Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2122508
H. Johnston, Jéssica Fenker, Anna M. Kearns, A. Drew, I. Mason, C. Moritz, L. Joseph
ABSTRACT The Forest Kingfisher Todiramphus macleayii inhabits eucalypt savannas, rainforests and mangroves across its distribution in Australasia. Two Australian subspecies are consistently recognised but the taxonomic status of resident New Guinean populations is unsettled. Genomic data from populations sampled across the species’ Australian and New Guinean ranges support the recognition of resident New Guinean populations at the subspecies level as T. m. elisabeth. Further work is required to examine island populations that remain unsampled genetically and to place the species in a broader phylogenetic analysis of Todiramphus kingfishers. We also report genetically based detection of a migrant individual in New Guinea either from eastern Australia or the Trans-Fly region of southern New Guinea. Our study provides a first insight into how genetic diversity is structured within this species across its range. It highlights remaining areas for study and illustrates the potential of DNA sequence data in tracking migratory movements of the species.
摘要森林翠鸟Todiramphus macleayii栖息在澳大利亚的桉树稀树草原、热带雨林和红树林中。两个澳大利亚亚种一直被认可，但常驻新几内亚种群的分类地位尚未确定。从该物种在澳大利亚和新几内亚分布范围取样的种群基因组数据支持将亚种水平的常驻新几内亚种群识别为T. m. elisabeth。需要进一步的工作来检查尚未取样的岛屿种群，并将该物种置于对Todiramphus翠鸟的更广泛的系统发育分析中。我们还报告了在新几内亚发现的来自澳大利亚东部或新几内亚南部跨蝇区的一个移民个体的遗传检测。我们的研究首次深入了解了该物种在其分布范围内的遗传多样性是如何形成的。它突出了有待研究的领域，并说明了DNA序列数据在跟踪物种迁徙运动方面的潜力。
{"title":"Genomic insights into the taxonomy and migration of the Forest Kingfisher Todiramphus macleayii","authors":"H. Johnston, Jéssica Fenker, Anna M. Kearns, A. Drew, I. Mason, C. Moritz, L. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2122508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2122508","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Forest Kingfisher Todiramphus macleayii inhabits eucalypt savannas, rainforests and mangroves across its distribution in Australasia. Two Australian subspecies are consistently recognised but the taxonomic status of resident New Guinean populations is unsettled. Genomic data from populations sampled across the species’ Australian and New Guinean ranges support the recognition of resident New Guinean populations at the subspecies level as T. m. elisabeth. Further work is required to examine island populations that remain unsampled genetically and to place the species in a broader phylogenetic analysis of Todiramphus kingfishers. We also report genetically based detection of a migrant individual in New Guinea either from eastern Australia or the Trans-Fly region of southern New Guinea. Our study provides a first insight into how genetic diversity is structured within this species across its range. It highlights remaining areas for study and illustrates the potential of DNA sequence data in tracking migratory movements of the species.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86330709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2114088
Mohamed Iyaaz A. Matheen, M. Gillings, R. Dudaniec
ABSTRACT The role of the gut microbiota in regulating host physiology and health is well established, with effects on host development, behaviour, nutrition, immunity, and reproductive strategy. While mammalian and insect microbiomes have attracted considerable research attention, avian microbiome research is deservedly growing, given the key roles that birds play in ecosystem services and functioning. Here we review recent literature (2008–2021) on the gut microbiome of wild birds, focusing on the role of key drivers that shape gut bacterial communities: diet, environment, and the phylogeny of host species. While most studies on avian gut microbiomes are confined to domestic poultry research, studies of wild birds have been increasing, particularly for the orders Passeriformes, Charadriformes, and Anseriformes. Four bacterial phyla dominate the gut microbiota of wild birds: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes with varying abundances and compositions across taxa. Diet was reported to be the most influential factor shaping avian gut microbiomes, followed by phylogeny, habitat, the nest environment and seasonal variation. However, the current scarcity and large variation in reported patterns limits a clear understanding about how the ecology and evolution of birds are affected by the gut microbiome. Increased research effort is needed that links microbial diversity to function and avian health, with an expansion of sampling across host phylogenetic lineages, environmental conditions, dietary niches, and life stages. A shift towards field-based experimental approaches will further contribute towards more conclusive findings, which will serve to advance threatened species management in both captivity and in the wild.
