The accuracy of calculations of integrals with logarithmic singularities for two methods, namely the method of ignoring singularities and the method of subtraction (consisting in separating the singular part from the remaining non-singular), are presented in this paper. Only two-dimensional problems, like Dirichlet's problems, as well as acoustic problems formulated in the frequency domain are considered. Problems related to the accuracy of calculations are discussed and the influence of frequency, as well as the influence of the geometry of the analysed area on the accuracy of calculations, are indicated. When we talk about the influence of geometry, we mean not only discretization, but also the configuration of the area, such as the sharp edges of the boundary line, assuming the use of the classic, without any modifications, Boundary Element Method.
{"title":"SOME MORE ON LOGARITHMIC SINGULARITY INTEGRATION IN BOUNDARY ELEMENT METOD","authors":"T. Rymarczyk, J. Sikora","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.5864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5864","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of calculations of integrals with logarithmic singularities for two methods, namely the method of ignoring singularities and the method of subtraction (consisting in separating the singular part from the remaining non-singular), are presented in this paper. Only two-dimensional problems, like Dirichlet's problems, as well as acoustic problems formulated in the frequency domain are considered. Problems related to the accuracy of calculations are discussed and the influence of frequency, as well as the influence of the geometry of the analysed area on the accuracy of calculations, are indicated. When we talk about the influence of geometry, we mean not only discretization, but also the configuration of the area, such as the sharp edges of the boundary line, assuming the use of the classic, without any modifications, Boundary Element Method.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a novel algorithm for dynamically constructing and traversing Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) in workflow systems, particularly targeting distributed computation and data processing domains. Traditional workflow management systems rely on explicitly defined, rigid DAGs, which can be cumbersome to maintain, especially in response to frequent changes or updates in the system. Our proposed algorithm circumvents the need for explicit DAG construction, instead opting for a dynamic approach that iteratively builds and executes the workflow based on available data and operations, through a combination of entities like Data Kinds, Operators, and Data Units, the algorithm implicitly forms a DAG, thereby simplifying the process of workflow management. We demonstrate the algorithm’s functionality and assess its performance through a series of tests in a simulated environment. The paper discusses the implications of this approach, especially focusing on cycle avoidance and computational complexity, and suggests future enhancements and potential applications.
本文介绍了一种在工作流系统中动态构建和遍历有向无环图（DAG）的新型算法，尤其针对分布式计算和数据处理领域。传统的工作流管理系统依赖于明确定义的、僵化的 DAG，维护起来非常麻烦，尤其是在系统频繁变化或更新的情况下。我们提出的算法规避了显式 DAG 构建的需要，而是选择了一种动态的方法，根据可用数据和操作迭代地构建和执行工作流，通过数据种类、操作符和数据单元等实体的组合，该算法隐式地形成了一个 DAG，从而简化了工作流管理的过程。我们演示了该算法的功能，并通过模拟环境中的一系列测试评估了其性能。本文讨论了这一方法的意义，尤其关注周期避免和计算复杂性，并提出了未来的改进建议和潜在应用。
{"title":"RUNNING A WORKFLOW WITHOUT WORKFLOWS: A BASIC ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMICALLY CONSTRUCTING AND TRAVERSING AN IMPLIED DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPH IN A NON-DETERMINISTIC ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Fedir Smilianets, Oleksii Finogenov","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.5858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5858","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel algorithm for dynamically constructing and traversing Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) in workflow systems, particularly targeting distributed computation and data processing domains. Traditional workflow management systems rely on explicitly defined, rigid DAGs, which can be cumbersome to maintain, especially in response to frequent changes or updates in the system. Our proposed algorithm circumvents the need for explicit DAG construction, instead opting for a dynamic approach that iteratively builds and executes the workflow based on available data and operations, through a combination of entities like Data Kinds, Operators, and Data Units, the algorithm implicitly forms a DAG, thereby simplifying the process of workflow management. We demonstrate the algorithm’s functionality and assess its performance through a series of tests in a simulated environment. The paper discusses the implications of this approach, especially focusing on cycle avoidance and computational complexity, and suggests future enhancements and potential applications.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia is a devastating neurological disorder that affects millions of people globally, causing progressive decline in cognitive function and daily living activities. Early and precise detection of dementia is critical for optimal dementia therapy and management however, the diagnosis of dementia is often challenging due to the complexity of the disease and the wide range of symptoms that patients may exhibit. Machine learning approaches are becoming progressively more prevalent in the realm of image processing, particularly for disease prediction. These algorithms can learn to recognize distinctive characteristics and patterns that are suggestive of specific diseases by analyzing images from multiple medical imaging modalities. This paper aims to develop and optimize a decision tree algorithm for dementia detection using the OASIS dataset, which comprises a large collection of MRI images and associated clinical data. This approach involves using a genetic algorithm to optimize the decision tree model for maximum accuracy and effectiveness. The ultimate goal of the paper is to develop an effective, non-invasive diagnostic tool for early and accurate detection of dementia. The GA-based decision tree, as proposed, exhibits strong performance compared to alternative models, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 96.67% according to experimental results.
