «NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF HORTICULTURE, VITICULTURE, WINEMAKING» FOR THE 2023","authors":"Aleksandrovich Lukyanov Alexey","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-46-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-46-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the main results of scientific research conducted by scientists of Anapa ZESV&W – branch of FSBSI NCFSCGVW in 2023 in the performance of the State task, aimed at the search, mobilisation, conservation, study and replenishment of gene resources of grapes, development of a method of analysis of vegetation indices of ampelocenoses according to long-term satellite data and obtaining new knowledge about the regularities of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors of growing grapes, as well as technological methods of wine production on changes in the biochemical composition of grapes. The researches were carried out in plantations of the center of collective use Anapa ampelographic collection and production plantations of grapes of Krasnodar region by generally accepted and adapted methods. As a result of fulfilment of the thematic plan, 7 completed developments of fundamental and 4 of priority-applied importance were obtained, including: 5 sources of breeding-valuable traits, 2 elite forms, 1 standard operating procedure for growing hybrid grape seedlings (SOP 00668034-005-2023), 1 database (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application № 2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 computer programme (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application №2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 technological instruction (Technology of production of wine and wine in bulk (wine material) dry white «Barkhatnyi Muscat» (TI 11.02.12-185-00668034-2023). 2 patents have been obtained based on the results of research. In general, the scientific institution maintains 21 objects of intellectual property, 14 of them – for varieties. The benchmark for fulfilment of the R&D plan on publication activity according to the state assignment for 2023 was a publication score of 7.0. The actual implementation was 11.6 points. The total number of published papers is 24, 11 of which were included in the RSCI core.","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140495308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of the institution’s research work obtained in 2023. Research is focused on solving problems: accelerated creation of new varieties of horticultural crops based on the mobilization of bioresource collections using molecular genetic methods and digital technologies; ensuring environmental and economic sustainability and optimal productivity of perennial agrocenoses, as well as the quality and safety of preserved plant agricultural raw materials based on biologization and digitalization of technological processes. An analysis of the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities is given according to the criteria of research, publishing, publiсation, inventive activity, innovative, educational and financial and economic activities of a scientific institution. As a result of R&D, 115 completed developments of fundamental importance have received, forming the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of scientific and technical products of a priority applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 81 developments that provide improvement in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and vineyards, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool is preserved – 7,253 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 127 varieties; clones were selected and 7 donors were identified and 53 sources for creating new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, sustainability to the most harmful diseases and pests. The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in 2023 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes 3 varieties of apple trees, one grape variety, one clonal rootstock of small stone fruit crops, a rose variety bred by the scientific institution. Output products are registered in the USAIS electronic accounting database in the form of intellectual property for 99 completed developments. Regulatory documentation has been developed in the form of organizational standards, technological instructions and technical conditions for 37 completed developments.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BY SECTORAL PRIORITIES","authors":"Alekseyevich Egorov Evgeniy, Anatolyevna Ilina Irina, Mikhailovna Zaporozhets Natalia","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-1-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-1-45","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the institution’s research work obtained in 2023. Research is focused on solving problems: accelerated creation of new varieties of horticultural crops based on the mobilization of bioresource collections using molecular genetic methods and digital technologies; ensuring environmental and economic sustainability and optimal productivity of perennial agrocenoses, as well as the quality and safety of preserved plant agricultural raw materials based on biologization and digitalization of technological processes. An analysis of the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities is given according to the criteria of research, publishing, publiсation, inventive activity, innovative, educational and financial and economic activities of a scientific institution. As a result of R&D, 115 completed developments of fundamental importance have received, forming the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of scientific and technical products of a priority applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 81 developments that provide improvement