Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1038-1048
O. Voronina, S. Zaitsev, A. Savina, N. Kolesnik
The purpose of the research was to study the content of ceruloplasmin, copper and copper-coordinating amino acids (in the molecule of the studied protein) in the milk of white-and- black cows at different periods of lactation. The research methods were: modified method for determining ceruloplasmin by Revin; copper was determined using a ZEEnit 650 P atomic adsorption spectrometer (Analytik Jena AG, Germany), amino acid analysis was performed using a highly efficient LC-20 Prominence liquid chromatography system (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a reaction module for post-column derivatization with ninhydrin ARM-1000 (Sevko & Co., Moscow, Russia). The study groups were formed depending on the timing of lactation: 1-2 months – group 1; 3-5 months – group 2; 6-7 months – group 3; 8-9 months – group 4. Each group included 8 animals. The Mann-Whitney U criterion and Pearson correlations were used for statistical processing of the obtained results. The average values of ceruloplasmin levels in the groups were 0.44-0.49 mg/ml, copper 71-83 mcg/l, histidine 0.11-013 g/100g, cysteine 0.03 g/100g and methionine 0.09-0.11 g/100g. In these 4 groups, small differences were found in the content of ceruloplasmin, copper and three amino acids, but only for the second and fourth groups of histidine, these differences were significant. Thus, the indicated intervals of ceruloplasmin and copper content can serve as important guidelines for determining the "reference intervals" for cow milk in general, while it is not necessary to take into account different lactation periods.
{"title":"Evaluation of the content of ceruloplasmin, copper and coppercoordinating amino acids in cow milk at different lactation periods","authors":"O. Voronina, S. Zaitsev, A. Savina, N. Kolesnik","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1038-1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1038-1048","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to study the content of ceruloplasmin, copper and copper-coordinating amino acids (in the molecule of the studied protein) in the milk of white-and- black cows at different periods of lactation. The research methods were: modified method for determining ceruloplasmin by Revin; copper was determined using a ZEEnit 650 P atomic adsorption spectrometer (Analytik Jena AG, Germany), amino acid analysis was performed using a highly efficient LC-20 Prominence liquid chromatography system (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a reaction module for post-column derivatization with ninhydrin ARM-1000 (Sevko & Co., Moscow, Russia). The study groups were formed depending on the timing of lactation: 1-2 months – group 1; 3-5 months – group 2; 6-7 months – group 3; 8-9 months – group 4. Each group included 8 animals. The Mann-Whitney U criterion and Pearson correlations were used for statistical processing of the obtained results. The average values of ceruloplasmin levels in the groups were 0.44-0.49 mg/ml, copper 71-83 mcg/l, histidine 0.11-013 g/100g, cysteine 0.03 g/100g and methionine 0.09-0.11 g/100g. In these 4 groups, small differences were found in the content of ceruloplasmin, copper and three amino acids, but only for the second and fourth groups of histidine, these differences were significant. Thus, the indicated intervals of ceruloplasmin and copper content can serve as important guidelines for determining the \"reference intervals\" for cow milk in general, while it is not necessary to take into account different lactation periods.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"895 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1049-1056
A. I. Burkov, A. L. Gluhkov, V. A. Lazukin, V. Mokiev
The article provides information about the features of the device, the quality of work of the prototype of a new 25...30 % more productive clover grater and scarifier KS-0.3 P in comparison with the analogue KS-0.2 P. KS-0.3P includes a drum-type wiping and scarifying device, a pneumatic separation device, a two-stage exhaust air purification system containing a cyclone and a fabric filter. The increase in the productivity of the new machine is achieved by increasing the diameter of the drum with a solid wiping surface to 0.45 m and the length of the oval deck with scarifying plates to 0.7 m. The solid grating surface of the drum is welded from steel rods of hexagonal profile No. 12 mounted on an edge. The deck covering the drum from below by 180° is made of round bars with a diameter of 10 mm and nine steel plates with a thickness of 2 mm and a width of 11 mm, evenly distributed along the length of the deck. When studying the technological process of clover grater and scarifier the method of mathematic planning of the experiment was used. The quality of scarification done was evaluated using the GOST 12038-84, GOST 12036-85 methodologies and additionally introduced indicator of variation of the number of germinated seeds. The material supply was regulated by the degree of opening of the flap in the loading hopper in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 t/h. The rotation frequency of the drum was changed by a frequency converter from 550 to 650 min-1. Eastern galega seeds met GOST 52325-2005 requirements. The experiments were carried out in three-fold repetition. As a result of an experimental study of the KS-0.3P cloverworm-scarifier during the scarification of the seeds of the Eastern galega, the ranges of the optimal drum rotation speed of 550... 650 min-1 and the material supply of 0.3... 0.4 t / h were determined, when the specified agrotechnical indicators were provided: the degree of scarification not less than 95.0 % and crushing not more than 1.5 %.
