Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.43-52
A. Shpanev
The results of the long term (2012–2018) study of weed infestation of green fallow fields with narrow-leaved lupin in the crop rotation including cereals, grasses and row crops in the North-West region of Russia (Leningrad region) are presented. The assessment of weediness in the narrow-leaved lupine variety Oligarch crops was carried out annually at 24 permanent survey sites (0.1 square meter). Based on the results of the surveys, the formation of a diverse and constant species composition of weeds (from 15 to 25 species), mainly of medium and severe degree of weediness (141–593 specimens per square meter), with the proportion of young plants ranging from 90.4 to 99.7 %. The mass species of weeds were lamb’s quarters, field pansy, corn spurry, hemp-nettles, fumitory, shepherd’s purse, prevalent perennial weeds were field sowthistle, coltsfoot, red sorrel, couch grass, marsh woundwort. The prevailing influence of weather conditions and individual characteristics on the weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crop has been determined. The combined effect of two factors was expressed by 47.7, 57.8 and 47.1 % in terms of species abundance, initial abundance and final phytomass of weeds, respectively. Long term application of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the number of annuals (by 1.5–1.6 times) and a decrease in the density of growth of perennial weed species (by 1.6–1.9 times). The influence of the integrated plant protection system used in the crop rotation was manifested in a significant decrease in the density of perennial weed species (by 4.6 times) in narrow-leaved lupine crop.
{"title":"Weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crops in grain-grass-rowed crop rotation in the North-West of Russia","authors":"A. Shpanev","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.43-52","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the long term (2012–2018) study of weed infestation of green fallow fields with narrow-leaved lupin in the crop rotation including cereals, grasses and row crops in the North-West region of Russia (Leningrad region) are presented. The assessment of weediness in the narrow-leaved lupine variety Oligarch crops was carried out annually at 24 permanent survey sites (0.1 square meter). Based on the results of the surveys, the formation of a diverse and constant species composition of weeds (from 15 to 25 species), mainly of medium and severe degree of weediness (141–593 specimens per square meter), with the proportion of young plants ranging from 90.4 to 99.7 %. The mass species of weeds were lamb’s quarters, field pansy, corn spurry, hemp-nettles, fumitory, shepherd’s purse, prevalent perennial weeds were field sowthistle, coltsfoot, red sorrel, couch grass, marsh woundwort. The prevailing influence of weather conditions and individual characteristics on the weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crop has been determined. The combined effect of two factors was expressed by 47.7, 57.8 and 47.1 % in terms of species abundance, initial abundance and final phytomass of weeds, respectively. Long term application of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the number of annuals (by 1.5–1.6 times) and a decrease in the density of growth of perennial weed species (by 1.6–1.9 times). The influence of the integrated plant protection system used in the crop rotation was manifested in a significant decrease in the density of perennial weed species (by 4.6 times) in narrow-leaved lupine crop.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.123-133
S. Bulatov, A. N. Pronin
In the production of compound feeds, it is necessary to follow the recipe at the time of introducing all the necessary components, for which various types of dispensers are used. Currently, automatic dosing systems are widely used, providing increased dosing accuracy. However, individual settings of such systems are required for each component, which makes the work of operators harder. The article describes the design of a technical device containing a main and an additional screw and allowing components with different physical and mechanical properties to be weighed at the same tuning parameters. A brief description of the dispenser's workflow is given, the research factors and criteria for evaluating its work are listed. The influence of five factors was determined: the frequency setpoint of the dispensers n1, the pre-filling setpoint m, the setpoint for switching on the filling speed t, the frequency setpoint of the dispensers n2, the set weight of the suspension MZ on the dosing accuracy. At the first stage, the influence of the studied factors on grain dosing was determined. To do this, the Box-Benkin plan was implemented for five factors. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, a regression model was built, on the basis of which three combinations of factor values were determined, in which the grain dosing error by an additional dispenser screw was 0. At the next stage of the research, the accuracy of dosing chalk and salt was determined at the established combinations. It was revealed that salt dosing was carried out according to a pattern close to the grain curve, and the dosing error was within the permissible limits of 5%. As a result of the conducted studies, the best combination of factors was determined, in which the dosing error did not exceed the permissible value when weighing grain, salt and chalk: n1 = 30.3 Hz, t = 11.9 %; n2 = 40.9 % of n1 (12.42 Hz), MZ = 202.8 g. With these values of the studied parameters, it is possible to dose components with the permissible error of the weight of the suspension is over 200 g.
