Jagoda Ulewicz, Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk, A. Lewandowska
The energy transition process towards renewable and low-emission energy sources is becoming an increasingly prevailing issue discussed at both local and supra-local levels . It also includes the development of a nuclear power plant in Poland . Therefore, it is crucial to trace the consequences of an unfinished nuclear investment, known today as the ‘Żar-nowiec’ power plant . The effects of this failed investment are felt by the former residents of the areas occupied by the power plant infrastructure . The spatial and social issues of a just energy transition are considered in the case study of the history of the ‘Żarnowiec’ power plant and experiences of the displaced inhabitants . The main part of the research was based on qualitative analysis in the context of the grounded theory . The effects of the investment on the displaced locals were shown by tracing the unfinished power plant’s history, the researched area’s current state, and an extensive social analysis with inter-views . The study draws attention to the need to involve the local community in planning decisions . It also shows that opinions and expectations of local actors are of utmost importance in the just energy transition process because they are the ones who are directly and permanently affected by the investments undertaken or by the decisions to abandon them . The identified development challenges are consistent with the premises of a just energy transition – a concept that is clear in today’s EU policy .
{"title":"Sprawiedliwie – co to znaczy? Transformacja energetyczna w Polsce na tle społeczno-przestrzennych konsekwencji nieukończonej elektrowni jądrowej „Żarnowiec”","authors":"Jagoda Ulewicz, Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk, A. Lewandowska","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-17","url":null,"abstract":"The energy transition process towards renewable and low-emission energy sources is becoming an increasingly prevailing issue discussed at both local and supra-local levels . It also includes the development of a nuclear power plant in Poland . Therefore, it is crucial to trace the consequences of an unfinished nuclear investment, known today as the ‘Żar-nowiec’ power plant . The effects of this failed investment are felt by the former residents of the areas occupied by the power plant infrastructure . The spatial and social issues of a just energy transition are considered in the case study of the history of the ‘Żarnowiec’ power plant and experiences of the displaced inhabitants . The main part of the research was based on qualitative analysis in the context of the grounded theory . The effects of the investment on the displaced locals were shown by tracing the unfinished power plant’s history, the researched area’s current state, and an extensive social analysis with inter-views . The study draws attention to the need to involve the local community in planning decisions . It also shows that opinions and expectations of local actors are of utmost importance in the just energy transition process because they are the ones who are directly and permanently affected by the investments undertaken or by the decisions to abandon them . The identified development challenges are consistent with the premises of a just energy transition – a concept that is clear in today’s EU policy .","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"92 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent times, a process of the deliberate “re-creation” of relict borders has developed, with a view to serving tourist, heritage-related and remembrance functions. These processes have been observed in many European areas. This article pays attention to the “re-creation” of borders and the way this activity supports tourism- and heritage-related objectives now seen to represent a novel function performed by the former borders. The author illustrates the processes by referring to the border once separating the Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires as one of those associated with Poland’s erasure from the map of Europe for more than a century. Empirical research on the section of that old border drawn from the Vistula River to the present Polish-Ukrainian border shows at least 15 different places related to it, now playing the role of heritage and tourist attractions. The study of 20 information boards associated with these places is able to point to the significance and content of the information being presented, with the three leading themes being: loss of independence as a result of the Partitions; the regaining of Poland’s independence (in 1918) as well as commemoration of the heroes who contributed to it; and information about local determinants regarding border operations and controls, also in the wider context of its significance for everyday life, and consequently the possibilities of crossing the border.
{"title":"Znaczenie rekonstrukcji granic reliktowych na przykładzie granicy pomiędzy monarchią austro-węgierską a Imperium Rosyjskim","authors":"M. Więckowski","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-09","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, a process of the deliberate “re-creation” of relict borders has developed, with a view to serving tourist, heritage-related and remembrance functions. These processes have been observed in many European areas. This article pays attention to the “re-creation” of borders and the way this activity supports tourism- and heritage-related objectives now seen to represent a novel function performed by the former borders. The author illustrates the processes by referring to the border once separating the Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires as one of those associated with Poland’s erasure from the map of Europe for more than a century. Empirical research on the section of that old border drawn from the Vistula River to the present Polish-Ukrainian border shows at least 15 different places related to it, now playing the role of heritage and tourist attractions. The study of 20 information boards associated with these places is able to point to the significance and content of the information being presented, with the three leading themes being: loss of independence as a result of the Partitions; the regaining of Poland’s independence (in 1918) as well as commemoration of the heroes who contributed to it; and information about local determinants regarding border operations and controls, also in the wider context of its significance for everyday life, and consequently the possibilities of crossing the border.","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"50 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Michalski, Maciej Brosz, I. Kiniorska, Yevhen Matviyishyn, J. Grabowski, Anna Strzałkowska, Renata Anisiewicz
The aim of the study is to determine the stress level among the adult residents of Tri-City (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot), Kielce and Lviv. The study was conducted in January and February 2022. Use was made of a short questionnaire of 25 closed questions, including two scalograms (one covered 10 questions on the sources of experienced anxiety, and the other one was also a 10-item PSS-10 test – Perceived Stress Scale). In the analysis, Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were applied. In the case of obtaining a statistically significant result of intergroup comparisons, post hoc tests were conducted in order to minimize the error resulting from unequal sample sizes. The stress index level measured by the PSS-10 test amounted to 15.71 in the entire sample, and it was significantly lower among the inhabitants of Lviv (11.94) than in Tri-City (18.07) and Kielce (17.09). When asked about concerns related to the COVID-19 epidemic, the respondents provided different answers depending on the country they lived in. Among the sources of perceived anxiety, residents of Polish cities indicated other people’s attitudes (Tri-City – 55.1%, Kielce – 58.7%) and difficulties in access to health services (64.0% – Kielce, 41.3% – Tri-City). A major source of anxiety for the inhabitants of Ukrainian Lviv, however, was the health of relatives (53.2%) and their own health (49.9%).