{"title":"Dominant factors shaping the gut microbiota of wild birds","authors":"Mohamed Iyaaz A. Matheen, M. Gillings, R. Dudaniec","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2114088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2114088","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of the gut microbiota in regulating host physiology and health is well established, with effects on host development, behaviour, nutrition, immunity, and reproductive strategy. While mammalian and insect microbiomes have attracted considerable research attention, avian microbiome research is deservedly growing, given the key roles that birds play in ecosystem services and functioning. Here we review recent literature (2008–2021) on the gut microbiome of wild birds, focusing on the role of key drivers that shape gut bacterial communities: diet, environment, and the phylogeny of host species. While most studies on avian gut microbiomes are confined to domestic poultry research, studies of wild birds have been increasing, particularly for the orders Passeriformes, Charadriformes, and Anseriformes. Four bacterial phyla dominate the gut microbiota of wild birds: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes with varying abundances and compositions across taxa. Diet was reported to be the most influential factor shaping avian gut microbiomes, followed by phylogeny, habitat, the nest environment and seasonal variation. However, the current scarcity and large variation in reported patterns limits a clear understanding about how the ecology and evolution of birds are affected by the gut microbiome. Increased research effort is needed that links microbial diversity to function and avian health, with an expansion of sampling across host phylogenetic lineages, environmental conditions, dietary niches, and life stages. A shift towards field-based experimental approaches will further contribute towards more conclusive findings, which will serve to advance threatened species management in both captivity and in the wild.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83924030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2112400
Alejandro Simeone, Carlos B. Zavalaga, Roberto Aguilar-Pulido, P. Arce
ABSTRACT Grey Gulls (Leucophaeus modestus) are unique among gulls in that they forage in the coast but breed up to 115 km inland in the barren Atacama Desert of northern Chile. By nesting in the desert, adults are limited to a single daily foraging trip to feed their chicks and relieve their incubating/brooding mates. Birds perform long-distance and energetically expensive trips between foraging and breeding grounds. We describe how Grey Gulls modify nest attendance and chick provisioning strategies from an unusual coastal colony established at Playa Brava, northern Chile, during the 2017–2018 season. Contrary to what it is usually observed in desert colonies, incubating, and brooding Grey Gulls at Playa Brava relieved mates at the nest regularly and fed chicks several times throughout the day. Some adults even left their chicks unattended at the nest to forage on the nearby shoreline (<0.15 km) for a variable amount of time (up to 57 min) before returning to resume brooding. These behaviours are likely to ease parental duties by allowing multiple pair changeovers, reduce energy expenditure by avoiding extensive trips between the desert and the coast, increase chick growth rates by allowing multiple meals during the day, among other advantages. Our observations show that, when moving their colonies from the desert to the coast, Grey Gulls accordingly adjust their breeding behaviour to cope with this new habitat.