{"title":"Research results of the screw dispenser of dry bulk feed components","authors":"S. Bulatov, A. N. Pronin","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.123-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.123-133","url":null,"abstract":"In the production of compound feeds, it is necessary to follow the recipe at the time of introducing all the necessary components, for which various types of dispensers are used. Currently, automatic dosing systems are widely used, providing increased dosing accuracy. However, individual settings of such systems are required for each component, which makes the work of operators harder. The article describes the design of a technical device containing a main and an additional screw and allowing components with different physical and mechanical properties to be weighed at the same tuning parameters. A brief description of the dispenser's workflow is given, the research factors and criteria for evaluating its work are listed. The influence of five factors was determined: the frequency setpoint of the dispensers n1, the pre-filling setpoint m, the setpoint for switching on the filling speed t, the frequency setpoint of the dispensers n2, the set weight of the suspension MZ on the dosing accuracy. At the first stage, the influence of the studied factors on grain dosing was determined. To do this, the Box-Benkin plan was implemented for five factors. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, a regression model was built, on the basis of which three combinations of factor values were determined, in which the grain dosing error by an additional dispenser screw was 0. At the next stage of the research, the accuracy of dosing chalk and salt was determined at the established combinations. It was revealed that salt dosing was carried out according to a pattern close to the grain curve, and the dosing error was within the permissible limits of 5%. As a result of the conducted studies, the best combination of factors was determined, in which the dosing error did not exceed the permissible value when weighing grain, salt and chalk: n1 = 30.3 Hz, t = 11.9 %; n2 = 40.9 % of n1 (12.42 Hz), MZ = 202.8 g. With these values of the studied parameters, it is possible to dose components with the permissible error of the weight of the suspension is over 200 g.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.62-74
Yury I. Mitrofanov, N. Pervushina
The purpose of the research is to study the influence of different types of field crop rotation, fertilizers, drainage and hydrothermal conditions on the dynamics of humus in reclaimed soil. The studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (reclamation sites “Kuzminskoye Boloto 2”, “Semenovskoye” and “Gubino” in the Tver region). Waterlogged soils were drained using closed drainage (inter-drain distance is 18–20 m, drain depth is 0.9–1.2 m). The soils of the experimental plots are soddy-podzolic, light loamy, gleyic, formed on a moraine or thin binomial. Observations of the dynamics of humus were carried out in the grain-grass-row, grain-grass, grain and grain-row types of crop rotation. The influence of crop rotation on the content of humus in the soil was determined, first of all, by the composition, the structure of the crops grown and agricultural technology of their cultivation. Due to plant residues, 56.6–76.5 % of the volume of mineralized humus were restored in grain-grass-row crop rotation, 51.8 % in grain, 26.4 % in grain-row crop rotation. The most significant qualitative changes in the composition of humus were observed in grain-grass-row crop rotation: with a positive humus balance, the ratio of humic and fulvic acids increased from 0.63 to 0.74. The use of organic and mineral fertilizers significantly changes the balance of humus in the arable layer of the soil. With an organic-mineral fertilizer system, the annual loss of humus (in kg/ha) on the drained plot was 6.8–11.4 times less, on the non-drained plot – 2.1–2.6 times less than in the variant without fertilizers. Drainage of waterlogged soils increases the role of fertilizers in the accumulation of humus, reduces its losses and improves the quality parameters of humus – the ratio of humic and fulvic acids in the composition of humus under the influence of drainage increased from 0.61 to 0.88. The impact on the dynamics of humus of hydrothermal conditions has been established. In years with a dry first half of the growing season, an increase in humus content is observed; in excessively wet years, on the contrary, a decrease is observed. The correlation coefficients of humus content with hydrothermal conditions in May-June were – 0.84 (in 1985–1993) and 0.95 (in 2014–2022).