{"title":"Determination of the optimal modes of operation of the clover grater and scarifier KS-0.3 P during scarification","authors":"A. I. Burkov, A. L. Gluhkov, V. A. Lazukin, V. Mokiev","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1049-1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1049-1056","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides information about the features of the device, the quality of work of the prototype of a new 25...30 % more productive clover grater and scarifier KS-0.3 P in comparison with the analogue KS-0.2 P. KS-0.3P includes a drum-type wiping and scarifying device, a pneumatic separation device, a two-stage exhaust air purification system containing a cyclone and a fabric filter. The increase in the productivity of the new machine is achieved by increasing the diameter of the drum with a solid wiping surface to 0.45 m and the length of the oval deck with scarifying plates to 0.7 m. The solid grating surface of the drum is welded from steel rods of hexagonal profile No. 12 mounted on an edge. The deck covering the drum from below by 180° is made of round bars with a diameter of 10 mm and nine steel plates with a thickness of 2 mm and a width of 11 mm, evenly distributed along the length of the deck. When studying the technological process of clover grater and scarifier the method of mathematic planning of the experiment was used. The quality of scarification done was evaluated using the GOST 12038-84, GOST 12036-85 methodologies and additionally introduced indicator of variation of the number of germinated seeds. The material supply was regulated by the degree of opening of the flap in the loading hopper in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 t/h. The rotation frequency of the drum was changed by a frequency converter from 550 to 650 min-1. Eastern galega seeds met GOST 52325-2005 requirements. The experiments were carried out in three-fold repetition. As a result of an experimental study of the KS-0.3P cloverworm-scarifier during the scarification of the seeds of the Eastern galega, the ranges of the optimal drum rotation speed of 550... 650 min-1 and the material supply of 0.3... 0.4 t / h were determined, when the specified agrotechnical indicators were provided: the degree of scarification not less than 95.0 % and crushing not more than 1.5 %.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"883 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.999-1006
A. Shirokikh
Fungi of the genus Cordyceps Fr. (1818) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) are widely distributed throughout the world, many species are cosmopolitan. Cordyceps are known as entomopathogenic fungi that infect caterpillars and pupae of insects. The fruit bodies of Chinese cordyceps Ophiocordyceps sinensis (synonym Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc) are also well known for their pharmacological effects and are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. This species has a limited distribution and, due to the huge demand, its resources are rapidly depleted in the wild due to uncontrolled fees. In addition, O. sinensis is difficult to cultivate artificially. Another entomopathogenic species of fungus, Cordyceps militaris, has a chemical composition and properties similar to those of O. sinensis, but, unlike O. sinensis, it is easier to be grown artificially in mycelial culture. In this regard, the study of the distribution and occurrence of the fungus Cordyceps militaris has now acquired exceptional relevance. The article presents data on the first sporadic records of Cordyceps militaris fungus, which has unique biological properties, in the Kirov region. The ecological strategy of the population of this species, the peculiarities of its distribution and population fluctuations in Russia are discussed. The question is considered why, with the wide distribution of this species, it is considered rare and even included in the Red Books of individual regions. C. militaris found in the northern part of the Kirov region was isolated into pure culture (strain T1) for artificial cultivation and study of physiological and biochemical properties. The expediency of including natural cordyceps isolates obtained by introduction into mycelial culture in mycological collection funds is substantiated, since artificial cultivation of the fungus is of obvious interest for the development of biotechnologies in medicine, veterinary medicine, crop production and plant protection.
