Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.2014606
H. Zhang, J. Ma, Junyi Zhang
ABSTRACT A multi-band dual-chirp linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signal-generation scheme with doubled chirp bandwidth and flexible center frequency and band numbers is proposed. In the scheme, the polarization multiplexed multi-tone optical signals with chirped phases are generated via a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) cascaded with a polarization modulator. The two polarization multiplexed lightwaves are recombined as two linearly polarized beams by a polarization beam splitter and are detected by a balanced photodiode with a photocurrent that includes the multi-band dual-chirp LFM signal with doubled bandwidth and multiplied central frequencies but does not have a dc component. Since the orders and numbers of the generated optical sidebands are changed by adjusting the bias voltages of a DPMZM, we can obtain the multi-band dual-chirp LFM signal flexibly. Based on simulation, four-band, six-band and two seven-band dual-chirp LFM signals are generated with four groups of bias voltage configurations. For each case, every dual-chirp LFM signal of the generated multi-band dual-chirp LFM signal has a 5-GHz bandwidth and a time-bandwidth product of 512. The auto-correlations and ambiguity function of the generated LFM signal show good performance of pulse compression and range-Doppler resolution.
{"title":"Flexible Multi-band Dual-chirped Microwave Waveforms Generation with Double Bandwidth","authors":"H. Zhang, J. Ma, Junyi Zhang","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.2014606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.2014606","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A multi-band dual-chirp linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signal-generation scheme with doubled chirp bandwidth and flexible center frequency and band numbers is proposed. In the scheme, the polarization multiplexed multi-tone optical signals with chirped phases are generated via a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) cascaded with a polarization modulator. The two polarization multiplexed lightwaves are recombined as two linearly polarized beams by a polarization beam splitter and are detected by a balanced photodiode with a photocurrent that includes the multi-band dual-chirp LFM signal with doubled bandwidth and multiplied central frequencies but does not have a dc component. Since the orders and numbers of the generated optical sidebands are changed by adjusting the bias voltages of a DPMZM, we can obtain the multi-band dual-chirp LFM signal flexibly. Based on simulation, four-band, six-band and two seven-band dual-chirp LFM signals are generated with four groups of bias voltage configurations. For each case, every dual-chirp LFM signal of the generated multi-band dual-chirp LFM signal has a 5-GHz bandwidth and a time-bandwidth product of 512. The auto-correlations and ambiguity function of the generated LFM signal show good performance of pulse compression and range-Doppler resolution.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"9 1","pages":"276 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73773051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.1995084
B. Nizamani, A. Jafry, G. Fizza, F. A. Memon, S. Salam, M. Najm, M. A. Abdul Khudus, E. Hanafi, R. Apsari, S. Harun
ABSTRACT We have experimentally reported aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) as a novel saturable absorber to generate a mode-locked laser operating in dark pulsed regime. The D-shaped fiber was first prepared by side polishing a single-mode fiber to the 1 dB insertion loss. The AZO was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and then deposited onto the D-shaped fiber by drop casting method. By carefully optimizing the polarization of the cavity, a dark pulse was achieved, which remained stable within the pump power of 65.7–101.35 mW. Pulse width was 220 ns, and the pulse repetition rate was 1.85 MHz.