{"title":"Comparative nest attendance and chick provisioning strategies in coastal and desert nesting Grey Gulls (Leucophaeus modestus) in northern Chile","authors":"Alejandro Simeone, Carlos B. Zavalaga, Roberto Aguilar-Pulido, P. Arce","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2112400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2112400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grey Gulls (Leucophaeus modestus) are unique among gulls in that they forage in the coast but breed up to 115 km inland in the barren Atacama Desert of northern Chile. By nesting in the desert, adults are limited to a single daily foraging trip to feed their chicks and relieve their incubating/brooding mates. Birds perform long-distance and energetically expensive trips between foraging and breeding grounds. We describe how Grey Gulls modify nest attendance and chick provisioning strategies from an unusual coastal colony established at Playa Brava, northern Chile, during the 2017–2018 season. Contrary to what it is usually observed in desert colonies, incubating, and brooding Grey Gulls at Playa Brava relieved mates at the nest regularly and fed chicks several times throughout the day. Some adults even left their chicks unattended at the nest to forage on the nearby shoreline (<0.15 km) for a variable amount of time (up to 57 min) before returning to resume brooding. These behaviours are likely to ease parental duties by allowing multiple pair changeovers, reduce energy expenditure by avoiding extensive trips between the desert and the coast, increase chick growth rates by allowing multiple meals during the day, among other advantages. Our observations show that, when moving their colonies from the desert to the coast, Grey Gulls accordingly adjust their breeding behaviour to cope with this new habitat.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84024771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2112696
L. Marone, S. Camín
ABSTRACT The Yellow Cardinal is a globally endangered species endemic of southern South America. Knowledge of its general biology has increased in recent years, but its feeding ecology is less well-known. Assessing the feeding ecology of endangered species imposes ethical dilemmas, and we therefore took advantage of Yellow Cardinals rescued by rangers from illegal trafficking in the Monte desert, Mendoza, Argentina, to experimentally assess their seed preferences by using two different seed sets to test the hypotheses that (1) the birds prefer medium-sized and large seeds of native grass species, which are the seeds that are most reduced by cattle grazing, and (2) birds are not able to handle and consume the large seeds typical of non-native crop species. Choice and non-choice experiments were combined to assess the seed preferences. In the experiments with eight native seeds <1 mg (4 grasses, 4 forbs) the birds preferred the medium-sized and large grass seeds over the forb seeds. In the experiment with eight grass seeds (4 native, 4 commercial; 0.23–33 mg) birds had difficulty in handling the heaviest seeds, with a threshold between 7 and 25 mg. This difficulty might explain the positive association of the Yellow Cardinal with wild savannahs and xerophytic shrubland but not with agricultural fields, since common crops have large seeds (40–350 mg). Given the species affinity for habitats that are often used for livestock ranching, overgrazing should be included as a source of habitat degradation due to the reduction in key food resources.
{"title":"Seed preferences suggest a high vulnerability of the Yellow Cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) to habitat degradation in Argentina","authors":"L. Marone, S. Camín","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2112696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2112696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Yellow Cardinal is a globally endangered species endemic of southern South America. Knowledge of its general biology has increased in recent years, but its feeding ecology is less well-known. Assessing the feeding ecology of endangered species imposes ethical dilemmas, and we therefore took advantage of Yellow Cardinals rescued by rangers from illegal trafficking in the Monte desert, Mendoza, Argentina, to experimentally assess their seed preferences by using two different seed sets to test the hypotheses that (1) the birds prefer medium-sized and large seeds of native grass species, which are the seeds that are most reduced by cattle grazing, and (2) birds are not able to handle and consume the large seeds typical of non-native crop species. Choice and non-choice experiments were combined to assess the seed preferences. In the experiments with eight native seeds <1 mg (4 grasses, 4 forbs) the birds preferred the medium-sized and large grass seeds over the forb seeds. In the experiment with eight grass seeds (4 native, 4 commercial; 0.23–33 mg) birds had difficulty in handling the heaviest seeds, with a threshold between 7 and 25 mg. This difficulty might explain the positive association of the Yellow Cardinal with wild savannahs and xerophytic shrubland but not with agricultural fields, since common crops have large seeds (40–350 mg). Given the species affinity for habitats that are often used for livestock ranching, overgrazing should be included as a source of habitat degradation due to the reduction in key food resources.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90462386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2114089
Katharina Reusch, P. Ryan, L. Pichegru
ABSTRACT Kelp Gulls Larus dominicanus are widespread globally due to their ability to exploit a wide variety of resources and foraging habitats inland, in coastal areas and offshore. However, the increasing availability of anthropogenic diet items might potentially impact the health of their populations. We investigated body condition and parasite loads of incubating adult Kelp Gulls and their chicks at seven South African breeding colonies with varying proximity to landfills. Adult body condition indices did not differ significantly among colonies during the incubation period but were on average highest at one of the urban colonies, Strandfontein, which is next to a large landfill site in Cape Town. The only blood parasite identified was Haemoproteus spp. Prevalence overall was low, but significantly higher in adults than in chicks. Yeast cells (Candida spp.) were identified in faecal smears and coincided with higher body condition index values in incubating adults. Our results suggest that urban landscapes currently have little impact on these aspects of gull health, at least on individuals in good enough condition to breed.