冬虫夏草属真菌（Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae）广泛分布于世界各地，许多种类是世界性的。冬虫夏草被称为昆虫病原真菌，可感染昆虫的毛虫和蛹。中国冬虫夏草的子实体 Ophiocordyceps sinensis（异名 Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc）也因其药理作用而闻名，被广泛用于传统中药治疗多种疾病。该物种分布范围有限，由于需求量巨大，其野生资源因乱收费而迅速枯竭。此外，O. sinensis 难以人工栽培。另一种昆虫病原真菌冬虫夏草的化学成分和特性与冬虫夏草相似，但与冬虫夏草不同的是，冬虫夏草更容易进行人工菌丝培养。因此，研究冬虫夏草真菌的分布和发生现在已变得格外重要。文章介绍了基洛夫地区具有独特生物特性的冬虫夏草真菌的首次零星记录数据。文章讨论了该物种在俄罗斯的种群生态战略、分布特点和种群波动。还探讨了为什么该物种分布广泛，却被视为稀有物种，甚至被列入个别地区的红皮书。在基洛夫地区北部发现的 C. militaris 被分离成纯培养物（菌株 T1），用于人工栽培和生理生化特性研究。将通过引入菌丝培养获得的天然冬虫夏草分离物纳入真菌学收藏基金的适宜性得到了证实，因为人工栽培真菌对于医学、兽医学、作物生产和植物保护领域生物技术的发展具有明显的意义。
{"title":"Records of pharmacologically valuable ascomycete fungus Cordyceps militaris (L) Fr. in the Kirov region","authors":"A. Shirokikh","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.999-1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.999-1006","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi of the genus Cordyceps Fr. (1818) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) are widely distributed throughout the world, many species are cosmopolitan. Cordyceps are known as entomopathogenic fungi that infect caterpillars and pupae of insects. The fruit bodies of Chinese cordyceps Ophiocordyceps sinensis (synonym Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc) are also well known for their pharmacological effects and are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. This species has a limited distribution and, due to the huge demand, its resources are rapidly depleted in the wild due to uncontrolled fees. In addition, O. sinensis is difficult to cultivate artificially. Another entomopathogenic species of fungus, Cordyceps militaris, has a chemical composition and properties similar to those of O. sinensis, but, unlike O. sinensis, it is easier to be grown artificially in mycelial culture. In this regard, the study of the distribution and occurrence of the fungus Cordyceps militaris has now acquired exceptional relevance. The article presents data on the first sporadic records of Cordyceps militaris fungus, which has unique biological properties, in the Kirov region. The ecological strategy of the population of this species, the peculiarities of its distribution and population fluctuations in Russia are discussed. The question is considered why, with the wide distribution of this species, it is considered rare and even included in the Red Books of individual regions. C. militaris found in the northern part of the Kirov region was isolated into pure culture (strain T1) for artificial cultivation and study of physiological and biochemical properties. The expediency of including natural cordyceps isolates obtained by introduction into mycelial culture in mycological collection funds is substantiated, since artificial cultivation of the fungus is of obvious interest for the development of biotechnologies in medicine, veterinary medicine, crop production and plant protection.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"1583 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1029-1037
E. Fedorova, O. Stanishevskaya
The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the resistance of chicks from hatching to the age of 3 weeks to infectious diseases by technological methods. Dosed low-temperature exposure to the embryo during the sensitive period of early embryogenesis was proposed as an impact factor; influenza vaccine virus was used as a test virus for experimental infection of embryos. It was found that in the embryos after cooling, the titer of the virus was significantly lower by 1.5-12.0 times (p<0.001) compared with the control. This fact indicates a decrease in the replicative activity of viral strains in embryos of this group. In chicken embryos of Russian Snow-White breed after cooling, there was a decrease in the infectious activity of the influenza A virus by 11.5 %, as well as a decrease in the infectious activity of the infectious bronchitis virus by 3.6-6.9 %, depending on the breed of the embryos. The level of chick resistance in the experimental group to diseases of bacterial etiology was also higher, as evidenced by the higher safety of 3-week-old chicks (0.8-1.1 % higher than in the control) and a higher bursa index in 12-day-old chicks (8.5-9.0 % higher than in the control). The hatchability of eggs of the experimental group was also 4.5 % higher than in the control. The effects obtained as a result of hypothermic exposure during this sensitive period of embryogenesis can be explained by inducing the production of heat and cold shock proteins by the embryo, which, in turn, activate innate antiviral reactions caused by major histocompatibility complex. However, this issue requires additional study with the involvement of molecular genetics methods, since the supposed mechanisms that cause an increase in resistance in response to low-temperature exposure in early ontogenesis need to be confirmed.