{"title":"OPTYMALIZACJA DRZEWA DECYZYJNEGO OPARTA NA ALGORYTMIE GENETYCZNYM DO WYKRYWANIA DEMENCJI POPRZEZ ANALIZĘ MRI","authors":"Govada Anuradha, Harini Davu, Muthyalanaidu Karri","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.5775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5775","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is a devastating neurological disorder that affects millions of people globally, causing progressive decline in cognitive function and daily living activities. Early and precise detection of dementia is critical for optimal dementia therapy and management however, the diagnosis of dementia is often challenging due to the complexity of the disease and the wide range of symptoms that patients may exhibit. Machine learning approaches are becoming progressively more prevalent in the realm of image processing, particularly for disease prediction. These algorithms can learn to recognize distinctive characteristics and patterns that are suggestive of specific diseases by analyzing images from multiple medical imaging modalities. This paper aims to develop and optimize a decision tree algorithm for dementia detection using the OASIS dataset, which comprises a large collection of MRI images and associated clinical data. This approach involves using a genetic algorithm to optimize the decision tree model for maximum accuracy and effectiveness. The ultimate goal of the paper is to develop an effective, non-invasive diagnostic tool for early and accurate detection of dementia. The GA-based decision tree, as proposed, exhibits strong performance compared to alternative models, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 96.67% according to experimental results.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article investigates and calculates the characteristics of microwave mixers on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric. Presents diagrams of promising combined microwave radio engineering systems - two options for constructing mobile digital troposcatter-radiorelay stations, the antenna-feeder paths of which are implemented on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric. At research of microwave mixers, suppression and the use of the mirror frequency are taken into account. The analysis of researches of microwave mixers is carried out. The design of a balanced-type microwave mixer based on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric is developed. The mixer is used to convertion the microwave signal into an intermediate frequency signal. The signal conversion of the mixers takes place on the non-linear active resistance of the semiconductor diode. In article, an open nonlinear structure is used as such a diode. The following main parameters of microwave mixers are investigated: conversion losses, noise factor, operating frequency band, signal suppression at the mirror frequency. The conversion losses are determined for various mirror channel suppression conditions. Phase methods of mirror frequency suppression are considered, which are most suitable for the waveguide implementation of microwave mixers. A scheme of a microwave mixer of a balance type with a phase method for suppressing the mirror frequency is presented. The article notes that for significant suppression of the mirror frequency of more than 30 dB, a double frequency conversion mixer is used. A diagram of a slotted bridge based on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric is presented. The dependences of the input impedance of the mixer, the impedance of the mixer at the intermediate frequency, the impedance of the mixer at the mirror frequency by the power of the local heterodyne are plotted.