{"title":"Samoocena poziomu stresu mieszkańców Trójmiasta, Kielc i Lwowa podczas pandemii COVID-19","authors":"Tomasz Michalski, Maciej Brosz, I. Kiniorska, Yevhen Matviyishyn, J. Grabowski, Anna Strzałkowska, Renata Anisiewicz","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to determine the stress level among the adult residents of Tri-City (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot), Kielce and Lviv. The study was conducted in January and February 2022. Use was made of a short questionnaire of 25 closed questions, including two scalograms (one covered 10 questions on the sources of experienced anxiety, and the other one was also a 10-item PSS-10 test – Perceived Stress Scale). In the analysis, Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were applied. In the case of obtaining a statistically significant result of intergroup comparisons, post hoc tests were conducted in order to minimize the error resulting from unequal sample sizes. The stress index level measured by the PSS-10 test amounted to 15.71 in the entire sample, and it was significantly lower among the inhabitants of Lviv (11.94) than in Tri-City (18.07) and Kielce (17.09). When asked about concerns related to the COVID-19 epidemic, the respondents provided different answers depending on the country they lived in. Among the sources of perceived anxiety, residents of Polish cities indicated other people’s attitudes (Tri-City – 55.1%, Kielce – 58.7%) and difficulties in access to health services (64.0% – Kielce, 41.3% – Tri-City). A major source of anxiety for the inhabitants of Ukrainian Lviv, however, was the health of relatives (53.2%) and their own health (49.9%).","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research presented in this article is to examine the impact of selected socio-economic and spatial factors on the intensity of commuting to different types of secondary schools in Poznań (i.e. general secondary schools, technical secondary schools and first cycle vocational schools). Three econometric models were created on the basis of detailed data on the journey to school, in which the explained variable was the proportion of students from a given municipality who attended a selected type of school in Poznań (depending on the model: a vocational school, a technical secondary school or a general secondary school). The set of explanatory variables was common to all models and consisted of: 1) the proportion of people with higher education in the municipality, 2) the distance between the municipality and Poznań, and 3) the indicator of the availability of local education in the municipality (an indicator created for the purposes of this article). The models explained between 64% and 81% of the variation in the intensity of commuting to schools from different municipalities to Poznań (least in the case of commuting to vocational schools, most in the case of commuting to general secondary schools). The study showed a varied impact of the variables used on the intensity of commuting to Poznań for different types of schools. The level of education in the student’s municipality played the most important role in explaining commuting to general secondary schools (compared to other types of schools), while the distance to Poznań and the availability of local educational opportunities had the greatest impact on commuting to vocational schools.