{"title":"Low-temperature exposure in early embryogenesis as a way of increasing the resistance of chicks to infectious diseases","authors":"E. Fedorova, O. Stanishevskaya","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1029-1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1029-1037","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the resistance of chicks from hatching to the age of 3 weeks to infectious diseases by technological methods. Dosed low-temperature exposure to the embryo during the sensitive period of early embryogenesis was proposed as an impact factor; influenza vaccine virus was used as a test virus for experimental infection of embryos. It was found that in the embryos after cooling, the titer of the virus was significantly lower by 1.5-12.0 times (p<0.001) compared with the control. This fact indicates a decrease in the replicative activity of viral strains in embryos of this group. In chicken embryos of Russian Snow-White breed after cooling, there was a decrease in the infectious activity of the influenza A virus by 11.5 %, as well as a decrease in the infectious activity of the infectious bronchitis virus by 3.6-6.9 %, depending on the breed of the embryos. The level of chick resistance in the experimental group to diseases of bacterial etiology was also higher, as evidenced by the higher safety of 3-week-old chicks (0.8-1.1 % higher than in the control) and a higher bursa index in 12-day-old chicks (8.5-9.0 % higher than in the control). The hatchability of eggs of the experimental group was also 4.5 % higher than in the control. The effects obtained as a result of hypothermic exposure during this sensitive period of embryogenesis can be explained by inducing the production of heat and cold shock proteins by the embryo, which, in turn, activate innate antiviral reactions caused by major histocompatibility complex. However, this issue requires additional study with the involvement of molecular genetics methods, since the supposed mechanisms that cause an increase in resistance in response to low-temperature exposure in early ontogenesis need to be confirmed.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"229 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.989-998
E. P. Shanina, G. A. Lihodeevskiy
The yield of potatoes and other crops is influenced by many factors, one of the most important is the complex condition of the soil. Soil research more often focuses on the determination of its physical and chemical properties, but rarely takes into account the bacterial community and its diversity. In this work, the bacterial microbiota of soils cultivated with potato was evaluated. Using metabarcoding and full-fragment sequencing of the 16S rRNA site, by nanopore sequencing, primary screening of the bacterial community of fields in three administrative districts of the Sverdlovsk region: the city of Yekaterinburg, Beloyarsky and Sysertsky districts was carried out in 2022. As a result, 2371 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified to the species level. More than half of the relative bacterial abundance is occupied by the phylum Proteobacteria. Three orders represent more than one-third of the total bacterial community: Burkholderiales, Hyphomicrobiales, and Acidobacteriales. The most common bacterial genera in cultivated agricultural soils of the Sverdlovsk region are Bradyrhizobium, Massilia, Gaiella, Sphingomonas, Lysobacter and Gemmatimonas. The obtained results of alpha- and beta-diversity analysis allow us to conclude that, despite the statistically significant difference in the number of detected OTUs between some fields, there is no difference in their diversity by study objects in the administrative districts of the Sverdlovsk region.
{"title":"Bacterial community of agricultural soils used for potato cultivation in Sverdlovsk region","authors":"E. P. Shanina, G. A. Lihodeevskiy","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.989-998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.989-998","url":null,"abstract":"The yield of potatoes and other crops is influenced by many factors, one of the most important is the complex condition of the soil. Soil research more often focuses on the determination of its physical and chemical properties, but rarely takes into account the bacterial community and its diversity. In this work, the bacterial microbiota of soils cultivated with potato was evaluated. Using metabarcoding and full-fragment sequencing of the 16S rRNA site, by nanopore sequencing, primary screening of the bacterial community of fields in three administrative districts of the Sverdlovsk region: the city of Yekaterinburg, Beloyarsky and Sysertsky districts was carried out in 2022. As a result, 2371 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified to the species level. More than half of the relative bacterial abundance is occupied by the phylum Proteobacteria. Three orders represent more than one-third of the total bacterial community: Burkholderiales, Hyphomicrobiales, and Acidobacteriales. The most common bacterial genera in cultivated agricultural soils of the Sverdlovsk region are Bradyrhizobium, Massilia, Gaiella, Sphingomonas, Lysobacter and Gemmatimonas. The obtained results of alpha- and beta-diversity analysis allow us to conclude that, despite the statistically significant difference in the number of detected OTUs between some fields, there is no difference in their diversity by study objects in the administrative districts of the Sverdlovsk region.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"875 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1067-1076
G. N. Nikonova
The article presents the results of research into the characteristics of the institutional environment of land relations in the agricultural sector under the influence of such institutions as the state and property, which determine the current model of land use. Among the selected elements of the institutional environment, the formation and negative consequences of the institution of land shares are considered in more detail – a kind of “institutional trap”, the influence of which is still difficult to overcome. The negative effect of consolidating this undesirable institution is shown, which has led to the preservation to this day of a large proportion of ownerless agricultural land, as well as other negative processes during their use. For example, by the beginning of January 2022, more than 40 % of the land area of collective and state farms, distributed among rural residents in the 90s, was in common shared ownership. Moreover, the area of land shares in the status of unclaimed reached over 11 million hectares, despite the fairly active activity of local governments in this matter. It is noted that one of the modern characteristics and consequences of the institutional environment is the presence of more than 30 million hectares of unused agricultural land, including due to unfavorable rent relations. A conclusion is drawn about the great role of digitalization as a critical element in improving the institutional environment, primarily based on the formation of the necessary database of complete and reliable data on land resources. It has been determined that the solution to the large-scale tasks set for the development of the agricultural sector and the return of abandoned land to circulation will help overcome the negative impact of dysfunctional institutions. Hence the importance in the implementation of priority directions of state agricultural policy of such principles as involvement and partnership, differentiation, systematic measures and strategies.