{"title":"Dark Pulse Mode-locked Laser based on Aluminum Zinc Oxide coated D-shape fiber as Saturable Absorber","authors":"B. Nizamani, A. Jafry, G. Fizza, F. A. Memon, S. Salam, M. Najm, M. A. Abdul Khudus, E. Hanafi, R. Apsari, S. Harun","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1995084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1995084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We have experimentally reported aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) as a novel saturable absorber to generate a mode-locked laser operating in dark pulsed regime. The D-shaped fiber was first prepared by side polishing a single-mode fiber to the 1 dB insertion loss. The AZO was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and then deposited onto the D-shaped fiber by drop casting method. By carefully optimizing the polarization of the cavity, a dark pulse was achieved, which remained stable within the pump power of 65.7–101.35 mW. Pulse width was 220 ns, and the pulse repetition rate was 1.85 MHz.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"10 1","pages":"322 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85019470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.1945171
Apoorv Kulkarni, Shrey Kothavade, Dhananjay Patel, Rajat Jain
ABSTRACT This work explains the theoretical and mathematical investigations of the transmission performance of an optical Single Sideband (SSB) modulation technique generated by a Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) with a 90° and 120° phase shift using hybrid coupler (Modified SSB) in addition to the Vestigial Sideband technique (VSB). The problem addressed in this paper is the effect of non-linearity of the transmitter system and the chromatic dispersion in single mode fiber due to the presence of second- and higher order harmonics. The non-linearity of the transmitter generates second and higher order harmonics, which affects the system performance leading to reduction in the data rate and increased distortion. The transmission performance of SSB, M-SSB and VSB is evaluated based on the extinction ratio of the MZM, different transmission lengths of the fiber, optical signal modulation index and the receiver sensitivity. A mathematical model has been developed for all the systems representing the modulation techniques till the second order. The baseband modulation consists of an RF signal of frequency 18 GHz and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal with 4-QAM modulation technique converted to optical signal, using the MZM and transmitted over a SMF of distance of 75 Km. Our results show that the M-SSB technique proves to be more immune toward transmitter nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion as compared to its counterparts. In addition to this, it improves the receiver sensitivity by 6.56 dBm. The results generated by software simulation are in tandem with the mathematical model.
{"title":"Performance Analysis Of Optical Modulation Techniques Based On Reduction Of Second Order Harmonics And Chromatic Dispersion on OFDM Signals","authors":"Apoorv Kulkarni, Shrey Kothavade, Dhananjay Patel, Rajat Jain","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1945171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1945171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work explains the theoretical and mathematical investigations of the transmission performance of an optical Single Sideband (SSB) modulation technique generated by a Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) with a 90° and 120° phase shift using hybrid coupler (Modified SSB) in addition to the Vestigial Sideband technique (VSB). The problem addressed in this paper is the effect of non-linearity of the transmitter system and the chromatic dispersion in single mode fiber due to the presence of second- and higher order harmonics. The non-linearity of the transmitter generates second and higher order harmonics, which affects the system performance leading to reduction in the data rate and increased distortion. The transmission performance of SSB, M-SSB and VSB is evaluated based on the extinction ratio of the MZM, different transmission lengths of the fiber, optical signal modulation index and the receiver sensitivity. A mathematical model has been developed for all the systems representing the modulation techniques till the second order. The baseband modulation consists of an RF signal of frequency 18 GHz and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal with 4-QAM modulation technique converted to optical signal, using the MZM and transmitted over a SMF of distance of 75 Km. Our results show that the M-SSB technique proves to be more immune toward transmitter nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion as compared to its counterparts. In addition to this, it improves the receiver sensitivity by 6.56 dBm. The results generated by software simulation are in tandem with the mathematical model.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"32 1","pages":"304 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.1942334
M. Najm, B. Nizamani, Pei Zhang, S. Salam, H. Arof, Norrima Mokhtar, A. Al-Hiti, M. Yasin, S. Harun
ABSTRACT In this study, we have experimentally demonstrated the sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) thin-film as a saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switched laser generation in erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. The Na₂CO₃ powder was embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate the thin film. The Na2CO3 was then employed in an EDFL cavity for passively generating Q-switched pulses with a minimum pulse width of 1.2 µs and maximum repetition rate of 94.7 kHz. The fundamental frequency of 94.7 kHz had the signal to noise ratio of 73.51 dB, which indicates the pulses were stable. The Q-switched laser operated at center wavelength of 1560 nm.