{"title":"MICROWAVE MIXER ON RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES PARTIALLY FILLED BY DIELECTRIC","authors":"Vitaly Pochernyaev, N. Syvkova, Mariia Mahomedova","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.5355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5355","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates and calculates the characteristics of microwave mixers on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric. Presents diagrams of promising combined microwave radio engineering systems - two options for constructing mobile digital troposcatter-radiorelay stations, the antenna-feeder paths of which are implemented on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric. At research of microwave mixers, suppression and the use of the mirror frequency are taken into account. The analysis of researches of microwave mixers is carried out. The design of a balanced-type microwave mixer based on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric is developed. The mixer is used to convertion the microwave signal into an intermediate frequency signal. The signal conversion of the mixers takes place on the non-linear active resistance of the semiconductor diode. In article, an open nonlinear structure is used as such a diode. The following main parameters of microwave mixers are investigated: conversion losses, noise factor, operating frequency band, signal suppression at the mirror frequency. The conversion losses are determined for various mirror channel suppression conditions. Phase methods of mirror frequency suppression are considered, which are most suitable for the waveguide implementation of microwave mixers. A scheme of a microwave mixer of a balance type with a phase method for suppressing the mirror frequency is presented. The article notes that for significant suppression of the mirror frequency of more than 30 dB, a double frequency conversion mixer is used. A diagram of a slotted bridge based on rectangular waveguides partially filled by dielectric is presented. The dependences of the input impedance of the mixer, the impedance of the mixer at the intermediate frequency, the impedance of the mixer at the mirror frequency by the power of the local heterodyne are plotted.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleksandr Harnaha, Nataliia B. Savina, Volodymyr Hrytsiuk
The article reveals the aspects of environmental and economic assessment of the land use regulation effectiveness. It is emphasized that in order to use land resources rationally and successfully implement scientifically sound farming methods, it is necessary to have holistic and reliable information about land, its productive properties, natural and economic condition. It is noted that the efficiency of land use should have quantitative parameters characterizing each of the aspects directly involved in the process of land use regulation.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE LAND USE REGULATION EFFECTIVENESS","authors":"Oleksandr Harnaha, Nataliia B. Savina, Volodymyr Hrytsiuk","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.5604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5604","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the aspects of environmental and economic assessment of the land use regulation effectiveness. It is emphasized that in order to use land resources rationally and successfully implement scientifically sound farming methods, it is necessary to have holistic and reliable information about land, its productive properties, natural and economic condition. It is noted that the efficiency of land use should have quantitative parameters characterizing each of the aspects directly involved in the process of land use regulation.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrzej Szymon Borkowski, Jakub Brożyna, Joanna Litwin, Weronika Rączka, Aleksandra Szporanowicz
In project processes, group collaboration and project documentation management are important aspects. In order for the cooperation of all project participants to be effective, it should be based first and foremost on adequate and effective communication. All project participants should use such solutions so that they can exchange, manage and combine information quickly and efficiently throughout the entire investment process, thus providing a complete picture of the situation. To this end, it is necessary to develop a catalogue of good practices supported by a variety of examples, as well as rules for group cooperation when using a CDE-type solution. The aim of this article was to show the advantages and benefits as well as the disadvantages and limitations in group collaboration when working on a single BIM model.