{"title":"Features of the modern institutional environment of land relations in the agricultural sector","authors":"G. N. Nikonova","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1067-1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1067-1076","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research into the characteristics of the institutional environment of land relations in the agricultural sector under the influence of such institutions as the state and property, which determine the current model of land use. Among the selected elements of the institutional environment, the formation and negative consequences of the institution of land shares are considered in more detail – a kind of “institutional trap”, the influence of which is still difficult to overcome. The negative effect of consolidating this undesirable institution is shown, which has led to the preservation to this day of a large proportion of ownerless agricultural land, as well as other negative processes during their use. For example, by the beginning of January 2022, more than 40 % of the land area of collective and state farms, distributed among rural residents in the 90s, was in common shared ownership. Moreover, the area of land shares in the status of unclaimed reached over 11 million hectares, despite the fairly active activity of local governments in this matter. It is noted that one of the modern characteristics and consequences of the institutional environment is the presence of more than 30 million hectares of unused agricultural land, including due to unfavorable rent relations. A conclusion is drawn about the great role of digitalization as a critical element in improving the institutional environment, primarily based on the formation of the necessary database of complete and reliable data on land resources. It has been determined that the solution to the large-scale tasks set for the development of the agricultural sector and the return of abandoned land to circulation will help overcome the negative impact of dysfunctional institutions. Hence the importance in the implementation of priority directions of state agricultural policy of such principles as involvement and partnership, differentiation, systematic measures and strategies.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"1507 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1057-1066
E. L. Pashin, A. V. Orlov
The article presents a method of measuring bending rigidity of flax fiber during high-speed bending. This method is an important part of the effort to reduce the dependency on imported cotton. Unlike the standardized testing methods, the suggested approach closer imitates the conditions present during fiber processing and exploitation of fiber products. For evaluation of bending rigidity of flax fiber during high-speed bending there was used the scheme of loading (meeting the factors of Eule – Bernoulli theory) of a sample fixed in a cantilevered way with the following determination of the work done by bending and deformation by interaction with impact pendulum. The value of sample deformation was determined on the basis of the control of moments of the time of angle velocities deformation which took place by operating movement (during the tests) and free movement of the pendulum. The specific feature of determining the time of deformation were more precise calculations: of angle velocity of the pendulum considering the force of resistance to its free movement; of pendulum motion periods at different stages of its movement during its interaction with the sample; of the time of starting and finishing the interaction by sample bending using the method of dichotomy by approximation of angle velocity values; of angle velocity variation at different stages of its movement during its interaction with the sample. These more precise calculations has become the basis of generalized algorithm for determining the bending deformation by interaction with impact pendulum, done by electronic calculator. A hardware-software complex has been created that employs this algorithm to measure and visualize both sample deformation and pendulum energy loss, as well as angular velocity of the pendulum. A comparison of different kinds of natural bast fibers has been performed – specifically, flax, nettle and hemp. The bending rigidity of these samples has been determined to be 1.42, 2.53 and 6.45 newton‧mm2 accordingly. These differences match the well-known properties of those materials.
{"title":"Testing flax fibers using high-speed bending","authors":"E. L. Pashin, A. V. Orlov","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1057-1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1057-1066","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a method of measuring bending rigidity of flax fiber during high-speed bending. This method is an important part of the effort to reduce the dependency on imported cotton. Unlike the standardized testing methods, the suggested approach closer imitates the conditions present during fiber processing and exploitation of fiber products. For evaluation of bending rigidity of flax fiber during high-speed bending there was used the scheme of loading (meeting the factors of Eule – Bernoulli theory) of a sample fixed in a cantilevered way with the following determination of the work done by bending and deformation by interaction with impact pendulum. The value of sample deformation was determined on the basis of the control of moments of the time of angle velocities deformation which took place by operating movement (during the tests) and free movement of the pendulum. The specific feature of determining the time of deformation were more precise calculations: of angle velocity of the pendulum considering the force of resistance to its free movement; of pendulum motion periods at different stages of its movement during its interaction with the sample; of the time of starting and finishing the interaction by sample bending using the method of dichotomy by approximation of angle velocity values; of angle velocity variation at different stages of its movement during its interaction with the sample. These more precise calculations has become the basis of generalized algorithm for determining the bending deformation by interaction with impact pendulum, done by electronic calculator. A hardware-software complex has been created that employs this algorithm to measure and visualize both sample deformation and pendulum energy loss, as well as angular velocity of the pendulum. A comparison of different kinds of natural bast fibers has been performed – specifically, flax, nettle and hemp. The bending rigidity of these samples has been determined to be 1.42, 2.53 and 6.45 newton‧mm2 accordingly. These differences match the well-known properties of those materials.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.958-968