in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and vineyards, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool is preserved – 7,253 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 127 varieties; clones were selected and 7 donors were identified and 53 sources for creating new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, sustainability to the most harmful diseases and pests. The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in 2023 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes 3 varieties of apple trees, one grape variety, one clonal rootstock of small stone fruit crops, a rose variety bred by the scientific institution. Output products are registered in the USAIS electronic accounting database in the form of intellectual property for 99 completed developments. Regulatory documentation has been developed in the form of organizational standards, technological instructions and technical conditions for 37 completed developments.","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140495525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-275-287
Z. K. Bakhmulaeva, T. I. Daudova, R. Z. Gasanov, D. Aliverdieva, O. N. Shelud'ko, Yuriy Fedorovich Yakuba, A. Shirshova
Grape berries, which contain organic substances, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, aromatic substances, have valuable taste and nutritional properties. An important source of biologically active substances are the pulp, skin and seeds of grape berries containing a significant amount of essential components. The purpose of the work is to determine the biochemical parameters: biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances in the structural elements of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties cultivated in Dagestan. A capillary electrophoresis system was used to determine vitamins, composition and number of cations. The research was carried out on the device «Kapel 104T», RF, NPF LUMEX. The aroma-forming components in the experimental samples were identified using a gas chromatograph «Crystal 2000M» (RF). The mass concentration of antioxidants was measured on the device TSVET YAUZA 01-AA, (RF). The total amount of vitamins and vitamin-like substances in the autochthonous Narma variety was: in the pulp - 0.7123 mg/dm3 , in the skin – 3.4101 mg/dm3 and in the seeds – 3.7827 mg/dm3 . The total concentration of mineral elements in the skin of the studied grapes (Narma –33,2 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli – 20,8 mg/dm3 ) is higher than in the pulp and seeds. Significant total amounts of antioxidants were found in the seeds of the studied grapes: Narma – 6.71 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli – 8.51 mg/dm3 . High concentrations of aroma-forming substances were determined in the skin and seeds of berries of the Narma variety – 376.26 and 253.71 mg/dm3 , and in the Rkatsiteli variety the content of these compounds was 82.34 and 91.00 mg/dm3 , respectively. The research results complement the biochemical characteristics of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties, which can be successfully used as raw materials in the food industry to enrich food with biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances.
{"title":"VITAMINS, MINERAL AND AROMA-FORMING SUBSTANCES IN THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF GRAPE BERRIES OF NARMA AND RKATSITELI VARIETIES","authors":"Z. K. Bakhmulaeva, T. I. Daudova, R. Z. Gasanov, D. Aliverdieva, O. N. Shelud'ko, Yuriy Fedorovich Yakuba, A. Shirshova","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-275-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-275-287","url":null,"abstract":"Grape berries, which contain organic substances, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, aromatic substances, have valuable taste and nutritional properties. An important source of biologically active substances are the pulp, skin and seeds of grape berries containing a significant amount of essential components. The purpose of the work is to determine the biochemical parameters: biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances in the structural elements of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties cultivated in Dagestan. A capillary electrophoresis system was used to determine vitamins, composition and number of cations. The research was carried out on the device «Kapel 104T», RF, NPF LUMEX. The aroma-forming components in the experimental samples were identified using a gas chromatograph «Crystal 2000M» (RF). The mass concentration of antioxidants was measured on the device TSVET YAUZA 01-AA, (RF). The total amount of vitamins and vitamin-like substances in the autochthonous Narma variety was: in the pulp - 0.7123 mg/dm3 , in the skin – 3.4101 mg/dm3 and in the seeds – 3.7827 mg/dm3 . The total concentration of mineral elements in the skin of the studied grapes (Narma –33,2 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli – 20,8 mg/dm3 ) is higher than in the pulp and seeds. Significant total amounts of antioxidants were found in the seeds of the studied grapes: Narma – 6.71 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli – 8.51 mg/dm3 . High concentrations of aroma-forming substances were determined in the skin and seeds of berries of the Narma variety – 376.26 and 253.71 mg/dm3 , and in the Rkatsiteli variety the content of these compounds was 82.34 and 91.00 mg/dm3 , respectively. The research results complement the biochemical characteristics of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties, which can be successfully used as raw materials in the food industry to enrich food with biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances.","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-113-130
V. Likhovskoi, Igor' Pavlovich Lutkov