{"title":"USE OF THE CDE ENVIRONMENT IN TEAM COLLABORATION IN BIM","authors":"Andrzej Szymon Borkowski, Jakub Brożyna, Joanna Litwin, Weronika Rączka, Aleksandra Szporanowicz","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.4261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.4261","url":null,"abstract":"In project processes, group collaboration and project documentation management are important aspects. In order for the cooperation of all project participants to be effective, it should be based first and foremost on adequate and effective communication. All project participants should use such solutions so that they can exchange, manage and combine information quickly and efficiently throughout the entire investment process, thus providing a complete picture of the situation. To this end, it is necessary to develop a catalogue of good practices supported by a variety of examples, as well as rules for group cooperation when using a CDE-type solution. The aim of this article was to show the advantages and benefits as well as the disadvantages and limitations in group collaboration when working on a single BIM model.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mykhailo Burbelo, Oleksii Babenko, Yurii Loboda, Denys Lebed, Oleg K. Kolesnytskyj, Saule J. Rakhmetullina, Murat Mussabekov
This article describes the problem of automatic regulation of reactive power using electronic devices FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems): static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and unified power flow controller (UPFC). With the help of a complex writing form, the following are determined: voltages at the installation nodes of the FACTS device and loads, currents of loads, power sources and electronic compensators in case of voltage instability at the load node of the electrical network. Voltages and currents are determined using the node-voltage method. The task of STATCOM is partial or full compensation of reactive power. During the reduction of the voltage at the load node, the reactive power generated by the power source decreases. The STATCOM should partially or fully compensate for the reactive power imbalance as quickly as possible. However, at the same time, it is not possible to fully compensate for the voltage reduction. A series-parallel or parallel-series UPFC can be used to solve this problem. As a result of using the UPFC, it is possible to automatically raise the voltage level to acceptable values with the help of the UPFC series compensator. The analysis shows that the parallel-serial UPFC is characterized by the stability of operation. In the case of using a series-parallel UPFC, there are restrictions on the ability to adjust the imaginary voltage component of the series compensator, since the angle of the voltage vector changes, which causes a failure in the operation of the regulator of the parallel compensator UPFC.
{"title":"AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF REACTIVE POWER BY FACTS DEVICES UNDER CONDITIONS OF VOLTAGE INSTABILITY IN THE ELECTRIC NETWORK","authors":"Mykhailo Burbelo, Oleksii Babenko, Yurii Loboda, Denys Lebed, Oleg K. Kolesnytskyj, Saule J. Rakhmetullina, Murat Mussabekov","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.5377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5377","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the problem of automatic regulation of reactive power using electronic devices FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems): static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and unified power flow controller (UPFC). With the help of a complex writing form, the following are determined: voltages at the installation nodes of the FACTS device and loads, currents of loads, power sources and electronic compensators in case of voltage instability at the load node of the electrical network. Voltages and currents are determined using the node-voltage method. The task of STATCOM is partial or full compensation of reactive power. During the reduction of the voltage at the load node, the reactive power generated by the power source decreases. The STATCOM should partially or fully compensate for the reactive power imbalance as quickly as possible. However, at the same time, it is not possible to fully compensate for the voltage reduction. A series-parallel or parallel-series UPFC can be used to solve this problem. As a result of using the UPFC, it is possible to automatically raise the voltage level to acceptable values with the help of the UPFC series compensator. The analysis shows that the parallel-serial UPFC is characterized by the stability of operation. In the case of using a series-parallel UPFC, there are restrictions on the ability to adjust the imaginary voltage component of the series compensator, since the angle of the voltage vector changes, which causes a failure in the operation of the regulator of the parallel compensator UPFC.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An asymptotically optimal compatible algorithm for detecting side radiation signals from the monitor screen on liquid crystal structures and estimating the duration of image immutability on the monitor screen is found, which will better intercept information from monitor screens. The structure of a special technical intelligence tool is justified as a maximum likelihood algorithm for a finite number of unknown quadrature amplitudes of the information leakage signal from the monitor screen on liquid crystal structures.
{"title":"ASYMPTOTICALLY OPTIMAL ALGORITHM FOR PROCESSING SIDE RADIATION SIGNALS FROM MONITOR SCREENS ON LIQUID CRYSTAL STRUCTURES","authors":"Dmytro Yevgrafov, Yurii Yaremchuk","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.5586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5586","url":null,"abstract":"An asymptotically optimal compatible algorithm for detecting side radiation signals from the monitor screen on liquid crystal structures and estimating the duration of image immutability on the monitor screen is found, which will better intercept information from monitor screens. The structure of a special technical intelligence tool is justified as a maximum likelihood algorithm for a finite number of unknown quadrature amplitudes of the information leakage signal from the monitor screen on liquid crystal structures.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with method of interaction between JavaScript objects of different web pages in hybrid java applications. To solve this problem, the WebView component is used, its functionality to provide an interface for JavaScript objects, as well as the SharedPreferences global settings class, with its ability to store data in local storage. The software implementation is considered and the results of the practical use of the developed method of interaction between JavaScript WebView objects in the form of a hybrid Java application embedded in the electronic university system – the Timetable SNU electronic timetable module are presented.