{"title":"Sodium Carbonate for Generating Q-Switched Pulses in 1550 nm Region","authors":"M. Najm, B. Nizamani, Pei Zhang, S. Salam, H. Arof, Norrima Mokhtar, A. Al-Hiti, M. Yasin, S. Harun","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1942334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1942334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we have experimentally demonstrated the sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) thin-film as a saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switched laser generation in erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. The Na₂CO₃ powder was embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate the thin film. The Na2CO3 was then employed in an EDFL cavity for passively generating Q-switched pulses with a minimum pulse width of 1.2 µs and maximum repetition rate of 94.7 kHz. The fundamental frequency of 94.7 kHz had the signal to noise ratio of 73.51 dB, which indicates the pulses were stable. The Q-switched laser operated at center wavelength of 1560 nm.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"59 1","pages":"292 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73204138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.1919358
H. Hodara, E. Skaljo
ABSTRACT Wireless Mobile Communications have undergone major “generational” changes since MacDonald of Bell Telephone Laboratories introduced the concept of cellular communications in 1979. Over the last four decades, the technology has evolved from the first generation, 1 G, followed by 2 G, 3 G, and 4 G, to reach today’s threshold of the fifth generation, 5 G. In order to grasp the magnitude of the impact 5 G is having on our society (5 G internet is expected cover up to 65% of the world’s population by the end of 2025!), it is essential to understand the historical development of the previous generations. This review describes and explains the technology from 1 G to 4 G, culminating with the current state-of-the-art of 5 G, and its expected performance over the next ten years. We cover the major technical features of 5 G that differentiate them from the previous generations, in particular,the introduction of the MM-Wave spectrum combined with MIMO, Multiple Input-Multiple Output antenna arrays. We single out these two features as they provide orders of magnitude increases in channel capacity (20 Gb/s Downlink data transfer rates with reduced latency of 1 ms) and internet connectivity on the order of billions. We conclude with related 5 G marketing data, some of it related to the smart phone, a marvel of engineering and a credit to human creativity. 5 G is committed to connecting billions of devices with billions of people, both wirelessly and via the internet. Such a technical advance is a game-changer!
{"title":"From 1G to 5G","authors":"H. Hodara, E. Skaljo","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1919358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1919358","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wireless Mobile Communications have undergone major “generational” changes since MacDonald of Bell Telephone Laboratories introduced the concept of cellular communications in 1979. Over the last four decades, the technology has evolved from the first generation, 1 G, followed by 2 G, 3 G, and 4 G, to reach today’s threshold of the fifth generation, 5 G. In order to grasp the magnitude of the impact 5 G is having on our society (5 G internet is expected cover up to 65% of the world’s population by the end of 2025!), it is essential to understand the historical development of the previous generations. This review describes and explains the technology from 1 G to 4 G, culminating with the current state-of-the-art of 5 G, and its expected performance over the next ten years. We cover the major technical features of 5 G that differentiate them from the previous generations, in particular,the introduction of the MM-Wave spectrum combined with MIMO, Multiple Input-Multiple Output antenna arrays. We single out these two features as they provide orders of magnitude increases in channel capacity (20 Gb/s Downlink data transfer rates with reduced latency of 1 ms) and internet connectivity on the order of billions. We conclude with related 5 G marketing data, some of it related to the smart phone, a marvel of engineering and a credit to human creativity. 5 G is committed to connecting billions of devices with billions of people, both wirelessly and via the internet. Such a technical advance is a game-changer!","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"69 1","pages":"85 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90565059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT In this paper, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on the gold wire-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The full-vector finite element method is used to investigate the influences of the fiber structure parameters on the transmission characteristics and coupling length. By appropriately adjusting the fiber structure parameters, the coupling length ratio of 2:1 can be achieved at wavelengths 1.55 and 1.31 μm, so the incident light can be well separated into the two beams with orthogonal polarization states. When the fiber length is 805.3 μm, the maximum extinction ratio (ER) within bandwidth of 60 nm is −132.12 dB at wavelength 1.55 μm. When the fiber length is 1264.9 μm, the maximum ER within bandwidth of 70 nm is −197 dB at wavelength 1.31 μm. By optimizing the fiber structure parameters, a PBS with a length of 249.12 μm, the maximum ER of −112.2 dB, and bandwidth of 120 nm can be obtained.