S. S. Pislegina, S. А. Chetvertnykh
In 2015-2021, 58 collection pea variety samples of various morphotypes and ecological and geographical origin were studied in the field and laboratory conditions of the Falenky Breeding Station (Kirov region) in order to identify sources of breeding valuable traits for the creation of new varieties. For leafy morphotype samples the Krasnoufimskij 93 variety was taken as standard, for leafless morphotype – Falyonskyj usatyj. According to meteorological conditions, the years of the research contrastingly differed: the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) ranged from 0.82 (2016) to 2.57 (2019). The highest yield on average for the collection was formed in 2015 (HTC = 1.59) – 358±15 g/m2), the lowest in 2021 (HTC = 0.84) – 126±4 g/m2. The studied set of variety samples was mainly represented by medium-ripened (70-75 days on the average over the years of the research), medium-productive (201-250 g/m2) samples with a seed size of 150-250 g. There have been identified genotypes that exceeded the grain yield of standard varieties by 10% or more: Tigra (Germany) – 353 g/m2, Stabil (Austria) – 336 g/m2, Vyatich (Russia) – 308 g/m2, Flora (Russia) – 286 g/m2, G-21594 (Russia) – 283 g/m2, etc. Variety samples with high indicators of productivity elements have been identified. The highest number of fertile nodes (4.4-4.6 pcs.) was noted in leafy samples Verkholuzskaya, Ryabchik (Russia), Segio (the USA); the number of beans (6.0-6.1 pcs.) – in G-21594, Vyatich (Russia.), Ps var vittelinum – (Germany); the number of grains (24.1-27.1 pcs.) – in the variety Verkholuzskaya, G-21594, D-13560 (Russia). A higher seed productivity (5.2-5.6 g) was noted both in leafy morphotypes Grana (the USA), Omega (Moldova) and in leafless morphotype Stabil (Austria). It was found that the studied genotypes had high variability in grain yield, the number of fertile nodes, beans and grains per plant, the mass of 1000 seeds changed slightly. The statistically significant influence of the duration of the growing season on the number of fertile nodes (r = 0.27...0.60) and the number of beans per plant (r = 0.26...0.61) was established.
{"title":"Results of the study of collection pea variety samples (Pisum sativum L.) according to agronomic traits","authors":"S. S. Pislegina, S. А. Chetvertnykh","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.958-968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.958-968","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015-2021, 58 collection pea variety samples of various morphotypes and ecological and geographical origin were studied in the field and laboratory conditions of the Falenky Breeding Station (Kirov region) in order to identify sources of breeding valuable traits for the creation of new varieties. For leafy morphotype samples the Krasnoufimskij 93 variety was taken as standard, for leafless morphotype – Falyonskyj usatyj. According to meteorological conditions, the years of the research contrastingly differed: the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) ranged from 0.82 (2016) to 2.57 (2019). The highest yield on average for the collection was formed in 2015 (HTC = 1.59) – 358±15 g/m2), the lowest in 2021 (HTC = 0.84) – 126±4 g/m2. The studied set of variety samples was mainly represented by medium-ripened (70-75 days on the average over the years of the research), medium-productive (201-250 g/m2) samples with a seed size of 150-250 g. There have been identified genotypes that exceeded the grain yield of standard varieties by 10% or more: Tigra (Germany) – 353 g/m2, Stabil (Austria) – 336 g/m2, Vyatich (Russia) – 308 g/m2, Flora (Russia) – 286 g/m2, G-21594 (Russia) – 283 g/m2, etc. Variety samples with high indicators of productivity elements have been identified. The highest number of fertile nodes (4.4-4.6 pcs.) was noted in leafy samples Verkholuzskaya, Ryabchik (Russia), Segio (the USA); the number of beans (6.0-6.1 pcs.) – in G-21594, Vyatich (Russia.), Ps var vittelinum – (Germany); the number of grains (24.1-27.1 pcs.) – in the variety Verkholuzskaya, G-21594, D-13560 (Russia). A higher seed productivity (5.2-5.6 g) was noted both in leafy morphotypes Grana (the USA), Omega (Moldova) and in leafless morphotype Stabil (Austria). It was found that the studied genotypes had high variability in grain yield, the number of fertile nodes, beans and grains per plant, the mass of 1000 seeds changed slightly. The statistically significant influence of the duration of the growing season on the number of fertile nodes (r = 0.27...0.60) and the number of beans per plant (r = 0.26...0.61) was established.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"830 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.980-988
T. Rozhmina, A. V. Myasnikova
Oil flax seeds are valuable raw material for various industries. The purpose of the research was to form a genetic collection of oil flax for resistance to Fusarium wilt in order to create specialized varieties for various purposes with highly effective R-genes. On infectious backgrounds from populations of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. lini (Bolley) and highly virulent monoisolate No 39 of this pathogens, 28 promising genotypes of oilseed flax were assessed. Using a phytopathological test from the world gene pool of the species Linum usitatissimum L. 10 promising oil flax genotypes were identified – No. 3829, Uralsky (Russia), l. 6 AGT 1538, l. 12 AGT 987 (Czech Republic), Altess, Eole (France), Selectiong 3 (China), Arnu, Bison (USA) and Linda (Canada), which have effective resistance genes to the fungus F. oxysporum f. lini, differing in the fatty acid composition of the oil. Using the method of hybridological analysis, it has been established that resistance to Fusarium wilt in the low linolenic line l. 12 AGT 987 (Czech Republic) is determined by the Fu 11 gene, while in the high linolenic l. 3 Altess (France) it is Fu 4 (χ2 = 0.02…2.89). In the low linolenic line l. 6 AGT 1538 (Czech Republic) a previously unknown gene for resistance to this disease – Fu 12 was identified (χ2 = 0.0001…2.4100). The use of identified genetic sources in breeding programs will contribute to the creation of specialized varieties for the food, chemical and other industries with various R-genes of resistance, which will prevent the development of epiphytoties of this disease on oil flax.