{"title":"Dynamics of humus in field crop rotations on drained lands","authors":"Yury I. Mitrofanov, N. Pervushina","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.62-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.62-74","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study the influence of different types of field crop rotation, fertilizers, drainage and hydrothermal conditions on the dynamics of humus in reclaimed soil. The studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (reclamation sites “Kuzminskoye Boloto 2”, “Semenovskoye” and “Gubino” in the Tver region). Waterlogged soils were drained using closed drainage (inter-drain distance is 18–20 m, drain depth is 0.9–1.2 m). The soils of the experimental plots are soddy-podzolic, light loamy, gleyic, formed on a moraine or thin binomial. Observations of the dynamics of humus were carried out in the grain-grass-row, grain-grass, grain and grain-row types of crop rotation. The influence of crop rotation on the content of humus in the soil was determined, first of all, by the composition, the structure of the crops grown and agricultural technology of their cultivation. Due to plant residues, 56.6–76.5 % of the volume of mineralized humus were restored in grain-grass-row crop rotation, 51.8 % in grain, 26.4 % in grain-row crop rotation. The most significant qualitative changes in the composition of humus were observed in grain-grass-row crop rotation: with a positive humus balance, the ratio of humic and fulvic acids increased from 0.63 to 0.74. The use of organic and mineral fertilizers significantly changes the balance of humus in the arable layer of the soil. With an organic-mineral fertilizer system, the annual loss of humus (in kg/ha) on the drained plot was 6.8–11.4 times less, on the non-drained plot – 2.1–2.6 times less than in the variant without fertilizers. Drainage of waterlogged soils increases the role of fertilizers in the accumulation of humus, reduces its losses and improves the quality parameters of humus – the ratio of humic and fulvic acids in the composition of humus under the influence of drainage increased from 0.61 to 0.88. The impact on the dynamics of humus of hydrothermal conditions has been established. In years with a dry first half of the growing season, an increase in humus content is observed; in excessively wet years, on the contrary, a decrease is observed. The correlation coefficients of humus content with hydrothermal conditions in May-June were – 0.84 (in 1985–1993) and 0.95 (in 2014–2022).","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.82-89
N. S. Altukhova, I. Yanchukov, A. V. Savinov, Yu. A. Ivanov
Reproductive technologies have led to a wide and global distribution of genetic material from animals with high productivity. However, the distribution of semen from the same bulls to different regions (countries) may not always meet the expectations of livestock breeders. This aspect may be due to the fact that the genetic structure of the breeding stock, breeding goals and environmental conditions vary from region to region. The article presents the results of evaluating the breeding value of 286 sires used on the breeding stock of the pale-motley dairy cattle population in five regions of the Russian Federation (Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol regions and Altai Territory). The evaluation was carried out according to individual traits of daughters' milk productivity, and on multiple traits (selection index). Based on the results of the study, differences were identified in estimates of the breeding value of the same sires at the level of total information (population level) and in the herds of single regions (regional level). The accuracy of evaluating genotypes at the population management level was significantly higher (by 7–15 percent) than it was at regional levels. The correlations between the breeding value of the same sires at different levels of management (population-region) for single traits of daughter’s milk productivity were 0.522–0.960, for the complex of traits (selection index) – from 0.157 to 0.937. This indicates that when selecting the best sires at the level of an individual region, mistakes can reach 4–48 % for single milk productivity traits and from 6.3 to 84 % for their complex.
{"title":"Relationship between evaluations of sires in pale-motley cattle population at different levels of management","authors":"N. S. Altukhova, I. Yanchukov, A. V. Savinov, Yu. A. Ivanov","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.82-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.82-89","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive technologies have led to a wide and global distribution of genetic material from animals with high productivity. However, the distribution of semen from the same bulls to different regions (countries) may not always meet the expectations of livestock breeders. This aspect may be due to the fact that the genetic structure of the breeding stock, breeding goals and environmental conditions vary from region to region. The article presents the results of evaluating the breeding value of 286 sires used on the breeding stock of the pale-motley dairy cattle population in five regions of the Russian Federation (Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol regions and Altai Territory). The evaluation was carried out according to individual traits of daughters' milk productivity, and on multiple traits (selection index). Based on the results of the study, differences were identified in estimates of the breeding value of the same sires at the level of total information (population level) and in the herds of single regions (regional level). The accuracy of evaluating genotypes at the population management level was significantly higher (by 7–15 percent) than it was at regional levels. The correlations between the breeding value of the same sires at different levels of management (population-region) for single traits of daughter’s milk productivity were 0.522–0.960, for the complex of traits (selection index) – from 0.157 to 0.937. This indicates that when selecting the best sires at the level of an individual region, mistakes can reach 4–48 % for single milk productivity traits and from 6.3 to 84 % for their complex.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.112-122
Z. A. Godzhaev, S. Senkevich, I. S. Alekseev, E. N. Ilchenko