{"title":"Polarization Beam Splitter Based on the Gold Wire-Filled Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber at the Communication Wavelengths","authors":"Yongxia Zhang, Yuwei Qu, J. Yuan, Haiyun Wang, Xian Zhou, Jiahao Huo, B. Yan, Qiang Wu, Kuiru Wang, Keping Long, Chongxiu Yu","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1882621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1882621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on the gold wire-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The full-vector finite element method is used to investigate the influences of the fiber structure parameters on the transmission characteristics and coupling length. By appropriately adjusting the fiber structure parameters, the coupling length ratio of 2:1 can be achieved at wavelengths 1.55 and 1.31 μm, so the incident light can be well separated into the two beams with orthogonal polarization states. When the fiber length is 805.3 μm, the maximum extinction ratio (ER) within bandwidth of 60 nm is −132.12 dB at wavelength 1.55 μm. When the fiber length is 1264.9 μm, the maximum ER within bandwidth of 70 nm is −197 dB at wavelength 1.31 μm. By optimizing the fiber structure parameters, a PBS with a length of 249.12 μm, the maximum ER of −112.2 dB, and bandwidth of 120 nm can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"63 1","pages":"70 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88719386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.1902590
M. A. Butt, S. Khonina, N. L. Kazanskiy
ABSTRACT Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is substantially developing optical sensing approaches that have been working in a wide range of applications, such as biological and chemical analyte detection, bioimaging, food safety, and environmental monitoring to security. Recently, optical fiber-based Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors has gained much attention due to the invention of Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and microstructured optical fiber (MOF) which offer compact size and light regulatory competencies in unmatched ways. Moreover, the field of sensing has witnessed another type of plasmonic sensors which are based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure utilizing surface plasmon polariton (SPP) phenomena. This review paper provides an insight into the technological growths in plasmonic sensors based on optical fibers and the MIM platform. We believe that this paper is one of its kind which provides a diverse range of novel plasmonic sensor structures to its readers.
{"title":"Plasmonics: A Necessity in the Field of Sensing-A Review (Invited)","authors":"M. A. Butt, S. Khonina, N. L. Kazanskiy","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1902590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1902590","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is substantially developing optical sensing approaches that have been working in a wide range of applications, such as biological and chemical analyte detection, bioimaging, food safety, and environmental monitoring to security. Recently, optical fiber-based Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors has gained much attention due to the invention of Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and microstructured optical fiber (MOF) which offer compact size and light regulatory competencies in unmatched ways. Moreover, the field of sensing has witnessed another type of plasmonic sensors which are based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure utilizing surface plasmon polariton (SPP) phenomena. This review paper provides an insight into the technological growths in plasmonic sensors based on optical fibers and the MIM platform. We believe that this paper is one of its kind which provides a diverse range of novel plasmonic sensor structures to its readers.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"21 1","pages":"14 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.1916695
A. Rodríguez-Pérez, R. Pérez de Aranda, E. Prefasi, S. Dumont, J. Rosado, I. Enrique, P. Pinzón, D. Ortiz
ABSTRACT This paper shows the status of the ethernet-based communication solutions, focused on optical links, for the automotive industry. First, the implementation of a product compatible with the 1000BASE-RHC according to the IEEE Std 802.3bv is presented, which is the first able to transmit 1 Gbps over POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) for automotive. Second, a new architecture to achieve up to 25 Gbps for automotive is described. The proposed Multi-Gigabit system leverages existing technologies, as VCSELs (Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser), multi-mode fibers and photodiodes already developed for the data centers industry.
{"title":"Toward the Multi-Gigabit Ethernet for the Automotive Industry","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Pérez, R. Pérez de Aranda, E. Prefasi, S. Dumont, J. Rosado, I. Enrique, P. Pinzón, D. Ortiz","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1916695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1916695","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper shows the status of the ethernet-based communication solutions, focused on optical links, for the automotive industry. First, the implementation of a product compatible with the 1000BASE-RHC according to the IEEE Std 802.3bv is presented, which is the first able to transmit 1 Gbps over POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) for automotive. Second, a new architecture to achieve up to 25 Gbps for automotive is described. The proposed Multi-Gigabit system leverages existing technologies, as VCSELs (Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser), multi-mode fibers and photodiodes already developed for the data centers industry.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88118718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2021.1904059
T. Tabaru
ABSTRACT The effect of the temperature on refractive index (RI) sensors based on U and Coil-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) was investigated. For this purpose, four POF-RI sensor probes were produced, and RI changes caused by ethanol changes in solutions were detected. Two of the produced probes were U-shaped, while the other two were Coil-shaped. For the first time in the literature, the effect of both the geometry of the U and Coil-shaped POF-RI sensors on the sensor parameters and the effect of the medium temperature have been analyzed together. As a result of the experiments conducted at 25°C, the best RI change detection sensitivity, linearity, and resolution values were determined as 821%/RIU, 0.9974 (R2), 5.18 × 10−4. In addition, temperature dependence loss (TDL) and temperature dependence RI deviation (TDR) were measured at different temperatures (25–40°C) in the 1.3346–1.45 RI range, and the effect of temperature change on POF-RI sensor probes was characterized.