油亚麻种子是各种工业的宝贵原料。这项研究的目的是建立油用亚麻抗镰刀菌枯萎病的基因库，以便培育出具有高效 R 基因的各种专用品种。在真菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. lini (Bolley) 和该病原体的高致病单体 No 39 的感染背景下，对 28 个有潜力的油用亚麻基因型进行了评估。通过从世界亚麻物种基因库中进行植物病理学测试，确定了 10 种有前景的油用亚麻基因型--3829 号、Uralsky（俄罗斯）、l. 6 AGT 1538、l. 12 AGT 987（捷克共和国）、Altess、Eole（法国）、Selectiong 3（中国）、Arnu、Bison（美国）和 Linda（加拿大），这些基因型对 F. oxysporum f. lini 真菌具有有效的抗性基因，但油的脂肪酸组成不同。12 AGT 987（捷克共和国）对镰刀菌枯萎病的抗性是由 Fu 11 基因决定的，而在高亚麻酸的 l. 3 Altess（法国）中则是由 Fu 4 基因决定的（χ2 = 0.02...2.89）。在低亚麻酸品系 l. 6 AGT 1538（捷克共和国）中，发现了一个以前未知的抗病基因--Fu 12（χ2 = 0.0001...2.4100）。在育种计划中使用已确定的基因来源将有助于为食品、化工和其他行业培育出具有各种抗性 R 基因的专用品种，从而防止该病在油用亚麻上的附生。
{"title":"Identification of resistance genes to Fusarium wilt in oil flax samples with different fatty acid composition","authors":"T. Rozhmina, A. V. Myasnikova","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.980-988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.980-988","url":null,"abstract":"Oil flax seeds are valuable raw material for various industries. The purpose of the research was to form a genetic collection of oil flax for resistance to Fusarium wilt in order to create specialized varieties for various purposes with highly effective R-genes. On infectious backgrounds from populations of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. lini (Bolley) and highly virulent monoisolate No 39 of this pathogens, 28 promising genotypes of oilseed flax were assessed. Using a phytopathological test from the world gene pool of the species Linum usitatissimum L. 10 promising oil flax genotypes were identified – No. 3829, Uralsky (Russia), l. 6 AGT 1538, l. 12 AGT 987 (Czech Republic), Altess, Eole (France), Selectiong 3 (China), Arnu, Bison (USA) and Linda (Canada), which have effective resistance genes to the fungus F. oxysporum f. lini, differing in the fatty acid composition of the oil. Using the method of hybridological analysis, it has been established that resistance to Fusarium wilt in the low linolenic line l. 12 AGT 987 (Czech Republic) is determined by the Fu 11 gene, while in the high linolenic l. 3 Altess (France) it is Fu 4 (χ2 = 0.02…2.89). In the low linolenic line l. 6 AGT 1538 (Czech Republic) a previously unknown gene for resistance to this disease – Fu 12 was identified (χ2 = 0.0001…2.4100). The use of identified genetic sources in breeding programs will contribute to the creation of specialized varieties for the food, chemical and other industries with various R-genes of resistance, which will prevent the development of epiphytoties of this disease on oil flax.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.949-957
O. Zhuikova, G. A. Batalova
The research was carried out in 2020-2022 in the central part of the Kirov region, under varying weather conditions. In the nursery of the competitive variety testing, 3 varieties and 8 lines of hulled oats were studied in order to analyze their adaptive ability according to the elements of the productivity structure. Varieties and lines were characterized based on the sum of the ranks of the evaluation results according to the methods of S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Rassel (1966), N. A. Plokhinsky (1961), L. A. Zhivotkov et al. (1994), A. A. Rosielle and J. Hamblin (1981). There was a direct statistically significant effect of the mass of 1000 grains, the mass of grain from the panicle, the number of grains in the panicle on the yield (r = 0.62…0.85). The formation of the elements of the productivity structure depended on the hydrothermal conditions of individual periods of vegetation (r = 0.63…0.72). The method of two-factor analysis of variance revealed that the influence of the "year" factor on the elements of the productivity structure was more significant (33.7...64.3 %) than the "grade" factor (8.5...24.6 %). There have been identified lines and varieties able to form consistently high yields in contrasting weather conditions due to certain structural elements or their combined influence. A high adaptive capacity with a minimum amount of ranks was obtained by the number of spikelets in the 41h18 line (Σranks = 17), varieties Kirovsky 2 (Σranks = 14); by the number of grains in the panicle and by the weight of grains from the panicle – line 41h18 (Σranks = 14 and 15); by the weight of 1000 grains – lines 25h18, 91h18, 41h18, 50h18, 162h15 (Σranks = 21…27), varieties Medved’ and Kirovsky 2 (Σranks = 18…22). According to the total lowest sum of ranks (71...97), the Kirovsky grade 2, promising lines 25h18 and 41h18 have been identified.