{"title":"INTERACTION METHOD BETWEEN WEBVIEW OBJECTS IN HYBRID JAVA APPLICATIONS","authors":"Denys Ratov, O. Zakhozhai","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.3734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.3734","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with method of interaction between JavaScript objects of different web pages in hybrid java applications. To solve this problem, the WebView component is used, its functionality to provide an interface for JavaScript objects, as well as the SharedPreferences global settings class, with its ability to store data in local storage. The software implementation is considered and the results of the practical use of the developed method of interaction between JavaScript WebView objects in the form of a hybrid Java application embedded in the electronic university system – the Timetable SNU electronic timetable module are presented.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing popularity of web applications has led to the development of many technologies that enable their production, both on the client and server side. This article attempts to compare three most popular server-side frameworks – Django, Spring Boot and Express. Each of the selected technologies is based on a different programming language. These frameworks were compared in terms of request processing time and reliability. Within the conducted research three backend applications handling HTTP requests were created, all of them using the same database consisting of employees’ data. Afterwards, a series of load tests was performed to determine levels of efficiency and reliability of created applications for various numbers of virtual users sending requests to the server at the same time. Five test cases with the following number of requests: 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 16000 were planned and performed for each type of HTTP requests handled by the server simultaneously. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the Spring Boot framework was the best in terms of request processing time and high reliability. However, it was noted that for many test cases under extreme load, it had a significantly higher percentage of incorrectly processed requests compared to the Express application, even though the application was noticeably slower. The worst results were observed for Django because the test application created for this framework revealed the longest requests processing time and the highest error rate during processing requests out of the three tested applications. The performed studies helped to determine the efficiency and reliability of the tested technologies at various levels of load. Furthermore, the studies were crucial in obtaining knowledge about the evaluated frameworks as well as their properties and formulating conclusions that will be able to help the developers choose technologies before the implementation of their programming projects.
{"title":"THE EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY OF BACKEND TECHNOLOGIES: EXPRESS, DJANGO, AND SPRING BOOT","authors":"Dominik Choma, Kinga Chwaleba, M. Dzieńkowski","doi":"10.35784/iapgos.4279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.4279","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing popularity of web applications has led to the development of many technologies that enable their production, both on the client and server side. This article attempts to compare three most popular server-side frameworks – Django, Spring Boot and Express. Each of the selected technologies is based on a different programming language. These frameworks were compared in terms of request processing time and reliability. Within the conducted research three backend applications handling HTTP requests were created, all of them using the same database consisting of employees’ data. Afterwards, a series of load tests was performed to determine levels of efficiency and reliability of created applications for various numbers of virtual users sending requests to the server at the same time. Five test cases with the following number of requests: 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 16000 were planned and performed for each type of HTTP requests handled by the server simultaneously. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the Spring Boot framework was the best in terms of request processing time and high reliability. However, it was noted that for many test cases under extreme load, it had a significantly higher percentage of incorrectly processed requests compared to the Express application, even though the application was noticeably slower. The worst results were observed for Django because the test application created for this framework revealed the longest requests processing time and the highest error rate during processing requests out of the three tested applications. The performed studies helped to determine the efficiency and reliability of the tested technologies at various levels of load. Furthermore, the studies were crucial in obtaining knowledge about the evaluated frameworks as well as their properties and formulating conclusions that will be able to help the developers choose technologies before the implementation of their programming projects.","PeriodicalId":504633,"journal":{"name":"Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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