The article presents the results of research activities for 2023 of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach of the RAS in the field of winemaking, carried out in accordance with the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030). The methodology of wine quality management with ecostatus has been created, aimed at revealing the individual characteristics of wines caused by natural factors and reducing the risks of negative effects on humans. Promising yeast strains have been identified: Steinberg, Champanskaya G-14, ShM-30, Novocimlyanskaya 3 with a description of their taxonomic affiliation, morphological and physiological-biochemical properties. Two strains of O. oeni active acid-reducing agents are recommended for practical use. The application of technology for the production of young sparkling wines of Crimean autochthonous grape The article presents the results of research activities for 2023 of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach of the RAS in the field of winemaking, carried out in accordance with the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030). The methodology of wine quality management with ecostatus has been created, aimed at revealing the individual characteristics of wines caused by natural factors and reducing the risks of negative effects on humans. Promising yeast strains have been identified: Steinberg, Champanskaya G-14, ShM-30, Novocimlyanskaya 3 with a description of their taxonomic affiliation, morphological and physiological-biochemical properties. Two strains of O. oeni active acid-reducing agents are recommended for practical use. The application of technology for the production of young sparkling wines of Crimean autochthonous grape varieties: Kokur belyi, Sary Pandas, Soldaiya and Kefesiya is justified. The system of criteria indicators for assessing the quality of grapes for the production of high-quality cognac distillates and cognacs is substantiated. A working collection of 63 natural strains of lactic acid bacteria has been formed. The optimal technological factors of the process of single-stage extraction by infusing with a food water-alcohol solution of green grape shoots of the Vitis vinifera, Vitis abrusca species have been established, allowing to increase the yield of total polyphenols by at least 2.6 times for the production of functional products. The most optimal technological modes of cold treatment of dry and fortified wine materials have been established to substantiate the constructive solution of an energy-saving installation for the purpose of cold treatment of wine materials based on the study of the main factors affecting the mass transfer process of potassium bitartrate crystallization. The obtained results of research
{"title":"MODERN TASKS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF WINEMAKING","authors":"V. Likhovskoi, Igor' Pavlovich Lutkov","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-113-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-113-130","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research activities for 2023 of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach of the RAS in the field of winemaking, carried out in accordance with the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030). The methodology of wine quality management with ecostatus has been created, aimed at revealing the individual characteristics of wines caused by natural factors and reducing the risks of negative effects on humans. Promising yeast strains have been identified: Steinberg, Champanskaya G-14, ShM-30, Novocimlyanskaya 3 with a description of their taxonomic affiliation, morphological and physiological-biochemical properties. Two strains of O. oeni active acid-reducing agents are recommended for practical use. The application of technology for the production of young sparkling wines of Crimean autochthonous grape The article presents the results of research activities for 2023 of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach of the RAS in the field of winemaking, carried out in accordance with the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030). The methodology of wine quality management with ecostatus has been created, aimed at revealing the individual characteristics of wines caused by natural factors and reducing the risks of negative effects on humans. Promising yeast strains have been identified: Steinberg, Champanskaya G-14, ShM-30, Novocimlyanskaya 3 with a description of their taxonomic affiliation, morphological and physiological-biochemical properties. Two strains of O. oeni active acid-reducing agents are recommended for practical use. The application of technology for the production of young sparkling wines of Crimean autochthonous grape varieties: Kokur belyi, Sary Pandas, Soldaiya and Kefesiya is justified. The system of criteria indicators for assessing the quality of grapes for the production of high-quality cognac distillates and cognacs is substantiated. A working collection of 63 natural strains of lactic acid bacteria has been formed. The optimal technological factors of the process of single-stage extraction by infusing with a food water-alcohol solution of green grape shoots of the Vitis vinifera, Vitis abrusca species have been established, allowing to increase the yield of total polyphenols by at least 2.6 times for the production of functional products. The most optimal technological modes of cold treatment of dry and fortified wine materials have been established to substantiate the constructive solution of an energy-saving installation for the purpose of cold treatment of wine materials based on the study of the main factors affecting the mass transfer process of potassium bitartrate crystallization. The obtained results of research ","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140495186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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