研究于 2020-2022 年在基洛夫地区中部不同气候条件下进行。在品种竞争试验苗圃中，对 3 个带壳燕麦品种和 8 个品系进行了研究，以便根据生产力结构要素分析其适应能力。按照 S. A. Eberhart、W. A. Rassel (1966)、N. A. Plokhinsky (1961)、L. A. Zhivotkov 等人 (1994)、A. A. Rosielle 和 J. Hamblin (1981) 的方法，根据评价结果的等级总和对品种和品系进行了定性。据统计，1000 粒谷粒的质量、圆锥花序中谷粒的质量、圆锥花序中谷粒的数量对产量有直接的显著影响（r = 0.62...0.85）。生产力结构要素的形成取决于各个植被时期的水热条件（r = 0.63...0.72）。双因素方差分析法显示，"年份 "因素对生产力结构要素的影响（33.7...64.3%）比 "等级 "因素（8.5...24.6%）更为显著。由于某些结构要素或这些要素的综合影响，已经发现一些品系和品种能够在不同的气候条件下保持稳定的高产。41h18 品系的小穗数（Σranks = 17）、基洛夫斯基 2 号品种（Σranks = 14）以最小的级数获得了较高的适应能力；按圆锥花序粒数和圆锥花序粒重计算 - 41h18 品系（Σranks = 14 和 15）；按 1000 粒重计算 - 25h18、91h18、41h18、50h18、162h15 品系（Σranks = 21......27），品种 Medved'和 Kirovsky 2（Σranks = 18...22）。根据最低等级总和（71...97），确定了 Kirovsky 2 级、25h18 和 41h18 有前途的品系。
{"title":"Analysis of adaptability of oat varieties and lines by productivity elements in the conditions of Kirov region","authors":"O. Zhuikova, G. A. Batalova","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.949-957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.949-957","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in 2020-2022 in the central part of the Kirov region, under varying weather conditions. In the nursery of the competitive variety testing, 3 varieties and 8 lines of hulled oats were studied in order to analyze their adaptive ability according to the elements of the productivity structure. Varieties and lines were characterized based on the sum of the ranks of the evaluation results according to the methods of S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Rassel (1966), N. A. Plokhinsky (1961), L. A. Zhivotkov et al. (1994), A. A. Rosielle and J. Hamblin (1981). There was a direct statistically significant effect of the mass of 1000 grains, the mass of grain from the panicle, the number of grains in the panicle on the yield (r = 0.62…0.85). The formation of the elements of the productivity structure depended on the hydrothermal conditions of individual periods of vegetation (r = 0.63…0.72). The method of two-factor analysis of variance revealed that the influence of the \"year\" factor on the elements of the productivity structure was more significant (33.7...64.3 %) than the \"grade\" factor (8.5...24.6 %). There have been identified lines and varieties able to form consistently high yields in contrasting weather conditions due to certain structural elements or their combined influence. A high adaptive capacity with a minimum amount of ranks was obtained by the number of spikelets in the 41h18 line (Σranks = 17), varieties Kirovsky 2 (Σranks = 14); by the number of grains in the panicle and by the weight of grains from the panicle – line 41h18 (Σranks = 14 and 15); by the weight of 1000 grains – lines 25h18, 91h18, 41h18, 50h18, 162h15 (Σranks = 21…27), varieties Medved’ and Kirovsky 2 (Σranks = 18…22). According to the total lowest sum of ranks (71...97), the Kirovsky grade 2, promising lines 25h18 and 41h18 have been identified.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"904 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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