The article considers the issues of modeling the processes of agricultural mobile energy vehicles (MEV) with electric drive (ED). A review of modern literature on the problem under study as well as questions on modeling the functional properties of mobile machines and improving the quality indicators of MEV work are presented. A mathematical model of the motion of the MEV with an electric motor is presented, as well as a description of the method used and a sequence of actions for conducting research. Preliminary theoretical studies of motion in different modes of operation have been carried out. The proposed model is convenient for implementation and calculation in any of the applied software products that support the modeling of dynamic systems with an electromechanical drive. The proposed model, the solution of which is based on the methods of numerical integration of systems in the Matlab Simulink software environment, made it possible to simulate the dynamic processes of electromechanical power transmission of MEV during various agricultural operations. With the help of this model, the analysis of electromechanical processes in transient and steady-state operating modes, as well as dynamic processes in the power transmission were carried out. Graphs of changes in the studied parameters of the MEV power transmission are obtained and elastic moments in the joints of the 5-mass design scheme are determined. The use of the model allows you to track the change in statistical characteristics when the conditions of the experiment change. The model has shown its operability when performing simulation of agricultural operations: fertilization, cultivation and sowing, and it can be used at the design stage to study the characteristics of dynamic processes of small-class traction MEV power transmissions with an electromechanical drive. With different parameters of the model, there is a change in the mathematical expectation of the angular velocity of the ED from 147.89 to 156.87 rad/s, a change in the mathematical expectation of the speed of the MES from 4.51 to 4.79 m/s.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of dynamic processes of agricultural mobile energy vehicles on an electric drive","authors":"Z. A. Godzhaev, S. Senkevich, I. S. Alekseev, E. N. Ilchenko","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.112-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.112-122","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the issues of modeling the processes of agricultural mobile energy vehicles (MEV) with electric drive (ED). A review of modern literature on the problem under study as well as questions on modeling the functional properties of mobile machines and improving the quality indicators of MEV work are presented. A mathematical model of the motion of the MEV with an electric motor is presented, as well as a description of the method used and a sequence of actions for conducting research. Preliminary theoretical studies of motion in different modes of operation have been carried out. The proposed model is convenient for implementation and calculation in any of the applied software products that support the modeling of dynamic systems with an electromechanical drive. The proposed model, the solution of which is based on the methods of numerical integration of systems in the Matlab Simulink software environment, made it possible to simulate the dynamic processes of electromechanical power transmission of MEV during various agricultural operations. With the help of this model, the analysis of electromechanical processes in transient and steady-state operating modes, as well as dynamic processes in the power transmission were carried out. Graphs of changes in the studied parameters of the MEV power transmission are obtained and elastic moments in the joints of the 5-mass design scheme are determined. The use of the model allows you to track the change in statistical characteristics when the conditions of the experiment change. The model has shown its operability when performing simulation of agricultural operations: fertilization, cultivation and sowing, and it can be used at the design stage to study the characteristics of dynamic processes of small-class traction MEV power transmissions with an electromechanical drive. With different parameters of the model, there is a change in the mathematical expectation of the angular velocity of the ED from 147.89 to 156.87 rad/s, a change in the mathematical expectation of the speed of the MES from 4.51 to 4.79 m/s.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"33 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.98-111
A. Dorokhov, A. Aksenov, A. Sibirev, M. Mosyakov, N. Sazonov
The purpose of the research is to substantiate theoretically the process of variety and phytocleaning in breeding and seed plantings of potatoes and vegetable crops using machine vision technologies and robotic elements. The article analyzes modern non-destructive methods for detecting diseases of biological objects; technological processes and machines for removing the fruits of vegetable crops from plants in a digital agricultural production system with elements of robotization in the operations of caring for plants and collecting marketable products. The relevance of developing innovative technology and technical means for removing infected potato and vegetable plants in breeding and seed production has been established. To carry out health-improving techniques for the production of vegetable and potato seeds, an innovative technology and machine have been developed for removing infected potato and vegetable crop plants in breeding and seed-growing plantings, providing movement across the field using machine vision technologies with the identification of an infected plant or a plant that does not correspond to the varietal characteristics with its subsequent removal. In the process of the research (2021-2022), a morphological matrix for selecting technical means of using functioning elements for implementing innovative technology for varietal and phytocleaning of vegetable crops and potatoes, as well as the theoretical foundations of innovative technology for removing contaminated biological objects, were developed. An indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative phytotype cleaning technology has been identified, taking into account the parameters of economic and agrotechnical indicators, as well as metal intensity, energy intensity, environmental friendliness and reliability. Analytical studies of machine technology and technical means for removing infected vegetable and potato plants are presented. A substantiation of the innovative technology for varietal and phytocleaning of vegetable crops and potatoes has been carried out, in terms of the exclusion of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the technology for detecting infected potato plants with a qualitative assessment of the feasibility of choosing technical means when using the functioning elements of the implementation of the developed technology according to the criteria of economic and agrotechnical assessment, as well as metal intensity, energy intensity and reliability . An assessment of the feasibility of choosing technical means for the functioning of elements of innovative technology showed that, according to a set of criteria, the process of varietal and phytocleaning of vegetable crops and potatoes is advisable to carry out without the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle, using an optical system for identifying infected plants in the design of the machine.