{"title":"Health status indices of Kelp Gull populations in South Africa","authors":"Katharina Reusch, P. Ryan, L. Pichegru","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2114089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2114089","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kelp Gulls Larus dominicanus are widespread globally due to their ability to exploit a wide variety of resources and foraging habitats inland, in coastal areas and offshore. However, the increasing availability of anthropogenic diet items might potentially impact the health of their populations. We investigated body condition and parasite loads of incubating adult Kelp Gulls and their chicks at seven South African breeding colonies with varying proximity to landfills. Adult body condition indices did not differ significantly among colonies during the incubation period but were on average highest at one of the urban colonies, Strandfontein, which is next to a large landfill site in Cape Town. The only blood parasite identified was Haemoproteus spp. Prevalence overall was low, but significantly higher in adults than in chicks. Yeast cells (Candida spp.) were identified in faecal smears and coincided with higher body condition index values in incubating adults. Our results suggest that urban landscapes currently have little impact on these aspects of gull health, at least on individuals in good enough condition to breed.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81324244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2106875
D. Lindenmayer
ABSTRACT Australia’s temperate woodlands are among the most heavily modified biomes globally. I summarise some of the work on birds in south-eastern Australia that identifies drivers of bird biodiversity loss and the effectiveness of management interventions. I particularly focus on studies by the Sustainable Farms project at The Australian National University which show that: (1) Bird occurrence is associated with the amount of woody vegetation cover at site, farm and landscape scales. (2) Planting to increase woodland cover has greater relative positive effects on birds than grazing control. However, grazing of plantings has inherently negative impacts. (3) There are different broad structural types of woodland (old growth, regrowth and replantings) and each supports different bird assemblages. (4) The highest bird biodiversity occurs on farms which support all three woodland structural types, as well as other natural assets like paddock trees and fallen timber. (5) Long-term data show that while some woodland species are increasing, twice as many species are declining. Despite the body of information on woodland birds, substantial knowledge gaps remain. These include understanding of: (1) the role of fire in woodland bird dynamics and habitat suitability, and (2) demographic processes like bird breeding success and how it affects long-term site occupancy. Bird biodiversity in Australian agricultural landscapes formerly dominated by temperate woodlands will be best supported by: (1) ceasing land clearing, (2) greater woodland regeneration and woodland planting, (3) limiting livestock grazing, and (4) limiting the impacts of the Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala).
{"title":"Birds on farms: a review of factors influencing bird occurrence in the temperate woodlands of south-eastern Australia","authors":"D. Lindenmayer","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2106875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2106875","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Australia’s temperate woodlands are among the most heavily modified biomes globally. I summarise some of the work on birds in south-eastern Australia that identifies drivers of bird biodiversity loss and the effectiveness of management interventions. I particularly focus on studies by the Sustainable Farms project at The Australian National University which show that: (1) Bird occurrence is associated with the amount of woody vegetation cover at site, farm and landscape scales. (2) Planting to increase woodland cover has greater relative positive effects on birds than grazing control. However, grazing of plantings has inherently negative impacts. (3) There are different broad structural types of woodland (old growth, regrowth and replantings) and each supports different bird assemblages. (4) The highest bird biodiversity occurs on farms which support all three woodland structural types, as well as other natural assets like paddock trees and fallen timber. (5) Long-term data show that while some woodland species are increasing, twice as many species are declining. Despite the body of information on woodland birds, substantial knowledge gaps remain. These include understanding of: (1) the role of fire in woodland bird dynamics and habitat suitability, and (2) demographic processes like bird breeding success and how it affects long-term site occupancy. Bird biodiversity in Australian agricultural landscapes formerly dominated by temperate woodlands will be best supported by: (1) ceasing land clearing, (2) greater woodland regeneration and woodland planting, (3) limiting livestock grazing, and (4) limiting the impacts of the Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala).","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73154204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2105723
