Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0137
The concept of epistasis was introduced into evolutionary theory more than a hundred years ago. Its history is marked by controversies regarding its importance for the evolutionary process, as exemplified by the debate between Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright in the wake of the modern synthesis. In this case the disagreement was about the shape of the adaptive landscape, which is determined by epistasis. Wright believed that epistasis causes the adaptive landscape to be rugged with many local peaks, whereas Fisher viewed evolution as a smooth, steady progression toward a unique optimum. Even today, the different meanings attributed to epistasis continue to spawn confusion. Nevertheless, a consensus is emerging, according to which the term should be used to designate interactions between genetic effects on phenotypes in the broadest sense. Stated differently, in the presence of epistasis the phenotypic effects of a gene depend on its genetic context. In evolutionary theory the phenotype of primary interest is organismal fitness, but principally the concept applies to any genotype-phenotype map. Reflecting the Fisherian view, throughout the 20th century epistasis was often considered to be a residual perturbation on the main effects of individual genes. Following the advent of sequencing techniques providing insights into the molecular basis of genotype-phenotype maps, over the past two decades it has become clear, however, that epistasis is the rule rather than an exception. This has motivated a large number of empirical studies exploring the patterns and evolutionary consequences of epistasis across a wide range of scales of organismal and genomic complexity. Correspondingly, mathematical and computational tools have been developed for the analysis of experimental data, and models have been constructed to elucidate the mechanistic and statistical origins of genetic interactions. Despite a certain inherent vagueness, the concept takes center stage in modern evolutionary thought as a framework for organizing the accumulating understanding of the relationship among genotype, phenotype, and organism.
{"title":"Epistasis and Evolution","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0137","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of epistasis was introduced into evolutionary theory more than a hundred years ago. Its history is marked by controversies regarding its importance for the evolutionary process, as exemplified by the debate between Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright in the wake of the modern synthesis. In this case the disagreement was about the shape of the adaptive landscape, which is determined by epistasis. Wright believed that epistasis causes the adaptive landscape to be rugged with many local peaks, whereas Fisher viewed evolution as a smooth, steady progression toward a unique optimum. Even today, the different meanings attributed to epistasis continue to spawn confusion. Nevertheless, a consensus is emerging, according to which the term should be used to designate interactions between genetic effects on phenotypes in the broadest sense. Stated differently, in the presence of epistasis the phenotypic effects of a gene depend on its genetic context. In evolutionary theory the phenotype of primary interest is organismal fitness, but principally the concept applies to any genotype-phenotype map. Reflecting the Fisherian view, throughout the 20th century epistasis was often considered to be a residual perturbation on the main effects of individual genes. Following the advent of sequencing techniques providing insights into the molecular basis of genotype-phenotype maps, over the past two decades it has become clear, however, that epistasis is the rule rather than an exception. This has motivated a large number of empirical studies exploring the patterns and evolutionary consequences of epistasis across a wide range of scales of organismal and genomic complexity. Correspondingly, mathematical and computational tools have been developed for the analysis of experimental data, and models have been constructed to elucidate the mechanistic and statistical origins of genetic interactions. Despite a certain inherent vagueness, the concept takes center stage in modern evolutionary thought as a framework for organizing the accumulating understanding of the relationship among genotype, phenotype, and organism.","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49319429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09544-y
C. Pélabon, F. De Giorgi, Ø. Opedal, G. Bolstad, Astrid Raunsgard, W. Scott Armbruster
{"title":"Is There More to Within-plant Variation in Seed Size than Developmental Noise?","authors":"C. Pélabon, F. De Giorgi, Ø. Opedal, G. Bolstad, Astrid Raunsgard, W. Scott Armbruster","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09544-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09544-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"366 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09544-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43621939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-04DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09539-9
A. Vassallo, A. Manzano, V. Abdala, R. N. Muzio
{"title":"Can Anyone Climb? The Skills of a Non-specialized Toad and its Bearing on the Evolution of New Niches","authors":"A. Vassallo, A. Manzano, V. Abdala, R. N. Muzio","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09539-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09539-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"293 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09539-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43105632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09543-z
N. Webb
{"title":"The Functional and Allometric Implications of Hipbone Trabecular Microarchitecture in a Sample of Eutherian and Metatherian Mammals","authors":"N. Webb","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09543-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09543-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"346 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09543-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43235949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09540-2
L. Stazione, F. M. Norry, P. Sambucetti
{"title":"Do Longevity and Fecundity Change by Selection on Mating Success at Elevated Temperature? Correlated Selection Responses in Drosophila buzzatii","authors":"L. Stazione, F. M. Norry, P. Sambucetti","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09540-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09540-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"312 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09540-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44782154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Negative Regulation of the DHH Signaling Pathway as a Potential Mechanism of Ascrotal Testes in Laurasiatherians","authors":"Simin Chai, Ran Tian, Ying Yang, Guang Yang, Shixia Xu, Wenhua Ren","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09542-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09542-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"335 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09542-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09541-1
Diego P. Vélez-Mora, Karla Trigueros-Alatorre, P. Quintana‐Ascencio
{"title":"Evidence of Morphological Divergence and Reproductive Isolation in a Narrow Elevation Gradient","authors":"Diego P. Vélez-Mora, Karla Trigueros-Alatorre, P. Quintana‐Ascencio","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09541-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09541-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"321 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09541-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49179732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09536-y
Larissa A. de Medeiros, C. C. Ribas, A. Lima
{"title":"Genetic Diversification of Adelphobates quinquevittatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and the Influence of Upper Madeira River Historical Dynamics","authors":"Larissa A. de Medeiros, C. C. Ribas, A. Lima","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09536-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09536-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"269 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09536-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47369747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09535-z
E. Akand, K. Downard
{"title":"Evolution of Type B Influenza Virus Using a Mass Spectrometry Based Phylonumerics Approach","authors":"E. Akand, K. Downard","doi":"10.1007/s11692-021-09535-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09535-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50471,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"259 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11692-021-09535-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47433617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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