{"title":"The Temperature Effect on U and Coil Shaped POF Sensors to Detect Refractive Index Change","authors":"T. Tabaru","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2021.1904059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1904059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of the temperature on refractive index (RI) sensors based on U and Coil-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) was investigated. For this purpose, four POF-RI sensor probes were produced, and RI changes caused by ethanol changes in solutions were detected. Two of the produced probes were U-shaped, while the other two were Coil-shaped. For the first time in the literature, the effect of both the geometry of the U and Coil-shaped POF-RI sensors on the sensor parameters and the effect of the medium temperature have been analyzed together. As a result of the experiments conducted at 25°C, the best RI change detection sensitivity, linearity, and resolution values were determined as 821%/RIU, 0.9974 (R2), 5.18 × 10−4. In addition, temperature dependence loss (TDL) and temperature dependence RI deviation (TDR) were measured at different temperatures (25–40°C) in the 1.3346–1.45 RI range, and the effect of temperature change on POF-RI sensor probes was characterized.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"28 1","pages":"48 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79154716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/01468030.2020.1846097
C. Cuadrado-Laborde, A. Carrascosa, A. Díez, J. Cruz, M. V. Andrés
ABSTRACT In this work, we review our recent investigations on the behavior of a polarization-maintaining passively mode-locked ytterbium-doped laser in two different cavity configurations, namely: fiber-ring (FR) and Fabry-Perot (FP). Opposed to standard configurations that rely on the use of strong filtering within the cavity by including an ad hoc component with this purpose, here the filtering action is solely performed by the spectral overlapping of the different components within the fiber lasers. We found that the lack of a specific filter within the cavity does not deteriorate the performance as compared with previous works. We also report the changes in the output light pulses when the net dispersion of the cavity was varied. Additionally, different lengths of an ad hoc anomalous polarization-maintaining (PM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) were used as intracavity dispersion compensator, to shift the operation of the laser from net-normal to the net-anomalous regime. The shortest output light pulses [6 ps (FR) and 8 ps (FP)] were obtained when the net-cavity dispersion approached zero. Since the obtained light pulses were far to be transform-limited, we also discuss the possibility of out-of-cavity recompression by using the same PM-PCF mentioned above. After recompression, pulse widths of 3 ps were obtained, limited by the available length of PM PCF.
{"title":"All Polarization-maintaining Passively Mode-locked Ytterbium-doped Fiber Lasers, Behavior under Two Different Cavity Configurations","authors":"C. Cuadrado-Laborde, A. Carrascosa, A. Díez, J. Cruz, M. V. Andrés","doi":"10.1080/01468030.2020.1846097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2020.1846097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, we review our recent investigations on the behavior of a polarization-maintaining passively mode-locked ytterbium-doped laser in two different cavity configurations, namely: fiber-ring (FR) and Fabry-Perot (FP). Opposed to standard configurations that rely on the use of strong filtering within the cavity by including an ad hoc component with this purpose, here the filtering action is solely performed by the spectral overlapping of the different components within the fiber lasers. We found that the lack of a specific filter within the cavity does not deteriorate the performance as compared with previous works. We also report the changes in the output light pulses when the net dispersion of the cavity was varied. Additionally, different lengths of an ad hoc anomalous polarization-maintaining (PM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) were used as intracavity dispersion compensator, to shift the operation of the laser from net-normal to the net-anomalous regime. The shortest output light pulses [6 ps (FR) and 8 ps (FP)] were obtained when the net-cavity dispersion approached zero. Since the obtained light pulses were far to be transform-limited, we also discuss the possibility of out-of-cavity recompression by using the same PM-PCF mentioned above. After recompression, pulse widths of 3 ps were obtained, limited by the available length of PM PCF.","PeriodicalId":50449,"journal":{"name":"Fiber and Integrated Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"240 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85548047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：