Erik M. Sandvig, T. Coulson, B. Robertson, W. E. Feeney, S. Clegg
ABSTRACT The rate at which avian offspring grow can have consequences for survival and reproductive output as an adult and is known to vary widely among and within species. This variation is thought to be an adaptive response to cope with environmental variation. The principal environmental factors affecting growth are food availability and predation risk, predominantly acting as constraints on parental care. Islands pose an interesting system to explore growth rate dynamics, because the characteristic insular features of high population densities and depauperate predator diversity translate into a potentially food limited environment with low predation risk. Insular environments typically produce populations with slower life history strategies and larger body size in small-bodied species, features that are likely to be mediated by growth rate. We describe the nestling growth of an insular population of Silvereyes and how it relates to parental size and parental care. Neither parental size nor parental care explained insular nestling growth rate, even though food acquisition is thought to underpin avian growth rates. This could be due to a mismatch between acquisition and allocation of resources by nestlings. Compared to a small number of mainland nestlings, the island growth curve asymptotes were significantly larger and inflection points much later, but insular growth rates were only marginally slower. This is in line with proposed insular adaptations required to produce larger body size on islands, however understanding the mechanism underlying this pattern will require data on the relationship between food quality and acquisition, and physiological allocation of resources within individuals.
{"title":"Insular nestling growth and its relationship to parental care effort in Silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis","authors":"Erik M. Sandvig, T. Coulson, B. Robertson, W. E. Feeney, S. Clegg","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2105723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2105723","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rate at which avian offspring grow can have consequences for survival and reproductive output as an adult and is known to vary widely among and within species. This variation is thought to be an adaptive response to cope with environmental variation. The principal environmental factors affecting growth are food availability and predation risk, predominantly acting as constraints on parental care. Islands pose an interesting system to explore growth rate dynamics, because the characteristic insular features of high population densities and depauperate predator diversity translate into a potentially food limited environment with low predation risk. Insular environments typically produce populations with slower life history strategies and larger body size in small-bodied species, features that are likely to be mediated by growth rate. We describe the nestling growth of an insular population of Silvereyes and how it relates to parental size and parental care. Neither parental size nor parental care explained insular nestling growth rate, even though food acquisition is thought to underpin avian growth rates. This could be due to a mismatch between acquisition and allocation of resources by nestlings. Compared to a small number of mainland nestlings, the island growth curve asymptotes were significantly larger and inflection points much later, but insular growth rates were only marginally slower. This is in line with proposed insular adaptations required to produce larger body size on islands, however understanding the mechanism underlying this pattern will require data on the relationship between food quality and acquisition, and physiological allocation of resources within individuals.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88941329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2105235
Filipe C. R. Cunha, L. Lopes, A. Selezneva
ABSTRACT The Lined Seedeater (Sporophila lineola) is a small intra-tropical migrant songbird. However, little is known about its breeding and wintering grounds, or migratory habits. To investigate potentially distinct breeding populations and the migratory schedule of Lined Seedeaters we analysed its spatial and temporal distribution using published breeding records, museum vouchers, and data from citizen science projects (eBird and WikiAves). Our findings suggest that there are three main breeding areas: northern Argentina and north-western Paraguay, south-eastern Brazil, and north-eastern Brazil, and that the breeding season seems to be restricted to November through May, with slight differences in timing among these three areas. The species winters in the northern part of South America (mostly in grassland areas) and maybe also in the Amazonia. Moreover, rainfall predicts the latitudinal and longitudinal movements of Lined Seedeaters, with the migratory movements associated with an increase in rainfall. Taken together, these results provide a first comprehensive overview on the migration of Lined Seedeater, calling for further empirical field studies. Understanding intra-tropical migratory patterns is paramount to comprehend the potential impacts of environmental change in tropical ecosystems.