{"title":"Justification of innovative technology for variety and phytocleaning in breeding and seed plantings of potatoes and vegetable crops","authors":"A. Dorokhov, A. Aksenov, A. Sibirev, M. Mosyakov, N. Sazonov","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.98-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.98-111","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to substantiate theoretically the process of variety and phytocleaning in breeding and seed plantings of potatoes and vegetable crops using machine vision technologies and robotic elements. The article analyzes modern non-destructive methods for detecting diseases of biological objects; technological processes and machines for removing the fruits of vegetable crops from plants in a digital agricultural production system with elements of robotization in the operations of caring for plants and collecting marketable products. The relevance of developing innovative technology and technical means for removing infected potato and vegetable plants in breeding and seed production has been established. To carry out health-improving techniques for the production of vegetable and potato seeds, an innovative technology and machine have been developed for removing infected potato and vegetable crop plants in breeding and seed-growing plantings, providing movement across the field using machine vision technologies with the identification of an infected plant or a plant that does not correspond to the varietal characteristics with its subsequent removal. In the process of the research (2021-2022), a morphological matrix for selecting technical means of using functioning elements for implementing innovative technology for varietal and phytocleaning of vegetable crops and potatoes, as well as the theoretical foundations of innovative technology for removing contaminated biological objects, were developed. An indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative phytotype cleaning technology has been identified, taking into account the parameters of economic and agrotechnical indicators, as well as metal intensity, energy intensity, environmental friendliness and reliability. Analytical studies of machine technology and technical means for removing infected vegetable and potato plants are presented. A substantiation of the innovative technology for varietal and phytocleaning of vegetable crops and potatoes has been carried out, in terms of the exclusion of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the technology for detecting infected potato plants with a qualitative assessment of the feasibility of choosing technical means when using the functioning elements of the implementation of the developed technology according to the criteria of economic and agrotechnical assessment, as well as metal intensity, energy intensity and reliability . An assessment of the feasibility of choosing technical means for the functioning of elements of innovative technology showed that, according to a set of criteria, the process of varietal and phytocleaning of vegetable crops and potatoes is advisable to carry out without the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle, using an optical system for identifying infected plants in the design of the machine.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"448 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.90-97
L. L. Fomina, D. I. Berezina, T. Kulakova, K. E. Modanova
The paper presents the results of a study on how temperature affects the coagulation and anticoagulation processes in the hemostasis system of cows. The purpose of this work was to study the coagulation parameters of the blood of Ayrshire cows with hypo-, normo- and hyperthermia "in vitro", as well as to evaluate the possibility of using a coagulometer to characterize the activity of hemostasis and use hemostatic reactions in cattle as models for human medicine. The study was carried out in the Vologda region. The following parameters of the coagulation profile were analyzed: thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen and antithrombin III (AT-III) activity. Results showed that at 43 °C hypercoagulation of the blood occurred, which in clotting methods manifests itself as an acceleration of TT by 61 % (27 sec), PT by 29 % (10 sec), a prolongation of APTT by 38 % (25 sec) and a decrease in Antithrombin III activity by 51 % (5 sec) compared with normothermia. At 18 °C, hypocoagulation was detected, accompanied by an elongation of all indicators characterizing the rate of clot formation: TT by 10 % (5 sec), PT by 61 % (55 sec), APTT by 83 % (289 sec). Fibrinogen activity decreased by 82 % (106 sec), and AT-III activity increased by 85 % (56 sec) compared to normothermy. The correlation between hemostasis parameters and the temperature factor can be characterized as negative moderate (APTT), noticeable (TV, fibrinogen) and close (PT, AT-III). Using a medical coagulometer caused reaction rates to differ significantly from those occurring at the body temperature of these animals when studying the coagulation mechanisms of cows. This does not allow to recommend this device for an adequate assessment of hemostatic reactions in cattle.