{"title":"Wybrane czynniki kształtujące natężenie dojazdów do różnych typów szkół ponadpodstawowych w Poznaniu","authors":"A. Bajerski, Wojciech Kisiała","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research presented in this article is to examine the impact of selected socio-economic and spatial factors on the intensity of commuting to different types of secondary schools in Poznań (i.e. general secondary schools, technical secondary schools and first cycle vocational schools). Three econometric models were created on the basis of detailed data on the journey to school, in which the explained variable was the proportion of students from a given municipality who attended a selected type of school in Poznań (depending on the model: a vocational school, a technical secondary school or a general secondary school). The set of explanatory variables was common to all models and consisted of: 1) the proportion of people with higher education in the municipality, 2) the distance between the municipality and Poznań, and 3) the indicator of the availability of local education in the municipality (an indicator created for the purposes of this article). The models explained between 64% and 81% of the variation in the intensity of commuting to schools from different municipalities to Poznań (least in the case of commuting to vocational schools, most in the case of commuting to general secondary schools). The study showed a varied impact of the variables used on the intensity of commuting to Poznań for different types of schools. The level of education in the student’s municipality played the most important role in explaining commuting to general secondary schools (compared to other types of schools), while the distance to Poznań and the availability of local educational opportunities had the greatest impact on commuting to vocational schools.","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of onshore wind energy in Poland has been accompanied by controversy over the location of specific power plants. This issue has become a frequent topic in local/regional media. The purpose of this article is to determine how wind energy was portrayed in these media and, more importantly, what kinds of social impacts were the subject of media reports. The framework for the study is the concept of social impact assessment – SIA (Vanclay, 1999, 2002). The analysis covers the period 2010–2022. Articles for the analysis were obtained from online editions of the local/regional press from seven provinces in northern and central Poland, characterised by the highest level of wind energy development in 2020. A total of 321 articles were obtained from 19 titles of regional/local media. The research showed that wind energy was presented most often as a source of conflict around investment locations, and economic impacts were the most frequently described group of impacts. Two main portrayals of wind energy clashed in the regional/local media: a source of economic benefits for local communities on the one hand and a source of noise and health problems on the other. The debate on wind energy has varied over time. During the period when the anti-wind movement was most active in Poland, negative effects were most strongly emphasised in the media, while after the adoption of the Wind Power Investment Act, the debate on wind power almost quietened down and the share of articles presenting a positive image of wind power increased.
{"title":"Wizerunek energetyki wiatrowej i jej oddziaływania na społeczeństwo w świetle doniesień mediów regionalnych i lokalnych w Polsce","authors":"Maria Bednarek-Szczepańska","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-11","url":null,"abstract":"The development of onshore wind energy in Poland has been accompanied by controversy over the location of specific power plants. This issue has become a frequent topic in local/regional media. The purpose of this article is to determine how wind energy was portrayed in these media and, more importantly, what kinds of social impacts were the subject of media reports. The framework for the study is the concept of social impact assessment – SIA (Vanclay, 1999, 2002). The analysis covers the period 2010–2022. Articles for the analysis were obtained from online editions of the local/regional press from seven provinces in northern and central Poland, characterised by the highest level of wind energy development in 2020. A total of 321 articles were obtained from 19 titles of regional/local media. The research showed that wind energy was presented most often as a source of conflict around investment locations, and economic impacts were the most frequently described group of impacts. Two main portrayals of wind energy clashed in the regional/local media: a source of economic benefits for local communities on the one hand and a source of noise and health problems on the other. The debate on wind energy has varied over time. During the period when the anti-wind movement was most active in Poland, negative effects were most strongly emphasised in the media, while after the adoption of the Wind Power Investment Act, the debate on wind power almost quietened down and the share of articles presenting a positive image of wind power increased.","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"136 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to present mobility segregation and its scope in the life of a female resident of Warsaw with a low social profile who lives among people of different social status, and to answer the question: does the level of mobility segregation change over the course of her life. Based on traditional narrative-biographical interviews, the mobility biography method was used to collect biographical material, and then to identify everyday mobility practices and the level of mobility segregation. Moreover, it was employed to develop a biographical axis of mobility segregation. This article presents the case of one narrator, on the basis of which it was demonstrated that mobility segregation changes over the life course, and when experienced in everyday life, it is a more significant social problem than social segregation, measured by quantitative research at a given moment in life.
{"title":"Segregacja mobilności w ujęciu biograficznym","authors":"A. Grzegorczyk","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to present mobility segregation and its scope in the life of a female resident of Warsaw with a low social profile who lives among people of different social status, and to answer the question: does the level of mobility segregation change over the course of her life. Based on traditional narrative-biographical interviews, the mobility biography method was used to collect biographical material, and then to identify everyday mobility practices and the level of mobility segregation. Moreover, it was employed to develop a biographical axis of mobility segregation. This article presents the case of one narrator, on the basis of which it was demonstrated that mobility segregation changes over the life course, and when experienced in everyday life, it is a more significant social problem than social segregation, measured by quantitative research at a given moment in life.","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"159 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cultural boundary between Western (Latin) and Eastern (Orthodox) Christianity is widely regarded as the main line (zone) of civilizational division in Europe. The aim of the article is to present a theoretical approach to the issue of cultural boundaries in spatial terms and to discuss a research procedure for delineating the boundary between Western and Eastern traditions based on the occurrence rate of sacred sites. The article draws attention to the problems associated with the delineation of cultural boundaries and their graphical representation on maps. It discusses the importance of a religious factor in the formation of cultural areas and presents selected views on the course of cultural boundaries in Europe, providing examples of their visualisation. Furthermore, the article discusses potential applications of cartographic methods and GIS tools in the study of cultural phenomena, using the example of the location of Roman Catholic and Orthodox temples in the border area of Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. Contemporary geo-information technologies provide a broad range of possibilities for conducting comprehensive spatial analyses that consider the distribution intensity of places associated with different traditions, e.g. sacred sites. These tools can support studies aimed at delineating the range of cultures while also facilitating the identification of the zonal nature of cultural boundaries.