{"title":"Revealing migration schedule and potential breeding grounds of Lined Seedeaters using citizen science data","authors":"Filipe C. R. Cunha, L. Lopes, A. Selezneva","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2105235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2105235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Lined Seedeater (Sporophila lineola) is a small intra-tropical migrant songbird. However, little is known about its breeding and wintering grounds, or migratory habits. To investigate potentially distinct breeding populations and the migratory schedule of Lined Seedeaters we analysed its spatial and temporal distribution using published breeding records, museum vouchers, and data from citizen science projects (eBird and WikiAves). Our findings suggest that there are three main breeding areas: northern Argentina and north-western Paraguay, south-eastern Brazil, and north-eastern Brazil, and that the breeding season seems to be restricted to November through May, with slight differences in timing among these three areas. The species winters in the northern part of South America (mostly in grassland areas) and maybe also in the Amazonia. Moreover, rainfall predicts the latitudinal and longitudinal movements of Lined Seedeaters, with the migratory movements associated with an increase in rainfall. Taken together, these results provide a first comprehensive overview on the migration of Lined Seedeater, calling for further empirical field studies. Understanding intra-tropical migratory patterns is paramount to comprehend the potential impacts of environmental change in tropical ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81078261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2104735
Nicole E. Butler, S. Watson, R. Peters
ABSTRACT In prey species, it is often the case that individuals give alarms when they are threatened. In birds, such signals are frequently vocal signals that alert conspecifics to the presence of a threat. The responses to these calls by receivers may include fleeing to cover or approaching to mob the predator. Although most birds do give alarm calls when threatened, not all species do. We used Australian arid-zone bird species (n = 171) to test the hypothesis that alarm calling behaviour is determined by ecological, behavioural, and morphological characteristics. Eighty-nine percent of birds analysed possessed an alarm call, highlighting the prevalence of this behaviour. Our study found three variables – number of food types eaten, mobility, and breeding system – that were associated with predicting alarm calling behaviour in these species. The correspondence of alarm calling with these key life history attributes provides insight into benefits of having alarm calls and the evolutionary processes that have given rise to this behaviour.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2104734
Sydney J. Collett, Tara L. Crewe, I. Radford, S. Garnett, H. Campbell
ABSTRACT Estimating trends in population size is critical for understanding population status and assessing the success of management interventions. Visual counts of birds as they congregate around predictable locations, such as waterholes, is a popular technique for estimating population size. Bird counts are used as a proxy for abundance, but how the relationship between counts and actual abundance varies over space and time is rarely assessed. Here, we demonstrate that colour banding and motion detection cameras provided a good method for monitoring finch visitation patterns across space and time. These methods were validated using three sympatric finch species, the abundance of which have been estimated from waterhole counts over many years. The study showed significant temporal inter-species variability in the proportion of birds visiting waterholes and the number of times the same individual returned to the same waterhole during the early morning. Bird visitation rates also varied between consecutive days, across adjacent waterholes and at different stages of the dry season. Our study suggests that spatiotemporal variation in individual behaviour may introduce substantial error into site-focused bird counts and we recommend considering this in census design.
{"title":"Sympatric finches differ in visitation patterns to watering holes: implications for site-focused bird counts","authors":"Sydney J. Collett, Tara L. Crewe, I. Radford, S. Garnett, H. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2104734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2104734","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Estimating trends in population size is critical for understanding population status and assessing the success of management interventions. Visual counts of birds as they congregate around predictable locations, such as waterholes, is a popular technique for estimating population size. Bird counts are used as a proxy for abundance, but how the relationship between counts and actual abundance varies over space and time is rarely assessed. Here, we demonstrate that colour banding and motion detection cameras provided a good method for monitoring finch visitation patterns across space and time. These methods were validated using three sympatric finch species, the abundance of which have been estimated from waterhole counts over many years. The study showed significant temporal inter-species variability in the proportion of birds visiting waterholes and the number of times the same individual returned to the same waterhole during the early morning. Bird visitation rates also varied between consecutive days, across adjacent waterholes and at different stages of the dry season. Our study suggests that spatiotemporal variation in individual behaviour may introduce substantial error into site-focused bird counts and we recommend considering this in census design.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81921548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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