{"title":"Dependence of blood coagulation activity on temperature in cows in vitro","authors":"L. L. Fomina, D. I. Berezina, T. Kulakova, K. E. Modanova","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.90-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.90-97","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a study on how temperature affects the coagulation and anticoagulation processes in the hemostasis system of cows. The purpose of this work was to study the coagulation parameters of the blood of Ayrshire cows with hypo-, normo- and hyperthermia \"in vitro\", as well as to evaluate the possibility of using a coagulometer to characterize the activity of hemostasis and use hemostatic reactions in cattle as models for human medicine. The study was carried out in the Vologda region. The following parameters of the coagulation profile were analyzed: thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen and antithrombin III (AT-III) activity. Results showed that at 43 °C hypercoagulation of the blood occurred, which in clotting methods manifests itself as an acceleration of TT by 61 % (27 sec), PT by 29 % (10 sec), a prolongation of APTT by 38 % (25 sec) and a decrease in Antithrombin III activity by 51 % (5 sec) compared with normothermia. At 18 °C, hypocoagulation was detected, accompanied by an elongation of all indicators characterizing the rate of clot formation: TT by 10 % (5 sec), PT by 61 % (55 sec), APTT by 83 % (289 sec). Fibrinogen activity decreased by 82 % (106 sec), and AT-III activity increased by 85 % (56 sec) compared to normothermy. The correlation between hemostasis parameters and the temperature factor can be characterized as negative moderate (APTT), noticeable (TV, fibrinogen) and close (PT, AT-III). Using a medical coagulometer caused reaction rates to differ significantly from those occurring at the body temperature of these animals when studying the coagulation mechanisms of cows. This does not allow to recommend this device for an adequate assessment of hemostatic reactions in cattle.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.18-26
S. S. Spitsyna, O. Burova, P. A. Andriyanov, P. A. Zhurilov, E. A. Liskova, O. I. Zakharova, A. I. Tutrina, D. D. Kashina, N. A. Grebnev, V. N. Kachan, I. V. Yashin, A. A. Blokhin
Malignant catarrhal fever is a non-contagious infectious disease that occurs sporadically in the population of cattle and wild artiodactyls. The source of the causative agent of the disease is wildebeest, sheep, and goats, in which the infectious process is usually asymptomatic. The manifestation of clinical and pathological signs is variable, often characterized by damage to the nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, in the organs and tissues of which signs of lymphocytic and histiocytic vasculitis are noted. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out comprehensively using clinical and histological methods, but the main method is the detection of viral DNA in the material using PCR. However, control and prevention of the disease have a number of difficulties due to insufficient efficiency of diagnostic measures, lack of vaccines and outdated regulatory framework. There are no commercially available kits for diagnosing the disease in Russia. This diagnosis is available to research organizations, where complex research protocols are used. Due to insufficient knowledge of the pathogenesis, attempts to create effective vaccines against malignant catarrhal fever have not yet been successful, which does not allow for the full implementation of preventive measures. Regulatory acts defining approaches to control and elimination of the disease have not been updated for more than 20 years. The complex of these problems significantly distorts the objective epizootic situation on malignant catarrhal fever and contributes to its hidden spread with unclear economic and economic damage.