{"title":"Przebieg granicy kulturowej między chrześcijaństwem zachodnim (łacińskim) i wschodnim (prawosławnym) w Europie i sposoby jej wyznaczania","authors":"A. Awramiuk-Godun","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-10","url":null,"abstract":"The cultural boundary between Western (Latin) and Eastern (Orthodox) Christianity is widely regarded as the main line (zone) of civilizational division in Europe. The aim of the article is to present a theoretical approach to the issue of cultural boundaries in spatial terms and to discuss a research procedure for delineating the boundary between Western and Eastern traditions based on the occurrence rate of sacred sites. The article draws attention to the problems associated with the delineation of cultural boundaries and their graphical representation on maps. It discusses the importance of a religious factor in the formation of cultural areas and presents selected views on the course of cultural boundaries in Europe, providing examples of their visualisation. Furthermore, the article discusses potential applications of cartographic methods and GIS tools in the study of cultural phenomena, using the example of the location of Roman Catholic and Orthodox temples in the border area of Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. Contemporary geo-information technologies provide a broad range of possibilities for conducting comprehensive spatial analyses that consider the distribution intensity of places associated with different traditions, e.g. sacred sites. These tools can support studies aimed at delineating the range of cultures while also facilitating the identification of the zonal nature of cultural boundaries.","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz Musiaka, P. Sudra, Tomasz Spórna, Katarzyna Spadło
The main research objective of this paper is to assess the spatial aspects of the revitalisation of small towns in the Voivodeship of Varmia and Masuria on the example of Kisielice, Lubawa and Węgorzewo. The selected towns were destroyed during World War II on a scale of more than 70% of their built-up area. They represent different forms of post-war reconstruction and have a diverse scale and nature of contemporary functional and spatial challenges. The article analyses the effectiveness of urban regeneration tools in the form of local revitalisation programmes (LPR) and the supra-local revitalisation programme within the Cittaslow network for the processes of physical renewal of urban fabric. The primary research method was the analysis of strategic and development documents drawn at various levels. In addition, study visits to the examined towns were conducted, and use was made of the consulting and advising experience offered to local governments as well as expert interviews. Both local programmes and the supra-local programme have played an essential role in the regeneration process of the towns under study, both spatially, functionally and as a platform for promotion and cooperation. However, the organisational and legal framework to date is not flawless and does not meet the current needs of local authorities. The introduction of the Revitalisation Act in 2015 and the implementation of new solutions in the form of municipal revitalisation programmes (GPR) were an attempt to overcome the low effectiveness of the existing tools. The new solutions provide an opportunity to continue ongoing projects and to start a new urban renewal and development stage. This is particularly important in a region facing enormous demographic, social and economic challenges and the still-felt repercussions of the Second World War and the subsequent spatial changes.
{"title":"Scenariusze odnowy małych miast. Wyzwania i problemy rewitalizacji wybranych ośrodków województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego","authors":"Łukasz Musiaka, P. Sudra, Tomasz Spórna, Katarzyna Spadło","doi":"10.12657/czageo-94-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-94-15","url":null,"abstract":"The main research objective of this paper is to assess the spatial aspects of the revitalisation of small towns in the Voivodeship of Varmia and Masuria on the example of Kisielice, Lubawa and Węgorzewo. The selected towns were destroyed during World War II on a scale of more than 70% of their built-up area. They represent different forms of post-war reconstruction and have a diverse scale and nature of contemporary functional and spatial challenges. The article analyses the effectiveness of urban regeneration tools in the form of local revitalisation programmes (LPR) and the supra-local revitalisation programme within the Cittaslow network for the processes of physical renewal of urban fabric. The primary research method was the analysis of strategic and development documents drawn at various levels. In addition, study visits to the examined towns were conducted, and use was made of the consulting and advising experience offered to local governments as well as expert interviews. Both local programmes and the supra-local programme have played an essential role in the regeneration process of the towns under study, both spatially, functionally and as a platform for promotion and cooperation. However, the organisational and legal framework to date is not flawless and does not meet the current needs of local authorities. The introduction of the Revitalisation Act in 2015 and the implementation of new solutions in the form of municipal revitalisation programmes (GPR) were an attempt to overcome the low effectiveness of the existing tools. The new solutions provide an opportunity to continue ongoing projects and to start a new urban renewal and development stage. This is particularly important in a region facing enormous demographic, social and economic challenges and the still-felt repercussions of the Second World War and the subsequent spatial changes.","PeriodicalId":505174,"journal":{"name":"Czasopismo Geograficzne","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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