{"title":"Malignant catarrhal fever: pathogenesis, problems of prevention and control (review)","authors":"S. S. Spitsyna, O. Burova, P. A. Andriyanov, P. A. Zhurilov, E. A. Liskova, O. I. Zakharova, A. I. Tutrina, D. D. Kashina, N. A. Grebnev, V. N. Kachan, I. V. Yashin, A. A. Blokhin","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.18-26","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant catarrhal fever is a non-contagious infectious disease that occurs sporadically in the population of cattle and wild artiodactyls. The source of the causative agent of the disease is wildebeest, sheep, and goats, in which the infectious process is usually asymptomatic. The manifestation of clinical and pathological signs is variable, often characterized by damage to the nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, in the organs and tissues of which signs of lymphocytic and histiocytic vasculitis are noted. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out comprehensively using clinical and histological methods, but the main method is the detection of viral DNA in the material using PCR. However, control and prevention of the disease have a number of difficulties due to insufficient efficiency of diagnostic measures, lack of vaccines and outdated regulatory framework. There are no commercially available kits for diagnosing the disease in Russia. This diagnosis is available to research organizations, where complex research protocols are used. Due to insufficient knowledge of the pathogenesis, attempts to create effective vaccines against malignant catarrhal fever have not yet been successful, which does not allow for the full implementation of preventive measures. Regulatory acts defining approaches to control and elimination of the disease have not been updated for more than 20 years. The complex of these problems significantly distorts the objective epizootic situation on malignant catarrhal fever and contributes to its hidden spread with unclear economic and economic damage.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1021-1028
A. Lemyakin, L. S. Badanina, K. Sabetova, A. A. Chaitskiy, P. O. Schiogolev
Milk quality indicators are one of the main components of the breeding value of dairy cattle. The experience of many countries demonstrates that the Holsteinization of local cattle breeds is accompanied by an increase in the volume of milk produced while reducing its quality characteristics in particular to its cheese suitability. Solving this problem only by means of traditional breeding is difficult but it is possible to facilitate this task with application of modern molecular genetic methods and marker-oriented selection. The objective of the research was to assess the genetic potential of dairy performance of cattle with different genotypes by the kappa-casein gene (CSN3). The study was conducted on 104 purebred Russian black-and- white cows selected from the herds of the Yakovlevskoye APC and Raslovskoye APC. It was determined that the desired CSN3BB genotype was most common in 61 % of animals. As part of the study, the comparison of the experimental animals' own milk productivity with the productivity of their ancestors was carried out which made it possible to assess their genetic potential. The analysis showed that in the Yakovlevskoye APC, the protein content in milk in carriers of the CSN3AA genotype was significantly less than in carriers of the CSN3AB (P < 0.05) and CSNBB (P < 0.001) genotypes. There were no statistically significant differences in other productivity indicators, although the carriers of the CSNAB genotype (100.9%) differed in the greatest realization of the genetic potential in terms of the mass fraction of fat in milk, and cows with the CSNBB genotype (106.7 and 103.9 % respectively) in milk yield and protein content in milk. In the Raslovskoye APC, the greatest realization of the genetic potential in milk yield (119.5 %) was distinguished by carriers of the CSNAA genotype and the greater potential of fat and protein in milk were shown by animals with the CSNBB genotype (112.3 % and 103.7 %, respectively). Thus, the polymorphism of bovine kappa-casein gene has a significant impact both on the protein content in milk and on the realization of the genetic potential for this indicator of productivity. The obtained research results are important for breeding work with Russian black-and-white cattle aimed at improving the cheese suitability of milk.
{"title":"Realizing the genetic potential of black-and-white cows of different genotypes by the kappa-casein gene","authors":"A. Lemyakin, L. S. Badanina, K. Sabetova, A. A. Chaitskiy, P. O. Schiogolev","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1021-1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1021-1028","url":null,"abstract":"Milk quality indicators are one of the main components of the breeding value of dairy cattle. The experience of many countries demonstrates that the Holsteinization of local cattle breeds is accompanied by an increase in the volume of milk produced while reducing its quality characteristics in particular to its cheese suitability. Solving this problem only by means of traditional breeding is difficult but it is possible to facilitate this task with application of modern molecular genetic methods and marker-oriented selection. The objective of the research was to assess the genetic potential of dairy performance of cattle with different genotypes by the kappa-casein gene (CSN3). The study was conducted on 104 purebred Russian black-and- white cows selected from the herds of the Yakovlevskoye APC and Raslovskoye APC. It was determined that the desired CSN3BB genotype was most common in 61 % of animals. As part of the study, the comparison of the experimental animals' own milk productivity with the productivity of their ancestors was carried out which made it possible to assess their genetic potential. The analysis showed that in the Yakovlevskoye APC, the protein content in milk in carriers of the CSN3AA genotype was significantly less than in carriers of the CSN3AB (P < 0.05) and CSNBB (P < 0.001) genotypes. There were no statistically significant differences in other productivity indicators, although the carriers of the CSNAB genotype (100.9%) differed in the greatest realization of the genetic potential in terms of the mass fraction of fat in milk, and cows with the CSNBB genotype (106.7 and 103.9 % respectively) in milk yield and protein content in milk. In the Raslovskoye APC, the greatest realization of the genetic potential in milk yield (119.5 %) was distinguished by carriers of the CSNAA genotype and the greater potential of fat and protein in milk were shown by animals with the CSNBB genotype (112.3 % and 103.7 %, respectively). Thus, the polymorphism of bovine kappa-casein gene has a significant impact both on the protein content in milk and on the realization of the genetic potential for this indicator of productivity. The obtained research results are important for breeding work with Russian black-and-white cattle aimed at improving the cheese suitability of milk.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"387 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1007-1020
V. Kolpakova, R. Ulanova, D. Kulikov, V. Gulakova
The purpose of the research is to develop a comprehensive bioconversion of secondary processing products (SPP) of pea flour: liquid whey and insoluble starch-protein residue (ISPR), formed during the isolation of food protein concentrate (PC) using various enzyme preparations. The research was carried out in 2021-2023. The bioconversion of whey and ISPR into fodder yeast (FY) was performed with the association of cultures of S. cerevisiae 121 and G. candidum 977 (1:1). There was created a mathematical model of the dependence of biomass growth on whey on technological factors, and the optimal parameters were determined: pH, temperature, amount of inoculum. In the process of biomass synthesis microorganisms absorbed glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose from whey. The parameters of ISPR hydrolysis and the conditions for its joint bioconversion with whey with the same microorganisms were established: the amount of residue added to the mass of whey, pH, temperature, process duration, pressure. With insoluble starch-protein residue hydrolyzed at pH 1.8, the amount of protein in the biomass increased by 2.2 times, reducing sugars – by 6.1 times, compared with the original whey. At the same time, glucose and maltose were absorbed. Dry FYs contained 51.09-61.68 % protein, 2-8 % lipids, and ash content 5-8 % per dry matter. The amino acid score of proteins was 90-247 %, the ratio of saturated (23.5 %) and unsaturated fatty acids (71.67 %) – 1:3, omega-6 fatty acids – 19.73 %, trans-isomers – 5.0 %. Yeast is rich in sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc. The mass fraction of nucleic acids and heavy metals in FYs were within the normal range, in vitro digestibility was 85.73-89.74 %. The data indicated the expediency of utilization of pea flour secondary processing products into high-quality FY by comprehensive bioconversion.
{"title":"Complex bioconversion of secondary products of processing pea flour into fodder yeast","authors":"V. Kolpakova, R. Ulanova, D. Kulikov, V. Gulakova","doi":"10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1007-1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.6.1007-1020","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to develop a comprehensive bioconversion of secondary processing products (SPP) of pea flour: liquid whey and insoluble starch-protein residue (ISPR), formed during the isolation of food protein concentrate (PC) using various enzyme preparations. The research was carried out in 2021-2023. The bioconversion of whey and ISPR into fodder yeast (FY) was performed with the association of cultures of S. cerevisiae 121 and G. candidum 977 (1:1). There was created a mathematical model of the dependence of biomass growth on whey on technological factors, and the optimal parameters were determined: pH, temperature, amount of inoculum. In the process of biomass synthesis microorganisms absorbed glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose from whey. The parameters of ISPR hydrolysis and the conditions for its joint bioconversion with whey with the same microorganisms were established: the amount of residue added to the mass of whey, pH, temperature, process duration, pressure. With insoluble starch-protein residue hydrolyzed at pH 1.8, the amount of protein in the biomass increased by 2.2 times, reducing sugars – by 6.1 times, compared with the original whey. At the same time, glucose and maltose were absorbed. Dry FYs contained 51.09-61.68 % protein, 2-8 % lipids, and ash content 5-8 % per dry matter. The amino acid score of proteins was 90-247 %, the ratio of saturated (23.5 %) and unsaturated fatty acids (71.67 %) – 1:3, omega-6 fatty acids – 19.73 %, trans-isomers – 5.0 %. Yeast is rich in sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc. The mass fraction of nucleic acids and heavy metals in FYs were within the normal range, in vitro digestibility was 85.73-89.74 %. The data indicated the expediency of utilization of pea flour secondary processing products into high-quality FY by comprehensive bioconversion.","PeriodicalId":504649,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Euro-North-East","volume":"331 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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